---
_id: '8067'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: "With the lithium-ion technology approaching its intrinsic limit with graphite-based
    anodes, lithium metal is recently receiving renewed interest from the battery
    community as potential high capacity anode for next-generation rechargeable batteries.
    In this focus paper, we review the main advances in this field since the first
    attempts in the\r\nmid-1970s. Strategies for enabling reversible cycling and avoiding
    dendrite growth are thoroughly discussed, including specific applications in all-solid-state
    (polymeric and inorganic), Lithium-sulphur and Li-O2 (air) batteries. A particular
    attention is paid to review recent developments in regard of prototype manufacturing
    and current state-ofthe-art of these battery technologies with respect to the
    2030 targets of the EU Integrated Strategic Energy Technology Plan (SET-Plan)
    Action 7."
alternative_title:
- IST Austria Technical Report
article_processing_charge: No
author:
- first_name: Alberto
  full_name: Varzi, Alberto
  last_name: Varzi
- first_name: Katharina
  full_name: Thanner, Katharina
  last_name: Thanner
- first_name: Roberto
  full_name: Scipioni, Roberto
  last_name: Scipioni
- first_name: Daniele
  full_name: Di Lecce, Daniele
  last_name: Di Lecce
- first_name: Jusef
  full_name: Hassoun, Jusef
  last_name: Hassoun
- first_name: Susanne
  full_name: Dörfler, Susanne
  last_name: Dörfler
- first_name: Holger
  full_name: Altheus, Holger
  last_name: Altheus
- first_name: Stefan
  full_name: Kaskel, Stefan
  last_name: Kaskel
- first_name: Christian
  full_name: Prehal, Christian
  last_name: Prehal
- first_name: Stefan Alexander
  full_name: Freunberger, Stefan Alexander
  id: A8CA28E6-CE23-11E9-AD2D-EC27E6697425
  last_name: Freunberger
  orcid: 0000-0003-2902-5319
citation:
  ama: Varzi A, Thanner K, Scipioni R, et al. <i>Current Status and Future Perspectives
    of Lithium Metal Batteries</i>. IST Austria doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.15479/AT:ISTA:8067">10.15479/AT:ISTA:8067</a>
  apa: Varzi, A., Thanner, K., Scipioni, R., Di Lecce, D., Hassoun, J., Dörfler, S.,
    … Freunberger, S. A. (n.d.). <i>Current status and future perspectives of Lithium
    metal batteries</i>. IST Austria. <a href="https://doi.org/10.15479/AT:ISTA:8067">https://doi.org/10.15479/AT:ISTA:8067</a>
  chicago: Varzi, Alberto, Katharina Thanner, Roberto Scipioni, Daniele Di Lecce,
    Jusef Hassoun, Susanne Dörfler, Holger Altheus, Stefan Kaskel, Christian Prehal,
    and Stefan Alexander Freunberger. <i>Current Status and Future Perspectives of
    Lithium Metal Batteries</i>. IST Austria, n.d. <a href="https://doi.org/10.15479/AT:ISTA:8067">https://doi.org/10.15479/AT:ISTA:8067</a>.
  ieee: A. Varzi <i>et al.</i>, <i>Current status and future perspectives of Lithium
    metal batteries</i>. IST Austria.
  ista: Varzi A, Thanner K, Scipioni R, Di Lecce D, Hassoun J, Dörfler S, Altheus
    H, Kaskel S, Prehal C, Freunberger SA. Current status and future perspectives
    of Lithium metal batteries, IST Austria, 63p.
  mla: Varzi, Alberto, et al. <i>Current Status and Future Perspectives of Lithium
    Metal Batteries</i>. IST Austria, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.15479/AT:ISTA:8067">10.15479/AT:ISTA:8067</a>.
  short: A. Varzi, K. Thanner, R. Scipioni, D. Di Lecce, J. Hassoun, S. Dörfler, H.
    Altheus, S. Kaskel, C. Prehal, S.A. Freunberger, Current Status and Future Perspectives
    of Lithium Metal Batteries, IST Austria, n.d.
date_created: 2020-06-30T07:37:39Z
date_published: 2020-07-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2023-08-22T09:20:36Z
day: '01'
ddc:
- '540'
department:
- _id: StFr
doi: 10.15479/AT:ISTA:8067
file:
- access_level: open_access
  checksum: d183ca1465a1cbb4f8db27875cd156f7
  content_type: application/pdf
  creator: dernst
  date_created: 2020-07-02T07:36:04Z
  date_updated: 2020-07-14T12:48:08Z
  file_id: '8076'
  file_name: 20200612_JPS_review_Li_metal_submitted.pdf
  file_size: 2612498
  relation: main_file
file_date_updated: 2020-07-14T12:48:08Z
has_accepted_license: '1'
keyword:
- Battery
- Lithium metal
- Lithium-sulphur
- Lithium-air
- All-solid-state
language:
- iso: eng
month: '07'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
page: '63'
publication_identifier:
  issn:
  - 2664-1690
publication_status: submitted
publisher: IST Austria
related_material:
  record:
  - id: '8361'
    relation: later_version
    status: public
status: public
title: Current status and future perspectives of Lithium metal batteries
type: technical_report
user_id: 8b945eb4-e2f2-11eb-945a-df72226e66a9
year: '2020'
...
