{"related_material":{"record":[{"status":"public","relation":"research_data","id":"14494"}]},"status":"public","title":"Land surface modeling in the Himalayas: On the importance of evaporative fluxes for the water balance of a high-elevation catchment","quality_controlled":"1","date_created":"2023-11-05T23:00:53Z","user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","oa":1,"oa_version":"Published Version","scopus_import":"1","publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","publication_status":"published","date_published":"2023-10-25T00:00:00Z","abstract":[{"text":"High Mountain Asia (HMA) is among the most vulnerable water towers globally and yet future projections of water availability in and from its high-mountain catchments remain uncertain, as their hydrologic response to ongoing environmental changes is complex. Mechanistic modeling approaches incorporating cryospheric, hydrological, and vegetation processes in high spatial, temporal, and physical detail have never been applied for high-elevation catchments of HMA. We use a land surface model at high spatial and temporal resolution (100 m and hourly) to simulate the coupled dynamics of energy, water, and vegetation for the 350 km2 Langtang catchment (Nepal). We compare our model outputs for one hydrological year against a large set of observations to gain insight into the partitioning of the water balance at the subseasonal scale and across elevation bands. During the simulated hydrological year, we find that evapotranspiration is a key component of the total water balance, as it causes about the equivalent of 20% of all the available precipitation or 154% of the water production from glacier melt in the basin to return directly to the atmosphere. The depletion of the cryospheric water budget is dominated by snow melt, but at high elevations is primarily dictated by snow and ice sublimation. Snow sublimation is the dominant vapor flux (49%) at the catchment scale, accounting for the equivalent of 11% of snowfall, 17% of snowmelt, and 75% of ice melt, respectively. We conclude that simulations should consider sublimation and other evaporative fluxes explicitly, as otherwise water balance estimates can be ill-quantified.","lang":"eng"}],"department":[{"_id":"FrPe"}],"day":"25","file":[{"date_updated":"2023-11-07T08:10:44Z","date_created":"2023-11-07T08:10:44Z","file_size":5554901,"success":1,"file_id":"14495","checksum":"7ba9c87228dc09029b16bc800a0ef1a1","relation":"main_file","access_level":"open_access","creator":"dernst","file_name":"2023_WaterResourcesResearch_Buri.pdf","content_type":"application/pdf"}],"type":"journal_article","license":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/","tmp":{"legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/legalcode","image":"/images/cc_by_nc_nd.png","name":"Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)","short":"CC BY-NC-ND (4.0)"},"date_updated":"2023-11-07T08:12:34Z","month":"10","article_processing_charge":"Yes (via OA deal)","file_date_updated":"2023-11-07T08:10:44Z","acknowledgement":"This project has received funding from the JSPS-SNSF (Japan Society for the Promotion of Science and Swiss National Science Foundation) Bilateral Programmes project (HOPE, High-ele-vation precipitation in High Mountain Asia; Grant 183633), and the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program (RAVEN, Rapid mass losses of debris-covered glaciers in High Mountain Asia; Grant 772751). We want to thank in particular T. Gurung, S. Joshi, J. Shea, W. Immerzeel, and others involved, as well as ICIMOD, for their efforts over the past years in observing the meteorology of the Langtang catchment, collecting and organizing the data and making them publicly available. We also thank the National Geographic Society (Grant NGS-61784R-19) and the Mount Everest Foundation (reference 19-24) for providing fieldwork funding for C. L. Fyffe. We thank T. Kramer for help with the WSL Hyperion cluster. We are grate-ful for comments by three anonymous reviewers and the Associate Editor, who greatly helped to improve the manuscript further. Open access funding provided by ETH-Bereich Forschungsanstalten.","ddc":["550"],"volume":59,"intvolume":"        59","year":"2023","article_type":"original","citation":{"ieee":"P. Buri <i>et al.