{"abstract":[{"text":"In a large-scale screen, we isolated mutants displaying a specific visible phenotype in embryos or early larvae of the zebrafish, Danio rerio. Males were mutagenized with ethylnitrosourea (ENU) and F-2 families of single pair matings between sibling F-l fish, heterozygous for a mutagenized genome, were raised. Egg lays were obtained from several crosses between F-2 siblings, resulting in scoring of 3857 mutagenized genomes. F-3 progeny were scored at the second, third and sixth day of development, using a stereomicroscope. In a subsequent screen, fixed embryos were analyzed for correct retinotectal projection. A total of 4264 mutants were identified. Two thirds of the mutants displaying rather general abnormalities were eventually discarded. We kept and characterized 1163 mutants. In complementation crosses performed between mutants with similar phenotypes, 894 mutants have been assigned to 372 genes. The average allele frequency is 2.4. We identified genes involved in early development, notochord, brain, spinal cord, somites, muscles, heart, circulation, blood, skin, fin, eye, otic vesicle, jaw and branchial arches, pigment pattern, pigment formation, gut, liver, motility and touch response. Our collection contains alleles of almost all previously described zebrafish mutants. From the allele frequencies and other considerations we estimate that the 372 genes defined by the mutants probably represent more than half of all genes that could have been discovered using the criteria of our screen. Here we give an overview of the spectrum of mutant phenotypes obtained, and discuss the limits and the potentials of a genetic saturation screen in the zebrafish.","lang":"eng"}],"publication_status":"published","publication":"Development","author":[{"last_name":"Haffter","first_name":"Pascal","full_name":"Haffter, Pascal"},{"first_name":"Michael","full_name":"Granato, Michael","last_name":"Granato"},{"first_name":"Michael","full_name":"Brand, Michael","last_name":"Brand"},{"last_name":"Mullins","first_name":"Mary","full_name":"Mullins, Mary"},{"first_name":"Matthias","full_name":"Hammerschmidt, Matthias","last_name":"Hammerschmidt"},{"full_name":"Kane, Donald","first_name":"Donald","last_name":"Kane"},{"full_name":"Odenthal, Jörg","first_name":"Jörg","last_name":"Odenthal"},{"last_name":"Van Eeden","first_name":"Fredericus","full_name":"Van Eeden, Fredericus"},{"last_name":"Jiang","first_name":"Yunjin","full_name":"Jiang, Yunjin"},{"orcid":"0000-0002-0912-4566","first_name":"Carl-Philipp J","full_name":"Heisenberg, Carl-Philipp J","id":"39427864-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","last_name":"Heisenberg"},{"last_name":"Kelsh","full_name":"Kelsh, Robert","first_name":"Robert"},{"last_name":"Furutani Seiki","full_name":"Furutani Seiki, Makoto","first_name":"Makoto"},{"last_name":"Vogelsang","first_name":"Elisabeth","full_name":"Vogelsang, Elisabeth"},{"last_name":"Beuchle","full_name":"Beuchle, Dirk","first_name":"Dirk"},{"full_name":"Schach, Ursula","first_name":"Ursula","last_name":"Schach"},{"last_name":"Fabian","first_name":"Cosima","full_name":"Fabian, Cosima"},{"last_name":"Nüsslein Volhard","first_name":"Christiane","full_name":"Nüsslein Volhard, Christiane"}],"doi":"10.1242/dev.123.1.1 ","_id":"4212","publication_identifier":{"issn":["0950-1991"]},"type":"journal_article","extern":"1","volume":123,"date_updated":"2022-08-04T14:41:37Z","user_id":"ea97e931-d5af-11eb-85d4-e6957dddbf17","external_id":{"pmid":["9007226 "]},"page":"1 - 36","status":"public","date_created":"2018-12-11T12:07:37Z","month":"12","citation":{"mla":"Haffter, Pascal, et al. “The Identification of Genes with Unique and Essential Functions in the Development of the Zebrafish, Danio Rerio.” <i>Development</i>, vol. 123, no. 1, Company of Biologists, 1996, pp. 1–36, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1242/dev.123.1.1 \">10.1242/dev.123.1.1 </a>.","ama":"Haffter P, Granato M, Brand M, et al. The identification of genes with unique and essential functions in the development of the zebrafish, Danio rerio. <i>Development</i>. 