{"date_updated":"2023-08-14T11:47:06Z","day":"15","year":"2023","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"intvolume":"       613","publication_identifier":{"issn":["0169-4332"]},"article_type":"original","doi":"10.1016/j.apsusc.2022.156101","publication":"Applied Surface Science","keyword":["Surfaces","Coatings and Films","Condensed Matter Physics","Surfaces and Interfaces","General Physics and Astronomy","General Chemistry"],"oa_version":"None","isi":1,"user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","publisher":"Elsevier","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"The power factor of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) film can be significantly improved by optimizing the oxidation level of the film in oxidation and reduction processes. However, precise control over the oxidation and reduction effects in PEDOT:PSS remains a challenge, which greatly sacrifices both S and σ. Here, we propose a two-step post-treatment using a mixture of ethylene glycol (EG) and Arginine (Arg) and sulfuric acid (H2SO4) in sequence to engineer high-performance PEDOT:PSS thermoelectric films. The high-polarity EG dopant removes the excess non-ionized PSS and induces benzenoid-to-quinoid conformational change in the PEDOT:PSS films. In particular, basic amino acid Arg tunes the oxidation level of PEDOT:PSS and prevents the films from over-oxidation during H2SO4 post-treatment, leading to increased S. The following H2SO4 post-treatment further induces highly orientated lamellar stacking microstructures to increase σ, yielding a maximum power factor of 170.6 μW m−1 K−2 at 460 K. Moreover, a novel trigonal-shape thermoelectric device is designed and assembled by the as-prepared PEDOT:PSS films in order to harvest heat via a vertical temperature gradient. An output power density of 33 μW cm−2 is generated at a temperature difference of 40 K, showing the potential application for low-grade wearable electronic devices."}],"external_id":{"isi":["000911497000001"]},"status":"public","_id":"12113","volume":613,"publication_status":"epub_ahead","quality_controlled":"1","department":[{"_id":"MaIb"}],"type":"journal_article","article_processing_charge":"No","title":"Two-step post-treatment to deliver high performance thermoelectric device with vertical temperature gradient","date_published":"2023-03-15T00:00:00Z","date_created":"2023-01-12T11:55:02Z","acknowledgement":"Scientific Research Program Funded by Shaanxi Provincial Education Department (Program No.22JY012), Natural Science Basic Research Program of Shaanxi (Grant No.2022JZ-31), Young Talent fund of University Association for Science and Technology in Shaanxi, China (Grant No.20210411), China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (Grant No. 2021M692621), the Foundation of Shaanxi University of Science & Technology (Grant No. 2017GBJ-03), Open Foundation of Key Laboratory of Auxiliary Chemistry and Technology for Chemical Industry, Ministry of Education, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology (Grant No. KFKT2022-15), and Open Foundation of Shaanxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Industrial Auxiliary Chemistry and Technology, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology (Grant No. KFKT2022-15).","scopus_import":"1","article_number":"156101","author":[{"last_name":"Zhang","first_name":"Li","full_name":"Zhang, Li"},{"first_name":"Xingyu","last_name":"Liu","full_name":"Liu, Xingyu"},{"first_name":"Ting","last_name":"Wu","full_name":"Wu, Ting"},{"full_name":"Xu, Shengduo","last_name":"Xu","first_name":"Shengduo","id":"12ab8624-4c8a-11ec-9e11-e1ac2438f22f"},{"last_name":"Suo","first_name":"Guoquan","full_name":"Suo, Guoquan"},{"last_name":"Ye","first_name":"Xiaohui","full_name":"Ye, Xiaohui"},{"first_name":"Xiaojiang","last_name":"Hou","full_name":"Hou, Xiaojiang"},{"full_name":"Yang, Yanling","last_name":"Yang","first_name":"Yanling"},{"first_name":"Qingfeng","last_name":"Liu","full_name":"Liu, Qingfeng"},{"full_name":"Wang, Hongqiang","first_name":"Hongqiang","last_name":"Wang"}],"month":"03","citation":{"short":"L. Zhang, X. Liu, T. Wu, S. Xu, G. Suo, X. Ye, X. Hou, Y. Yang, Q. Liu, H. Wang, Applied Surface Science 613 (2023).","apa":"Zhang, L., Liu, X., Wu, T., Xu, S., Suo, G., Ye, X., … Wang, H. (2023). Two-step post-treatment to deliver high performance thermoelectric device with vertical temperature gradient. <i>Applied Surface Science</i>. Elsevier. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2022.156101\">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2022.156101</a>","mla":"Zhang, Li, et al. “Two-Step Post-Treatment to Deliver High Performance Thermoelectric Device with Vertical Temperature Gradient.” <i>Applied Surface Science</i>, vol. 613, 156101, Elsevier, 2023, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2022.156101\">10.1016/j.apsusc.2022.156101</a>.","ieee":"L. Zhang <i>et al.</i>, “Two-step post-treatment to deliver high performance thermoelectric device with vertical temperature gradient,” <i>Applied Surface Science</i>, vol. 613. Elsevier, 2023.","ista":"Zhang L, Liu X, Wu T, Xu S, Suo G, Ye X, Hou X, Yang Y, Liu Q, Wang H. 2023. Two-step post-treatment to deliver high performance thermoelectric device with vertical temperature gradient. Applied Surface Science. 613, 156101.","ama":"Zhang L, Liu X, Wu T, et al. Two-step post-treatment to deliver high performance thermoelectric device with vertical temperature gradient. <i>Applied Surface Science</i>. 2023;613. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2022.156101\">10.1016/j.apsusc.2022.156101</a>","chicago":"Zhang, Li, Xingyu Liu, Ting Wu, Shengduo Xu, Guoquan Suo, Xiaohui Ye, Xiaojiang Hou, Yanling Yang, Qingfeng Liu, and Hongqiang Wang. “Two-Step Post-Treatment to Deliver High Performance Thermoelectric Device with Vertical Temperature Gradient.” <i>Applied Surface Science</i>. Elsevier, 2023. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2022.156101\">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2022.156101</a>."}}