[{"researchdata_availability":"unclear","volume":34,"acknowledgement":"We are sincerely grateful to the referees for their valuable comments and suggestions, which helped us to improve the paper. We are thankful to Jorgen Eilenberg and Nicolai V. Meyling for the fungal strain, to Simon Tragust, Abel Bernadou, and Brian Lazarro for insightful discussions, to Iago Sanmartín-Villar, Léa Briard, Céline Maitrel, and Nolwenn Rissen for their help with the experiments. Furthermore, we thank Anna V. Grasse for help with the immune gene expression analyses. We thank Sergio Ibarra for creating the graphical abstract. E.C. was supported by a Fyssen Foundation grant and the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation. A.D. was supported by the CNRS.","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"In animals, parasitic infections impose significant fitness costs.1,2,3,4,5,6 Infected animals can alter their feeding behavior to resist infection,7,8,9,10,11,12 but parasites can manipulate animal foraging behavior to their own benefits.13,14,15,16 How nutrition influences host-parasite interactions is not well understood, as studies have mainly focused on the host and less on the parasite.9,12,17,18,19,20,21,22,23 We used the nutritional geometry framework24 to investigate the role of amino acids (AA) and carbohydrates (C) in a host-parasite system: the Argentine ant, Linepithema humile, and the entomopathogenic fungus, Metarhizium brunneum. First, using 18 diets varying in AA:C composition, we established that the fungus performed best on the high-amino-acid diet 1:4. Second, we found that the fungus reached this optimal diet when given various diet pairings, revealing its ability to cope with nutritional challenges. Third, we showed that the optimal fungal diet reduced the lifespan of healthy ants when compared with a high-carbohydrate diet but had no effect on infected ants. Fourth, we revealed that infected ant colonies, given a choice between the optimal fungal diet and a high-carbohydrate diet, chose the optimal fungal diet, whereas healthy colonies avoided it. Lastly, by disentangling fungal infection from host immune response, we demonstrated that infected ants foraged on the optimal fungal diet in response to immune activation and not as a result of parasite manipulation. Therefore, we revealed that infected ant colonies chose a diet that is costly for survival in the long term but beneficial in the short term—a form of collective self-medication."}],"day":"26","doi":"10.1016/j.cub.2024.01.017","external_id":{"pmid":["38307022"]},"year":"2024","citation":{"ista":"Csata E, Perez-Escudero A, Laury E, Leitner H, Latil G, Heinze J, Simpson S, Cremer S, Dussutour A. 2024. Fungal infection alters collective nutritional intake of ant colonies. Current Biology. 34(4), 902–909.e6.","mla":"Csata, Eniko, et al. “Fungal Infection Alters Collective Nutritional Intake of Ant Colonies.” <i>Current Biology</i>, vol. 34, no. 4, Elsevier, 2024, p. 902–909.e6, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2024.01.017\">10.1016/j.cub.2024.01.017</a>.","short":"E. Csata, A. Perez-Escudero, E. Laury, H. Leitner, G. Latil, J. Heinze, S. Simpson, S. Cremer, A. Dussutour, Current Biology 34 (2024) 902–909.e6.","chicago":"Csata, Eniko, Alfonso Perez-Escudero, Emmanuel Laury, Hanna Leitner, Gerard Latil, Juerge Heinze, Stephen Simpson, Sylvia Cremer, and Audrey Dussutour. “Fungal Infection Alters Collective Nutritional Intake of Ant Colonies.” <i>Current Biology</i>. Elsevier, 2024. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2024.01.017\">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2024.01.017</a>.","ieee":"E. Csata <i>et al.</i>, “Fungal infection alters collective nutritional intake of ant colonies,” <i>Current Biology</i>, vol. 34, no. 4. Elsevier, p. 902–909.e6, 2024.","ama":"Csata E, Perez-Escudero A, Laury E, et al. Fungal infection alters collective nutritional intake of ant colonies. <i>Current Biology</i>. 2024;34(4):902-909.e6. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2024.01.017\">10.1016/j.cub.2024.01.017</a>","apa":"Csata, E., Perez-Escudero, A., Laury, E., Leitner, H., Latil, G., Heinze, J., … Dussutour, A. (2024). Fungal infection alters collective nutritional intake of ant colonies. <i>Current Biology</i>. Elsevier. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2024.01.017\">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2024.01.017</a>"},"date_updated":"2026-03-18T11:15:21Z","article_type":"original","publisher":"Elsevier","quality_controlled":"1","page":"902-909.e6","intvolume":"        34","title":"Fungal infection alters collective nutritional intake of ant colonies","date_created":"2023-10-31T13:30:20Z","article_processing_charge":"No","department":[{"_id":"SyCr"}],"publication_status":"published","issue":"4","dataavailabilitystatement":"no DAS","author":[{"last_name":"Csata","first_name":"Eniko","full_name":"Csata, Eniko"},{"last_name":"Perez-Escudero","first_name":"Alfonso","full_name":"Perez-Escudero, Alfonso"},{"first_name":"Emmanuel","last_name":"Laury","full_name":"Laury, Emmanuel"},{"id":"8fc5c6f6-5903-11ec-abad-c83f046253e7","full_name":"Leitner, Hanna","last_name":"Leitner","first_name":"Hanna"},{"full_name":"Latil, Gerard","first_name":"Gerard","last_name":"Latil"},{"full_name":"Heinze, Juerge","last_name":"Heinze","first_name":"Juerge"},{"full_name":"Simpson, Stephen","first_name":"Stephen","last_name":"Simpson"},{"id":"2F64EC8C-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","full_name":"Cremer, Sylvia","orcid":"0000-0002-2193-3868","last_name":"Cremer","first_name":"Sylvia"},{"full_name":"Dussutour, Audrey","last_name":"Dussutour","first_name":"Audrey"}],"scopus_import":"1","pmid":1,"_id":"14479","supplementarymaterial":"yes","status":"public","user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","main_file_link":[{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2023.10.26.564092","open_access":"1"}],"oa":1,"publication_identifier":{"eissn":["1879-0445"],"issn":["0960-9822"],"issnl":["1234-5678"]},"type":"journal_article","date_published":"2024-02-26T00:00:00Z","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"month":"02","oa_version":"Preprint","publication":"Current Biology"},{"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"ec_funded":1,"title":"Frequent horizontal chromosome transfer between asexual fungal insect pathogens","month":"09","publication_status":"submitted","oa_version":"Preprint","article_processing_charge":"No","date_created":"2023-10-31T13:30:00Z","project":[{"_id":"2649B4DE-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425","call_identifier":"H2020","grant_number":"771402","name":"Epidemics in ant societies on a chip"}],"department":[{"_id":"SyCr"}],"author":[{"full_name":"Habig, Michael","last_name":"Habig","first_name":"Michael"},{"full_name":"Grasse, Anna V","first_name":"Anna V","last_name":"Grasse","id":"406F989C-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87"},{"full_name":"Müller, Judith","first_name":"Judith","last_name":"Müller"},{"full_name":"Stukenbrock, Eva H.","first_name":"Eva H.","last_name":"Stukenbrock"},{"id":"8fc5c6f6-5903-11ec-abad-c83f046253e7","full_name":"Leitner, Hanna","first_name":"Hanna","last_name":"Leitner"},{"full_name":"Cremer, Sylvia","orcid":"0000-0002-2193-3868","last_name":"Cremer","first_name":"Sylvia","id":"2F64EC8C-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87"}],"_id":"14478","publication":"bioRxiv","status":"public","user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","acknowledgement":"We thank Bernhardt Steinwender, Jorgen Eilenberg and Nicolai V. Meyling for the fungal strains. We further thank Chengshu Wang for providing the short sequencing reads for M. guizhouense ARESF977 he used for his published genome assembly, and Kristian Ullrich for help in the bioinformatics analysis for methylation pattern in Nanopore reads, and the Vienna BioCenter and the Max Planck Society for the use of their sequencing centers. We thank Barbara Milutinović and Hinrich Schulenburg for discussion, and Tal Dagan and Jens Rolff for comments on a previous version of the manuscript. Fig1 A was created with BioRender.com. This study received funding by the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme (No. 771402; EPIDEMICSonCHIP) to S.C. and by the German Research Foundation (DFG grant HA9263/1-1) to M.H.","main_file_link":[{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2023.09.18.558174","open_access":"1"}],"abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"Entire chromosomes are typically only transmitted vertically from one generation to the next. The horizontal transfer of such chromosomes has long been considered improbable, yet gained recent support in several pathogenic fungi where it may affect the fitness or host specificity. To date, it is unknown how these transfers occur, how common they are and whether they can occur between different species. In this study, we show multiple independent instances of horizontal transfers of the same accessory chromosome between two distinct strains of the asexual entomopathogenic fungus<jats:italic>Metarhizium robertsii</jats:italic>during experimental co-infection of its insect host, the Argentine ant. Notably, only the one chromosome – but no other – was transferred from the donor to the recipient strain. The recipient strain, now harboring the accessory chromosome, exhibited a competitive advantage under certain host conditions. By phylogenetic analysis we further demonstrate that the same accessory chromosome was horizontally transferred in a natural environment between<jats:italic>M. robertsii</jats:italic>and another congeneric insect pathogen,<jats:italic>M. guizhouense</jats:italic>. Hence horizontal chromosome transfer is not limited to the observed frequent events within species during experimental infections but also occurs naturally across species. The transferred accessory chromosome contains genes that might be involved in its preferential horizontal transfer, encoding putative histones and histone-modifying enzymes, but also putative virulence factors that may support its establishment. Our study reveals that both intra- and interspecies horizontal transfer of entire chromosomes is more frequent than previously assumed, likely representing a not uncommon mechanism for gene exchange.</jats:p><jats:sec><jats:title>Significance Statement</jats:title><jats:p>The enormous success of bacterial pathogens has been attributed to their ability to exchange genetic material between one another. Similarly, in eukaryotes, horizontal transfer of genetic material allowed the spread of virulence factors across species. The horizontal transfer of whole chromosomes could be an important pathway for such exchange of genetic material, but little is known about the origin of transferable chromosomes and how frequently they are exchanged. Here, we show that the transfer of accessory chromosomes - chromosomes that are non-essential but may provide fitness benefits - is common during fungal co-infections and is even possible between distant pathogenic species, highlighting the importance of horizontal gene transfer via chromosome transfer also for the evolution and function of eukaryotic pathogens."}],"oa":1,"doi":"10.1101/2023.09.18.558174","day":"19","date_published":"2023-09-19T00:00:00Z","type":"preprint","date_updated":"2023-11-07T11:20:54Z","citation":{"ieee":"M. Habig, A. V. Grasse, J. Müller, E. H. Stukenbrock, H. Leitner, and S. Cremer, “Frequent horizontal chromosome transfer between asexual fungal insect pathogens,” <i>bioRxiv</i>. .","chicago":"Habig, Michael, Anna V Grasse, Judith Müller, Eva H. Stukenbrock, Hanna Leitner, and Sylvia Cremer. “Frequent Horizontal Chromosome Transfer between Asexual Fungal Insect Pathogens.” <i>BioRxiv</i>, n.d. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1101/2023.09.18.558174\">https://doi.org/10.1101/2023.09.18.558174</a>.","apa":"Habig, M., Grasse, A. V., Müller, J., Stukenbrock, E. H., Leitner, H., &#38; Cremer, S. (n.d.). Frequent horizontal chromosome transfer between asexual fungal insect pathogens. <i>bioRxiv</i>. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1101/2023.09.18.558174\">https://doi.org/10.1101/2023.09.18.558174</a>","ama":"Habig M, Grasse AV, Müller J, Stukenbrock EH, Leitner H, Cremer S. Frequent horizontal chromosome transfer between asexual fungal insect pathogens. <i>bioRxiv</i>. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1101/2023.09.18.558174\">10.1101/2023.09.18.558174</a>","ista":"Habig M, Grasse AV, Müller J, Stukenbrock EH, Leitner H, Cremer S. Frequent horizontal chromosome transfer between asexual fungal insect pathogens. bioRxiv, <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1101/2023.09.18.558174\">10.1101/2023.09.18.558174</a>.","mla":"Habig, Michael, et al. “Frequent Horizontal Chromosome Transfer between Asexual Fungal Insect Pathogens.” <i>BioRxiv</i>, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1101/2023.09.18.558174\">10.1101/2023.09.18.558174</a>.","short":"M. Habig, A.V. Grasse, J. Müller, E.H. Stukenbrock, H. Leitner, S. Cremer, BioRxiv (n.d.)."},"year":"2023"},{"ddc":["570"],"volume":14,"acknowledgement":"We thank Mike Bidochka for the fungal strains, the ISTA Social Immunity Team for ant collection, Hanna Leitner for experimental and molecular support, Jennifer Robb and Lukas Lindorfer for microscopy, and the LabSupport Facility at ISTA for general laboratory support. We further thank Victor Mireles, Iain Couzin, Fabian Theis and the Social Immunity Team for continued feedback throughout, and Michael Sixt, Yuko Ulrich, Koos Boomsma, Erika Dawson, Megan Kutzer and Hinrich Schulenburg for comments on the manuscript. This project has received funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program (Grant No. 771402; EPIDEMICSonCHIP) to SC, from the Scientific Grant Agency of the Slovak Republic (Grant No. 1/0521/20) to KB, and the Human Frontier Science Program (Grant No. RGP0065/2012) to GT.","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"Cooperative disease defense emerges as group-level collective behavior, yet how group members make the underlying individual decisions is poorly understood. Using garden ants and fungal pathogens as an experimental model, we derive the rules governing individual ant grooming choices and show how they produce colony-level hygiene. Time-resolved behavioral analysis, pathogen quantification, and probabilistic modeling reveal that ants increase grooming and preferentially target highly-infectious individuals when perceiving high pathogen load, but transiently suppress grooming after having been groomed by nestmates. Ants thus react to both, the infectivity of others and the social feedback they receive on their own contagiousness. While inferred solely from momentary ant decisions, these behavioral rules quantitatively predict hour-long experimental dynamics, and synergistically combine into efficient colony-wide pathogen removal. Our analyses show that noisy individual decisions based on only local, incomplete, yet dynamically-updated information on pathogen threat and social feedback can lead to potent collective disease defense."}],"day":"03","doi":"10.1038/s41467-023-38947-y","external_id":{"isi":["001002562700005"],"pmid":["37270641"]},"isi":1,"year":"2023","citation":{"ista":"Casillas Perez BE, Bodova K, Grasse AV, Tkačik G, Cremer S. 2023. Dynamic pathogen detection and social feedback shape collective hygiene in ants. Nature Communications. 