---
_id: '8081'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: "Here, we employ micro- and nanosized cellulose particles, namely paper fines
    and cellulose\r\nnanocrystals, to induce hierarchical organization over a wide
    length scale. After processing\r\nthem into carbonaceous materials, we demonstrate
    that these hierarchically organized materials\r\noutperform the best materials
    for supercapacitors operating with organic electrolytes reported\r\nin literature
    in terms of specific energy/power (Ragone plot) while showing hardly any capacity\r\nfade
    over 4,000 cycles. The highly porous materials feature a specific surface area
    as high as\r\n2500 m2ˑg-1 and exhibit pore sizes in the range of 0.5 to 200 nm
    as proven by scanning electron\r\nmicroscopy and N2 physisorption. The carbonaceous
    materials have been further investigated\r\nby X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy
    and RAMAN spectroscopy. Since paper fines are an\r\nunderutilized side stream
    in any paper production process, they are a cheap and highly available\r\nfeedstock
    to prepare carbonaceous materials with outstanding performance in electrochemical\r\napplications. "
acknowledgement: 'The authors M.A.H., S.S., R.E., and W.B. acknowledge the industrial
  partners Sappi Gratkorn, Zellstoff Pöls and Mondi Frantschach, the Austrian Research
  Promotion Agency (FFG), COMET, BMVIT, BMWFJ, the Province of Styria and Carinthia
  for their financial support of the K-project Flippr²-Process Integration. E.M. and
  S.A.F. are indebted to the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s
  Horizon 2020 research and innovation program (grant agreement No 636069). W. T.
  and S. E. thank FWO (G.0C60.13N) and the European Union’s European Fund for Regional
  Development and Flanders Innovation & Entrepreneurship (Accelerate3 project, Interreg
  Vlaanderen-Nederland program) for financial support. W. T. also thanks the Provincie
  West-Vlaanderen (Belgium) for his Provincial Chair in Advanced Materials. S. B.
  thanks the European Regional Development Fund (EFRE) and the province of Upper Austria
  for financial support through the program IWB 2014-2020 (project BioCarb-K). AMR
  gratefully acknowledges funding support through the SC EPSCoR/IDeAProgram under
  Award #18-SR03, and the NASA EPSCoR Program under Award #NNH17ZHA002C. Icons in
  Scheme 1 were provided by Good Ware, monkik, photo3idea_studio, and OCHA from www.flaticon.com.'
article_processing_charge: No
author:
- first_name: 'Mathias A. '
  full_name: 'Hobisch, Mathias A. '
  last_name: Hobisch
- first_name: 'Eléonore '
  full_name: 'Mourad, Eléonore '
  last_name: Mourad
- first_name: 'Wolfgang J. '
  full_name: 'Fischer, Wolfgang J. '
  last_name: Fischer
- first_name: 'Christian '
  full_name: 'Prehal, Christian '
  last_name: Prehal
- first_name: 'Samuel '
  full_name: 'Eyley, Samuel '
  last_name: Eyley
- first_name: 'Anthony '
  full_name: 'Childress, Anthony '
  last_name: Childress
- first_name: 'Armin '
  full_name: 'Zankel, Armin '
  last_name: Zankel
- first_name: 'Andreas '
  full_name: 'Mautner, Andreas '
  last_name: Mautner
- first_name: 'Stefan '
  full_name: 'Breitenbach, Stefan '
  last_name: Breitenbach
- first_name: 'Apparao M. '
  full_name: 'Rao, Apparao M. '
  last_name: Rao
- first_name: 'Wim '
  full_name: 'Thielemans, Wim '
  last_name: Thielemans
- first_name: Stefan Alexander
  full_name: Freunberger, Stefan Alexander
  id: A8CA28E6-CE23-11E9-AD2D-EC27E6697425
  last_name: Freunberger
  orcid: 0000-0003-2902-5319
- first_name: 'Rene '
  full_name: 'Eckhart, Rene '
  last_name: Eckhart
- first_name: 'Wolfgang '
  full_name: 'Bauer, Wolfgang '
  last_name: Bauer
- first_name: 'Stefan '
  full_name: 'Spirk, Stefan '
  last_name: Spirk
citation:
  ama: Hobisch MA, Mourad E, Fischer WJ, et al. High specific capacitance supercapacitors
    from hierarchically organized all-cellulose composites.
  apa: Hobisch, M. A., Mourad, E., Fischer, W. J., Prehal, C., Eyley, S., Childress,
    A., … Spirk, S. (n.d.). High specific capacitance supercapacitors from hierarchically
    organized all-cellulose composites.
