@inproceedings{13139,
  abstract     = {A classical problem for Markov chains is determining their stationary (or steady-state) distribution. This problem has an equally classical solution based on eigenvectors and linear equation systems. However, this approach does not scale to large instances, and iterative solutions are desirable. It turns out that a naive approach, as used by current model checkers, may yield completely wrong results. We present a new approach, which utilizes recent advances in partial exploration and mean payoff computation to obtain a correct, converging approximation.},
  author       = {Meggendorfer, Tobias},
  booktitle    = {TACAS 2023: Tools and Algorithms for the Construction and Analysis of Systems},
  isbn         = {9783031308222},
  issn         = {1611-3349},
  location     = {Paris, France},
  pages        = {489--507},
  publisher    = {Springer Nature},
  title        = {{Correct approximation of stationary distributions}},
  doi          = {10.1007/978-3-031-30823-9_25},
  volume       = {13993},
  year         = {2023},
}

@inproceedings{13141,
  abstract     = {We automatically compute a new class of environment assumptions in two-player turn-based finite graph games which characterize an “adequate cooperation” needed from the environment to allow the system player to win. Given an ω-regular winning condition Φ for the system player, we compute an ω-regular assumption Ψ for the environment player, such that (i) every environment strategy compliant with Ψ allows the system to fulfill Φ (sufficiency), (ii) Ψ
 can be fulfilled by the environment for every strategy of the system (implementability), and (iii) Ψ does not prevent any cooperative strategy choice (permissiveness).
For parity games, which are canonical representations of ω-regular games, we present a polynomial-time algorithm for the symbolic computation of adequately permissive assumptions and show that our algorithm runs faster and produces better assumptions than existing approaches—both theoretically and empirically. To the best of our knowledge, for ω
-regular games, we provide the first algorithm to compute sufficient and implementable environment assumptions that are also permissive.},
  author       = {Anand, Ashwani and Mallik, Kaushik and Nayak, Satya Prakash and Schmuck, Anne Kathrin},
  booktitle    = {TACAS 2023: Tools and Algorithms for the Construction and Analysis of Systems},
  isbn         = {9783031308192},
  issn         = {1611-3349},
  location     = {Paris, France},
  pages        = {211--228},
  publisher    = {Springer Nature},
  title        = {{Computing adequately permissive assumptions for synthesis}},
  doi          = {10.1007/978-3-031-30820-8_15},
  volume       = {13994},
  year         = {2023},
}

@inproceedings{13142,
  abstract     = {Reinforcement learning has received much attention for learning controllers of deterministic systems. We consider a learner-verifier framework for stochastic control systems and survey recent methods that formally guarantee a conjunction of reachability and safety properties. Given a property and a lower bound on the probability of the property being satisfied, our framework jointly learns a control policy and a formal certificate to ensure the satisfaction of the property with a desired probability threshold. Both the control policy and the formal certificate are continuous functions from states to reals, which are learned as parameterized neural networks. While in the deterministic case, the certificates are invariant and barrier functions for safety, or Lyapunov and ranking functions for liveness, in the stochastic case the certificates are supermartingales. For certificate verification, we use interval arithmetic abstract interpretation to bound the expected values of neural network functions.},
  author       = {Chatterjee, Krishnendu and Henzinger, Thomas A and Lechner, Mathias and Zikelic, Dorde},
  booktitle    = {Tools and Algorithms for the Construction and Analysis of Systems },
  isbn         = {9783031308222},
  issn         = {1611-3349},
  location     = {Paris, France},
  pages        = {3--25},
  publisher    = {Springer Nature},
  title        = {{A learner-verifier framework for neural network controllers and certificates of stochastic systems}},
  doi          = {10.1007/978-3-031-30823-9_1},
  volume       = {13993},
  year         = {2023},
}