14, 3232.","short":"B.E. Casillas Perez, K. Bodova, A.V. Grasse, G. Tkačik, S. Cremer, Nature Communications 14 (2023).","mla":"Casillas Perez, Barbara E., et al. “Dynamic Pathogen Detection and Social Feedback Shape Collective Hygiene in Ants.” <i>Nature Communications</i>, vol. 14, 3232, Springer Nature, 2023, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-38947-y\">10.1038/s41467-023-38947-y</a>.","ieee":"B. E. Casillas Perez, K. Bodova, A. V. Grasse, G. Tkačik, and S. Cremer, “Dynamic pathogen detection and social feedback shape collective hygiene in ants,” <i>Nature Communications</i>, vol. 14. Springer Nature, 2023.","chicago":"Casillas Perez, Barbara E, Katarina Bodova, Anna V Grasse, Gašper Tkačik, and Sylvia Cremer. “Dynamic Pathogen Detection and Social Feedback Shape Collective Hygiene in Ants.” <i>Nature Communications</i>. Springer Nature, 2023. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-38947-y\">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-38947-y</a>.","apa":"Casillas Perez, B. E., Bodova, K., Grasse, A. V., Tkačik, G., &#38; Cremer, S. (2023). Dynamic pathogen detection and social feedback shape collective hygiene in ants. <i>Nature Communications</i>. Springer Nature. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-38947-y\">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-38947-y</a>","ama":"Casillas Perez BE, Bodova K, Grasse AV, Tkačik G, Cremer S. Dynamic pathogen detection and social feedback shape collective hygiene in ants. <i>Nature Communications</i>. 2023;14. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-38947-y\">10.1038/s41467-023-38947-y</a>"},"date_updated":"2023-08-07T13:09:09Z","article_type":"original","publisher":"Springer Nature","file_date_updated":"2023-06-13T08:05:46Z","ec_funded":1,"quality_controlled":"1","intvolume":"        14","title":"Dynamic pathogen detection and social feedback shape collective hygiene in ants","article_processing_charge":"Yes","department":[{"_id":"SyCr"},{"_id":"GaTk"}],"date_created":"2023-06-11T22:00:40Z","publication_status":"published","author":[{"id":"351ED2AA-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","full_name":"Casillas Perez, Barbara E","first_name":"Barbara E","last_name":"Casillas Perez"},{"id":"2BA24EA0-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","first_name":"Katarína","last_name":"Bod'Ová","orcid":"0000-0002-7214-0171","full_name":"Bod'Ová, Katarína"},{"full_name":"Grasse, Anna V","first_name":"Anna V","last_name":"Grasse","id":"406F989C-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87"},{"id":"3D494DCA-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","first_name":"Gašper","last_name":"Tkačik","orcid":"0000-0002-6699-1455","full_name":"Tkačik, Gašper"},{"full_name":"Cremer, Sylvia","orcid":"0000-0002-2193-3868","last_name":"Cremer","first_name":"Sylvia","id":"2F64EC8C-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87"}],"license":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","scopus_import":"1","_id":"13127","pmid":1,"related_material":{"record":[{"status":"public","relation":"research_data","id":"12945"}]},"status":"public","user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","file":[{"success":1,"access_level":"open_access","relation":"main_file","file_id":"13132","creator":"dernst","date_created":"2023-06-13T08:05:46Z","file_size":2358167,"checksum":"4af0393e3ed47b3fc46e68b81c3c1007","date_updated":"2023-06-13T08:05:46Z","content_type":"application/pdf","file_name":"2023_NatureComm_CasillasPerez.pdf"}],"oa":1,"publication_identifier":{"eissn":["2041-1723"]},"type":"journal_article","date_published":"2023-06-03T00:00:00Z","tmp":{"legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","short":"CC BY (4.0)","image":"/images/cc_by.png","name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)"},"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"article_number":"3232","month":"06","project":[{"_id":"2649B4DE-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425","call_identifier":"H2020","name":"Epidemics in ant societies on a chip","grant_number":"771402"},{"name":"Information processing and computation in fish groups","grant_number":"RGP0065/2012","_id":"255008E4-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425"}],"oa_version":"Published Version","acknowledged_ssus":[{"_id":"LifeSc"}],"has_accepted_license":"1","publication":"Nature Communications"},{"month":"08","acknowledged_ssus":[{"_id":"LifeSc"}],"oa_version":"Published Version","has_accepted_license":"1","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"supervisor":[{"id":"2F64EC8C-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","last_name":"Cremer","first_name":"Sylvia","full_name":"Cremer, Sylvia","orcid":"0000-0002-2193-3868"}],"publication_identifier":{"issn":["2663 - 337X"],"isbn":["978-3-99078-034-3"]},"date_published":"2023-08-08T00:00:00Z","type":"dissertation","status":"public","user_id":"8b945eb4-e2f2-11eb-945a-df72226e66a9","file":[{"embargo":"2024-08-08","date_created":"2023-08-08T18:01:28Z","embargo_to":"open_access","checksum":"27220243d5d51c3b0d7d61c0879d7a0c","file_size":10797612,"date_updated":"2024-03-01T08:51:42Z","file_name":"Thesis_AnnaFranschitz_202308.pdf","content_type":"application/pdf","relation":"main_file","access_level":"closed","file_id":"13986","creator":"afransch"},{"file_id":"13987","creator":"afransch","relation":"source_file","access_level":"closed","date_updated":"2023-08-09T07:25:27Z","content_type":"application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.wordprocessingml.document","file_name":"Thesis_AnnaFranschitz_202308.docx","date_created":"2023-08-08T18:02:25Z","file_size":2619085,"checksum":"40abf7ccca14a3893f72dc7fb88585d6"},{"file_name":"Addendum_AnnaFranschitz202402.pdf","content_type":"application/pdf","date_updated":"2024-03-01T12:13:29Z","title":"Addendum","embargo_to":"open_access","file_size":85956,"checksum":"8b991ecc2d59d045cc3cf0d676785ec7","embargo":"2024-08-08","date_created":"2024-03-01T08:37:15Z","creator":"cchlebak","file_id":"15042","relation":"erratum","access_level":"closed","description":"Minor modifications and clarifications - Feb 2024"},{"relation":"source_file","access_level":"closed","creator":"cchlebak","file_id":"15043","title":"Addendum - source file","file_size":11818,"checksum":"66745aa01f960f17472c024875c049ed","date_created":"2024-03-01T08:39:20Z","content_type":"application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.wordprocessingml.document","file_name":"Addendum_AnnaFranschitz202402.docx","date_updated":"2024-03-01T08:51:42Z"},{"file_id":"15044","creator":"cchlebak","relation":"other","access_level":"closed","description":"For printing purposes","date_updated":"2024-03-01T12:58:14Z","content_type":"application/pdf","file_name":"Print_Version_Franschitz_Anna_Thesis.pdf","date_created":"2024-03-01T08:56:06Z","title":"Print Version","file_size":10416761,"checksum":"55c876b73d49db15228a7f571592ec77"}],"title":"Individual and social immunity against viral infections in ants","alternative_title":["ISTA Thesis"],"publication_status":"published","article_processing_charge":"No","date_created":"2023-08-08T15:33:29Z","department":[{"_id":"GradSch"},{"_id":"SyCr"}],"author":[{"id":"480826C8-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","first_name":"Anna","last_name":"Franschitz","full_name":"Franschitz, Anna"}],"_id":"13984","publisher":"Institute of Science and Technology Austria","file_date_updated":"2024-03-01T12:58:14Z","page":"89","abstract":[{"text":"Social insects fight disease using their individual immune systems and the cooperative\r\nsanitary behaviors of colony members. These social defenses are well explored against\r\nexternally-infecting pathogens, but little is known about defense strategies against\r\ninternally-infecting pathogens, such as viruses. Viruses are ubiquitous and in the last decades\r\nit has become evident that also many ant species harbor viruses. We present one of the first\r\nstudies addressing transmission dynamics and collective disease defenses against viruses in\r\nants on a mechanistic level. I successfully established an experimental ant host – viral\r\npathogen system as a model for the defense strategies used by social insects against internal\r\npathogen infections, as outlined in the third chapter. In particular, we studied how garden ants\r\n(Lasius neglectus) defend themselves and their colonies against the generalist insect virus\r\nCrPV (cricket paralysis virus). We chose microinjections of virus directly into the ants’\r\nhemolymph because it allowed us to use a defined exposure dose. Here we show that this is a\r\ngood model system, as the virus is replicating and thus infecting the host. The ants mount a\r\nclear individual immune response against the viral infection, which is characterized by a\r\nspecific siRNA pattern, namely siRNAs mapping against the viral genome with a peak of 21\r\nand 22 bp long fragments. The onset of this immune response is consistent with the timeline\r\nof viral replication that starts already within two days post injection. The disease manifests in\r\ndecreased survival over a course of two to three weeks.\r\nRegarding group living, we find that infected ants show a strong individual immune response,\r\nbut that their course of disease is little affected by nestmate presence, as described in chapter\r\nfour. Hence, we do not find social immunity in the context of viral infections in ants.\r\nNestmates, however, can contract the virus. Using Drosophila S2R+ cells in culture, we\r\nshowed that 94 % of the nestmates contract active virus within four days of social contact to\r\nan infected individual. Virus is transmitted in low doses, thus not causing disease\r\ntransmission within the colony. While virus can be transmitted during short direct contacts,\r\nwe also assume transmission from deceased ants and show that the nestmates’ immune\r\nsystem gets activated after contracting a low viral dose. We find considerable potential for\r\nindirect transmission via the nest space. Virus is shed to the nest, where it stays viable for one\r\nweek and is also picked up by other ants. Apart from that, we want to underline the potential\r\nof ant poison as antiviral agent. We determined that ant poison successfully inactivates CrPV\r\nin vitro. However, we found no evidence for effective poison use to sanitize the nest space.\r\nOn the other hand, local application of ant poison by oral poison uptake, which is part of the\r\nants prophylactic behavioral repertoire, probably contributes to keeping the gut of each\r\nindividual sanitized. We hypothesize that oral poison uptake might be the reason why we did\r\nnot find viable virus in the trophallactic fluid.\r\nThe fifth chapter encompasses preliminary data on potential social immunization. However,\r\nour experiments do not confirm an actual survival benefit for the nestmates upon pathogen\r\nchallenge under the given experimental settings. Nevertheless, we do not want to rule out the\r\npossibility for nestmate immunization, but rather emphasize that considering different\r\nexperimental timelines and viral doses would provide a multitude of options for follow-up\r\nexperiments.\r\nIn conclusion, we find that prophylactic individual behaviors, such as oral poison uptake,\r\nmight play a role in preventing viral disease transmission. Compared to colony defense\r\nagainst external pathogens, internal pathogen infections require a stronger component of\r\nindividual physiological immunity than behavioral social immunity, yet could still lead to\r\ncollective protection.","lang":"eng"}],"doi":"10.15479/at:ista:13984","degree_awarded":"PhD","day":"08","date_updated":"2024-03-01T15:25:17Z","citation":{"ista":"Franschitz A. 2023. Individual and social immunity against viral infections in ants. Institute of Science and Technology Austria.","mla":"Franschitz, Anna. <i>Individual and Social Immunity against Viral Infections in Ants</i>. Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2023, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.15479/at:ista:13984\">10.15479/at:ista:13984</a>.","short":"A. Franschitz, Individual and Social Immunity against Viral Infections in Ants, Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2023.","ieee":"A. Franschitz, “Individual and social immunity against viral infections in ants,” Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2023.","chicago":"Franschitz, Anna. “Individual and Social Immunity against Viral Infections in Ants.” Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2023. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.15479/at:ista:13984\">https://doi.org/10.15479/at:ista:13984</a>.","apa":"Franschitz, A. (2023). <i>Individual and social immunity against viral infections in ants</i>. Institute of Science and Technology Austria. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.15479/at:ista:13984\">https://doi.org/10.15479/at:ista:13984</a>","ama":"Franschitz A. Individual and social immunity against viral infections in ants. 2023. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.15479/at:ista:13984\">10.15479/at:ista:13984</a>"},"year":"2023","ddc":["570","577"]},{"volume":14,"acknowledgement":"We thank D.J. Obbard for sharing the details of the dual RNA-seq/sRNA-seq approach, S.\r\nMetzler and R. Ferrigato for the photographs (Figure 1), M. Konrad, B. Casillas-Perez, C.D.\r\nPull and X. Espadaler for help with ant collection, and the Social Immunity Team at IST\r\nAustria, in particular J. Robb, A. Franschitz, E. Naderlinger, E. Dawson and B. Casillas-Perez\r\nfor support and comments on the manuscript. The study was funded by the Austrian Science\r\nFund (FWF; M02076-B25 to MAF) and the Academy of Finland (343022 to LV). ","ddc":["570"],"doi":"10.3389/fmicb.2023.1119002","day":"16","abstract":[{"text":"Hosts can carry many viruses in their bodies, but not all of them cause disease. We studied ants as a social host to determine both their overall viral repertoire and the subset of actively infecting viruses across natural populations of three subfamilies: the Argentine ant (Linepithema humile, Dolichoderinae), the invasive garden ant (Lasius neglectus, Formicinae) and the red ant (Myrmica rubra, Myrmicinae). We used a dual sequencing strategy to reconstruct complete virus genomes by RNA-seq and to simultaneously determine the small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) by small RNA sequencing (sRNA-seq), which constitute the host antiviral RNAi immune response. This approach led to the discovery of 41 novel viruses in ants and revealed a host ant-specific RNAi response (21 vs. 22 nt siRNAs) in the different ant species. The efficiency of the RNAi response (sRNA/RNA read count ratio) depended on the virus and the respective ant species, but not its population. Overall, we found the highest virus abundance and diversity per population in Li. humile, followed by La. neglectus and M. rubra. Argentine ants also shared a high proportion of viruses between populations, whilst overlap was nearly absent in M. rubra. Only one of the 59 viruses was found to infect two of the ant species as hosts, revealing high host-specificity in active infections. In contrast, six viruses actively infected one ant species, but were found as contaminants only in the others. Disentangling spillover of disease-causing infection from non-infecting contamination across species is providing relevant information for disease ecology and ecosystem management.","lang":"eng"}],"date_updated":"2023-08-01T12:39:58Z","year":"2023","citation":{"ama":"Viljakainen L, Fürst M, Grasse AV, et al. Antiviral immune response reveals host-specific virus infections in natural ant populations. <i>Frontiers in Microbiology</i>. 2023;14. