{"quality_controlled":"1","title":"Motor primitives in space and time via targeted gain modulation in cortical networks","main_file_link":[{"open_access":"1","url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6276991/"}],"oa_version":"Submitted Version","issue":"12","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"intvolume":"        21","day":"01","article_type":"original","publisher":"Springer Nature","year":"2018","date_published":"2018-12-01T00:00:00Z","pmid":1,"related_material":{"link":[{"relation":"erratum","url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41593-018-0307-x"}]},"_id":"8073","author":[{"full_name":"Stroud, Jake P.","first_name":"Jake P.","last_name":"Stroud"},{"last_name":"Porter","full_name":"Porter, Mason A.","first_name":"Mason A."},{"last_name":"Hennequin","full_name":"Hennequin, Guillaume","first_name":"Guillaume"},{"last_name":"Vogels","id":"CB6FF8D2-008F-11EA-8E08-2637E6697425","first_name":"Tim P","full_name":"Vogels, Tim P","orcid":"0000-0003-3295-6181"}],"doi":"10.1038/s41593-018-0276-0","abstract":[{"text":"Motor cortex (M1) exhibits a rich repertoire of neuronal activities to support the generation of complex movements. Although recent neuronal-network models capture many qualitative aspects of M1 dynamics, they can generate only a few distinct movements. Additionally, it is unclear how M1 efficiently controls movements over a wide range of shapes and speeds. We demonstrate that modulation of neuronal input–output gains in recurrent neuronal-network models with a fixed architecture can dramatically reorganize neuronal activity and thus downstream muscle outputs. Consistent with the observation of diffuse neuromodulatory projections to M1, a relatively small number of modulatory control units provide sufficient flexibility to adjust high-dimensional network activity using a simple reward-based learning rule. Furthermore, it is possible to assemble novel movements from previously learned primitives, and one can separately change movement speed while preserving movement shape. Our results provide a new perspective on the role of modulatory systems in controlling recurrent cortical activity.","lang":"eng"}],"publication_status":"published","publication":"Nature Neuroscience","extern":"1","type":"journal_article","date_updated":"2021-01-12T08:16:46Z","volume":21,"publication_identifier":{"issn":["1097-6256","1546-1726"]},"external_id":{"pmid":["30482949"]},"status":"public","page":"1774-1783","oa":1,"user_id":"D865714E-FA4E-11E9-B85B-F5C5E5697425","article_processing_charge":"No","month":"12","date_created":"2020-06-30T13:18:02Z","citation":{"apa":"Stroud, J. P., Porter, M. A., Hennequin, G., &#38; Vogels, T. P. (2018). Motor primitives in space and time via targeted gain modulation in cortical networks. <i>Nature Neuroscience</i>. Springer Nature. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41593-018-0276-0\">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41593-018-0276-0</a>","ista":"Stroud JP, Porter MA, Hennequin G, Vogels TP. 2018. Motor primitives in space and time via targeted gain modulation in cortical networks. Nature Neuroscience. 21(12), 1774–1783.","chicago":"Stroud, Jake P., Mason A. Porter, Guillaume Hennequin, and Tim P Vogels. “Motor Primitives in Space and Time via Targeted Gain Modulation in Cortical Networks.” <i>Nature Neuroscience</i>. Springer Nature, 2018. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41593-018-0276-0\">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41593-018-0276-0</a>.","ieee":"J. P. Stroud, M. A. Porter, G. Hennequin, and T. P. Vogels, “Motor primitives in space and time via targeted gain modulation in cortical networks,” <i>Nature Neuroscience</i>, vol. 21, no. 12. Springer Nature, pp. 1774–1783, 2018.","ama":"Stroud JP, Porter MA, Hennequin G, Vogels TP. Motor primitives in space and time via targeted gain modulation in cortical networks. <i>Nature Neuroscience</i>. 2018;21(12):1774-1783. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41593-018-0276-0\">10.1038/s41593-018-0276-0</a>","mla":"Stroud, Jake P., et al. “Motor Primitives in Space and Time via Targeted Gain Modulation in Cortical Networks.” <i>Nature Neuroscience</i>, vol. 21, no. 12, Springer Nature, 2018, pp. 1774–83, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41593-018-0276-0\">10.1038/s41593-018-0276-0</a>.","short":"J.P. Stroud, M.A. Porter, G. Hennequin, T.P. Vogels, Nature Neuroscience 21 (2018) 1774–1783."}}