@inproceedings{13143,
  abstract     = {GIMPS and PrimeGrid are large-scale distributed projects dedicated to searching giant prime numbers, usually of special forms like Mersenne and Proth primes. The numbers in the current search-space are millions of digits large and the participating volunteers need to run resource-consuming primality tests. Once a candidate prime N has been found, the only way for another party to independently verify the primality of N used to be by repeating the expensive primality test. To avoid the need for second recomputation of each primality test, these projects have recently adopted certifying mechanisms that enable efficient verification of performed tests. However, the mechanisms presently in place only detect benign errors and there is no guarantee against adversarial behavior: a malicious volunteer can mislead the project to reject a giant prime as being non-prime.
In this paper, we propose a practical, cryptographically-sound mechanism for certifying the non-primality of Proth numbers. That is, a volunteer can – parallel to running the primality test for N – generate an efficiently verifiable proof at a little extra cost certifying that N is not prime. The interactive protocol has statistical soundness and can be made non-interactive using the Fiat-Shamir heuristic.
Our approach is based on a cryptographic primitive called Proof of Exponentiation (PoE) which, for a group G, certifies that a tuple (x,y,T)∈G2×N satisfies x2T=y (Pietrzak, ITCS 2019 and Wesolowski, J. Cryptol. 2020). In particular, we show how to adapt Pietrzak’s PoE at a moderate additional cost to make it a cryptographically-sound certificate of non-primality.},
  author       = {Hoffmann, Charlotte and Hubáček, Pavel and Kamath, Chethan and Pietrzak, Krzysztof Z},
  booktitle    = {Public-Key Cryptography - PKC 2023},
  isbn         = {9783031313677},
  issn         = {1611-3349},
  location     = {Atlanta, GA, United States},
  pages        = {530--553},
  publisher    = {Springer Nature},
  title        = {{Certifying giant nonprimes}},
  doi          = {10.1007/978-3-031-31368-4_19},
  volume       = {13940},
  year         = {2023},
}

@article{13145,
  abstract     = {We prove a characterization of the Dirichlet–Ferguson measure over an arbitrary finite diffuse measure space. We provide an interpretation of this characterization in analogy with the Mecke identity for Poisson point processes.},
  author       = {Dello Schiavo, Lorenzo and Lytvynov, Eugene},
  issn         = {1083-589X},
  journal      = {Electronic Communications in Probability},
  pages        = {1--12},
  publisher    = {Institute of Mathematical Statistics},
  title        = {{A Mecke-type characterization of the Dirichlet–Ferguson measure}},
  doi          = {10.1214/23-ECP528},
  volume       = {28},
  year         = {2023},
}

@article{13164,
  abstract     = {Molecular compatibility between gametes is a prerequisite for successful fertilization. As long as a sperm and egg can recognize and bind each other via their surface proteins, gamete fusion may occur even between members of separate species, resulting in hybrids that can impact speciation. The egg membrane protein Bouncer confers species specificity to gamete interactions between medaka and zebrafish, preventing their cross-fertilization. Here, we leverage this specificity to uncover distinct amino acid residues and N-glycosylation patterns that differentially influence the function of medaka and zebrafish Bouncer and contribute to cross-species incompatibility. Curiously, in contrast to the specificity observed for medaka and zebrafish Bouncer, seahorse and fugu Bouncer are compatible with both zebrafish and medaka sperm, in line with the pervasive purifying selection that dominates Bouncer’s evolution. The Bouncer-sperm interaction is therefore the product of seemingly opposing evolutionary forces that, for some species, restrict fertilization to closely related fish, and for others, allow broad gamete compatibility that enables hybridization.},
  author       = {Gert, Krista R.B. and Panser, Karin and Surm, Joachim and Steinmetz, Benjamin S. and Schleiffer, Alexander and Jovine, Luca and Moran, Yehu and Kondrashov, Fyodor and Pauli, Andrea},
  issn         = {2041-1723},
  journal      = {Nature Communications},
  publisher    = {Springer Nature},
  title        = {{Divergent molecular signatures in fish Bouncer proteins define cross-fertilization boundaries}},
  doi          = {10.1038/s41467-023-39317-4},
  volume       = {14},
  year         = {2023},
}