  chicago: Hobisch, Mathias A. , Eléonore  Mourad, Wolfgang J.  Fischer, Christian  Prehal,
    Samuel  Eyley, Anthony  Childress, Armin  Zankel, et al. “High Specific Capacitance
    Supercapacitors from Hierarchically Organized All-Cellulose Composites,” n.d.
  ieee: M. A. Hobisch <i>et al.</i>, “High specific capacitance supercapacitors from
    hierarchically organized all-cellulose composites.” .
  ista: Hobisch MA, Mourad E, Fischer WJ, Prehal C, Eyley S, Childress A, Zankel A,
    Mautner A, Breitenbach S, Rao AM, Thielemans W, Freunberger SA, Eckhart R, Bauer
    W, Spirk S. High specific capacitance supercapacitors from hierarchically organized
    all-cellulose composites.
  mla: Hobisch, Mathias A., et al. <i>High Specific Capacitance Supercapacitors from
    Hierarchically Organized All-Cellulose Composites</i>.
  short: M.A. Hobisch, E. Mourad, W.J. Fischer, C. Prehal, S. Eyley, A. Childress,
    A. Zankel, A. Mautner, S. Breitenbach, A.M. Rao, W. Thielemans, S.A. Freunberger,
    R. Eckhart, W. Bauer, S. Spirk, (n.d.).
date_created: 2020-07-02T20:24:42Z
date_published: 2020-07-13T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2022-06-17T08:39:49Z
day: '13'
ddc:
- '540'
department:
- _id: StFr
file:
- access_level: open_access
  checksum: 6970d621984c03ebc2eee71adfe706dd
  content_type: application/pdf
  creator: sfreunbe
  date_created: 2020-07-02T20:21:59Z
  date_updated: 2020-07-14T12:48:09Z
  file_id: '8082'
  file_name: AM.pdf
  file_size: 1129852
  relation: main_file
- access_level: open_access
  checksum: cd74c7bd47d6e7163d54d67f074dcc36
  content_type: application/pdf
  creator: cziletti
  date_created: 2020-07-08T12:14:04Z
  date_updated: 2020-07-14T12:48:09Z
  file_id: '8102'
  file_name: Supporting_Information.pdf
  file_size: 945565
  relation: supplementary_material
file_date_updated: 2020-07-14T12:48:09Z
has_accepted_license: '1'
language:
- iso: eng
month: '07'
oa: 1
oa_version: Submitted Version
publication_status: submitted
status: public
title: High specific capacitance supercapacitors from hierarchically organized all-cellulose
  composites
type: preprint
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
year: '2020'
...
---
_id: '8329'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: We show the synthesis of a redox‐active quinone, 2‐methoxy‐1,4‐hydroquinone
    (MHQ), from a bio‐based feedstock and its suitability as electrolyte in aqueous
    redox flow batteries. We identified semiquinone intermediates at insufficiently
    low pH and quinoid radicals as responsible for decomposition of MHQ under electrochemical
    conditions. Both can be avoided and/or stabilized, respectively, using H 3 PO
    4 electrolyte, allowing for reversible cycling in a redox flow battery for hundreds
    of cycles.
acknowledgement: The Austrian Research Promotion Agency (FFG) is gratefully acknowledged
  for financial support of the project LignoBatt (860429).
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Werner
  full_name: Schlemmer, Werner
  last_name: Schlemmer
- first_name: Philipp
  full_name: Nothdurft, Philipp
  last_name: Nothdurft
- first_name: Alina
  full_name: Petzold, Alina
  last_name: Petzold
- first_name: Philipp
  full_name: Frühwirt, Philipp
  last_name: Frühwirt
- first_name: Max
  full_name: Schmallegger, Max
  last_name: Schmallegger
- first_name: Georg
  full_name: Gescheidt-Demner, Georg
  last_name: Gescheidt-Demner
- first_name: Roland
  full_name: Fischer, Roland
  last_name: Fischer
- first_name: Stefan Alexander
  full_name: Freunberger, Stefan Alexander
  id: A8CA28E6-CE23-11E9-AD2D-EC27E6697425
  last_name: Freunberger
  orcid: 0000-0003-2902-5319
- first_name: Wolfgang
  full_name: Kern, Wolfgang
  last_name: Kern
- first_name: Stefan
  full_name: Spirk, Stefan
  last_name: Spirk
citation:
  ama: Schlemmer W, Nothdurft P, Petzold A, et al. 2‐methoxyhydroquinone from vanillin
    for aqueous redox‐flow batteries. <i>Angewandte Chemie International Edition</i>.
