---
_id: '493'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: 'The BCI competition IV stands in the tradition of prior BCI competitions
    that aim to provide high quality neuroscientific data for open access to the scientific
    community. As experienced already in prior competitions not only scientists from
    the narrow field of BCI compete, but scholars with a broad variety of backgrounds
    and nationalities. They include high specialists as well as students.The goals
    of all BCI competitions have always been to challenge with respect to novel paradigms
    and complex data. We report on the following challenges: (1) asynchronous data,
    (2) synthetic, (3) multi-class continuous data, (4) sessionto-session transfer,
    (5) directionally modulated MEG, (6) finger movements recorded by ECoG. As after
    past competitions, our hope is that winning entries may enhance the analysis methods
    of future BCIs.'
acknowledgement: "The studies were in part or completely supported by the Bundesministerium
  für Bildung und Forschung (BMBF), Fkz 01IB001A, 01GQ0850, by the German Science
  Foundation (DFG, contract MU 987/3-2), by the European ICT Programme Projects FP7-224631
  and 216886, the World Class University Program through the National Research Foundation
  of Korea funded by the Ministry of Education, Science, and Technology (Grant R31-10008),
  the US Army Research Office [W911NF-08-1-0216 (Gerwin Schalk) and W911NF-07-1-0415
  (Gerwin Schalk)] and the NIH [EB006356 (Gerwin Schalk) and EB000856 (Gerwin Schalk),
  the WIN-Kolleg of the Heidelberg Academy of Sciences and Humanities, German Federal
  Ministry of Education and Research grants 01GQ0420, 01GQ0761, 01GQ0762, and 01GQ0830,
  German Research Foundation grants 550/B5 and C6, and by a scholarship from the German
  National Academic Foundation. This paper only reflects the authors’ views and funding
  agencies are not liable for any use that may be made of the information contained
  herein.\r\n"
article_number: '55'
author:
- first_name: Michael
  full_name: Tangermann, Michael
  last_name: Tangermann
- first_name: Klaus
  full_name: Müller, Klaus
  last_name: Müller
- first_name: Ad
  full_name: Aertsen, Ad
  last_name: Aertsen
- first_name: Niels
  full_name: Birbaumer, Niels
  last_name: Birbaumer
- first_name: Christoph
  full_name: Braun, Christoph
  last_name: Braun
- first_name: Clemens
  full_name: Brunner, Clemens
  last_name: Brunner
- first_name: Robert
  full_name: Leeb, Robert
  last_name: Leeb
- first_name: Carsten
  full_name: Mehring, Carsten
  last_name: Mehring
- first_name: Kai
  full_name: Miller, Kai
  last_name: Miller
- first_name: Gernot
  full_name: Müller Putz, Gernot
  last_name: Müller Putz
- first_name: Guido
  full_name: Nolte, Guido
  last_name: Nolte
- first_name: Gert
  full_name: Pfurtscheller, Gert
  last_name: Pfurtscheller
- first_name: Hubert
  full_name: Preissl, Hubert
  last_name: Preissl
- first_name: Gerwin
  full_name: Schalk, Gerwin
  last_name: Schalk
- first_name: Alois
  full_name: Schlögl, Alois
  id: 45BF87EE-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Schlögl
  orcid: 0000-0002-5621-8100
- first_name: Carmen
  full_name: Vidaurre, Carmen
  last_name: Vidaurre
- first_name: Stephan
  full_name: Waldert, Stephan
  last_name: Waldert
- first_name: Benjamin
  full_name: Blankertz, Benjamin
  last_name: Blankertz
citation:
  ama: Tangermann M, Müller K, Aertsen A, et al. Review of the BCI competition IV.
    <i>Frontiers in Neuroscience</i>. 2012;6. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2012.00055">10.3389/fnins.2012.00055</a>
  apa: Tangermann, M., Müller, K., Aertsen, A., Birbaumer, N., Braun, C., Brunner,
    C., … Blankertz, B. (2012). Review of the BCI competition IV. <i>Frontiers in
    Neuroscience</i>. Frontiers Research Foundation. <a href="https://doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2012.00055">https://doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2012.00055</a>
  chicago: Tangermann, Michael, Klaus Müller, Ad Aertsen, Niels Birbaumer, Christoph
    Braun, Clemens Brunner, Robert Leeb, et al. “Review of the BCI Competition IV.”