</i>, “Land surface modeling in the Himalayas: On the importance of evaporative fluxes for the water balance of a high-elevation catchment,” <i>Water Resources Research</i>, vol. 59, no. 10. Wiley, 2023.","mla":"Buri, Pascal, et al. “Land Surface Modeling in the Himalayas: On the Importance of Evaporative Fluxes for the Water Balance of a High-Elevation Catchment.” <i>Water Resources Research</i>, vol. 59, no. 10, e2022WR033841, Wiley, 2023, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1029/2022WR033841\">10.1029/2022WR033841</a>.","short":"P. Buri, S. Fatichi, T. Shaw, E.S. Miles, M. McCarthy, C.L. Fyffe, S. Fugger, S. Ren, M. Kneib, A. Jouberton, J. Steiner, K. Fujita, F. Pellicciotti, Water Resources Research 59 (2023).","ama":"Buri P, Fatichi S, Shaw T, et al. Land surface modeling in the Himalayas: On the importance of evaporative fluxes for the water balance of a high-elevation catchment. <i>Water Resources Research</i>. 2023;59(10). doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1029/2022WR033841\">10.1029/2022WR033841</a>","ista":"Buri P, Fatichi S, Shaw T, Miles ES, McCarthy M, Fyffe CL, Fugger S, Ren S, Kneib M, Jouberton A, Steiner J, Fujita K, Pellicciotti F. 2023. Land surface modeling in the Himalayas: On the importance of evaporative fluxes for the water balance of a high-elevation catchment. Water Resources Research. 59(10), e2022WR033841.","chicago":"Buri, Pascal, Simone Fatichi, Thomas Shaw, Evan S. Miles, Michael McCarthy, Catriona Louise Fyffe, Stefan Fugger, et al. “Land Surface Modeling in the Himalayas: On the Importance of Evaporative Fluxes for the Water Balance of a High-Elevation Catchment.” <i>Water Resources Research</i>. Wiley, 2023. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1029/2022WR033841\">https://doi.org/10.1029/2022WR033841</a>.","apa":"Buri, P., Fatichi, S., Shaw, T., Miles, E. S., McCarthy, M., Fyffe, C. L., … Pellicciotti, F. (2023). Land surface modeling in the Himalayas: On the importance of evaporative fluxes for the water balance of a high-elevation catchment. <i>Water Resources Research</i>. Wiley. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1029/2022WR033841\">https://doi.org/10.1029/2022WR033841</a>"},"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"_id":"14487","article_number":"e2022WR033841","doi":"10.1029/2022WR033841","publication":"Water Resources Research","has_accepted_license":"1","author":[{"last_name":"Buri","first_name":"Pascal","full_name":"Buri, Pascal"},{"first_name":"Simone","last_name":"Fatichi","full_name":"Fatichi, Simone"},{"id":"3caa3f91-1f03-11ee-96ce-e0e553054d6e","full_name":"Shaw, Thomas","first_name":"Thomas","last_name":"Shaw"},{"last_name":"Miles","first_name":"Evan S.","full_name":"Miles, Evan S."},{"full_name":"Mccarthy, Michael","id":"22a2674a-61ce-11ee-94b5-d18813baf16f","first_name":"Michael","last_name":"Mccarthy"},{"id":"001b0422-8d15-11ed-bc51-cab6c037a228","full_name":"Fyffe, Catriona Louise","last_name":"Fyffe","first_name":"Catriona Louise"},{"last_name":"Fugger","first_name":"Stefan","full_name":"Fugger, Stefan"},{"last_name":"Ren","first_name":"Shaoting","full_name":"Ren, Shaoting"},{"first_name":"Marin","last_name":"Kneib","full_name":"Kneib, Marin"},{"first_name":"Achille","last_name":"Jouberton","full_name":"Jouberton, Achille"},{"last_name":"Steiner","first_name":"Jakob","full_name":"Steiner, Jakob"},{"last_name":"Fujita","first_name":"Koji","full_name":"Fujita, Koji"},{"full_name":"Pellicciotti, Francesca","id":"b28f055a-81ea-11ed-b70c-a9fe7f7b0e70","last_name":"Pellicciotti","first_name":"Francesca","orcid":"0000-0002-5554-8087"}],"publication_identifier":{"eissn":["1944-7973"],"issn":["0043-1397"]}}