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2023.1119002\">10.3389/fmicb.2023.1119002</a>","apa":"Viljakainen, L., Fürst, M., Grasse, A. V., Jurvansuu, J., Oh, J., Tolonen, L., … Cremer, S. (2023). Antiviral immune response reveals host-specific virus infections in natural ant populations. <i>Frontiers in Microbiology</i>. Frontiers. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2023.1119002\">https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2023.1119002</a>","ieee":"L. Viljakainen <i>et al.</i>, “Antiviral immune response reveals host-specific virus infections in natural ant populations,” <i>Frontiers in Microbiology</i>, vol. 14. Frontiers, 2023.","chicago":"Viljakainen, Lumi, Matthias Fürst, Anna V Grasse, Jaana Jurvansuu, Jinook Oh, Lassi Tolonen, Thomas Eder, Thomas Rattei, and Sylvia Cremer. “Antiviral Immune Response Reveals Host-Specific Virus Infections in Natural Ant Populations.” <i>Frontiers in Microbiology</i>. Frontiers, 2023. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2023.1119002\">https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2023.1119002</a>.","mla":"Viljakainen, Lumi, et al. “Antiviral Immune Response Reveals Host-Specific Virus Infections in Natural Ant Populations.” <i>Frontiers in Microbiology</i>, vol. 14, 1119002, Frontiers, 2023, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2023.1119002\">10.3389/fmicb.2023.1119002</a>.","short":"L. Viljakainen, M. Fürst, A.V. Grasse, J. Jurvansuu, J. Oh, L. Tolonen, T. Eder, T. Rattei, S. Cremer, Frontiers in Microbiology 14 (2023).","ista":"Viljakainen L, Fürst M, Grasse AV, Jurvansuu J, Oh J, Tolonen L, Eder T, Rattei T, Cremer S. 2023. Antiviral immune response reveals host-specific virus infections in natural ant populations. Frontiers in Microbiology. 14, 1119002."},"isi":1,"external_id":{"isi":["000961542100001"],"pmid":["PPR559293 "]},"publisher":"Frontiers","article_type":"original","quality_controlled":"1","file_date_updated":"2023-04-17T07:49:09Z","publication_status":"published","department":[{"_id":"SyCr"}],"date_created":"2023-01-31T08:13:40Z","article_processing_charge":"Yes (via OA deal)","title":"Antiviral immune response reveals host-specific virus infections in natural ant populations","intvolume":"        14","pmid":1,"_id":"12469","scopus_import":"1","author":[{"full_name":"Viljakainen, Lumi","last_name":"Viljakainen","first_name":"Lumi"},{"id":"393B1196-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","first_name":"Matthias","last_name":"Fürst","orcid":"0000-0002-3712-925X","full_name":"Fürst, Matthias"},{"id":"406F989C-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","full_name":"Grasse, Anna V","first_name":"Anna V","last_name":"Grasse"},{"full_name":"Jurvansuu, Jaana","last_name":"Jurvansuu","first_name":"Jaana"},{"id":"403169A4-080F-11EA-9993-BF3F3DDC885E","last_name":"Oh","first_name":"Jinook","full_name":"Oh, Jinook","orcid":"0000-0001-7425-2372"},{"full_name":"Tolonen, Lassi","last_name":"Tolonen","first_name":"Lassi"},{"last_name":"Eder","first_name":"Thomas","full_name":"Eder, Thomas"},{"first_name":"Thomas","last_name":"Rattei","full_name":"Rattei, Thomas"},{"first_name":"Sylvia","last_name":"Cremer","orcid":"0000-0002-2193-3868","full_name":"Cremer, Sylvia","id":"2F64EC8C-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87"}],"file":[{"file_id":"12843","creator":"dernst","success":1,"access_level":"open_access","relation":"main_file","date_updated":"2023-04-17T07:49:09Z","content_type":"application/pdf","file_name":"2023_FrontMicrobiology_Viljakainen.pdf","date_created":"2023-04-17T07:49:09Z","file_size":4866332,"checksum":"cd52292963acce1111634d9fac08c699"}],"user_id":"4359f0d1-fa6c-11eb-b949-802e58b17ae8","status":"public","publication_identifier":{"eissn":["1664-302X"]},"oa":1,"tmp":{"legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","short":"CC BY (4.0)","image":"/images/cc_by.png","name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)"},"date_published":"2023-03-16T00:00:00Z","type":"journal_article","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"oa_version":"Published Version","project":[{"_id":"25DF61D8-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425","call_identifier":"FWF","name":"Viral pathogens and social immunity in ants","grant_number":"M02076"}],"month":"03","article_number":"1119002","publication":"Frontiers in Microbiology","has_accepted_license":"1"},{"tmp":{"legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","short":"CC BY (4.0)","image":"/images/cc_by.png","name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)"},"date_published":"2023-03-01T00:00:00Z","type":"journal_article","publication_identifier":{"eissn":["2397-334X"]},"oa":1,"file":[{"relation":"main_file","access_level":"open_access","success":1,"creator":"dernst","file_id":"14069","checksum":"8244f4650a0e7aeea488d1bcd4a31702","file_size":1600499,"date_created":"2023-08-16T11:54:59Z","content_type":"application/pdf","file_name":"2023_NatureEcoEvo_Stock.pdf","date_updated":"2023-08-16T11:54:59Z"}],"status":"public","user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","related_material":{"link":[{"description":"News on ISTA website","relation":"press_release","url":"https://ista.ac.at/en/news/how-sneaky-germs-hide-from-ants/"}]},"publication":"Nature Ecology and Evolution","has_accepted_license":"1","oa_version":"Published Version","acknowledged_ssus":[{"_id":"LifeSc"}],"project":[{"grant_number":"771402","name":"Epidemics in ant societies on a chip","_id":"2649B4DE-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425","call_identifier":"H2020"},{"name":"Host-Parasite Coevolution","grant_number":"CR-118/3-1","_id":"25DAF0B2-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425"}],"month":"03","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"date_updated":"2023-08-16T11:55:48Z","year":"2023","citation":{"ama":"Stock M, Milutinovic B, Hönigsberger M, et al. Pathogen evasion of social immunity. <i>Nature Ecology and Evolution</i>. 2023;7:450-460. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41559-023-01981-6\">10.1038/s41559-023-01981-6</a>","apa":"Stock, M., Milutinovic, B., Hönigsberger, M., Grasse, A. V., Wiesenhofer, F., Kampleitner, N., … Cremer, S. (2023). Pathogen evasion of social immunity. <i>Nature Ecology and Evolution</i>. Springer Nature. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41559-023-01981-6\">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41559-023-01981-6</a>","ieee":"M. Stock <i>et al.</i>, “Pathogen evasion of social immunity,” <i>Nature Ecology and Evolution</i>, vol. 7. Springer Nature, pp. 450–460, 2023.","chicago":"Stock, Miriam, Barbara Milutinovic, Michaela Hönigsberger, Anna V Grasse, Florian Wiesenhofer, Niklas Kampleitner, Madhumitha Narasimhan, Thomas Schmitt, and Sylvia Cremer. “Pathogen Evasion of Social Immunity.” <i>Nature Ecology and Evolution</i>. Springer Nature, 2023. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41559-023-01981-6\">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41559-023-01981-6</a>.","mla":"Stock, Miriam, et al. “Pathogen Evasion of Social Immunity.” <i>Nature Ecology and Evolution</i>, vol. 7, Springer Nature, 2023, pp. 450–60, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41559-023-01981-6\">10.1038/s41559-023-01981-6</a>.","short":"M. Stock, B. Milutinovic, M. Hönigsberger, A.V. Grasse, F. Wiesenhofer, N. Kampleitner, M. Narasimhan, T. Schmitt, S. Cremer, Nature Ecology and Evolution 7 (2023) 450–460.","ista":"Stock M, Milutinovic B, Hönigsberger M, Grasse AV, Wiesenhofer F, Kampleitner N, Narasimhan M, Schmitt T, Cremer S. 2023. Pathogen evasion of social immunity. Nature Ecology and Evolution. 7, 450–460."},"isi":1,"external_id":{"isi":["000924572800001"],"pmid":["36732670"]},"doi":"10.1038/s41559-023-01981-6","day":"01","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"Treating sick group members is a hallmark of collective disease defence in vertebrates and invertebrates alike. Despite substantial effects on pathogen fitness and epidemiology, it is still largely unknown how pathogens react to the selection pressure imposed by care intervention. Using social insects and pathogenic fungi, we here performed a serial passage experiment in the presence or absence of colony members, which provide social immunity by grooming off infectious spores from exposed individuals. We found specific effects on pathogen diversity, virulence and transmission. Under selection of social immunity, pathogens invested into higher spore production, but spores were less virulent. Notably, they also elicited a lower grooming response in colony members, compared with spores from the individual host selection lines. Chemical spore analysis suggested that the spores from social selection lines escaped the caregivers’ detection by containing lower levels of ergosterol, a key fungal membrane component. Experimental application of chemically pure ergosterol indeed induced sanitary grooming, supporting its role as a microbe-associated cue triggering host social immunity against fungal pathogens. By reducing this detection cue, pathogens were able to evade the otherwise very effective collective disease defences of their social hosts."}],"acknowledgement":"We thank B. M. Steinwender, N. V. Meyling and J. Eilenberg for the fungal strains; J. Anaya-Rojas for statistical advice; the Social Immunity team at ISTA for ant collection and experimental help, in particular H. Leitner, and the ISTA Lab Support Facility for general laboratory support; D. Ebert, H. Schulenburg and J. Heinze for continued project discussion; and M. Sixt, R. Roemhild and the Social Immunity team for comments on the manuscript. The study was funded by the German Research Foundation (CR118/3-1) within the Framework of the Priority Program SPP 1399, and the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme (No. 771402; EPIDEMICSonCHIP), both to S.C.","volume":7,"ddc":["570"],"pmid":1,"_id":"12543","scopus_import":"1","author":[{"full_name":"Stock, Miriam","last_name":"Stock","first_name":"Miriam","id":"42462816-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87"},{"id":"2CDC32B8-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","last_name":"Milutinovic","first_name":"Barbara","full_name":"Milutinovic, Barbara","orcid":"0000-0002-8214-4758"},{"first_name":"Michaela","last_name":"Hönigsberger","full_name":"Hönigsberger, Michaela","id":"953894f3-25bd-11ec-8556-f70a9d38ef60"},{"id":"406F989C-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","last_name":"Grasse","first_name":"Anna V","full_name":"Grasse, Anna V"},{"full_name":"Wiesenhofer, Florian","first_name":"Florian","last_name":"Wiesenhofer","id":"39523C54-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87"},{"id":"2AC57FAC-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","full_name":"Kampleitner, Niklas","last_name":"Kampleitner","first_name":"Niklas"},{"orcid":"0000-0002-8600-0671","full_name":"Narasimhan, Madhumitha","first_name":"Madhumitha","last_name":"Narasimhan","id":"44BF24D0-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87"},{"last_name":"Schmitt","first_name":"Thomas","full_name":"Schmitt, Thomas"},{"id":"2F64EC8C-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","first_name":"Sylvia","last_name":"Cremer","orcid":"0000-0002-2193-3868","full_name":"Cremer, Sylvia"}],"publication_status":"published","article_processing_charge":"No","department":[{"_id":"SyCr"},{"_id":"LifeSc"},{"_id":"JiFr"}],"date_created":"2023-02-12T23:00:59Z","title":"Pathogen evasion of social immunity","intvolume":"         7","page":"450-460","quality_controlled":"1","ec_funded":1,"file_date_updated":"2023-08-16T11:54:59Z","publisher":"Springer Nature","article_type":"original"},{"contributor":[{"last_name":"Metzler","contributor_type":"data_collector","first_name":"Sina","id":"48204546-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87"},{"contributor_type":"data_collector","last_name":"Kirchner","first_name":"Jessica","id":"21516227-15aa-11ec-9fb2-c6e8ffc155d3"},{"last_name":"Grasse","contributor_type":"data_collector","first_name":"Anna V","id":"406F989C-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87"}],"file_date_updated":"2023-02-28T06:34:12Z","publisher":"Institute of Science and Technology Austria","author":[{"id":"2F64EC8C-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","first_name":"Sylvia","last_name":"Cremer","orcid":"0000-0002-2193-3868","full_name":"Cremer, Sylvia"}],"_id":"12693","license":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/","has_accepted_license":"1","title":"Source data for Metzler et al, 2023: Trade-offs between immunity and competitive ability in fighting ant males ","month":"02","oa_version":"Published Version","department":[{"_id":"SyCr"}],"date_created":"2023-02-28T06:38:37Z","article_processing_charge":"No","ddc":["570"],"related_material":{"record":[{"relation":"used_in_publication","id":"12696","status":"public"}]},"status":"public","user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","file":[{"date_updated":"2023-02-28T06:34:08Z","file_name":"Metzler_ReadMe.pdf","content_type":"application/pdf","date_created":"2023-02-28T06:34:08Z","file_size":77070,"checksum":"c1565d655ca05601acfd84e0d12b8563","file_id":"12694","creator":"scremer","access_level":"open_access","success":1,"relation":"main_file"},{"date_updated":"2023-02-28T06:34:12Z","content_type":"application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet","file_name":"Metzler_RepositoryData.xlsx","date_created":"2023-02-28T06:34:12Z","checksum":"75c4c4948563d6261cb7548f80d909f1","file_size":88001,"file_id":"12695","creator":"scremer","success":1,"access_level":"open_access","relation":"main_file"}],"date_published":"2023-02-28T00:00:00Z","type":"research_data","date_updated":"2023-12-13T11:13:13Z","tmp":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0)","image":"/images/cc_by_nc.png","short":"CC BY-NC (4.0)","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/legalcode"},"year":"2023","citation":{"short":"S. Cremer, (2023).","mla":"Cremer, Sylvia. <i>Source Data for Metzler et Al, 2023: Trade-Offs between Immunity and Competitive Ability in Fighting Ant Males </i>. Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2023, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.15479/AT:ISTA:12693\">10.15479/AT:ISTA:12693</a>.","ista":"Cremer S. 2023. Source data for Metzler et al, 2023: Trade-offs between immunity and competitive ability in fighting ant males , Institute of Science and Technology Austria, <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.15479/AT:ISTA:12693\">10.15479/AT:ISTA:12693</a>.","apa":"Cremer, S. (2023). Source data for Metzler et al, 2023: Trade-offs between immunity and competitive ability in fighting ant males . Institute of Science and Technology Austria. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.15479/AT:ISTA:12693\">https://doi.org/10.15479/AT:ISTA:12693</a>","ama":"Cremer S. Source data for Metzler et al, 2023: Trade-offs between immunity and competitive ability in fighting ant males . 2023. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.15479/AT:ISTA:12693\">10.15479/AT:ISTA:12693</a>","ieee":"S. Cremer, “Source data for Metzler et al, 2023: Trade-offs between immunity and competitive ability in fighting ant males .” Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2023.","chicago":"Cremer, Sylvia. “Source Data for Metzler et Al, 2023: Trade-Offs between Immunity and Competitive Ability in Fighting Ant Males .” Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2023. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.15479/AT:ISTA:12693\">https://doi.org/10.15479/AT:ISTA:12693</a>."