1996;123(1):1-36. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1242/dev.123.1.1 \">10.1242/dev.123.1.1 </a>","short":"P. Haffter, M. Granato, M. Brand, M. Mullins, M. Hammerschmidt, D. Kane, J. Odenthal, F. Van Eeden, Y. Jiang, C.-P.J. Heisenberg, R. Kelsh, M. Furutani Seiki, E. Vogelsang, D. Beuchle, U. Schach, C. Fabian, C. Nüsslein Volhard, Development 123 (1996) 1–36.","ieee":"P. Haffter <i>et al.</i>, “The identification of genes with unique and essential functions in the development of the zebrafish, Danio rerio,” <i>Development</i>, vol. 123, no. 1. Company of Biologists, pp. 1–36, 1996.","ista":"Haffter P, Granato M, Brand M, Mullins M, Hammerschmidt M, Kane D, Odenthal J, Van Eeden F, Jiang Y, Heisenberg C-PJ, Kelsh R, Furutani Seiki M, Vogelsang E, Beuchle D, Schach U, Fabian C, Nüsslein Volhard C. 1996. The identification of genes with unique and essential functions in the development of the zebrafish, Danio rerio. Development. 123(1), 1–36.","chicago":"Haffter, Pascal, Michael Granato, Michael Brand, Mary Mullins, Matthias Hammerschmidt, Donald Kane, Jörg Odenthal, et al. “The Identification of Genes with Unique and Essential Functions in the Development of the Zebrafish, Danio Rerio.” <i>Development</i>. Company of Biologists, 1996. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1242/dev.123.1.1 \">https://doi.org/10.1242/dev.123.1.1 </a>.","apa":"Haffter, P., Granato, M., Brand, M., Mullins, M., Hammerschmidt, M., Kane, D., … Nüsslein Volhard, C. (1996). The identification of genes with unique and essential functions in the development of the zebrafish, Danio rerio. <i>Development</i>. Company of Biologists. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1242/dev.123.1.1 \">https://doi.org/10.1242/dev.123.1.1 </a>"},"article_processing_charge":"No","acknowledgement":"This work was a collaborative effort in which a large number of people participated during all or part of the three years of raising the families, screening and evaluation of the mutants. We thank Rachel Warga, Tatjana Piotrowski, Francisco Pelegri, Karin Rossnagel and Hans-Martin Maischein for collaboration at the beginning and the end of the screening and evaluation periods respectively; Hans-Georg Frohnhöfer for fish health care and for establishing the Tübingen zebrafish stockcenter; and Wolfgang Driever, Marc Fishman and collaborators, for sharing unpublished results. We enjoyed the visits of Alison Brownlie, Jau-Nian Chen, Nancy Hopkins, Corinne Houart, Shuo Lin, David Ransom, Thomas Schilling, Tanya Whitfield and Catherine Willet, who participated in the analysis of individual mutant classes. We also want to thank many undergraduate students from the Tübingen University for conscientious and efficient help in the maintenance and identification of fish, and Torsten Trowe, Rolf Karlstrom, Barbara Grunwald and Friedrich Bonhoeffer for pleasant and interesting conversations and collaborations. We thank the staff of our workshop for patience, \r\n Inventiveness and a very large number of fish containers. We thank Herwig Baier, Robert Geisler, Darren Gilmour,\r\nNancy Hopkins, Suresh Jesuthasan, Gerd Jürgens, Francisco Pelegri, Siegfried Roth, Stefan Schulte-Merker, Ralf Sommer, Daniel St Johnston and Tanya Whitfield, for many helpful suggestions on the manuscript; Robert Geisler for invaluable help with computers, cameras and colour printers, and the Tübingen fly group for interest, endless patience and support.","oa_version":"None","issue":"1","title":"The identification of genes with unique and essential functions in the development of the zebrafish, Danio rerio","quality_controlled":"1","scopus_import":"1","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"intvolume":"       123","publist_id":"1905","date_published":"1996-12-01T00:00:00Z","day":"01","publisher":"Company of Biologists","year":"1996","article_type":"original","pmid":1}