@article{13165,
  abstract     = {A graph G=(V, E) is called fully regular if for every independent set I c V, the number of vertices in V\I  that are not connected to any element of I depends only on the size of I. A linear ordering of the vertices of G is called successive if for every i, the first i vertices induce a connected subgraph of G. We give an explicit formula for the number of successive vertex orderings of a fully regular graph.
As an application of our results, we give alternative proofs of two theorems of Stanley and Gao & Peng, determining the number of linear edge orderings of complete graphs and complete bipartite graphs, respectively, with the property that the first i edges induce a connected subgraph.
As another application, we give a simple product formula for the number of linear orderings of the hyperedges of a complete 3-partite 3-uniform hypergraph such that, for every i, the first i hyperedges induce a connected subgraph. We found similar formulas for complete (non-partite) 3-uniform hypergraphs and in another closely related case, but we managed to verify them only when the number of vertices is small.},
  author       = {Fang, Lixing and Huang, Hao and Pach, János and Tardos, Gábor and Zuo, Junchi},
  issn         = {1096-0899},
  journal      = {Journal of Combinatorial Theory. Series A},
  number       = {10},
  publisher    = {Elsevier},
  title        = {{Successive vertex orderings of fully regular graphs}},
  doi          = {10.1016/j.jcta.2023.105776},
  volume       = {199},
  year         = {2023},
}

@article{13168,
  abstract     = {Urban-living individuals are exposed to many environmental factors that may combine and interact to influence mental health. While individual factors of an urban environment have been investigated in isolation, no attempt has been made to model how complex, real-life exposure to living in the city relates to brain and mental health, and how this is moderated by genetic factors. Using the data of 156,075 participants from the UK Biobank, we carried out sparse canonical correlation analyses to investigate the relationships between urban environments and psychiatric symptoms. We found an environmental profile of social deprivation, air pollution, street network and urban land-use density that was positively correlated with an affective symptom group (r = 0.22, Pperm < 0.001), mediated by brain volume differences consistent with reward processing, and moderated by genes enriched for stress response, including CRHR1, explaining 2.01% of the variance in brain volume differences. Protective factors such as greenness and generous destination accessibility were negatively correlated with an anxiety symptom group (r = 0.10, Pperm < 0.001), mediated by brain regions necessary for emotion regulation and moderated by EXD3, explaining 1.65% of the variance. The third urban environmental profile was correlated with an emotional instability symptom group (r = 0.03, Pperm < 0.001). Our findings suggest that different environmental profiles of urban living may influence specific psychiatric symptom groups through distinct neurobiological pathways.},
  author       = {Xu, Jiayuan and Liu, Nana and Polemiti, Elli and Garcia-Mondragon, Liliana and Tang, Jie and Liu, Xiaoxuan and Lett, Tristram and Yu, Le and Nöthen, Markus M. and Feng, Jianfeng and Yu, Chunshui and Marquand, Andre and Schumann, Gunter and Walter, Henrik and Heinz, Andreas and Ralser, Markus and Twardziok, Sven and Vaidya, Nilakshi and Serin, Emin and Jentsch, Marcel and Hitchen, Esther and Eils, Roland and Taron, Ulrike Helene and Schütz, Tatjana and Schepanski, Kerstin and Banks, Jamie and Banaschewski, Tobias and Jansone, Karina and Christmann, Nina and Meyer-Lindenberg, Andreas and Tost, Heike and Holz, Nathalie and Schwarz, Emanuel and Stringaris, Argyris and Neidhart, Maja and Nees, Frauke and Siehl, Sebastian and A. Andreassen, Ole and T. Westlye, Lars and Van Der Meer, Dennis and Fernandez, Sara and Kjelkenes, Rikka and Ask, Helga and Rapp, Michael and Tschorn, Mira and Böttger, Sarah Jane and Novarino, Gaia and Marr, Lena and Slater, Mel and Viapiana, Guillem Feixas and Orosa, Francisco Eiroa and Gallego, Jaime and Pastor, Alvaro and Forstner, Andreas and Hoffmann, Per and M. Nöthen, Markus and J. Forstner, Andreas and Claus, Isabelle and Miller, Abbi and Heilmann-Heimbach, Stefanie and Sommer, Peter and Boye, Mona and Wilbertz, Johannes and Schmitt, Karen and Jirsa, Viktor and Petkoski, Spase and Pitel, Séverine and Otten, Lisa and Athanasiadis, Anastasios Polykarpos and Pearmund, Charlie and Spanlang, Bernhard and Alvarez, Elena and Sanchez, Mavi and Giner, Arantxa and Hese, Sören and Renner, Paul and Jia, Tianye and Gong, Yanting and Xia, Yunman and Chang, Xiao and Calhoun, Vince and Liu, Jingyu and Thompson, Paul and Clinton, Nicholas and Desrivieres, Sylvane and H. Young, Allan and Stahl, Bernd and Ogoh, George},
  issn         = {1546-170X},
  journal      = {Nature Medicine},
  pages        = {1456--1467},
  publisher    = {Springer Nature},
  title        = {{Effects of urban living environments on mental health in adults}},
  doi          = {10.1038/s41591-023-02365-w},
  volume       = {29},
  year         = {2023},
}