},"abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"See Readme File for further information."}],"oa":1,"doi":"10.15479/AT:ISTA:12693","day":"28"},{"month":"08","article_number":"37","oa_version":"Published Version","acknowledged_ssus":[{"_id":"LifeSc"}],"project":[{"name":"Epidemics in ant societies on a chip","grant_number":"771402","_id":"2649B4DE-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425","call_identifier":"H2020"}],"publication":"BMC Ecology and Evolution","has_accepted_license":"1","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"oa":1,"publication_identifier":{"issn":["2730-7182"]},"date_published":"2023-08-07T00:00:00Z","type":"journal_article","tmp":{"legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","short":"CC BY (4.0)","image":"/images/cc_by.png","name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)"},"status":"public","user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","related_material":{"record":[{"relation":"research_data","id":"12693","status":"public"}]},"file":[{"relation":"main_file","success":1,"access_level":"open_access","file_id":"14048","creator":"dernst","date_created":"2023-08-14T07:51:47Z","file_size":2004276,"checksum":"95966dc7d242d2c85bdd4fe14233dbd8","date_updated":"2023-08-14T07:51:47Z","content_type":"application/pdf","file_name":"2023_BMCEcology_Metzler.pdf"}],"title":"Trade-offs between immunity and competitive ability in fighting ant males","intvolume":"        23","publication_status":"published","date_created":"2023-02-28T07:38:17Z","department":[{"_id":"SyCr"}],"article_processing_charge":"Yes","author":[{"id":"48204546-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","first_name":"Sina","last_name":"Metzler","orcid":"0000-0002-9547-2494","full_name":"Metzler, Sina"},{"id":"21516227-15aa-11ec-9fb2-c6e8ffc155d3","full_name":"Kirchner, Jessica","last_name":"Kirchner","first_name":"Jessica"},{"last_name":"Grasse","first_name":"Anna V","full_name":"Grasse, Anna V","id":"406F989C-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87"},{"id":"2F64EC8C-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","full_name":"Cremer, Sylvia","orcid":"0000-0002-2193-3868","last_name":"Cremer","first_name":"Sylvia"}],"_id":"12696","pmid":1,"scopus_import":"1","article_type":"original","publisher":"Springer Nature","file_date_updated":"2023-08-14T07:51:47Z","ec_funded":1,"quality_controlled":"1","abstract":[{"text":"Background: Fighting disease while fighting rivals exposes males to constraints and tradeoffs during male-male competition. We here tested how both the stage and intensity of infection with the fungal pathogen Metarhizium robertsii interfered with fighting success in Cardiocondyla obscurior ant males. Males of this species have evolved long lifespans during which they can gain many matings with the young queens of the colony, if successful in male-male competition. Since male fights occur inside the colony, the outcome of male-male competition can further be biased by interference of the colony’s worker force.\r\nResults: We found that severe, but not yet mild, infection strongly impaired male fighting success. In late-stage infection, this could be attributed to worker aggression directed towards the infected rather than the healthy male and an already very high male morbidity even in the absence of fighting. Shortly after pathogen exposure, however, male mortality was particularly increased during combat. Since these males mounted a strong immune response, their reduced fighting success suggests a trade-off between immune investment and competitive ability already early in the infection. Even if the males themselves showed no difference in the number of attacks they raised against their healthy rivals across infection stages and levels, severely infected males were thus losing in male-male competition from an early stage of infection on.\r\nConclusions: Males of the ant C. obscurior have evolved high immune investment, triggering an effective immune response very fast after fungal exposure. This allows them to cope with mild pathogen exposures without cost to their success in male-male competition, and hence to gain multiple mating opportunities with the emerging virgin queens of the colony. Under severe infection, however, they are weak fighters and rarely survive a combat already at early infection when raising an immune response, as well as at progressed infection, when they are morbid and preferentially targeted by worker aggression. Workers thereby remove males that pose a future disease threat by biasing male-male competition. Our study thus revealed a novel social immunity mechanism how social insect workers protect the colony against disease risk.","lang":"eng"}],"doi":"10.1186/s12862-023-02137-7","day":"07","isi":1,"external_id":{"pmid":["37550612"],"isi":["001042643600002"]},"date_updated":"2023-12-13T11:13:14Z","year":"2023","citation":{"ista":"Metzler S, Kirchner J, Grasse AV, Cremer S. 2023. Trade-offs between immunity and competitive ability in fighting ant males. BMC Ecology and Evolution. 23, 37.","mla":"Metzler, Sina, et al. “Trade-Offs between Immunity and Competitive Ability in Fighting Ant Males.” <i>BMC Ecology and Evolution</i>, vol. 23, 37, Springer Nature, 2023, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12862-023-02137-7\">10.1186/s12862-023-02137-7</a>.","short":"S. Metzler, J. Kirchner, A.V. Grasse, S. Cremer, BMC Ecology and Evolution 23 (2023).","chicago":"Metzler, Sina, Jessica Kirchner, Anna V Grasse, and Sylvia Cremer. “Trade-Offs between Immunity and Competitive Ability in Fighting Ant Males.” <i>BMC Ecology and Evolution</i>. Springer Nature, 2023. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12862-023-02137-7\">https://doi.org/10.1186/s12862-023-02137-7</a>.","ieee":"S. Metzler, J. Kirchner, A. V. Grasse, and S. Cremer, “Trade-offs between immunity and competitive ability in fighting ant males,” <i>BMC Ecology and Evolution</i>, vol. 23. Springer Nature, 2023.","ama":"Metzler S, Kirchner J, Grasse AV, Cremer S. Trade-offs between immunity and competitive ability in fighting ant males. <i>BMC Ecology and Evolution</i>. 2023;23. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12862-023-02137-7\">10.1186/s12862-023-02137-7</a>","apa":"Metzler, S., Kirchner, J., Grasse, A. V., &#38; Cremer, S. (2023). Trade-offs between immunity and competitive ability in fighting ant males. <i>BMC Ecology and Evolution</i>. Springer Nature. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12862-023-02137-7\">https://doi.org/10.1186/s12862-023-02137-7</a>"},"ddc":["570"],"acknowledgement":"We are thankful to Mike Bidochka for the fungal strain, Lukas Schrader for sharing the C. obscurior genome data for primer development, the Lab Support Facility of ISTA for general laboratory support and help with the permit approval procedures, and the Finca El Quinto for letting us collect ants on their property. We thank the Social Immunity Team at ISTA for help with ant collection and experimental help, in particular Elina Hanhimäki and Marta Gorecka for behavioural observation, and Elisabeth Naderlinger for spore load PCRs. We further thank the Social Immunity Team and Jürgen Heinze for continued discussion and comments on the manuscript.\r\nOpen access funding provided by Institute of Science and Technology Austria (ISTA). This project received funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (grant agreement No 771402 to SC). ","volume":23},{"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"publication":"Functional Ecology","oa_version":"None","month":"04","status":"public","user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","date_published":"2023-04-01T00:00:00Z","type":"journal_article","publication_identifier":{"issn":["0269-8463"],"eissn":["1365-2435"]},"page":"809-820","quality_controlled":"1","publisher":"British Ecological Society","article_type":"review","_id":"12765","scopus_import":"1","author":[{"first_name":"Sebastian","last_name":"Stockmaier","full_name":"Stockmaier, Sebastian"},{"last_name":"Ulrich","first_name":"Yuko","full_name":"Ulrich, Yuko"},{"first_name":"Gregory F.","last_name":"Albery","full_name":"Albery, Gregory F."},{"id":"2F64EC8C-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","full_name":"Cremer, Sylvia","orcid":"0000-0002-2193-3868","last_name":"Cremer","first_name":"Sylvia"},{"full_name":"Lopes, Patricia C.","first_name":"Patricia C.","last_name":"Lopes"}],"issue":"4","publication_status":"published","date_created":"2023-03-26T22:01:09Z","article_processing_charge":"No","department":[{"_id":"SyCr"}],"title":"Behavioural defences against parasites across host social structures","intvolume":"        37","volume":37,"date_updated":"2023-10-04T11:50:15Z","citation":{"ieee":"S. Stockmaier, Y. Ulrich, G. F. Albery, S. Cremer, and P. C. Lopes, “Behavioural defences against parasites across host social structures,” <i>Functional Ecology</i>, vol. 37, no. 4. British Ecological Society, pp. 809–820, 2023.","chicago":"Stockmaier, Sebastian, Yuko Ulrich, Gregory F. Albery, Sylvia Cremer, and Patricia C. Lopes. “Behavioural Defences against Parasites across Host Social Structures.” <i>Functional Ecology</i>. British Ecological Society, 2023. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2435.14310\">https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2435.14310</a>.","ama":"Stockmaier S, Ulrich Y, Albery GF, Cremer S, Lopes PC. Behavioural defences against parasites across host social structures. <i>Functional Ecology</i>. 2023;37(4):809-820. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2435.14310\">10.1111/1365-2435.14310</a>","apa":"Stockmaier, S., Ulrich, Y., Albery, G. F., Cremer, S., &#38; Lopes, P. C. (2023). Behavioural defences against parasites across host social structures. <i>Functional Ecology</i>. British Ecological Society. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2435.14310\">https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2435.14310</a>","ista":"Stockmaier S, Ulrich Y, Albery GF, Cremer S, Lopes PC. 2023. Behavioural defences against parasites across host social structures. Functional Ecology. 37(4), 809–820.","short":"S. Stockmaier, Y. Ulrich, G.F. Albery, S. Cremer, P.C. Lopes, Functional Ecology 37 (2023) 809–820.","mla":"Stockmaier, Sebastian, et al. “Behavioural Defences against Parasites across Host Social Structures.” <i>Functional Ecology</i>, vol. 37, no. 4, British Ecological Society, 2023, pp. 809–20, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2435.14310\">10.1111/1365-2435.14310</a>."},"year":"2023","isi":1,"external_id":{"isi":["000948940500001"]},"doi":"10.1111/1365-2435.14310","day":"01","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"Animals exhibit a variety of behavioural defences against socially transmitted parasites. These defences evolved to increase host fitness by avoiding, resisting or tolerating infection.\r\nBecause they can occur in both infected individuals and their uninfected social partners, these defences often have important consequences for the social group.\r\nHere, we discuss the evolution and ecology of anti-parasite behavioural defences across a taxonomically wide social spectrum, considering colonial groups, stable groups, transitional groups and solitary animals.\r\nWe discuss avoidance, resistance and tolerance behaviours across these social group structures, identifying how social complexity, group composition and interdependent social relationships may contribute to the expression and evolution of behavioural strategies.\r\nFinally, we outline avenues for further investigation such as approaches to quantify group-level responses, and the connection of the physiological and behavioural response to parasites in different social contexts."}]},{"acknowledgement":"This project has received funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (Grant No. 771402; EPIDEMICSonCHIP) to SC, from the Scientific Grant Agency of the Slovak Republic (Grant No. 1/0521/20) to KB, and the Human Frontier Science Program (Grant No. RGP0065/2012) to GT.","file":[{"success":1,"access_level":"open_access","relation":"main_file","file_id":"12947","creator":"scremer","date_created":"2023-05-12T08:04:04Z","checksum":"3eadf17fd59ad8c98bf10bf63061863c","file_size":3414674,"date_updated":"2023-05-12T08:04:04Z","content_type":"application/zip","file_name":"Experimental_data.zip"},{"relation":"main_file","success":1,"access_level":"open_access","creator":"scremer","file_id":"12948","checksum":"1b5e8e01a0989154a76b44e6d8d68f89","file_size":2113,"date_created":"2023-05-12T08:04:08Z","file_name":"README_Experimental_Data.md","content_type":"application/octet-stream","date_updated":"2023-05-12T08:04:08Z"}],"related_material":{"record":[{"id":"13127","relation":"used_in_publication","status":"public"}]},"ddc":["570"],"user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","status":"public","doi":"10.15479/AT:ISTA:12945","day":"12","abstract":[{"text":"basic data for use in code for experimental data analysis for manuscript under revision: \r\nDynamic pathogen detection and social feedback shape collective hygiene in ants\r\nCasillas-Pérez B, Boďová K, Grasse AV, Tkačik G, Cremer S","lang":"eng"}],"oa":1,"date_updated":"2023-08-07T13:09:09Z","tmp":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0)","image":"/images/cc_by_nc.png","short":"CC BY-NC (4.0)","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/legalcode"},"year":"2023","citation":{"ista":"Cremer S. 2023. Data from: ‘Dynamic pathogen detection and social feedback shape collective hygiene in ants’ , Institute of Science and Technology Austria, <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.15479/AT:ISTA:12945\">10.15479/AT:ISTA:12945</a>.","short":"S. Cremer, (2023).","mla":"Cremer, Sylvia. <i>Data from: “Dynamic Pathogen Detection and Social Feedback Shape Collective Hygiene in Ants” </i>. Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2023, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.15479/AT:ISTA:12945\">10.15479/AT:ISTA:12945</a>.","ieee":"S. Cremer, “Data from: ‘Dynamic pathogen detection and social feedback shape collective hygiene in ants’ .” Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2023.","chicago":"Cremer, Sylvia. “Data from: ‘Dynamic Pathogen Detection and Social Feedback Shape Collective Hygiene in Ants’ .” Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2023. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.15479/AT:ISTA:12945\">https://doi.org/10.15479/AT:ISTA:12945</a>.","apa":"Cremer, S. (2023). Data from: “Dynamic pathogen detection and social feedback shape collective hygiene in ants” . Institute of Science and Technology Austria. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.15479/AT:ISTA:12945\">https://doi.org/10.15479/AT:ISTA:12945</a>","ama":"Cremer S. Data from: “Dynamic pathogen detection and social feedback shape collective hygiene in ants” . 2023. