{"tmp":{"short":"CC BY (4.0)","name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)","image":"/images/cc_by.png","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode"},"day":"01","status":"public","year":"2016","publisher":"Royal Society, The","date_published":"2016-01-01T00:00:00Z","acknowledgement":"Financial support was provided by EMBO and the DFG SFB 670 'Zellautonome Immunität' to M.L., DFG SFB 680 'Molecular basis of evolutionary innovation' to T.W., DFG SPP1819 to M.L. and T.W., the HHMI International Early Career Scientist Programme (55007424), MINECO (Sev-2012-0208), AGAUR programme (2014 SGR 0974), and an ERC Starting Grant (335980-EinME) to F.K., the European Molecular Biology Laboratory to J.M., the Wellcome Trust to K.H. (zebrafish genome sequencing project) and the National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI) grant HG002659 to G.K.L. (gene annotation), and a grant from the Volkswagen Foundation to P.H.S. We thank the CHEOPS support team and the Bundesland Nordrhein Westfalen for making HPC applications freely available at the University of Cologne.","month":"01","date_created":"2018-12-11T11:49:04Z","citation":{"apa":"Howe, K., Schiffer, P., Zielinski, J., Wiehe, T., Laird, G., Marioni, J., … Leptin, M. (2016). Structure and evolutionary history of a large family of NLR proteins in the zebrafish. <i>Open Biology</i>. Royal Society, The. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1098/rsob.160009\">https://doi.org/10.1098/rsob.160009</a>","ista":"Howe K, Schiffer P, Zielinski J, Wiehe T, Laird G, Marioni J, Soylemez O, Kondrashov F, Leptin M. 2016. Structure and evolutionary history of a large family of NLR proteins in the zebrafish. Open Biology. 6(4).","chicago":"Howe, Kerstin, Philipp Schiffer, Julia Zielinski, Thomas Wiehe, Gavin Laird, John Marioni, Onuralp Soylemez, Fyodor Kondrashov, and Maria Leptin. “Structure and Evolutionary History of a Large Family of NLR Proteins in the Zebrafish.” <i>Open Biology</i>. Royal Society, The, 2016. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1098/rsob.160009\">https://doi.org/10.1098/rsob.160009</a>.","ieee":"K. Howe <i>et al.</i>, “Structure and evolutionary history of a large family of NLR proteins in the zebrafish,” <i>Open Biology</i>, vol. 6, no. 4. Royal Society, The, 2016.","short":"K. Howe, P. Schiffer, J. Zielinski, T. Wiehe, G. Laird, J. Marioni, O. Soylemez, F. Kondrashov, M. Leptin, Open Biology 6 (2016).","mla":"Howe, Kerstin, et al. “Structure and Evolutionary History of a Large Family of NLR Proteins in the Zebrafish.” <i>Open Biology</i>, vol. 6, no. 4, Royal Society, The, 2016, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1098/rsob.160009\">10.1098/rsob.160009</a>.","ama":"Howe K, Schiffer P, Zielinski J, et al. Structure and evolutionary history of a large family of NLR proteins in the zebrafish. <i>Open Biology</i>. 2016;6(4). doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1098/rsob.160009\">10.1098/rsob.160009</a>"},"quality_controlled":0,"title":"Structure and evolutionary history of a large family of NLR proteins in the zebrafish","_id":"896","author":[{"last_name":"Howe","first_name":"Kerstin","full_name":"Howe, Kerstin L"},{"last_name":"Schiffer","full_name":"Schiffer, Philipp H","first_name":"Philipp"},{"first_name":"Julia","full_name":"Zielinski, Julia G","last_name":"Zielinski"},{"first_name":"Thomas","full_name":"Wiehe, Thomas H","last_name":"Wiehe"},{"last_name":"Laird","full_name":"Laird, Gavin K","first_name":"Gavin"},{"full_name":"Marioni, John C","first_name":"John","last_name":"Marioni"},{"last_name":"Soylemez","first_name":"Onuralp","full_name":"Soylemez, Onuralp"},{"full_name":"Fyodor Kondrashov","first_name":"Fyodor","orcid":"0000-0001-8243-4694","last_name":"Kondrashov","id":"44FDEF62-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87"},{"last_name":"Leptin","full_name":"Leptin, Maria","first_name":"Maria"}],"doi":"10.1098/rsob.160009","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"Multicellular eukaryotes have evolved a range of mechanisms for immune recognition. A widespread family involved in innate immunity are the NACHT-domain and leucine-rich-repeat-containing (NLR) proteins.Mammals have small numbers of NLR proteins, whereas in some species, mostly those without adaptive immune systems, NLRs have expanded into very large families.We describe a family of nearly 400NLR proteins encoded in the zebrafish genome. The proteins share a defining overall structure, which arose in fishes after a fusion of the core NLR domains with a B30.2 domain, but can be subdivided into four groups based on their NACHT domains. Gene conversion acting differentially on the NACHT and B30.2 domains has shaped the family and created the groups. Evidence of positive selection in the B30.2 domain indicates that this domain rather than the leucine-rich repeats acts as the pathogen recognition module. In an unusual chromosomal organization, the majority of the genes are located on one chromosome arm, interspersed with other large multigene families, including a new family encoding zinc-finger proteins. The NLR-B30.2 proteins represent a new family with diversity in the specific recognition module that is present in fishes in spite of the parallel existence of an adaptive immune system."}],"issue":"4","publication_status":"published","publication":"Open Biology","extern":1,"type":"journal_article","date_updated":"2021-01-12T08:21:32Z","publist_id":"6754","volume":6,"intvolume":"         6"}