@misc{13173,
  abstract     = {GABAB receptor (GBR) activation inhibits neurotransmitter release in axon terminals in the brain, except in medial habenula (MHb) terminals, which show robust potentiation. However, mechanisms underlying this enigmatic potentiation remain elusive. Here, we report that GBR activation on MHb terminals induces an activity-dependent transition from a facilitating, tonic to a depressing, phasic neurotransmitter release mode. This transition is accompanied by a 4.1-fold increase in readily releasable vesicle pool (RRP) size and a 3.5-fold increase of docked synaptic vesicles at the presynaptic active zone (AZ). Strikingly, tonic and phasic release exhibit distinct coupling distances and are selectively affected by deletion of synaptoporin (SPO) and Ca2+-dependent activator protein for secretion 2 (CAPS2), respectively. SPO modulates augmentation, the short-term plasticity associated with tonic release, and CAPS2 retains the increased RRP for initial responses in phasic response trains. Double pre-embedding immunolabeling confirmed the co-localization of CAPS2 and SPO inside the same terminal. The cytosolic protein CAPS2 showed a synaptic vesicle (SV)-associated distribution similar to the vesicular transmembrane protein SPO. A newly developed “Flash and Freeze-fracture” method revealed the release of SPO-associated vesicles in both tonic and phasic modes and activity-dependent recruitment of CAPS2 to the AZ during phasic release, which lasted several minutes. Overall, these results indicate that GBR activation translocates CAPS2 to the AZ along with the fusion of CAPS2-associated SVs, contributing to a persistent RRP increase. Thus, we discovered structural and molecular mechanisms underlying tonic and phasic neurotransmitter release and their transition by GBR activation in MHb terminals.},
  author       = {Shigemoto, Ryuichi},
  keywords     = {medial habenula, GABAB receptor, vesicle release, Flash and Freeze, Flash and Freeze-fracture},
  publisher    = {Institute of Science and Technology Austria},
  title        = {{Transition from tonic to phasic neurotransmitter release by presynaptic GABAB receptor activation in medial habenula terminals}},
  doi          = {10.15479/AT:ISTA:13173},
  year         = {2023},
}

@phdthesis{13175,
  abstract     = {About a 100 years ago, we discovered that our universe is inherently noisy, that is, measuring any physical quantity with a precision beyond a certain point is not possible because of an omnipresent inherent noise. We call this - the quantum noise. Certain physical processes allow this quantum noise to get correlated in conjugate physical variables. These quantum correlations can be used to go beyond the potential of our inherently noisy universe and obtain a quantum advantage over the classical applications. 

Quantum noise being inherent also means that, at the fundamental level, the physical quantities are not well defined and therefore, objects can stay in multiple states at the same time. For example, the position of a particle not being well defined means that the particle is in multiple positions at the same time. About 4 decades ago, we started exploring the possibility of using objects which can be in multiple states at the same time to increase the dimensionality in computation. Thus, the field of quantum computing was born. We discovered that using quantum entanglement, a property closely related to quantum correlations, can be used to speed up computation of certain problems, such as factorisation of large numbers, faster than any known classical algorithm. Thus began the pursuit to make quantum computers a reality. 

Till date, we have explored quantum control over many physical systems including photons, spins, atoms, ions and even simple circuits made up of superconducting material. However, there persists one ubiquitous theme. The more readily a system interacts with an external field or matter, the more easily we can control it. But this also means that such a system can easily interact with a noisy environment and quickly lose its coherence. Consequently, such systems like electron spins need to be protected from the environment to ensure the longevity of their coherence. Other systems like nuclear spins are naturally protected as they do not interact easily with the environment. But, due to the same reason, it is harder to interact with such systems. 