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.15479/AT:ISTA:12945\">10.15479/AT:ISTA:12945</a>"},"date_published":"2023-05-12T00:00:00Z","type":"research_data","publisher":"Institute of Science and Technology Austria","file_date_updated":"2023-05-12T08:04:08Z","contributor":[{"id":"351ED2AA-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","first_name":"Barbara E","contributor_type":"data_collector","last_name":"Casillas Perez"},{"last_name":"Grasse","contributor_type":"data_collector","first_name":"Anna V","id":"406F989C-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87"},{"last_name":"Bodova","contributor_type":"researcher","first_name":"Katarina"},{"orcid":"0000-0002-6699-1455","first_name":"Gašper","contributor_type":"supervisor","last_name":"Tkačik","id":"3D494DCA-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87"}],"keyword":["collective behavior","host-pathogen interactions","social immunity","epidemiology","social insects","probabilistic modeling"],"acknowledged_ssus":[{"_id":"LifeSc"}],"oa_version":"None","department":[{"_id":"SyCr"}],"article_processing_charge":"No","date_created":"2023-05-11T21:35:17Z","title":"Data from: \"Dynamic pathogen detection and social feedback shape collective hygiene in ants\" ","month":"05","_id":"12945","has_accepted_license":"1","author":[{"id":"2F64EC8C-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","first_name":"Sylvia","last_name":"Cremer","orcid":"0000-0002-2193-3868","full_name":"Cremer, Sylvia"}]},{"quality_controlled":"1","article_type":"original","publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","author":[{"full_name":"Wagner, Bernhard","last_name":"Wagner","first_name":"Bernhard"},{"first_name":"Vedrana","last_name":"Šlipogor","full_name":"Šlipogor, Vedrana"},{"last_name":"Oh","first_name":"Jinook","full_name":"Oh, Jinook","orcid":"0000-0001-7425-2372","id":"403169A4-080F-11EA-9993-BF3F3DDC885E"},{"full_name":"Varga, Marion","first_name":"Marion","last_name":"Varga"},{"first_name":"Marisa","last_name":"Hoeschele","full_name":"Hoeschele, Marisa"}],"scopus_import":"1","pmid":1,"_id":"12961","intvolume":"        26","title":"A comparison between common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus) and human infants sheds light on traits proposed to be at the root of human octave equivalence","department":[{"_id":"SyCr"}],"date_created":"2023-05-14T22:01:00Z","article_processing_charge":"No","publication_status":"published","acknowledgement":"We thank Prof. Dr. Thomas Bugnyar for supporting the study and financing the marmoset laboratory, and Alexandra Bohmann and the animal keeping team for their care. Vedrana Šlipogor was funded by University of South Bohemia postdoctoral fellowship.","volume":26,"external_id":{"pmid":["37101383"]},"citation":{"ista":"Wagner B, Šlipogor V, Oh J, Varga M, Hoeschele M. 2023. A comparison between common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus) and human infants sheds light on traits proposed to be at the root of human octave equivalence. Developmental Science. 26(5), e13395.","mla":"Wagner, Bernhard, et al. “A Comparison between Common Marmosets (Callithrix Jacchus) and Human Infants Sheds Light on Traits Proposed to Be at the Root of Human Octave Equivalence.” <i>Developmental Science</i>, vol. 26, no. 5, e13395, Wiley, 2023, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1111/desc.13395\">10.1111/desc.13395</a>.","short":"B. Wagner, V. Šlipogor, J. Oh, M. Varga, M. Hoeschele, Developmental Science 26 (2023).","chicago":"Wagner, Bernhard, Vedrana Šlipogor, Jinook Oh, Marion Varga, and Marisa Hoeschele. “A Comparison between Common Marmosets (Callithrix Jacchus) and Human Infants Sheds Light on Traits Proposed to Be at the Root of Human Octave Equivalence.” <i>Developmental Science</i>. Wiley, 2023. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1111/desc.13395\">https://doi.org/10.1111/desc.13395</a>.","ieee":"B. Wagner, V. Šlipogor, J. Oh, M. Varga, and M. Hoeschele, “A comparison between common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus) and human infants sheds light on traits proposed to be at the root of human octave equivalence,” <i>Developmental Science</i>, vol. 26, no. 5. Wiley, 2023.","apa":"Wagner, B., Šlipogor, V., Oh, J., Varga, M., &#38; Hoeschele, M. (2023). A comparison between common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus) and human infants sheds light on traits proposed to be at the root of human octave equivalence. <i>Developmental Science</i>. Wiley. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1111/desc.13395\">https://doi.org/10.1111/desc.13395</a>","ama":"Wagner B, Šlipogor V, Oh J, Varga M, Hoeschele M. A comparison between common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus) and human infants sheds light on traits proposed to be at the root of human octave equivalence. <i>Developmental Science</i>. 2023;26(5). doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1111/desc.13395\">10.1111/desc.13395</a>"},"year":"2023","date_updated":"2023-10-04T11:37:33Z","abstract":[{"text":"Two notes separated by a doubling in frequency sound similar to humans. This “octave equivalence” is critical to perception and production of music and speech and occurs early in human development. Because it also occurs cross-culturally, a biological basis of octave equivalence has been hypothesized. Members of our team previousy suggested four human traits are at the root of this phenomenon: (1) vocal learning, (2) clear octave information in vocal harmonics, (3) differing vocal ranges, and (4) vocalizing together. Using cross-species studies, we can test how relevant these respective traits are, while controlling for enculturation effects and addressing questions of phylogeny. Common marmosets possess forms of three of the four traits, lacking differing vocal ranges. We tested 11 common marmosets by adapting an established head-turning paradigm, creating a parallel test to an important infant study. Unlike human infants, marmosets responded similarly to tones shifted by an octave or other intervals. Because previous studies with the same head-turning paradigm produced differential results to discernable acoustic stimuli in common marmosets, our results suggest that marmosets do not perceive octave equivalence. Our work suggests differing vocal ranges between adults and children and men and women and the way they are used in singing together may be critical to the development of octave equivalence.","lang":"eng"}],"day":"01","doi":"10.1111/desc.13395","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"publication":"Developmental Science","article_number":"e13395","month":"09","oa_version":"None","user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","status":"public","type":"journal_article","date_published":"2023-09-01T00:00:00Z","publication_identifier":{"eissn":["1467-7687"],"issn":["1363-755X"]}},{"ec_funded":1,"file_date_updated":"2023-02-04T23:30:03Z","publisher":"Institute of Science and Technology Austria","_id":"10727","author":[{"full_name":"Metzler, Sina","orcid":"0000-0002-9547-2494","last_name":"Metzler","first_name":"Sina","id":"48204546-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87"}],"publication_status":"published","department":[{"_id":"GradSch"},{"_id":"SyCr"}],"article_processing_charge":"No","date_created":"2022-02-04T15:45:12Z","title":"Pathogen-mediated sexual selection and immunization in ant colonies","alternative_title":["ISTA Thesis"],"ddc":["570"],"date_updated":"2023-09-07T13:43:23Z","year":"2022","citation":{"ieee":"S. Metzler, “Pathogen-mediated sexual selection and immunization in ant colonies,” Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2022.","chicago":"Metzler, Sina. “Pathogen-Mediated Sexual Selection and Immunization in Ant Colonies.” Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2022. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.15479/AT:ISTA:10727\">https://doi.org/10.15479/AT:ISTA:10727</a>.","ama":"Metzler S. Pathogen-mediated sexual selection and immunization in ant colonies. 2022. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.15479/AT:ISTA:10727\">10.15479/AT:ISTA:10727</a>","apa":"Metzler, S. (2022). <i>Pathogen-mediated sexual selection and immunization in ant colonies</i>. Institute of Science and Technology Austria. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.15479/AT:ISTA:10727\">https://doi.org/10.15479/AT:ISTA:10727</a>","ista":"Metzler S. 2022. Pathogen-mediated sexual selection and immunization in ant colonies. Institute of Science and Technology Austria.","mla":"Metzler, Sina. <i>Pathogen-Mediated Sexual Selection and Immunization in Ant Colonies</i>. Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2022, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.15479/AT:ISTA:10727\">10.15479/AT:ISTA:10727</a>.","short":"S. Metzler, Pathogen-Mediated Sexual Selection and Immunization in Ant Colonies, Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2022."},"doi":"10.15479/AT:ISTA:10727","degree_awarded":"PhD","day":"07","abstract":[{"text":"Social insects are a common model to study disease dynamics in social animals. Even though pathogens should thrive in social insect colonies as the hosts engage in frequent social interactions, are closely related and live in a pathogen-rich environment, disease outbreaks are rare. This is because social insects have evolved mechanisms to keep pathogens at bay – and fight disease as a collective. Social insect colonies are often viewed as “superorganisms” with division of labor between reproductive “germ-like” queens and males and “somatic” workers, which together form an interdependent reproductive unit that parallels a multicellular body. Superorganisms possess a “social immune system” that comprises of collective disease defenses performed by the workers - summarized as “social immunity”. In social groups immunization (reduced susceptibility to a parasite upon secondary exposure to the same parasite) can e.g. be triggered by social interactions (“social immunization”). Social immunization can be caused by (i) asymptomatic low-level infections that are acquired during caregiving to a contagious individual that can give an immune boost, which can induce protection upon later encounter with the same pathogen (active immunization) or (ii) by transfer of immune effectors between individuals (passive immunization).\r\nIn the second chapter, I built up on a study that I co-authored that found that low-level infections can not only be protective, but also be costly and make the host more susceptible to detrimental superinfections after contact to a very dissimilar pathogen. I here now tested different degrees of phylogenetically-distant fungal strains of M. brunneum and M. robertsii in L. neglectus and can describe the occurrence of cross-protection of social immunization if the first and second pathogen are from the same level. Interestingly, low-level infections only provided protection when the first strain was less virulent than the second strain and elicited higher immune gene expression.\r\nIn the third and fourth chapters, I expanded on the role of social immunity in sexual selection, a so far unstudied field. I used the fungus Metarhizium robertsii and the ant Cardiocondyla obscurior as a model, as in this species mating occurs in the presence of workers and can be studied under laboratory conditions. Before males mate with virgin queens in the nest they engage in fierce combat over the access to their mating partners.\r\nFirst, I focused on male-male competition in the third chapter and found that fighting with a contagious male is costly as it can lead to contamination of the rival, but that workers can decrease the risk of disease contraction by performing sanitary care.\r\nIn the fourth chapter, I studied the effect of fungal infection on survival and mating success of sexuals (freshly emerged queens and males) and found that worker-performed sanitary care can buffer the negative effect that a pathogenic contagion would have on sexuals by spore removal from the exposed individuals. When social immunity was prevented and queens could contract spores from their mating partner, very low dosages led to negative consequences: their lifespan was reduced and they produced fewer offspring with poor immunocompetence compared to healthy queens. Interestingly, cohabitation with a late-stage infected male where no spore transfer was possible had a positive effect on offspring immunity – male offspring of mothers that apparently perceived an infected partner in their vicinity reacted more sensitively to fungal challenge than male offspring without paternal pathogen history.","lang":"eng"}],"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"has_accepted_license":"1","acknowledged_ssus":[{"_id":"LifeSc"}],"oa_version":"Published Version","project":[{"name":"Epidemics in ant societies on a chip","grant_number":"771402","_id":"2649B4DE-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425","call_identifier":"H2020"}],"month":"02","file":[{"creator":"smetzler","file_id":"10728","access_level":"closed","relation":"source_file","content_type":"application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.wordprocessingml.document","file_name":"Thesis_Sina_Metzler.docx","date_updated":"2023-02-03T23:30:03Z","file_size":6757886,"checksum":"47ba18bb270dd6cc266e0a3f7c69d0e4","embargo_to":"open_access","date_created":"2022-02-04T15:36:12Z"},{"file_id":"10730","creator":"smetzler","relation":"main_file","access_level":"open_access","date_updated":"2023-02-03T23:30:03Z","content_type":"application/pdf","file_name":"Thesis_Sina_Metzler_A2.pdf","embargo":"2023-02-02","date_created":"2022-02-04T15:36:43Z","file_size":6314921,"checksum":"f3ec07d5d6b20ae6e46bfeedebce9027"},{"date_updated":"2023-02-04T23:30:03Z","content_type":"application/pdf","file_name":"Thesis_Sina_Metzler_print.pdf","date_created":"2022-02-07T10:35:02Z","embargo":"2023-02-02","checksum":"dedd14b7be7a75d63018dbfc68dd8113","file_size":6882557,"file_id":"10742","creator":"smetzler","access_level":"open_access","relation":"main_file"}],"user_id":"c635000d-4b10-11ee-a964-aac5a93f6ac1","status":"public","date_published":"2022-02-07T00:00:00Z","type":"dissertation","publication_identifier":{"issn":["2663-337X"]},"supervisor":[{"id":"2F64EC8C-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","last_name":"Cremer","first_name":"Sylvia","full_name":"Cremer, Sylvia","orcid":"0000-0002-2193-3868"}],"oa":1},{"isi":1,"external_id":{"isi":["000713396100001"],"pmid":["34725912"]},"date_updated":"2023-08-14T11:45:29Z","citation":{"ama":"Casillas Perez BE, Pull C, Naiser F, Naderlinger E, Matas J, Cremer S. Early queen infection shapes developmental dynamics and induces long-term disease protection in incipient ant colonies. <i>Ecology Letters</i>. 2022;25(1):89-100. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1111/ele.13907\">10.1111/ele.13907</a>","apa":"Casillas Perez, B. E., Pull, C., Naiser, F., Naderlinger, E., Matas, J., &#38; Cremer, S. (2022). Early queen infection shapes developmental dynamics and induces long-term disease protection in incipient ant colonies. <i>Ecology Letters</i>. Wiley. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1111/ele.13907\">https://doi.org/10.1111/ele.13907</a>","chicago":"Casillas Perez, Barbara E, Christopher Pull, Filip Naiser, Elisabeth Naderlinger, Jiri Matas, and Sylvia Cremer. “Early Queen Infection Shapes Developmental Dynamics and Induces Long-Term Disease Protection in Incipient Ant Colonies.” <i>Ecology Letters</i>. Wiley, 2022. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1111/ele.13907\">https://doi.org/10.1111/ele.13907</a>.","ieee":"B. E. Casillas Perez, C. Pull, F. Naiser, E. Naderlinger, J. Matas, and S. Cremer, “Early queen infection shapes developmental dynamics and induces long-term disease protection in incipient ant colonies,” <i>Ecology Letters</i>, vol. 25, no. 1. Wiley, pp. 89–100, 2022.","mla":"Casillas Perez, Barbara E., et al. “Early Queen Infection Shapes Developmental Dynamics and Induces Long-Term Disease Protection in Incipient Ant Colonies.” <i>Ecology Letters</i>, vol. 25, no. 1, Wiley, 2022, pp. 89–100, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1111/ele.13907\">10.1111/ele.13907</a>.","short":"B.E. Casillas Perez, C. Pull, F. Naiser, E. Naderlinger, J. Matas, S. Cremer, Ecology Letters 25 (2022) 89–100.","ista":"Casillas Perez BE, Pull C, Naiser F, Naderlinger E, Matas J, Cremer S. 2022. Early queen infection shapes developmental dynamics and induces long-term disease protection in incipient ant colonies. Ecology Letters. 