    2020;59(51):22943-22946. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.202008253">10.1002/anie.202008253</a>
  apa: Schlemmer, W., Nothdurft, P., Petzold, A., Frühwirt, P., Schmallegger, M.,
    Gescheidt-Demner, G., … Spirk, S. (2020). 2‐methoxyhydroquinone from vanillin
    for aqueous redox‐flow batteries. <i>Angewandte Chemie International Edition</i>.
    Wiley. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.202008253">https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.202008253</a>
  chicago: Schlemmer, Werner, Philipp Nothdurft, Alina Petzold, Philipp Frühwirt,
    Max Schmallegger, Georg Gescheidt-Demner, Roland Fischer, Stefan Alexander Freunberger,
    Wolfgang Kern, and Stefan Spirk. “2‐methoxyhydroquinone from Vanillin for Aqueous
    Redox‐flow Batteries.” <i>Angewandte Chemie International Edition</i>. Wiley,
    2020. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.202008253">https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.202008253</a>.
  ieee: W. Schlemmer <i>et al.</i>, “2‐methoxyhydroquinone from vanillin for aqueous
    redox‐flow batteries,” <i>Angewandte Chemie International Edition</i>, vol. 59,
    no. 51. Wiley, pp. 22943–22946, 2020.
  ista: Schlemmer W, Nothdurft P, Petzold A, Frühwirt P, Schmallegger M, Gescheidt-Demner
    G, Fischer R, Freunberger SA, Kern W, Spirk S. 2020. 2‐methoxyhydroquinone from
    vanillin for aqueous redox‐flow batteries. Angewandte Chemie International Edition.
    59(51), 22943–22946.
  mla: Schlemmer, Werner, et al. “2‐methoxyhydroquinone from Vanillin for Aqueous
    Redox‐flow Batteries.” <i>Angewandte Chemie International Edition</i>, vol. 59,
    no. 51, Wiley, 2020, pp. 22943–46, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.202008253">10.1002/anie.202008253</a>.
  short: W. Schlemmer, P. Nothdurft, A. Petzold, P. Frühwirt, M. Schmallegger, G.
    Gescheidt-Demner, R. Fischer, S.A. Freunberger, W. Kern, S. Spirk, Angewandte
    Chemie International Edition 59 (2020) 22943–22946.
date_created: 2020-09-03T16:10:56Z
date_published: 2020-12-14T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2023-09-05T16:03:47Z
day: '14'
department:
- _id: StFr
doi: 10.1002/anie.202008253
external_id:
  isi:
  - '000576148700001'
intvolume: '        59'
isi: 1
issue: '51'
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
  url: https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.202008253
month: '12'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
page: 22943-22946
publication: Angewandte Chemie International Edition
publication_identifier:
  eissn:
  - 1521-3773
  issn:
  - 1433-7851
publication_status: published
publisher: Wiley
quality_controlled: '1'
related_material:
  record:
  - id: '9780'
    relation: research_data
    status: public
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: 2‐methoxyhydroquinone from vanillin for aqueous redox‐flow batteries
type: journal_article
user_id: c635000d-4b10-11ee-a964-aac5a93f6ac1
volume: 59
year: '2020'
...
---
_id: '8361'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: With the lithium-ion technology approaching its intrinsic limit with graphite-based
    anodes, Li metal is recently receiving renewed interest from the battery community
    as potential high capacity anode for next-generation rechargeable batteries. In
    this focus paper, we review the main advances in this field since the first attempts
    in the mid-1970s. Strategies for enabling reversible cycling and avoiding dendrite
    growth are thoroughly discussed, including specific applications in all-solid-state
    (inorganic and polymeric), Lithium–Sulfur (Li–S) and Lithium-O2 (air) batteries.
    A particular attention is paid to recent developments of these battery technologies
    and their current state with respect to the 2030 targets of the EU Integrated
    Strategic Energy Technology Plan (SET-Plan) Action 7.
acknowledgement: A.V. and K.T. acknowledge, respectively, the financial support of
  the Helmholtz Association and BMW AG. J.H. acknowledges the collabo-ration project
  “Accordo di Collaborazione Quadro 2015” between Uni-versity of  Ferrara (Department
  of  Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences) and Sapienza University of Rome (Department
  of Chemistry). S.D., H.A. and S.K. thank the Fraunhofer Gesellschaft, Technische
  Uni-versit ̈at  Dresden and would like to  acknowledge European Union’s Horizon
  2020 research and innovation programme under grant agree-ment No 814471. S.A.F.
  and C.P. are indebted to the European Research Council (ERC) under the European
  Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program (grant agreement no. 636069)
  and IST Austria.