After decades of experimentation with various systems, we are convinced that no one type of quantum system would be the best for all the quantum applications. We would need hybrid systems which are all interconnected - much like the current internet where all sorts of devices can all talk to each other - but now for quantum devices. A quantum internet. 

Optical photons are the best contenders to carry information for the quantum internet. They can carry quantum information cheaply and without much loss - the same reasons which has made them the backbone of our current internet. Following this direction, many systems, like trapped ions, have already demonstrated successful quantum links over a large distances using optical photons. However, some of the most promising contenders for quantum computing which are based on microwave frequencies have been left behind. This is because high energy optical photons can adversely affect fragile low-energy microwave systems. 

In this thesis, we present substantial progress on this missing quantum link between microwave and optics using electrooptical nonlinearities in lithium niobate. The nonlinearities are enhanced by using resonant cavities for all the involved modes leading to observation of strong direct coupling between optical and microwave frequencies. With this strong coupling we are not only able to achieve almost 100\% internal conversion efficiency with low added noise, thus presenting a quantum-enabled transducer, but also we are able to observe novel effects such as cooling of a microwave mode using optics. The strong coupling regime also leads to direct observation of dynamical backaction effect between microwave and optical frequencies which are studied in detail here. Finally, we also report first observation of microwave-optics entanglement in form of two-mode squeezed vacuum squeezed 0.7dB below vacuum level. 
With this new bridge between microwave and optics, the microwave-based quantum technologies can finally be a part of a quantum network which is based on optical photons - putting us one step closer to a future with quantum internet. },
  author       = {Sahu, Rishabh},
  isbn         = {978-3-99078-030-5},
  issn         = {2663 - 337X},
  keywords     = {quantum optics, electrooptics, quantum networks, quantum communication, transduction},
  pages        = {202},
  publisher    = {Institute of Science and Technology Austria},
  title        = {{Cavity quantum electrooptics}},
  doi          = {10.15479/at:ista:13175},
  year         = {2023},
}

@article{13177,
  abstract     = {In this note we study the eigenvalue growth of infinite graphs with discrete spectrum. We assume that the corresponding Dirichlet forms satisfy certain Sobolev-type inequalities and that the total measure is finite. In this sense, the associated operators on these graphs display similarities to elliptic operators on bounded domains in the continuum. Specifically, we prove lower bounds on the eigenvalue growth and show by examples that corresponding upper bounds cannot be established.},
  author       = {Hua, Bobo and Keller, Matthias and Schwarz, Michael and Wirth, Melchior},
  issn         = {1088-6826},
  journal      = {Proceedings of the American Mathematical Society},
  number       = {8},
  pages        = {3401--3414},
  publisher    = {American Mathematical Society},
  title        = {{Sobolev-type inequalities and eigenvalue growth on graphs with finite measure}},
  doi          = {10.1090/proc/14361},
  volume       = {151},
  year         = {2023},
}

@article{13178,
  abstract     = {We consider the large polaron described by the Fröhlich Hamiltonian and study its energy-momentum relation defined as the lowest possible energy as a function of the total momentum. Using a suitable family of trial states, we derive an optimal parabolic upper bound for the energy-momentum relation in the limit of strong coupling. The upper bound consists of a momentum independent term that agrees with the predicted two-term expansion for the ground state energy of the strongly coupled polaron at rest and a term that is quadratic in the momentum with coefficient given by the inverse of twice the classical effective mass introduced by Landau and Pekar.},
  author       = {Mitrouskas, David Johannes and Mysliwy, Krzysztof and Seiringer, Robert},
  issn         = {2050-5094},
  journal      = {Forum of Mathematics},
  pages        = {1--52},
  publisher    = {Cambridge University Press},
  title        = {{Optimal parabolic upper bound for the energy-momentum relation of a strongly coupled polaron}},
  doi          = {10.1017/fms.2023.45},
  volume       = {11},
  year         = {2023},
}

@article{13179,
  abstract     = {Writing concurrent code that is both correct and efficient is notoriously difficult. Thus, programmers often prefer to use synchronization abstractions, which render code simpler and easier to reason about. Despite a wealth of work on this topic, there is still a gap between the rich semantics provided by synchronization abstractions in modern programming languages—specifically, fair FIFO ordering of synchronization requests and support for abortable operations—and frameworks for implementing it correctly and efficiently. Supporting such semantics is critical given the rising popularity of constructs for asynchronous programming, such as coroutines, which abort frequently and are cheaper to suspend and resume compared to native threads.