25(1), 89–100."},"year":"2022","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"Infections early in life can have enduring effects on an organism's development and immunity. In this study, we show that this equally applies to developing ‘superorganisms’––incipient social insect colonies. When we exposed newly mated Lasius niger ant queens to a low pathogen dose, their colonies grew more slowly than controls before winter, but reached similar sizes afterwards. Independent of exposure, queen hibernation survival improved when the ratio of pupae to workers was small. Queens that reared fewer pupae before worker emergence exhibited lower pathogen levels, indicating that high brood rearing efforts interfere with the ability of the queen's immune system to suppress pathogen proliferation. Early-life queen pathogen exposure also improved the immunocompetence of her worker offspring, as demonstrated by challenging the workers to the same pathogen a year later. Transgenerational transfer of the queen's pathogen experience to her workforce can hence durably reduce the disease susceptibility of the whole superorganism."}],"doi":"10.1111/ele.13907","day":"01","ddc":["573"],"acknowledgement":"The authors are grateful to G. Tkačik and V. Mireles for advice on data analyses and to A. Schloegl for help using the IST Austria HPC cluster for data processing. The authors thank J. Eilenberg for providing the fungal strain and A.V. Grasse for support with the molecular analysis. The authors also thank the Social Immunity group at IST Austria, in particular B. Milutinović, for discussions throughout and comments on the manuscript.","volume":25,"author":[{"first_name":"Barbara E","last_name":"Casillas Perez","full_name":"Casillas Perez, Barbara E","id":"351ED2AA-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87"},{"id":"3C7F4840-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","last_name":"Pull","first_name":"Christopher","full_name":"Pull, Christopher","orcid":"0000-0003-1122-3982"},{"last_name":"Naiser","first_name":"Filip","full_name":"Naiser, Filip"},{"id":"31757262-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","first_name":"Elisabeth","last_name":"Naderlinger","full_name":"Naderlinger, Elisabeth"},{"full_name":"Matas, Jiri","last_name":"Matas","first_name":"Jiri"},{"id":"2F64EC8C-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","last_name":"Cremer","first_name":"Sylvia","full_name":"Cremer, Sylvia","orcid":"0000-0002-2193-3868"}],"issue":"1","pmid":1,"_id":"10284","scopus_import":"1","title":"Early queen infection shapes developmental dynamics and induces long-term disease protection in incipient ant colonies","intvolume":"        25","publication_status":"published","date_created":"2021-11-14T23:01:25Z","article_processing_charge":"Yes (via OA deal)","department":[{"_id":"SyCr"}],"file_date_updated":"2022-02-03T13:37:11Z","page":"89-100","ec_funded":1,"quality_controlled":"1","article_type":"original","publisher":"Wiley","date_published":"2022-01-01T00:00:00Z","type":"journal_article","tmp":{"legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","short":"CC BY (4.0)","image":"/images/cc_by.png","name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)"},"oa":1,"publication_identifier":{"issn":["1461-023X"],"eissn":["1461-0248"]},"related_material":{"record":[{"relation":"research_data","id":"13061","status":"public"}]},"user_id":"4359f0d1-fa6c-11eb-b949-802e58b17ae8","status":"public","file":[{"date_updated":"2022-02-03T13:37:11Z","file_name":"2021_EcologyLetters_CasillasPerez.pdf","content_type":"application/pdf","date_created":"2022-02-03T13:37:11Z","checksum":"0bd4210400e9876609b7c538ab4f9a3c","file_size":700087,"file_id":"10721","creator":"cchlebak","access_level":"open_access","success":1,"relation":"main_file"}],"publication":"Ecology Letters","has_accepted_license":"1","month":"01","oa_version":"Published Version","acknowledged_ssus":[{"_id":"ScienComp"}],"project":[{"grant_number":"771402","name":"Epidemics in ant societies on a chip","_id":"2649B4DE-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425","call_identifier":"H2020"}],"language":[{"iso":"eng"}]},{"day":"01","doi":"10.1038/s41577-022-00797-y","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"Social distancing is an effective way to prevent the spread of disease in societies, whereas infection elimination is a key element of organismal immunity. Here, we discuss how the study of social insects such as ants — which form a superorganism of unconditionally cooperative individuals and thus represent a level of organization that is intermediate between a classical society of individuals and an organism of cells — can help to determine common principles of disease defence across levels of organization."}],"year":"2022","citation":{"mla":"Cremer, Sylvia, and Michael K. Sixt. “Principles of Disease Defence in Organisms, Superorganisms and Societies.” <i>Nature Reviews Immunology</i>, vol. 22, no. 12, Springer Nature, 2022, pp. 713–14, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41577-022-00797-y\">10.1038/s41577-022-00797-y</a>.","short":"S. Cremer, M.K. Sixt, Nature Reviews Immunology 22 (2022) 713–714.","ista":"Cremer S, Sixt MK. 2022. Principles of disease defence in organisms, superorganisms and societies. Nature Reviews Immunology. 22(12), 713–714.","ama":"Cremer S, Sixt MK. Principles of disease defence in organisms, superorganisms and societies. <i>Nature Reviews Immunology</i>. 2022;22(12):713-714. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41577-022-00797-y\">10.1038/s41577-022-00797-y</a>","apa":"Cremer, S., &#38; Sixt, M. K. (2022). Principles of disease defence in organisms, superorganisms and societies. <i>Nature Reviews Immunology</i>. Springer Nature. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41577-022-00797-y\">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41577-022-00797-y</a>","chicago":"Cremer, Sylvia, and Michael K Sixt. “Principles of Disease Defence in Organisms, Superorganisms and Societies.” <i>Nature Reviews Immunology</i>. Springer Nature, 2022. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41577-022-00797-y\">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41577-022-00797-y</a>.","ieee":"S. Cremer and M. K. Sixt, “Principles of disease defence in organisms, superorganisms and societies,” <i>Nature Reviews Immunology</i>, vol. 22, no. 12. Springer Nature, pp. 713–714, 2022."},"date_updated":"2023-08-04T08:53:32Z","external_id":{"pmid":["36284178"],"isi":["000871836300001"]},"isi":1,"volume":22,"department":[{"_id":"SyCr"},{"_id":"MiSi"}],"article_processing_charge":"No","date_created":"2023-01-12T12:03:14Z","publication_status":"published","intvolume":"        22","title":"Principles of disease defence in organisms, superorganisms and societies","scopus_import":"1","pmid":1,"_id":"12133","issue":"12","author":[{"id":"2F64EC8C-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","last_name":"Cremer","first_name":"Sylvia","full_name":"Cremer, Sylvia","orcid":"0000-0002-2193-3868"},{"first_name":"Michael K","last_name":"Sixt","orcid":"0000-0002-6620-9179","full_name":"Sixt, Michael K","id":"41E9FBEA-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87"}],"publisher":"Springer Nature","article_type":"letter_note","quality_controlled":"1","page":"713-714","publication_identifier":{"eissn":["1474-1741"],"issn":["1474-1733"]},"type":"journal_article","date_published":"2022-12-01T00:00:00Z","status":"public","user_id":"4359f0d1-fa6c-11eb-b949-802e58b17ae8","oa_version":"None","month":"12","publication":"Nature Reviews Immunology","keyword":["Energy Engineering and Power Technology","Fuel Technology"],"language":[{"iso":"eng"}]},{"publisher":"Dryad","ec_funded":1,"title":"Early queen infection shapes developmental dynamics and induces long-term disease protection in incipient ant colonies","month":"10","oa_version":"Published Version","date_created":"2023-05-23T16:14:35Z","project":[{"_id":"2649B4DE-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425","call_identifier":"H2020","name":"Epidemics in ant societies on a chip","grant_number":"771402"}],"article_processing_charge":"No","department":[{"_id":"SyCr"}],"author":[{"last_name":"Casillas Perez","first_name":"Barbara E","full_name":"Casillas Perez, Barbara E","id":"351ED2AA-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87"},{"first_name":"Christopher","last_name":"Pull","orcid":"0000-0003-1122-3982","full_name":"Pull, Christopher","id":"3C7F4840-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87"},{"last_name":"Naiser","first_name":"Filip","full_name":"Naiser, Filip"},{"full_name":"Naderlinger, Elisabeth","first_name":"Elisabeth","last_name":"Naderlinger"},{"full_name":"Matas, Jiri","first_name":"Jiri","last_name":"Matas"},{"id":"2F64EC8C-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","first_name":"Sylvia","last_name":"Cremer","orcid":"0000-0002-2193-3868","full_name":"Cremer, Sylvia"}],"_id":"13061","license":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/","status":"public","ddc":["570"],"user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","related_material":{"record":[{"status":"public","id":"10284","relation":"used_in_publication"}]},"main_file_link":[{"url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.7pvmcvdtj","open_access":"1"}],"abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"Infections early in life can have enduring effects on an organism’s development and immunity. In this study, we show that this equally applies to developing “superorganisms” – incipient social insect colonies. When we exposed newly mated Lasius niger ant queens to a low pathogen dose, their colonies grew more slowly than controls before winter, but reached similar sizes afterwards. Independent of exposure, queen hibernation survival improved when the ratio of pupae to workers was small. Queens that reared fewer pupae before worker emergence exhibited lower pathogen levels, indicating that high brood rearing efforts interfere with the ability of the queen’s immune system to suppress pathogen proliferation. Early-life queen pathogen-exposure also improved the immunocompetence of her worker offspring, as demonstrated by challenging the workers to the same pathogen a year later. Transgenerational transfer of the queen’s pathogen experience to her workforce can hence durably reduce the disease susceptibility of the whole superorganism."}],"oa":1,"doi":"10.5061/DRYAD.7PVMCVDTJ","day":"29","date_published":"2021-10-29T00:00:00Z","type":"research_data_reference","date_updated":"2023-08-14T11:45:28Z","tmp":{"legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/legalcode","short":"CC0 (1.0)","name":"Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication (CC0 1.0)","image":"/images/cc_0.png"},"citation":{"ista":"Casillas Perez BE, Pull C, Naiser F, Naderlinger E, Matas J, Cremer S. 2021. Early queen infection shapes developmental dynamics and induces long-term disease protection in incipient ant colonies, Dryad, <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.5061/DRYAD.7PVMCVDTJ\">10.5061/DRYAD.7PVMCVDTJ</a>.","short":"B.E. Casillas Perez, C. Pull, F. Naiser, E. Naderlinger, J. Matas, S. Cremer, (2021).","mla":"Casillas Perez, Barbara E., et al. <i>Early Queen Infection Shapes Developmental Dynamics and Induces Long-Term Disease Protection in Incipient Ant Colonies</i>. Dryad, 2021, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.5061/DRYAD.7PVMCVDTJ\">10.5061/DRYAD.7PVMCVDTJ</a>.","chicago":"Casillas Perez, Barbara E, Christopher Pull, Filip Naiser, Elisabeth Naderlinger, Jiri Matas, and Sylvia Cremer. “Early Queen Infection Shapes Developmental Dynamics and Induces Long-Term Disease Protection in Incipient Ant Colonies.” Dryad, 2021. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.5061/DRYAD.7PVMCVDTJ\">https://doi.org/10.5061/DRYAD.7PVMCVDTJ</a>.","ieee":"B. E. Casillas Perez, C. Pull, F. Naiser, E. Naderlinger, J. Matas, and S. Cremer, “Early queen infection shapes developmental dynamics and induces long-term disease protection in incipient ant colonies.” Dryad, 2021.","ama":"Casillas Perez BE, Pull C, Naiser F, Naderlinger E, Matas J, Cremer S. Early queen infection shapes developmental dynamics and induces long-term disease protection in incipient ant colonies. 2021. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.5061/DRYAD.7PVMCVDTJ\">10.5061/DRYAD.7PVMCVDTJ</a>","apa":"Casillas Perez, B. E., Pull, C., Naiser, F., Naderlinger, E., Matas, J., &#38; Cremer, S. (2021). Early queen infection shapes developmental dynamics and induces long-term disease protection in incipient ant colonies. Dryad. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.5061/DRYAD.7PVMCVDTJ\">https://doi.org/10.5061/DRYAD.7PVMCVDTJ</a>"},"year":"2021"},{"user_id":"4359f0d1-fa6c-11eb-b949-802e58b17ae8","status":"public","file":[{"success":1,"access_level":"open_access","relation":"main_file","file_id":"9107","creator":"dernst","date_created":"2021-02-09T07:40:14Z","checksum":"d9dfa0d1de6d684692b041d936dd858e","file_size":1117991,"date_updated":"2021-02-09T07:40:14Z","content_type":"application/pdf","file_name":"2021_AnimalCognition_Reber.pdf"}],"oa":1,"publication_identifier":{"eissn":["14359456"],"issn":["14359448"]},"type":"journal_article","date_published":"2021-07-01T00:00:00Z","tmp":{"legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","short":"CC BY (4.0)","image":"/images/cc_by.png","name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)"},"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"month":"07","oa_version":"Published Version","has_accepted_license":"1","publication":"Animal Cognition","ddc":["590"],"acknowledgement":"We thank Jamie Gilks and Terry Miles for their support at Crocodiles of the World. We are grateful to the Department of Cognitive Biology, University of Vienna for provision of working space and hardware. Finally, we would like to thank Cliodhna Quigley, Rachael Harrison and Urs A. Reber for discussion. Open Access funding provided by Lund University. This project was funded by the Marietta Blau grant (BMFWF) to S. A. R.","volume":24,"abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"Behavioral predispositions are innate tendencies of animals to behave in a given way without the input of learning. They increase survival chances and, due to environmental and ecological challenges, may vary substantially even between closely related taxa. These differences are likely to be especially pronounced in long-lived species like crocodilians. This order is particularly relevant for comparative cognition due to its phylogenetic proximity to birds. Here we compared early life behavioral predispositions in two Alligatoridae species. We exposed American alligator and spectacled caiman hatchlings to three different novel situations: a novel object, a novel environment that was open and a novel environment with a shelter. This was then repeated a week later. During exposure to the novel environments, alligators moved around more and explored a larger range of the arena than the caimans. When exposed to the novel object, the alligators reduced the mean distance to the novel object in the second phase, while the caimans further increased it, indicating diametrically opposite ontogenetic development in behavioral predispositions. Although all crocodilian hatchlings face comparable challenges, e.g., high predation pressure, the effectiveness of parental protection might explain the observed pattern. American alligators are apex predators capable of protecting their offspring against most dangers, whereas adult spectacled caimans are frequently predated themselves. Their distancing behavior might be related to increased predator avoidance and also explain the success of invasive spectacled caimans in the natural habitats of other crocodilians."