{"publication_status":"published","publication":"Genetics","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"The tra-1 gene is a terminal regulator of somatic sex in Caenorhabditis elegans: high tra-1 activity elicits female development, low tra-1 activity elicits male development. To investigate the function and evolution of tra- 1, we examined the tra-1 gene from the closely related nematode C. briggsae. Ce-tra-1 and Cb-tra-1 are unusually divergent. Each gene generates two transcripts, but only one of these is present in both species. This common transcript encodes TRA-1A, which shows only 44% amino acid identity between the species, a figure much lower than that for previously compared genes. A Cb-tra-1 transgene rescues many tissues of tra-1(null) mutants of C. elegans but not the somatic gonad or germ line. This transgene also causes nongonadal feminization of XO animals, indicating incorrect sexual regulation. Alignment of Ce-TRA-1A and Cb-TRA-1A defined several conserved regions likely to be important for tra-1 function. The phenotype differences between Ce-tra- 1(null) mutants rescued by Cb-tra-1 transgenes and wild-type C. elegans indicate significant divergence of regulatory regions. These molecular and functional studies suggest that evolution of sex determination in nematodes is rapid and genetically complex."}],"_id":"6161","author":[{"last_name":"de Bono","id":"4E3FF80E-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","full_name":"de Bono, Mario","first_name":"Mario","orcid":"0000-0001-8347-0443"},{"first_name":"J.","full_name":"Hodgkin, J.","last_name":"Hodgkin"}],"publication_identifier":{"issn":["00166731"]},"date_updated":"2021-01-12T08:06:28Z","volume":144,"extern":"1","type":"journal_article","user_id":"3E5EF7F0-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","oa":1,"status":"public","page":"587-595","external_id":{"pmid":["8889522"]},"citation":{"apa":"de Bono, M., &#38; Hodgkin, J. (1996). Evolution of sex determination in Caenorhabditis: Unusually high divergence of tra-1 and its functional consequences. <i>Genetics</i>. Genetics Society of America.","ista":"de Bono M, Hodgkin J. 1996. Evolution of sex determination in Caenorhabditis: Unusually high divergence of tra-1 and its functional consequences. Genetics. 144(2), 587–595.","chicago":"Bono, Mario de, and J. Hodgkin. “Evolution of Sex Determination in Caenorhabditis: Unusually High Divergence of Tra-1 and Its Functional Consequences.” <i>Genetics</i>. Genetics Society of America, 1996.","ieee":"M. de Bono and J. Hodgkin, “Evolution of sex determination in Caenorhabditis: Unusually high divergence of tra-1 and its functional consequences,” <i>Genetics</i>, vol. 144, no. 2. Genetics Society of America, pp. 587–595, 1996.","ama":"de Bono M, Hodgkin J. Evolution of sex determination in Caenorhabditis: Unusually high divergence of tra-1 and its functional consequences. <i>Genetics</i>. 1996;144(2):587-595.","mla":"de Bono, Mario, and J. Hodgkin. “Evolution of Sex Determination in Caenorhabditis: Unusually High Divergence of Tra-1 and Its Functional Consequences.” <i>Genetics</i>, vol. 144, no. 2, Genetics Society of America, 1996, pp. 587–95.","short":"M. de Bono, J. Hodgkin, Genetics 144 (1996) 587–595."},"month":"10","date_created":"2019-03-21T11:50:37Z","issue":"2","oa_version":"Published Version","main_file_link":[{"open_access":"1","url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1207552/"}],"quality_controlled":"1","title":"Evolution of sex determination in Caenorhabditis: Unusually high divergence of tra-1 and its functional consequences","intvolume":"       144","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"date_published":"1996-10-01T00:00:00Z","year":"1996","publisher":"Genetics Society of America","day":"01","pmid":1,"keyword":["amino acid sequence","article","caenorhabditis elegans","evolution","genetic variability","nonhuman","priority journal","sex determination","Amino Acid Sequence","Animals","Animals","Genetically Modified","Base Sequence","Caenorhabditis","Caenorhabditis elegans","Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins","DNA","Helminth","DNA-Binding Proteins","Evolution","Molecular","Female","Helminth Proteins","Membrane Proteins","Molecular Sequence Data","Mutagenesis","RNA","Messenger","Sequence Homology","Amino Acid","Sex Determination (Analysis)","Transcription Factors","Transgenes","Turner Syndrome","Animalia","Caenorhabditis","Caenorhabditis briggsae","Caenorhabditis elegans","Nematoda"]}