    <i>Frontiers in Neuroscience</i>. Frontiers Research Foundation, 2012. <a href="https://doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2012.00055">https://doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2012.00055</a>.
  ieee: M. Tangermann <i>et al.</i>, “Review of the BCI competition IV,” <i>Frontiers
    in Neuroscience</i>, vol. 6. Frontiers Research Foundation, 2012.
  ista: Tangermann M, Müller K, Aertsen A, Birbaumer N, Braun C, Brunner C, Leeb R,
    Mehring C, Miller K, Müller Putz G, Nolte G, Pfurtscheller G, Preissl H, Schalk
    G, Schlögl A, Vidaurre C, Waldert S, Blankertz B. 2012. Review of the BCI competition
    IV. Frontiers in Neuroscience. 6, 55.
  mla: Tangermann, Michael, et al. “Review of the BCI Competition IV.” <i>Frontiers
    in Neuroscience</i>, vol. 6, 55, Frontiers Research Foundation, 2012, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2012.00055">10.3389/fnins.2012.00055</a>.
  short: M. Tangermann, K. Müller, A. Aertsen, N. Birbaumer, C. Braun, C. Brunner,
    R. Leeb, C. Mehring, K. Miller, G. Müller Putz, G. Nolte, G. Pfurtscheller, H.
    Preissl, G. Schalk, A. Schlögl, C. Vidaurre, S. Waldert, B. Blankertz, Frontiers
    in Neuroscience 6 (2012).
date_created: 2018-12-11T11:46:46Z
date_published: 2012-07-13T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2021-01-12T08:01:03Z
day: '13'
ddc:
- '004'
department:
- _id: ScienComp
- _id: PeJo
doi: 10.3389/fnins.2012.00055
file:
- access_level: open_access
  checksum: 195238221c4b0b0f4035f6f6c16ea17c
  content_type: application/pdf
  creator: system
  date_created: 2018-12-12T10:18:34Z
  date_updated: 2020-07-14T12:46:35Z
  file_id: '5356'
  file_name: IST-2018-945-v1+1_2012_Schloegl_Review_of.pdf
  file_size: 2693701
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file_date_updated: 2020-07-14T12:46:35Z
has_accepted_license: '1'
intvolume: '         6'
language:
- iso: eng
month: '07'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
publication: Frontiers in Neuroscience
publication_status: published
publisher: Frontiers Research Foundation
publist_id: '7327'
pubrep_id: '945'
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: 1
status: public
title: Review of the BCI competition IV
tmp:
  image: /images/cc_by.png
  legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode
  name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)
  short: CC BY (4.0)
type: journal_article
user_id: 3E5EF7F0-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 6
year: '2012'
...
---
_id: '490'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: 'BioSig is an open source software library for biomedical signal processing.
    The aim of the BioSig project is to foster research in biomedical signal processing
    by providing free and open source software tools for many different application
    areas. Some of the areas where BioSig can be employed are neuroinformatics, brain-computer
    interfaces, neurophysiology, psychology, cardiovascular systems, and sleep research.
    Moreover, the analysis of biosignals such as the electroencephalogram (EEG), electrocorticogram
    (ECoG), electrocardiogram (ECG), electrooculogram (EOG), electromyogram (EMG),
    or respiration signals is a very relevant element of the BioSig project. Specifically,
    BioSig provides solutions for data acquisition, artifact processing, quality control,
    feature extraction, classification, modeling, and data visualization, to name
    a few. In this paper, we highlight several methods to help students and researchers
    to work more efficiently with biomedical signals. '
article_number: '935364'
author:
- first_name: Alois
  full_name: Schlögl, Alois
  id: 45BF87EE-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Schlögl
  orcid: 0000-0002-5621-8100
- first_name: Carmen
  full_name: Vidaurre, Carmen
  last_name: Vidaurre
- first_name: Tilmann
  full_name: Sander, Tilmann
  last_name: Sander
citation:
  ama: 'Schlögl A, Vidaurre C, Sander T. BioSig: The free and open source software
    library for biomedical signal processing. <i>Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience</i>.