article_number: '228803'
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Alberto
  full_name: Varzi, Alberto
  last_name: Varzi
  orcid: 0000-0001-5069-0589
- first_name: Katharina
  full_name: Thanner, Katharina
  last_name: Thanner
  orcid: 0000-0001-5394-2323
- first_name: Roberto
  full_name: Scipioni, Roberto
  last_name: Scipioni
  orcid: 0000-0003-1926-421X
- first_name: Daniele
  full_name: Di Lecce, Daniele
  last_name: Di Lecce
- first_name: Jusef
  full_name: Hassoun, Jusef
  last_name: Hassoun
- first_name: Susanne
  full_name: Dörfler, Susanne
  last_name: Dörfler
- first_name: Holger
  full_name: Altheus, Holger
  last_name: Altheus
- first_name: Stefan
  full_name: Kaskel, Stefan
  last_name: Kaskel
- first_name: Christian
  full_name: Prehal, Christian
  last_name: Prehal
  orcid: 0000-0003-0654-0940
- first_name: Stefan Alexander
  full_name: Freunberger, Stefan Alexander
  id: A8CA28E6-CE23-11E9-AD2D-EC27E6697425
  last_name: Freunberger
  orcid: 0000-0003-2902-5319
citation:
  ama: Varzi A, Thanner K, Scipioni R, et al. Current status and future perspectives
    of lithium metal batteries. <i>Journal of Power Sources</i>. 2020;480(12). doi:<a
    href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2020.228803">10.1016/j.jpowsour.2020.228803</a>
  apa: Varzi, A., Thanner, K., Scipioni, R., Di Lecce, D., Hassoun, J., Dörfler, S.,
    … Freunberger, S. A. (2020). Current status and future perspectives of lithium
    metal batteries. <i>Journal of Power Sources</i>. Elsevier. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2020.228803">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2020.228803</a>
  chicago: Varzi, Alberto, Katharina Thanner, Roberto Scipioni, Daniele Di Lecce,
    Jusef Hassoun, Susanne Dörfler, Holger Altheus, Stefan Kaskel, Christian Prehal,
    and Stefan Alexander Freunberger. “Current Status and Future Perspectives of Lithium
    Metal Batteries.” <i>Journal of Power Sources</i>. Elsevier, 2020. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2020.228803">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2020.228803</a>.
  ieee: A. Varzi <i>et al.</i>, “Current status and future perspectives of lithium
    metal batteries,” <i>Journal of Power Sources</i>, vol. 480, no. 12. Elsevier,
    2020.
  ista: Varzi A, Thanner K, Scipioni R, Di Lecce D, Hassoun J, Dörfler S, Altheus
    H, Kaskel S, Prehal C, Freunberger SA. 2020. Current status and future perspectives
    of lithium metal batteries. Journal of Power Sources. 480(12), 228803.
  mla: Varzi, Alberto, et al. “Current Status and Future Perspectives of Lithium Metal
    Batteries.” <i>Journal of Power Sources</i>, vol. 480, no. 12, 228803, Elsevier,
    2020, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2020.228803">10.1016/j.jpowsour.2020.228803</a>.
  short: A. Varzi, K. Thanner, R. Scipioni, D. Di Lecce, J. Hassoun, S. Dörfler, H.
    Altheus, S. Kaskel, C. Prehal, S.A. Freunberger, Journal of Power Sources 480
    (2020).
date_created: 2020-09-10T10:48:40Z
date_published: 2020-12-31T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2023-08-22T09:20:37Z
day: '31'
department:
- _id: StFr
doi: 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2020.228803
external_id:
  isi:
  - '000593857300001'
intvolume: '       480'
isi: 1
issue: '12'
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
  url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2020.228803
month: '12'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
publication: Journal of Power Sources
publication_identifier:
  issn:
  - 0378-7753
publication_status: published
publisher: Elsevier
quality_controlled: '1'
related_material:
  record:
  - id: '8067'
    relation: earlier_version
    status: public
status: public
title: Current status and future perspectives of lithium metal batteries
type: journal_article
user_id: 4359f0d1-fa6c-11eb-b949-802e58b17ae8
volume: 480
year: '2020'
...
---
_id: '8568'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: Aqueous iodine based electrochemical energy storage is considered a potential
    candidate to improve sustainability and performance of current battery and supercapacitor
    technology. It harnesses the redox activity of iodide, iodine, and polyiodide
    species in the confined geometry of nanoporous carbon electrodes. However, current
    descriptions of the electrochemical reaction mechanism to interconvert these species
    are elusive. Here we show that electrochemical oxidation of iodide in nanoporous
    carbons forms persistent solid iodine deposits. Confinement slows down dissolution
    into triiodide and pentaiodide, responsible for otherwise significant self-discharge
    via shuttling. The main tools for these insights are in situ Raman spectroscopy
    and in situ small and wide-angle X-ray scattering (in situ SAXS/WAXS). In situ
    Raman confirms the reversible formation of triiodide and pentaiodide. In situ
    SAXS/WAXS indicates remarkable amounts of solid iodine deposited in the carbon
    nanopores. Combined with stochastic modeling, in situ SAXS allows quantifying
    the solid iodine volume fraction and visualizing the iodine structure on 3D lattice
    models at the sub-nanometer scale. Based on the derived mechanism, we demonstrate
    strategies for improved iodine pore filling capacity and prevention of self-discharge,
    applicable to hybrid supercapacitors and batteries.
