{"related_material":{"record":[{"status":"public","id":"9932","relation":"research_data"}]},"status":"public","quality_controlled":"1","title":"Increased gene dosage plays a predominant role in the initial stages of evolution of duplicate TEM-1 beta lactamase genes","date_created":"2021-08-17T09:03:09Z","user_id":"6785fbc1-c503-11eb-8a32-93094b40e1cf","oa_version":"None","scopus_import":"1","publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","publication_status":"published","date_published":"2014-06-03T00:00:00Z","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"Gene duplication is important in evolution, because it provides new raw material for evolutionary adaptations. Several existing hypotheses about the causes of duplicate retention and diversification differ in their emphasis on gene dosage, subfunctionalization, and neofunctionalization. Little experimental data exist on the relative importance of gene expression changes and changes in coding regions for the evolution of duplicate genes. Furthermore, we do not know how strongly the environment could affect this importance. To address these questions, we performed evolution experiments with the TEM-1 beta lactamase gene in Escherichia coli to study the initial stages of duplicate gene evolution in the laboratory. We mimicked tandem duplication by inserting two copies of the TEM-1 gene on the same plasmid. We then subjected these copies to repeated cycles of mutagenesis and selection in various environments that contained antibiotics in different combinations and concentrations. Our experiments showed that gene dosage is the most important factor in the initial stages of duplicate gene evolution, and overshadows the importance of point mutations in the coding region."}],"department":[{"_id":"CaGu"}],"day":"03","type":"journal_article","date_updated":"2023-02-23T14:13:27Z","pmid":1,"month":"06","article_processing_charge":"No","acknowledgement":"We thank the Functional Genomics Center Zurich for its service in generating sequencing data, M. Ackermann and E. Hayden for helpful discussions, A. de Visser for comments on earlier versions of this manuscript, and M. Moser for help with quantitative PCR. This work was supported by Swiss National Science Foundation (grant 315230–129708), as well as through the YeastX project of SystemsX.ch, and the University Priority Research Program in Systems Biology at the University of Zurich. RD acknowledges support from the Forschungskredit program of the University of Zurich. The authors declare no conflict of interest.","volume":68,"intvolume":"        68","year":"2014","article_type":"original","citation":{"short":"R. Dhar, T. Bergmiller, A. Wagner, Evolution 68 (2014) 1775–1791.","ama":"Dhar R, Bergmiller T, Wagner A. Increased gene dosage plays a predominant role in the initial stages of evolution of duplicate TEM-1 beta lactamase genes. <i>Evolution</i>. 2014;68(6):1775-1791. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1111/evo.12373\">10.1111/evo.12373</a>","ista":"Dhar R, Bergmiller T, Wagner A. 2014. Increased gene dosage plays a predominant role in the initial stages of evolution of duplicate TEM-1 beta lactamase genes. Evolution. 68(6), 1775–1791.","chicago":"Dhar, Riddhiman, Tobias Bergmiller, and Andreas Wagner. “Increased Gene Dosage Plays a Predominant Role in the Initial Stages of Evolution of Duplicate TEM-1 Beta Lactamase Genes.” <i>Evolution</i>. Wiley, 2014. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1111/evo.12373\">https://doi.org/10.1111/evo.12373</a>.","apa":"Dhar, R., Bergmiller, T., &#38; Wagner, A. (2014). Increased gene dosage plays a predominant role in the initial stages of evolution of duplicate TEM-1 beta lactamase genes. <i>Evolution</i>. Wiley. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1111/evo.12373\">https://doi.org/10.1111/evo.12373</a>","ieee":"R. Dhar, T. Bergmiller, and A. Wagner, “Increased gene dosage plays a predominant role in the initial stages of evolution of duplicate TEM-1 beta lactamase genes,” <i>Evolution</i>, vol. 68, no. 6. Wiley, pp. 1775–1791, 2014.","mla":"Dhar, Riddhiman, et al. “Increased Gene Dosage Plays a Predominant Role in the Initial Stages of Evolution of Duplicate TEM-1 Beta Lactamase Genes.” <i>Evolution</i>, vol. 68, no. 6, Wiley, 2014, pp. 1775–91, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1111/evo.12373\">10.1111/evo.12373</a>."},"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"_id":"9931","doi":"10.1111/evo.12373","page":"1775-1791","author":[{"full_name":"Dhar, Riddhiman","last_name":"Dhar","first_name":"Riddhiman"},{"orcid":"0000-0001-5396-4346","full_name":"Bergmiller, Tobias","id":"2C471CFA-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","first_name":"Tobias","last_name":"Bergmiller"},{"full_name":"Wagner, Andreas","last_name":"Wagner","first_name":"Andreas"}],"publication":"Evolution","publication_identifier":{"issn":["0014-3820"],"eissn":["1558-5646"]},"external_id":{"pmid":["24495000"]}}