{"intvolume":"        42","volume":42,"year":"2023","acknowledgement":"This research was funded in whole or in part by the Austrian Science Fund (FWF) (grant PT1013M03318 to F.L.). For the purpose of open access, the author has applied a CC BY public copyright license to any Author Accepted Manuscript version arising from this submission. The study was supported by the European Union Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Program under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie action (grant agreement 754411 to F.L.) and in part by the NextGenerationEU through the grant TAlent in ReSearch@University of Padua – STARS@UNIPD (to F.L.) (project BRAINCIP [brain criticality and information processing]). L.d.A. acknowledges support from the Italian MIUR project PRIN2017WZFTZP and partial support from NEXTGENERATIONEU (NGEU) funded by the Ministry of University and Research (MUR), National Recovery and Resilience Plan (NRRP), and project MNESYS (PE0000006)—a multiscale integrated approach to the study of the nervous system in health and disease (DN. 1553 11.10.2022). O.S. acknowledges support from the Israel Science Foundation, grant 504/17. The work was supported in part by DIRP ZIAMH02797 (to D.P.).","file_date_updated":"2024-01-30T14:07:08Z","isi":1,"project":[{"grant_number":"M03318","_id":"eb943429-77a9-11ec-83b8-9f471cdf5c67","name":"Functional Advantages of Critical Brain Dynamics"},{"call_identifier":"H2020","name":"ISTplus - Postdoctoral Fellowships","_id":"260C2330-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425","grant_number":"754411"}],"ddc":["570"],"author":[{"orcid":"0000-0003-2623-5249","first_name":"Fabrizio","last_name":"Lombardi","id":"A057D288-3E88-11E9-986D-0CF4E5697425","full_name":"Lombardi, Fabrizio"},{"full_name":"Herrmann, Hans J.","first_name":"Hans J.","last_name":"Herrmann"},{"full_name":"Parrino, Liborio","first_name":"Liborio","last_name":"Parrino"},{"full_name":"Plenz, Dietmar","last_name":"Plenz","first_name":"Dietmar"},{"full_name":"Scarpetta, Silvia","last_name":"Scarpetta","first_name":"Silvia"},{"full_name":"Vaudano, Anna Elisabetta","last_name":"Vaudano","first_name":"Anna Elisabetta"},{"first_name":"Lucilla","last_name":"De Arcangelis","full_name":"De Arcangelis, Lucilla"},{"first_name":"Oren","last_name":"Shriki","full_name":"Shriki, Oren"}],"has_accepted_license":"1","publication":"Cell Reports","doi":"10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113162","external_id":{"isi":["001086695500001"],"pmid":["37777965"]},"publication_identifier":{"eissn":["2211-1247"]},"article_type":"original","citation":{"mla":"Lombardi, Fabrizio, et al. “Beyond Pulsed Inhibition: Alpha Oscillations Modulate Attenuation and Amplification of Neural Activity in the Awake Resting State.” <i>Cell Reports</i>, vol. 42, no. 10, 113162, Elsevier, 2023, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113162\">10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113162</a>.","ieee":"F. Lombardi <i>et al.</i>, “Beyond pulsed inhibition: Alpha oscillations modulate attenuation and amplification of neural activity in the awake resting state,” <i>Cell Reports</i>, vol. 42, no. 10. Elsevier, 2023.","ama":"Lombardi F, Herrmann HJ, Parrino L, et al. Beyond pulsed inhibition: Alpha oscillations modulate attenuation and amplification of neural activity in the awake resting state. <i>Cell Reports</i>. 2023;42(10). doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113162\">10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113162</a>","chicago":"Lombardi, Fabrizio, Hans J. Herrmann, Liborio Parrino, Dietmar Plenz, Silvia Scarpetta, Anna Elisabetta Vaudano, Lucilla De Arcangelis, and Oren Shriki. “Beyond Pulsed Inhibition: Alpha Oscillations Modulate Attenuation and Amplification of Neural Activity in the Awake Resting State.” <i>Cell Reports</i>. Elsevier, 2023. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113162\">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113162</a>.","apa":"Lombardi, F., Herrmann, H. J., Parrino, L., Plenz, D., Scarpetta, S., Vaudano, A. E., … Shriki, O. (2023). Beyond pulsed inhibition: Alpha oscillations modulate attenuation and amplification of neural activity in the awake resting state. <i>Cell Reports</i>. Elsevier. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113162\">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113162</a>","ista":"Lombardi F, Herrmann HJ, Parrino L, Plenz D, Scarpetta S, Vaudano AE, De Arcangelis L, Shriki O. 2023. Beyond pulsed inhibition: Alpha oscillations modulate attenuation and amplification of neural activity in the awake resting state. Cell Reports. 42(10), 113162.","short":"F. Lombardi, H.J. Herrmann, L. Parrino, D. Plenz, S. Scarpetta, A.E. Vaudano, L. De Arcangelis, O. Shriki, Cell Reports 42 (2023)."},"ec_funded":1,"_id":"14402","article_number":"113162","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"oa_version":"Published Version","oa":1,"date_created":"2023-10-08T22:01:15Z","user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","publisher":"Elsevier","scopus_import":"1","title":"Beyond pulsed inhibition: Alpha oscillations modulate attenuation and amplification of neural activity in the awake resting state","quality_controlled":"1","status":"public","type":"journal_article","file":[{"date_updated":"2024-01-30T14:07:08Z","file_size":5599007,"date_created":"2024-01-30T14:07:08Z","success":1,"file_id":"14914","checksum":"9c71eb2a03aa160415f01ad95f49ceb5","relation":"main_file","creator":"dernst","access_level":"open_access","file_name":"2023_CellReports_Lombardi.pdf","content_type":"application/pdf"}],"day":"31","article_processing_charge":"Yes","month":"10","date_updated":"2024-01-30T14:07:40Z","pmid":1,"tmp":{"image":"/images/cc_by.png","name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)","short":"CC BY (4.0)","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode"},"date_published":"2023-10-31T00:00:00Z","publication_status":"published","issue":"10","department":[{"_id":"GaTk"}],"abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"Alpha oscillations are a distinctive feature of the awake resting state of the human brain. However, their functional role in resting-state neuronal dynamics remains poorly understood. Here we show that, during resting wakefulness, alpha oscillations drive an alternation of attenuation and amplification bouts in neural activity. Our analysis indicates that inhibition is activated in pulses that last for a single alpha cycle and gradually suppress neural activity, while excitation is successively enhanced over a few alpha cycles to amplify neural activity. Furthermore, we show that long-term alpha amplitude fluctuations—the “waxing and waning” phenomenon—are an attenuation-amplification mechanism described by a power-law decay of the activity rate in the “waning” phase. Importantly, we do not observe such dynamics during non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep with marginal alpha oscillations. The results suggest that alpha oscillations modulate neural activity not only through pulses of inhibition (pulsed inhibition hypothesis) but also by timely enhancement of excitation (or disinhibition)."}]}