    2011;2011. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1155/2011/935364">10.1155/2011/935364</a>'
  apa: 'Schlögl, A., Vidaurre, C., &#38; Sander, T. (2011). BioSig: The free and open
    source software library for biomedical signal processing. <i>Computational Intelligence
    and Neuroscience</i>. Hindawi Publishing Corporation. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1155/2011/935364">https://doi.org/10.1155/2011/935364</a>'
  chicago: 'Schlögl, Alois, Carmen Vidaurre, and Tilmann Sander. “BioSig: The Free
    and Open Source Software Library for Biomedical Signal Processing.” <i>Computational
    Intelligence and Neuroscience</i>. Hindawi Publishing Corporation, 2011. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1155/2011/935364">https://doi.org/10.1155/2011/935364</a>.'
  ieee: 'A. Schlögl, C. Vidaurre, and T. Sander, “BioSig: The free and open source
    software library for biomedical signal processing,” <i>Computational Intelligence
    and Neuroscience</i>, vol. 2011. Hindawi Publishing Corporation, 2011.'
  ista: 'Schlögl A, Vidaurre C, Sander T. 2011. BioSig: The free and open source software
    library for biomedical signal processing. Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience.
    2011, 935364.'
  mla: 'Schlögl, Alois, et al. “BioSig: The Free and Open Source Software Library
    for Biomedical Signal Processing.” <i>Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience</i>,
    vol. 2011, 935364, Hindawi Publishing Corporation, 2011, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1155/2011/935364">10.1155/2011/935364</a>.'
  short: A. Schlögl, C. Vidaurre, T. Sander, Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience
    2011 (2011).
date_created: 2018-12-11T11:46:45Z
date_published: 2011-01-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2021-01-12T08:01:02Z
day: '01'
ddc:
- '005'
department:
- _id: ScienComp
- _id: PeJo
doi: 10.1155/2011/935364
file:
- access_level: open_access
  checksum: 8263bbf255171f2054f43f3db5f53b6e
  content_type: application/pdf
  creator: system
  date_created: 2018-12-12T10:07:44Z
  date_updated: 2020-07-14T12:46:35Z
  file_id: '4642'
  file_name: IST-2018-947-v1+1_2011_Schloegl_BioSig.pdf
  file_size: 2863551
  relation: main_file
file_date_updated: 2020-07-14T12:46:35Z
has_accepted_license: '1'
intvolume: '      2011'
language:
- iso: eng
month: '01'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
publication: Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience
publication_status: published
publisher: Hindawi Publishing Corporation
publist_id: '7330'
pubrep_id: '947'
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: 1
status: public
title: 'BioSig: The free and open source software library for biomedical signal processing'
tmp:
  image: /images/cc_by.png
  legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode
  name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)
  short: CC BY (4.0)
type: journal_article
user_id: 4435EBFC-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 2011
year: '2011'
...
---
_id: '14983'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: 'This chapter tackles a difficult challenge: presenting signal processing
    material to non-experts. This chapter is meant to be comprehensible to people
    who have some math background, including a course in linear algebra and basic
    statistics, but do not specialize in mathematics, engineering, or related fields.
    Some formulas assume the reader is familiar with matrices and basic matrix operations,
    but not more advanced material. Furthermore, we tried to make the chapter readable
    even if you skip the formulas. Nevertheless, we include some simple methods to
    demonstrate the basics of adaptive data processing, then we proceed with some
    advanced methods that are fundamental in adaptive signal processing, and are likely
    to be useful in a variety of applications. The advanced algorithms are also online
    available [30]. In the second part, these techniques are applied to some real-world
    BCI data.'
acknowledgement: This work was supported by the EU grants “BrainCom” (FP6-2004-Mobility-5
  Grant No 024259) and “Multi-adaptive BCI” (MEIF-CT-2006 Grant No 040666). Furthermore,
  we thank Matthias Krauledat for fruitful discussions and tools for generating Fig.