}],"day":"01","doi":"10.1007/s10071-020-01461-5","external_id":{"isi":["000608382100001"]},"isi":1,"citation":{"chicago":"Reber, Stephan A., Jinook Oh, Judith Janisch, Colin Stevenson, Shaun Foggett, and Anna Wilkinson. “Early Life Differences in Behavioral Predispositions in Two Alligatoridae Species.” <i>Animal Cognition</i>. Springer Nature, 2021. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10071-020-01461-5\">https://doi.org/10.1007/s10071-020-01461-5</a>.","ieee":"S. A. Reber, J. Oh, J. Janisch, C. Stevenson, S. Foggett, and A. Wilkinson, “Early life differences in behavioral predispositions in two Alligatoridae species,” <i>Animal Cognition</i>, vol. 24, no. 4. Springer Nature, pp. 753–764, 2021.","apa":"Reber, S. A., Oh, J., Janisch, J., Stevenson, C., Foggett, S., &#38; Wilkinson, A. (2021). Early life differences in behavioral predispositions in two Alligatoridae species. <i>Animal Cognition</i>. Springer Nature. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10071-020-01461-5\">https://doi.org/10.1007/s10071-020-01461-5</a>","ama":"Reber SA, Oh J, Janisch J, Stevenson C, Foggett S, Wilkinson A. Early life differences in behavioral predispositions in two Alligatoridae species. <i>Animal Cognition</i>. 2021;24(4):753-764. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10071-020-01461-5\">10.1007/s10071-020-01461-5</a>","ista":"Reber SA, Oh J, Janisch J, Stevenson C, Foggett S, Wilkinson A. 2021. Early life differences in behavioral predispositions in two Alligatoridae species. Animal Cognition. 24(4), 753–764.","mla":"Reber, Stephan A., et al. “Early Life Differences in Behavioral Predispositions in Two Alligatoridae Species.” <i>Animal Cognition</i>, vol. 24, no. 4, Springer Nature, 2021, pp. 753–64, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10071-020-01461-5\">10.1007/s10071-020-01461-5</a>.","short":"S.A. Reber, J. Oh, J. Janisch, C. Stevenson, S. Foggett, A. Wilkinson, Animal Cognition 24 (2021) 753–764."},"year":"2021","date_updated":"2023-08-07T13:41:08Z","article_type":"original","publisher":"Springer Nature","file_date_updated":"2021-02-09T07:40:14Z","quality_controlled":"1","page":"753-764","intvolume":"        24","title":"Early life differences in behavioral predispositions in two Alligatoridae species","date_created":"2021-02-07T23:01:13Z","department":[{"_id":"SyCr"}],"article_processing_charge":"No","publication_status":"published","issue":"4","author":[{"first_name":"Stephan A.","last_name":"Reber","full_name":"Reber, Stephan A."},{"id":"403169A4-080F-11EA-9993-BF3F3DDC885E","last_name":"Oh","first_name":"Jinook","full_name":"Oh, Jinook","orcid":"0000-0001-7425-2372"},{"full_name":"Janisch, Judith","first_name":"Judith","last_name":"Janisch"},{"full_name":"Stevenson, Colin","last_name":"Stevenson","first_name":"Colin"},{"full_name":"Foggett, Shaun","last_name":"Foggett","first_name":"Shaun"},{"full_name":"Wilkinson, Anna","first_name":"Anna","last_name":"Wilkinson"}],"scopus_import":"1","_id":"9101"},{"intvolume":"         9","title":"Pipefish locally adapted to low salinity in the Baltic Sea retain phenotypic plasticity to cope with ancestral salinity levels","department":[{"_id":"SyCr"}],"article_processing_charge":"No","date_created":"2021-12-20T07:53:19Z","publication_status":"published","author":[{"full_name":"Goehlich, Henry","last_name":"Goehlich","first_name":"Henry"},{"full_name":"Sartoris, Linda","last_name":"Sartoris","first_name":"Linda","id":"2B9284CA-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87"},{"last_name":"Wagner","first_name":"Kim-Sara","full_name":"Wagner, Kim-Sara"},{"full_name":"Wendling, Carolin C.","first_name":"Carolin C.","last_name":"Wendling"},{"last_name":"Roth","first_name":"Olivia","full_name":"Roth, Olivia"}],"scopus_import":"1","_id":"10568","article_type":"original","publisher":"Frontiers Media","file_date_updated":"2021-12-20T10:44:20Z","quality_controlled":"1","abstract":[{"text":"Genetic adaptation and phenotypic plasticity facilitate the migration into new habitats and enable organisms to cope with a rapidly changing environment. In contrast to genetic adaptation that spans multiple generations as an evolutionary process, phenotypic plasticity allows acclimation within the life-time of an organism. Genetic adaptation and phenotypic plasticity are usually studied in isolation, however, only by including their interactive impact, we can understand acclimation and adaptation in nature. We aimed to explore the contribution of adaptation and plasticity in coping with an abiotic (salinity) and a biotic (Vibrio bacteria) stressor using six different populations of the broad-nosed pipefish Syngnathus typhle that originated from either high [14–17 Practical Salinity Unit (PSU)] or low (7–11 PSU) saline environments along the German coastline of the Baltic Sea. We exposed wild caught animals, to either high (15 PSU) or low (7 PSU) salinity, representing native and novel salinity conditions and allowed animals to mate. After male pregnancy, offspring was split and each half was exposed to one of the two salinities and infected with Vibrio alginolyticus bacteria that were evolved at either of the two salinities in a fully reciprocal design. We investigated life-history traits of fathers and expression of 47 target genes in mothers and offspring. Pregnant males originating from high salinity exposed to low salinity were highly susceptible to opportunistic fungi infections resulting in decreased offspring size and number. In contrast, no signs of fungal infection were identified in fathers originating from low saline conditions suggesting that genetic adaptation has the potential to overcome the challenges encountered at low salinity. Offspring from parents with low saline origin survived better at low salinity suggesting genetic adaptation to low salinity. In addition, gene expression analyses of juveniles indicated patterns of local adaptation, trans-generational plasticity and developmental plasticity. In conclusion, our study suggests that pipefish are locally adapted to the low salinity in their environment, however, they are retaining phenotypic plasticity, which allows them to also cope with ancestral salinity levels and prevailing pathogens.","lang":"eng"}],"day":"25","doi":"10.3389/fevo.2021.626442","external_id":{"isi":["000637736300001"]},"isi":1,"citation":{"mla":"Goehlich, Henry, et al. “Pipefish Locally Adapted to Low Salinity in the Baltic Sea Retain Phenotypic Plasticity to Cope with Ancestral Salinity Levels.” <i>Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution</i>, vol. 9, 626442, Frontiers Media, 2021, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3389/fevo.2021.626442\">10.3389/fevo.2021.626442</a>.","short":"H. Goehlich, L. Sartoris, K.-S. Wagner, C.C. Wendling, O. Roth, Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution 9 (2021).","ista":"Goehlich H, Sartoris L, Wagner K-S, Wendling CC, Roth O. 2021. Pipefish locally adapted to low salinity in the Baltic Sea retain phenotypic plasticity to cope with ancestral salinity levels. Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution. 9, 626442.","apa":"Goehlich, H., Sartoris, L., Wagner, K.-S., Wendling, C. C., &#38; Roth, O. (2021). Pipefish locally adapted to low salinity in the Baltic Sea retain phenotypic plasticity to cope with ancestral salinity levels. <i>Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution</i>. Frontiers Media. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3389/fevo.2021.626442\">https://doi.org/10.3389/fevo.2021.626442</a>","ama":"Goehlich H, Sartoris L, Wagner K-S, Wendling CC, Roth O. Pipefish locally adapted to low salinity in the Baltic Sea retain phenotypic plasticity to cope with ancestral salinity levels. <i>Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution</i>. 2021;9. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3389/fevo.2021.626442\">10.3389/fevo.2021.626442</a>","chicago":"Goehlich, Henry, Linda Sartoris, Kim-Sara Wagner, Carolin C. Wendling, and Olivia Roth. “Pipefish Locally Adapted to Low Salinity in the Baltic Sea Retain Phenotypic Plasticity to Cope with Ancestral Salinity Levels.” <i>Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution</i>. Frontiers Media, 2021. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3389/fevo.2021.626442\">https://doi.org/10.3389/fevo.2021.626442</a>.","ieee":"H. Goehlich, L. Sartoris, K.-S. Wagner, C. C. Wendling, and O. Roth, “Pipefish locally adapted to low salinity in the Baltic Sea retain phenotypic plasticity to cope with ancestral salinity levels,” <i>Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution</i>, vol. 9. Frontiers Media, 2021."},"year":"2021","date_updated":"2023-08-17T06:27:22Z","ddc":["597"],"volume":9,"acknowledgement":"We are grateful for the help of Kristina Dauven, Andreas Ebner, Janina Röckner, and Paulina Urban for fish collection in the field and fish maintenance. Furthermore, we thank Fabian Wendt for setting up the aquaria system and Tatjana Liese, Paulina Urban, Jakob Gismann, and Thorsten Reusch for support with DNA extraction and analysis of pipefish population structure. The authors acknowledge support of Isabel Tanger, Agnes Piecyk, Jonas Müller, Grace Walls, Sebastian Albrecht, Julia Böge, and Julia Stefanschitz for their support in preparing cDNA and running of Fluidigm chips. A special thank goes to Diana Gill for general lab support, ordering materials and just being the good spirit of our molecular lab, to Till Bayer for bioinformatics support and to Melanie Heckwolf for fruitful discussion and feedback on the manuscript. HG is very grateful for inspirational office space with ocean view provided by Lisa Hentschel and family. This manuscript has been released as a pre-print at BIORXIV.","article_number":"626442","month":"03","oa_version":"Published Version","has_accepted_license":"1","publication":"Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution","keyword":["ecology","evolution","behavior and systematics","trans-generational plasticity","genetic adaptation","local adaptation","phenotypic plasticity","Baltic Sea","climate change","salinity","syngnathids"],"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"oa":1,"publication_identifier":{"issn":["2296-701X"]},"type":"journal_article","date_published":"2021-03-25T00:00:00Z","tmp":{"legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","short":"CC BY (4.0)","image":"/images/cc_by.png","name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)"},"user_id":"4359f0d1-fa6c-11eb-b949-802e58b17ae8","status":"public","file":[{"date_updated":"2021-12-20T10:44:20Z","file_name":"2021_Frontiers_Goehlich.pdf","content_type":"application/pdf","date_created":"2021-12-20T10:44:20Z","file_size":3175085,"checksum":"8d6e2b767bb0240a9b5a3a3555be51fd","file_id":"10572","creator":"alisjak","access_level":"open_access","success":1,"relation":"main_file"}]},{"file":[{"date_updated":"2021-12-20T10:14:14Z","content_type":"application/pdf","file_name":"2021_JExpBio_Szabo.pdf","date_created":"2021-12-20T10:14:14Z","file_size":607096,"checksum":"75d13a5ec8e3b90e3bc02bd8a9c17eef","file_id":"10571","creator":"cchlebak","success":1,"access_level":"open_access","relation":"main_file"}],"status":"public","user_id":"4359f0d1-fa6c-11eb-b949-802e58b17ae8","publication_identifier":{"issn":["0022-0949"],"eissn":["1477-9145"]},"oa":1,"tmp":{"legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","short":"CC BY (4.0)","image":"/images/cc_by.png","name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)"},"date_published":"2021-12-16T00:00:00Z","type":"journal_article","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"oa_version":"Published Version","month":"12","article_number":"jeb243647","publication":"Journal of Experimental Biology","has_accepted_license":"1","acknowledgement":"We are grateful to Véronique Helfer, Walter Hödl, Lisa Schretzmeyer and Julia Wotke, who assisted with fieldwork in French Guiana. This work was supported by the Austrian Science Fund (FWF) [P24788, T699 and P31518 to E.R.; P33728 to M.R.; J3827 to Thomas Bugnyar, Tecumseh Fitch and Ludwig Huber]; and by the Austrian Bundesministerium für Wissenschaft, Forschung und Wirtschaft [IS761001 to J.O. (Tecumseh Fitch, Thomas Bugnyar and Ludwig Huber)]. A.P. was supported by the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant agreement no. 835530. S.A.R. was supported by the HT faculty, Lund University. We thank the CNRS Nouragues Ecological Research Station, which benefited from the ‘Investissement d'Avenir’ grants managed by the Agence Nationale de la Recherche (AnaEE France ANR-11-INBS-0001; Labex CEBA ANR-10-LABX-25-01). Open access funding provided by University of Vienna. Deposited in PMC for immediate release.","volume":224,"ddc":["573"],"doi":"10.1242/jeb.243647","day":"16","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"For animals to survive until reproduction, it is crucial that juveniles successfully detect potential predators and respond with appropriate behavior. The recognition of cues originating from predators can be innate or learned. Cues of various modalities might be used alone or in multi-modal combinations to detect and distinguish predators but studies investigating multi-modal integration in predator avoidance are scarce. Here, we used wild, naive tadpoles of the Neotropical poison frog Allobates femoralis ( Boulenger, 1884) to test their reaction to cues with two modalities from two different sympatrically occurring potential predators: heterospecific predatory Dendrobates tinctorius tadpoles and dragonfly larvae. We presented A. femoralis tadpoles with olfactory or visual cues, or a combination of the two, and compared their reaction to a water control in a between-individual design. In our trials, A. femoralis tadpoles reacted to multi-modal stimuli (a combination of visual and chemical information) originating from dragonfly larvae with avoidance but showed no reaction to uni-modal cues or cues from heterospecific tadpoles. In addition, visual cues from conspecifics increased swimming activity while cues from predators had no effect on tadpole activity. Our results show that A. femoralis tadpoles can innately recognize some predators and probably need both visual and chemical information to effectively avoid them. This is the first study looking at anti-predator behavior in poison frog tadpoles. We discuss how parental care might influence the expression of predator avoidance responses in tadpoles."}],"date_updated":"2023-08-17T06:26:15Z","citation":{"short":"B. Szabo, R. Mangione, M. Rath, A. Pašukonis, S. Reber, J. Oh, M. Ringler, E. Ringler, Journal of Experimental Biology 224 (2021).","mla":"Szabo, B., et al. “Naïve Poison Frog Tadpoles Use Bi-Modal Cues to Avoid Insect Predators but Not Heterospecific Predatory Tadpoles.” <i>Journal of Experimental Biology</i>, vol. 224, no. 24, jeb243647, The Company of Biologists, 2021, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1242/jeb.243647\">10.1242/jeb.243647</a>.","ista":"Szabo B, Mangione R, Rath M, Pašukonis A, Reber S, Oh J, Ringler M, Ringler E. 2021. Naïve poison frog tadpoles use bi-modal cues to avoid insect predators but not heterospecific predatory tadpoles. Journal of Experimental Biology. 