article_number: '4838'
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Christian
  full_name: Prehal, Christian
  last_name: Prehal
- first_name: Harald
  full_name: Fitzek, Harald
  last_name: Fitzek
- first_name: Gerald
  full_name: Kothleitner, Gerald
  last_name: Kothleitner
- first_name: Volker
  full_name: Presser, Volker
  last_name: Presser
- first_name: Bernhard
  full_name: Gollas, Bernhard
  last_name: Gollas
- first_name: Stefan Alexander
  full_name: Freunberger, Stefan Alexander
  id: A8CA28E6-CE23-11E9-AD2D-EC27E6697425
  last_name: Freunberger
  orcid: 0000-0003-2902-5319
- first_name: Qamar
  full_name: Abbas, Qamar
  last_name: Abbas
citation:
  ama: Prehal C, Fitzek H, Kothleitner G, et al. Persistent and reversible solid iodine
    electrodeposition in nanoporous carbons. <i>Nature Communications</i>. 2020;11.
    doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-18610-6">10.1038/s41467-020-18610-6</a>
  apa: Prehal, C., Fitzek, H., Kothleitner, G., Presser, V., Gollas, B., Freunberger,
    S. A., &#38; Abbas, Q. (2020). Persistent and reversible solid iodine electrodeposition
    in nanoporous carbons. <i>Nature Communications</i>. Springer Nature. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-18610-6">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-18610-6</a>
  chicago: Prehal, Christian, Harald Fitzek, Gerald Kothleitner, Volker Presser, Bernhard
    Gollas, Stefan Alexander Freunberger, and Qamar Abbas. “Persistent and Reversible
    Solid Iodine Electrodeposition in Nanoporous Carbons.” <i>Nature Communications</i>.
    Springer Nature, 2020. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-18610-6">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-18610-6</a>.
  ieee: C. Prehal <i>et al.</i>, “Persistent and reversible solid iodine electrodeposition
    in nanoporous carbons,” <i>Nature Communications</i>, vol. 11. Springer Nature,
    2020.
  ista: Prehal C, Fitzek H, Kothleitner G, Presser V, Gollas B, Freunberger SA, Abbas
    Q. 2020. Persistent and reversible solid iodine electrodeposition in nanoporous
    carbons. Nature Communications. 11, 4838.
  mla: Prehal, Christian, et al. “Persistent and Reversible Solid Iodine Electrodeposition
    in Nanoporous Carbons.” <i>Nature Communications</i>, vol. 11, 4838, Springer
    Nature, 2020, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-18610-6">10.1038/s41467-020-18610-6</a>.
  short: C. Prehal, H. Fitzek, G. Kothleitner, V. Presser, B. Gollas, S.A. Freunberger,
    Q. Abbas, Nature Communications 11 (2020).
date_created: 2020-09-25T07:23:13Z
date_published: 2020-09-24T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2023-08-22T09:37:24Z
day: '24'
ddc:
- '530'
department:
- _id: StFr
doi: 10.1038/s41467-020-18610-6
external_id:
  isi:
  - '000573756600004'
file:
- access_level: open_access
  checksum: eada7bc8dd16a49390137cff882ef328
  content_type: application/pdf
  creator: dernst
  date_created: 2020-09-28T13:16:15Z
  date_updated: 2020-09-28T13:16:15Z
  file_id: '8585'
  file_name: 2020_NatureComm_Prehal.pdf
  file_size: 1822469
  relation: main_file
  success: 1
file_date_updated: 2020-09-28T13:16:15Z
has_accepted_license: '1'
intvolume: '        11'
isi: 1
keyword:
- General Biochemistry
- Genetics and Molecular Biology
- General Physics and Astronomy
- General Chemistry
language:
- iso: eng
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
month: '09'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
publication: Nature Communications
publication_identifier:
  issn:
  - 2041-1723
publication_status: published
publisher: Springer Nature
quality_controlled: '1'
related_material:
  link:
  - relation: erratum
    url: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-19720-x
status: public
title: Persistent and reversible solid iodine electrodeposition in nanoporous carbons
tmp:
  image: /images/cc_by.png
  legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode
  name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)
  short: CC BY (4.0)
type: journal_article
user_id: 4359f0d1-fa6c-11eb-b949-802e58b17ae8
volume: 11
year: '2020'
...
---
_id: '7672'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: Large overpotentials upon discharge and charge of Li-O2 cells have motivated
    extensive research into heterogeneous solid electrocatalysts or non-carbon electrodes
    with the aim to improve rate capability, round-trip efficiency and cycle life.
    These features are equally governed by parasitic reactions, which are now recognized
    to be caused by the highly reactive singlet oxygen (1O2). However, the link between
    the presence of electrocatalysts and 1O2 formation in metal-O2 cells is unknown.