  5.
alternative_title:
- The Frontiers Collection
article_processing_charge: No
author:
- first_name: Alois
  full_name: Schlögl, Alois
  id: 45BF87EE-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Schlögl
  orcid: 0000-0002-5621-8100
- first_name: Carmen
  full_name: Vidaurre, Carmen
  last_name: Vidaurre
- first_name: Klaus-Robert
  full_name: Müller, Klaus-Robert
  last_name: Müller
citation:
  ama: 'Schlögl A, Vidaurre C, Müller K-R. Adaptive Methods in BCI Research - An Introductory
    Tutorial. In: Graimann B, Pfurtscheller G, Allison B, eds. <i>Brain-Computer Interfaces</i>.
    1st ed. FRONTCOLL. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2010:331-355. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-02091-9_18">10.1007/978-3-642-02091-9_18</a>'
  apa: 'Schlögl, A., Vidaurre, C., &#38; Müller, K.-R. (2010). Adaptive Methods in
    BCI Research - An Introductory Tutorial. In B. Graimann, G. Pfurtscheller, &#38;
    B. Allison (Eds.), <i>Brain-Computer Interfaces</i> (1st ed., pp. 331–355). Berlin,
    Heidelberg: Springer. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-02091-9_18">https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-02091-9_18</a>'
  chicago: 'Schlögl, Alois, Carmen Vidaurre, and Klaus-Robert Müller. “Adaptive Methods
    in BCI Research - An Introductory Tutorial.” In <i>Brain-Computer Interfaces</i>,
    edited by Bernhard Graimann, Gert Pfurtscheller, and Brendan Allison, 1st ed.,
    331–55. FRONTCOLL. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer, 2010. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-02091-9_18">https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-02091-9_18</a>.'
  ieee: 'A. Schlögl, C. Vidaurre, and K.-R. Müller, “Adaptive Methods in BCI Research
    - An Introductory Tutorial,” in <i>Brain-Computer Interfaces</i>, 1st ed., B.
    Graimann, G. Pfurtscheller, and B. Allison, Eds. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer,
    2010, pp. 331–355.'
  ista: 'Schlögl A, Vidaurre C, Müller K-R. 2010.Adaptive Methods in BCI Research
    - An Introductory Tutorial. In: Brain-Computer Interfaces. The Frontiers Collection,
    , 331–355.'
  mla: Schlögl, Alois, et al. “Adaptive Methods in BCI Research - An Introductory
    Tutorial.” <i>Brain-Computer Interfaces</i>, edited by Bernhard Graimann et al.,
    1st ed., Springer, 2010, pp. 331–55, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-02091-9_18">10.1007/978-3-642-02091-9_18</a>.
  short: A. Schlögl, C. Vidaurre, K.-R. Müller, in:, B. Graimann, G. Pfurtscheller,
    B. Allison (Eds.), Brain-Computer Interfaces, 1st ed., Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg,
    2010, pp. 331–355.
date_created: 2024-02-14T09:56:00Z
date_published: 2010-09-06T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2024-02-19T09:47:25Z
day: '06'
department:
- _id: ScienComp
doi: 10.1007/978-3-642-02091-9_18
edition: '1'
editor:
- first_name: Bernhard
  full_name: Graimann, Bernhard
  last_name: Graimann
- first_name: Gert
  full_name: Pfurtscheller, Gert
  last_name: Pfurtscheller
- first_name: Brendan
  full_name: Allison, Brendan
  last_name: Allison
language:
- iso: eng
month: '09'
oa_version: None
page: 331-355
place: Berlin, Heidelberg
publication: Brain-Computer Interfaces
publication_identifier:
  eisbn:
  - '9783642020919'
  isbn:
  - '9783642020902'
  issn:
  - 1612-3018
publication_status: published
publisher: Springer
quality_controlled: '1'
series_title: FRONTCOLL
status: public
title: Adaptive Methods in BCI Research - An Introductory Tutorial
type: book_chapter
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
year: '2010'
...