224(24), jeb243647.","apa":"Szabo, B., Mangione, R., Rath, M., Pašukonis, A., Reber, S., Oh, J., … Ringler, E. (2021). Naïve poison frog tadpoles use bi-modal cues to avoid insect predators but not heterospecific predatory tadpoles. <i>Journal of Experimental Biology</i>. The Company of Biologists. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1242/jeb.243647\">https://doi.org/10.1242/jeb.243647</a>","ama":"Szabo B, Mangione R, Rath M, et al. Naïve poison frog tadpoles use bi-modal cues to avoid insect predators but not heterospecific predatory tadpoles. <i>Journal of Experimental Biology</i>. 2021;224(24). doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1242/jeb.243647\">10.1242/jeb.243647</a>","chicago":"Szabo, B, R Mangione, M Rath, A Pašukonis, SA Reber, Jinook Oh, M Ringler, and E Ringler. “Naïve Poison Frog Tadpoles Use Bi-Modal Cues to Avoid Insect Predators but Not Heterospecific Predatory Tadpoles.” <i>Journal of Experimental Biology</i>. The Company of Biologists, 2021. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1242/jeb.243647\">https://doi.org/10.1242/jeb.243647</a>.","ieee":"B. Szabo <i>et al.</i>, “Naïve poison frog tadpoles use bi-modal cues to avoid insect predators but not heterospecific predatory tadpoles,” <i>Journal of Experimental Biology</i>, vol. 224, no. 24. The Company of Biologists, 2021."},"year":"2021","isi":1,"external_id":{"pmid":["34845497"],"isi":["000738259300013"]},"publisher":"The Company of Biologists","article_type":"original","quality_controlled":"1","file_date_updated":"2021-12-20T10:14:14Z","publication_status":"published","department":[{"_id":"SyCr"}],"article_processing_charge":"No","date_created":"2021-12-20T07:54:22Z","title":"Naïve poison frog tadpoles use bi-modal cues to avoid insect predators but not heterospecific predatory tadpoles","intvolume":"       224","_id":"10569","pmid":1,"author":[{"full_name":"Szabo, B","last_name":"Szabo","first_name":"B"},{"first_name":"R","last_name":"Mangione","full_name":"Mangione, R"},{"first_name":"M","last_name":"Rath","full_name":"Rath, M"},{"last_name":"Pašukonis","first_name":"A","full_name":"Pašukonis, A"},{"full_name":"Reber, SA","last_name":"Reber","first_name":"SA"},{"orcid":"0000-0001-7425-2372","full_name":"Oh, Jinook","first_name":"Jinook","last_name":"Oh","id":"403169A4-080F-11EA-9993-BF3F3DDC885E"},{"full_name":"Ringler, M","first_name":"M","last_name":"Ringler"},{"last_name":"Ringler","first_name":"E","full_name":"Ringler, E"}],"issue":"24"},{"doi":"10.1111/ele.13458","day":"01","abstract":[{"text":"Coinfections with multiple pathogens can result in complex within‐host dynamics affecting virulence and transmission. While multiple infections are intensively studied in solitary hosts, it is so far unresolved how social host interactions interfere with pathogen competition, and if this depends on coinfection diversity. We studied how the collective disease defences of ants – their social immunity – influence pathogen competition in coinfections of same or different fungal pathogen species. Social immunity reduced virulence for all pathogen combinations, but interfered with spore production only in different‐species coinfections. Here, it decreased overall pathogen sporulation success while increasing co‐sporulation on individual cadavers and maintaining a higher pathogen diversity at the community level. Mathematical modelling revealed that host sanitary care alone can modulate competitive outcomes between pathogens, giving advantage to fast‐germinating, thus less grooming‐sensitive ones. Host social interactions can hence modulate infection dynamics in coinfected group members, thereby altering pathogen communities at the host level and population level.","lang":"eng"}],"date_updated":"2023-09-05T16:04:49Z","citation":{"apa":"Milutinovic, B., Stock, M., Grasse, A. V., Naderlinger, E., Hilbe, C., &#38; Cremer, S. (2020). Social immunity modulates competition between coinfecting pathogens. <i>Ecology Letters</i>. Wiley. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1111/ele.13458\">https://doi.org/10.1111/ele.13458</a>","ama":"Milutinovic B, Stock M, Grasse AV, Naderlinger E, Hilbe C, Cremer S. Social immunity modulates competition between coinfecting pathogens. <i>Ecology Letters</i>. 2020;23(3):565-574. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1111/ele.13458\">10.1111/ele.13458</a>","chicago":"Milutinovic, Barbara, Miriam Stock, Anna V Grasse, Elisabeth Naderlinger, Christian Hilbe, and Sylvia Cremer. “Social Immunity Modulates Competition between Coinfecting Pathogens.” <i>Ecology Letters</i>. Wiley, 2020. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1111/ele.13458\">https://doi.org/10.1111/ele.13458</a>.","ieee":"B. Milutinovic, M. Stock, A. V. Grasse, E. Naderlinger, C. Hilbe, and S. Cremer, “Social immunity modulates competition between coinfecting pathogens,” <i>Ecology Letters</i>, vol. 23, no. 3. Wiley, pp. 565–574, 2020.","short":"B. Milutinovic, M. Stock, A.V. Grasse, E. Naderlinger, C. Hilbe, S. Cremer, Ecology Letters 23 (2020) 565–574.","mla":"Milutinovic, Barbara, et al. “Social Immunity Modulates Competition between Coinfecting Pathogens.” <i>Ecology Letters</i>, vol. 23, no. 3, Wiley, 2020, pp. 565–74, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1111/ele.13458\">10.1111/ele.13458</a>.","ista":"Milutinovic B, Stock M, Grasse AV, Naderlinger E, Hilbe C, Cremer S. 2020. Social immunity modulates competition between coinfecting pathogens. Ecology Letters. 23(3), 565–574."},"year":"2020","isi":1,"external_id":{"isi":["000507515900001"]},"acknowledgement":"We thank Bernhardt Steinwender and Jorgen Eilenberg for the fungal strains, Xavier Espadaler, Mireia Diaz, Christiane Wanke, Lumi Viljakainen and the Social Immunity Team at IST Austria, for help with ant collection, and Wanda Gorecka and Gertraud Stift of the IST Austria Life Science Facility for technical support. We are thankful to Dieter Ebert for input at all stages of the project, Roger Mundry for statistical advice, Hinrich Schulenburg, Paul Schmid-Hempel, Yuko\r\nUlrich and Joachim Kurtz for project discussion, Bor Kavcic for advice on growth curves, Marcus Roper for advice on modelling work and comments on the manuscript, as well as Marjon de Vos, Weini Huang and the Social Immunity Team for comments on the manuscript.\r\nThis study was funded by the German Research Foundation (DFG) within the Priority Programme 1399 Host-parasite Coevolution (CR 118/3 to S.C.) and the People Programme\r\n(Marie Curie Actions) of the European Union’s Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) under REA grant agreement no 291734 (ISTFELLOW to B.M.). ","volume":23,"ddc":["570"],"publication_status":"published","department":[{"_id":"SyCr"},{"_id":"KrCh"}],"article_processing_charge":"Yes (via OA deal)","date_created":"2020-01-20T13:32:12Z","title":"Social immunity modulates competition between coinfecting pathogens","intvolume":"        23","_id":"7343","scopus_import":"1","author":[{"id":"2CDC32B8-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","first_name":"Barbara","last_name":"Milutinovic","orcid":"0000-0002-8214-4758","full_name":"Milutinovic, Barbara"},{"id":"42462816-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","full_name":"Stock, Miriam","first_name":"Miriam","last_name":"Stock"},{"id":"406F989C-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","last_name":"Grasse","first_name":"Anna V","full_name":"Grasse, Anna V"},{"id":"31757262-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","full_name":"Naderlinger, Elisabeth","first_name":"Elisabeth","last_name":"Naderlinger"},{"id":"2FDF8F3C-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","last_name":"Hilbe","first_name":"Christian","full_name":"Hilbe, Christian","orcid":"0000-0001-5116-955X"},{"id":"2F64EC8C-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","first_name":"Sylvia","last_name":"Cremer","orcid":"0000-0002-2193-3868","full_name":"Cremer, Sylvia"}],"issue":"3","publisher":"Wiley","article_type":"letter_note","page":"565-574","ec_funded":1,"quality_controlled":"1","file_date_updated":"2020-11-19T11:27:10Z","publication_identifier":{"issn":["1461-023X"],"eissn":["1461-0248"]},"oa":1,"tmp":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0)","image":"/images/cc_by_nc.png","short":"CC BY-NC (4.0)","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/legalcode"},"date_published":"2020-03-01T00:00:00Z","type":"journal_article","file":[{"file_size":561749,"checksum":"0cd8be386fa219db02845b7c3991ce04","date_created":"2020-11-19T11:27:10Z","file_name":"2020_EcologyLetters_Milutinovic.pdf","content_type":"application/pdf","date_updated":"2020-11-19T11:27:10Z","relation":"main_file","access_level":"open_access","success":1,"creator":"dernst","file_id":"8776"}],"user_id":"c635000d-4b10-11ee-a964-aac5a93f6ac1","status":"public","related_material":{"link":[{"url":"https://ist.ac.at/en/news/social-ants-shapes-disease-outcome/","relation":"press_release","description":"News on IST Homepage"}],"record":[{"id":"13060","relation":"research_data","status":"public"}]},"oa_version":"Published Version","acknowledged_ssus":[{"_id":"LifeSc"}],"project":[{"name":"International IST Postdoc Fellowship Programme","grant_number":"291734","call_identifier":"FP7","_id":"25681D80-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425"},{"name":"Host-Parasite Coevolution","grant_number":"CR-118/3-1","_id":"25DAF0B2-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425"}],"month":"03","publication":"Ecology Letters","has_accepted_license":"1","language":[{"iso":"eng"}]},{"file_date_updated":"2020-07-14T12:47:59Z","quality_controlled":"1","ec_funded":1,"article_type":"original","publisher":"eLife Sciences Publications","author":[{"full_name":"Narasimhan, Madhumitha","orcid":"0000-0002-8600-0671","last_name":"Narasimhan","first_name":"Madhumitha","id":"44BF24D0-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87"},{"orcid":"0000-0002-2739-8843","full_name":"Johnson, Alexander J","first_name":"Alexander J","last_name":"Johnson","id":"46A62C3A-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87"},{"full_name":"Prizak, Roshan","last_name":"Prizak","first_name":"Roshan","id":"4456104E-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87"},{"last_name":"Kaufmann","first_name":"Walter","full_name":"Kaufmann, Walter","orcid":"0000-0001-9735-5315","id":"3F99E422-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87"},{"id":"2DE75584-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","first_name":"Shutang","last_name":"Tan","orcid":"0000-0002-0471-8285","full_name":"Tan, Shutang"},{"first_name":"Barbara E","last_name":"Casillas Perez","full_name":"Casillas Perez, Barbara E","id":"351ED2AA-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87"},{"id":"4159519E-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","orcid":"0000-0002-8302-7596","full_name":"Friml, Jiří","first_name":"Jiří","last_name":"Friml"}],"scopus_import":"1","pmid":1,"_id":"7490","intvolume":"         9","title":"Evolutionarily unique mechanistic framework of clathrin-mediated endocytosis in plants","article_processing_charge":"No","date_created":"2020-02-16T23:00:50Z","department":[{"_id":"JiFr"},{"_id":"GaTk"},{"_id":"EM-Fac"},{"_id":"SyCr"}],"publication_status":"published","ddc":["570","580"],"volume":9,"external_id":{"pmid":["31971511"],"isi":["000514104100001"]},"isi":1,"year":"2020","citation":{"mla":"Narasimhan, Madhumitha, et al. “Evolutionarily Unique Mechanistic Framework of Clathrin-Mediated Endocytosis in Plants.” <i>ELife</i>, vol. 9, e52067, eLife Sciences Publications, 2020, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.52067\">10.7554/eLife.52067</a>.","short":"M. Narasimhan, A.J. Johnson, R. Prizak, W. Kaufmann, S. Tan, B.E. Casillas Perez, J. Friml, ELife 9 (2020).","ista":"Narasimhan M, Johnson AJ, Prizak R, Kaufmann W, Tan S, Casillas Perez BE, Friml J. 2020. Evolutionarily unique mechanistic framework of clathrin-mediated endocytosis in plants. eLife. 9, e52067.","ama":"Narasimhan M, Johnson AJ, Prizak R, et al. Evolutionarily unique mechanistic framework of clathrin-mediated endocytosis in plants. <i>eLife</i>. 2020;9. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.52067\">10.7554/eLife.52067</a>","apa":"Narasimhan, M., Johnson, A. J., Prizak, R., Kaufmann, W., Tan, S., Casillas Perez, B. E., &#38; Friml, J. (2020). Evolutionarily unique mechanistic framework of clathrin-mediated endocytosis in plants. <i>ELife</i>. eLife Sciences Publications. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.52067\">https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.52067</a>","chicago":"Narasimhan, Madhumitha, Alexander J Johnson, Roshan Prizak, Walter Kaufmann, Shutang Tan, Barbara E Casillas Perez, and Jiří Friml. “Evolutionarily Unique Mechanistic Framework of Clathrin-Mediated Endocytosis in Plants.” <i>ELife</i>. eLife Sciences Publications, 2020. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.52067\">https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.52067</a>.","ieee":"M. Narasimhan <i>et al.</i>, “Evolutionarily unique mechanistic framework of clathrin-mediated endocytosis in plants,” <i>eLife</i>, vol. 9. eLife Sciences Publications, 2020."},"date_updated":"2023-08-18T06:33:07Z","abstract":[{"text":"In plants, clathrin mediated endocytosis (CME) represents the major route for cargo internalisation from the cell surface. It has been assumed to operate in an evolutionary conserved manner as in yeast and animals. Here we report characterisation of ultrastructure, dynamics and mechanisms of plant CME as allowed by our advancement in electron microscopy and quantitative live imaging techniques. Arabidopsis CME appears to follow the constant curvature model and the bona fide CME population generates vesicles of a predominantly hexagonal-basket type; larger and with faster kinetics than in other models. Contrary to the existing paradigm, actin is dispensable for CME events at the plasma membrane but plays a unique role in collecting endocytic vesicles, sorting of internalised cargos and directional endosome movement that itself actively promote CME events. Internalized vesicles display a strongly delayed and sequential uncoating. These unique features highlight the independent evolution of the plant CME mechanism during the autonomous rise of multicellularity in eukaryotes.","lang":"eng"}],"day":"23","doi":"10.7554/eLife.52067","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"has_accepted_license":"1","publication":"eLife","article_number":"e52067","month":"01","project":[{"grant_number":"742985","name":"Tracing Evolution of Auxin Transport and Polarity in Plants","_id":"261099A6-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425","call_identifier":"H2020"},{"call_identifier":"FWF","_id":"26538374-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425","grant_number":"I03630","name":"Molecular mechanisms of endocytic cargo recognition in plants"}],"acknowledged_ssus":[{"_id":"LifeSc"},{"_id":"Bio"},{"_id":"EM-Fac"}],"oa_version":"Published Version","user_id":"4359f0d1-fa6c-11eb-b949-802e58b17ae8","status":"public","file":[{"date_updated":"2020-07-14T12:47:59Z","file_name":"2020_eLife_Narasimhan.pdf","content_type":"application/pdf","date_created":"2020-02-18T07:21:16Z","checksum":"2052daa4be5019534f3a42f200a09f32","file_size":7247468,"file_id":"7494","creator":"dernst","relation":"main_file","access_level":"open_access"}],"type":"journal_article","date_published":"2020-01-23T00:00:00Z","tmp":{"legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","short":"CC BY (4.0)","image":"/images/cc_by.png","name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)"},"oa":1,"publication_identifier":{"eissn":["2050-084X"]}}]