    Here, we show that, compared to pristine carbon black electrodes, a representative
    selection of electrocatalysts or non-carbon electrodes (noble metal, transition
    metal compounds) may both slightly reduce or severely increase the 1O2 formation.
    The individual reaction steps, where the surfaces impact the 1O2 yield are deciphered,
    showing that 1O2 yield from superoxide disproportionation as well as the decomposition
    of trace H2O2 are sensitive to catalysts. Transition metal compounds in general
    are prone to increase 1O2.
acknowledgement: S.A.F. thanks the International Society of Electrochemistry for awarding
  the Tajima Prize 2019 “in recognition of outstanding re- searches on Li-Air batteries
  by the use of a range of in-situ elec- trochemical methods to achieve comprehensive
  understanding of the reactions taking place at the oxygen electrode”. This article
  is dedicated to the special issue of Electrochmica Acta associated with the awarding
  conference. S.A.F. is indebted to and the Austrian Federal Ministry of Science,
  Research and Economy and the Austrian Research Promotion Agency (grant No. 845364
  ) and the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020
  research and innovation programme (grant agreement No 636069). The authors thank
  J. Schlegl for manufacturing instrumentation, M. Winkler of Acib GmbH and G. Strohmeier
  for help with HPLC measurements, S. Eder for cyclic voltammetry measurements, and
  C. Slugovc for discussions and continuous support. We thank S. Borisov for access
  and advice with fluorescence measurements. We thank EL-Cell GmbH, Hamburg, Germany
  for providing the PAT-Cell-Press electrochemical cell.
article_number: '137175'
article_processing_charge: Yes (via OA deal)
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Aleksej
  full_name: Samojlov, Aleksej
  last_name: Samojlov
- first_name: David
  full_name: Schuster, David
  last_name: Schuster
- first_name: Jürgen
  full_name: Kahr, Jürgen
  last_name: Kahr
- first_name: Stefan Alexander
  full_name: Freunberger, Stefan Alexander
  id: A8CA28E6-CE23-11E9-AD2D-EC27E6697425
  last_name: Freunberger
  orcid: 0000-0003-2902-5319
citation:
  ama: Samojlov A, Schuster D, Kahr J, Freunberger SA. Surface and catalyst driven
    singlet oxygen formation in Li-O2 cells. <i>Electrochimica Acta</i>. 2020;362(12).
    doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2020.137175">10.1016/j.electacta.2020.137175</a>
  apa: Samojlov, A., Schuster, D., Kahr, J., &#38; Freunberger, S. A. (2020). Surface
    and catalyst driven singlet oxygen formation in Li-O2 cells. <i>Electrochimica
    Acta</i>. Elsevier. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2020.137175">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2020.137175</a>
  chicago: Samojlov, Aleksej, David Schuster, Jürgen Kahr, and Stefan Alexander Freunberger.
    “Surface and Catalyst Driven Singlet Oxygen Formation in Li-O2 Cells.” <i>Electrochimica
    Acta</i>. Elsevier, 2020. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2020.137175">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2020.137175</a>.
  ieee: A. Samojlov, D. Schuster, J. Kahr, and S. A. Freunberger, “Surface and catalyst
    driven singlet oxygen formation in Li-O2 cells,” <i>Electrochimica Acta</i>, vol.
    362, no. 12. Elsevier, 2020.
  ista: Samojlov A, Schuster D, Kahr J, Freunberger SA. 2020. Surface and catalyst
    driven singlet oxygen formation in Li-O2 cells. Electrochimica Acta. 362(12),
    137175.
  mla: Samojlov, Aleksej, et al. “Surface and Catalyst Driven Singlet Oxygen Formation
    in Li-O2 Cells.” <i>Electrochimica Acta</i>, vol. 362, no. 12, 137175, Elsevier,
    2020, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2020.137175">10.1016/j.electacta.2020.137175</a>.
  short: A. Samojlov, D. Schuster, J. Kahr, S.A. Freunberger, Electrochimica Acta
    362 (2020).
date_created: 2020-04-20T19:29:31Z
date_published: 2020-12-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2023-08-21T06:14:21Z
day: '01'
ddc:
- '540'
department:
- _id: StFr
doi: 10.1016/j.electacta.2020.137175
external_id:
  isi:
  - '000582869700060'
file:
- access_level: open_access
  checksum: 1ab1aa2024d431e2a089ea336bc08298
  content_type: application/pdf
  creator: dernst
  date_created: 2020-10-01T13:20:45Z
  date_updated: 2020-10-01T13:20:45Z
  file_id: '8593'
  file_name: 2020_ElectrochimicaActa_Samojlov.pdf
  file_size: 1404030
  relation: main_file
  success: 1
file_date_updated: 2020-10-01T13:20:45Z
has_accepted_license: '1'
intvolume: '       362'
isi: 1
issue: '12'
language:
- iso: eng
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
month: '12'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
publication: Electrochimica Acta
publication_status: published
publisher: Elsevier
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: Surface and catalyst driven singlet oxygen formation in Li-O2 cells
tmp:
  image: /images/cc_by_nc_nd.png
  legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/legalcode
  name: Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International
    (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)
  short: CC BY-NC-ND (4.0)
type: journal_article
user_id: 4359f0d1-fa6c-11eb-b949-802e58b17ae8
volume: 362
year: '2020'
...
---
_id: '9780'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: "PADREV : 4,4'-dimethoxy[1,1'-biphenyl]-2,2',5,5'-tetrol\r\nSpace Group: C
    2 (5), Cell: a 24.488(16)Å b 5.981(4)Å c 3.911(3)Å, α 90° β 91.47(3)° γ 90°"
article_processing_charge: No
author:
- first_name: Werner
  full_name: Schlemmer, Werner
  last_name: Schlemmer
- first_name: Philipp
  full_name: Nothdurft, Philipp
  last_name: Nothdurft
- first_name: Alina
  full_name: Petzold, Alina
  last_name: Petzold
- first_name: Gisbert
  full_name: Riess, Gisbert
  last_name: Riess
- first_name: Philipp
  full_name: Frühwirt, Philipp
  last_name: Frühwirt
- first_name: Max
  full_name: Schmallegger, Max
  last_name: Schmallegger
- first_name: Georg
  full_name: Gescheidt-Demner, Georg
  last_name: Gescheidt-Demner
- first_name: Roland
  full_name: Fischer, Roland
  last_name: Fischer
- first_name: Stefan Alexander
  full_name: Freunberger, Stefan Alexander
  id: A8CA28E6-CE23-11E9-AD2D-EC27E6697425
  last_name: Freunberger
  orcid: 0000-0003-2902-5319
- first_name: Wolfgang
  full_name: Kern, Wolfgang
  last_name: Kern
- first_name: Stefan
  full_name: Spirk, Stefan
  last_name: Spirk
citation:
  ama: 'Schlemmer W, Nothdurft P, Petzold A, et al. CCDC 1991959: Experimental Crystal
    Structure Determination. 2020. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.5517/ccdc.csd.cc24vsrk">10.5517/ccdc.csd.cc24vsrk</a>'
  apa: 'Schlemmer, W., Nothdurft, P., Petzold, A., Riess, G., Frühwirt, P., Schmallegger,
    M., … Spirk, S. (2020). CCDC 1991959: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination.
    CCDC. <a href="https://doi.org/10.5517/ccdc.csd.cc24vsrk">https://doi.org/10.5517/ccdc.csd.cc24vsrk</a>'
  chicago: 'Schlemmer, Werner, Philipp Nothdurft, Alina Petzold, Gisbert Riess, Philipp
    Frühwirt, Max Schmallegger, Georg Gescheidt-Demner, et al. “CCDC 1991959: Experimental
    Crystal Structure Determination.” CCDC, 2020. <a href="https://doi.org/10.5517/ccdc.csd.cc24vsrk">https://doi.org/10.5517/ccdc.csd.cc24vsrk</a>.'
  ieee: 'W. Schlemmer <i>et al.</i>, “CCDC 1991959: Experimental Crystal Structure
    Determination.” CCDC, 2020.'
  ista: 'Schlemmer W, Nothdurft P, Petzold A, Riess G, Frühwirt P, Schmallegger M,
    Gescheidt-Demner G, Fischer R, Freunberger SA, Kern W, Spirk S. 2020. CCDC 1991959:
    Experimental Crystal Structure Determination, CCDC, <a href="https://doi.org/10.5517/ccdc.csd.cc24vsrk">10.5517/ccdc.csd.cc24vsrk</a>.'
  mla: 'Schlemmer, Werner, et al. <i>CCDC 1991959: Experimental Crystal Structure
    Determination</i>. CCDC, 2020, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.5517/ccdc.csd.cc24vsrk">10.5517/ccdc.csd.cc24vsrk</a>.'
  short: W. Schlemmer, P. Nothdurft, A. Petzold, G. Riess, P. Frühwirt, M. Schmallegger,
    G. Gescheidt-Demner, R. Fischer, S.A. Freunberger, W. Kern, S. Spirk, (2020).
date_created: 2021-08-06T07:41:07Z
date_published: 2020-03-22T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2023-09-05T16:03:47Z
day: '22'
department:
- _id: StFr
doi: 10.5517/ccdc.csd.cc24vsrk
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
  url: https://dx.doi.org/10.5517/ccdc.csd.cc24vsrk
month: '03'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
publisher: CCDC
related_material:
  record:
  - id: '8329'
    relation: used_in_publication
    status: public
status: public
title: 'CCDC 1991959: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination'
type: research_data_reference
user_id: 6785fbc1-c503-11eb-8a32-93094b40e1cf
year: '2020'
...