This paper introduces a new framework called CancellableQueueSynchronizer (CQS), which enables simple yet efficient implementations of a wide range of fair and abortable synchronization primitives: mutexes, semaphores, barriers, count-down latches, and blocking pools. Our main contribution is algorithmic, as implementing both fairness and abortability efficiently at this level of generality is non-trivial. Importantly, all our algorithms, including the CQS framework and the primitives built on top of it, come with formal proofs in the Iris framework for Coq for many of their properties. These proofs are modular, so it is easy to show correctness for new primitives implemented on top of CQS. From a practical perspective, implementation of CQS for native threads on the JVM improves throughput by up to two orders of magnitude over Java’s AbstractQueuedSynchronizer, the only practical abstraction offering similar semantics. Further, we successfully integrated CQS as a core component of the popular Kotlin Coroutines library, validating the framework’s practical impact and expressiveness in a real-world environment. In sum, CancellableQueueSynchronizer is the first framework to combine expressiveness with formal guarantees and solid practical performance. Our approach should be extensible to other languages and families of synchronization primitives.},
  author       = {Koval, Nikita and Khalanskiy, Dmitry and Alistarh, Dan-Adrian},
  issn         = {2475-1421},
  journal      = {Proceedings of the ACM on Programming Languages},
  publisher    = {Association for Computing Machinery },
  title        = {{CQS: A formally-verified framework for fair and abortable synchronization}},
  doi          = {10.1145/3591230},
  volume       = {7},
  year         = {2023},
}

@article{13180,
  abstract     = {We study the density of everywhere locally soluble diagonal quadric surfaces, parameterised by rational points that lie on a split quadric surface},
  author       = {Browning, Timothy D and Lyczak, Julian and Sarapin, Roman},
  issn         = {1944-4184},
  journal      = {Involve},
  number       = {2},
  pages        = {331--342},
  publisher    = {Mathematical Sciences Publishers},
  title        = {{Local solubility for a family of quadrics over a split quadric surface}},
  doi          = {10.2140/involve.2023.16.331},
  volume       = {16},
  year         = {2023},
}

@article{13182,
  abstract     = {We characterize critical points of 1-dimensional maps paired in persistent homology
geometrically and this way get elementary proofs of theorems about the symmetry
of persistence diagrams and the variation of such maps. In particular, we identify
branching points and endpoints of networks as the sole source of asymmetry and
relate the cycle basis in persistent homology with a version of the stable marriage
problem. Our analysis provides the foundations of fast algorithms for maintaining a
collection of sorted lists together with its persistence diagram.},
  author       = {Biswas, Ranita and Cultrera Di Montesano, Sebastiano and Edelsbrunner, Herbert and Saghafian, Morteza},
  issn         = {2367-1734},
  journal      = {Journal of Applied and Computational Topology},
  publisher    = {Springer Nature},
  title        = {{Geometric characterization of the persistence of 1D maps}},
  doi          = {10.1007/s41468-023-00126-9},
  year         = {2023},
}

@article{13188,
  abstract     = {The Kirchhoff rod model describes the bending and twisting of slender elastic rods in three dimensions, and has been widely studied to enable the prediction of how a rod will deform, given its geometry and boundary conditions. In this work, we study a number of inverse problems with the goal of computing the geometry of a straight rod that will automatically deform to match a curved target shape after attaching its endpoints to a support structure. Our solution lets us finely control the static equilibrium state of a rod by varying the cross-sectional profiles along its length.
We also show that the set of physically realizable equilibrium states admits a concise geometric description in terms of linear line complexes, which leads to very efficient computational design algorithms. Implemented in an interactive software tool, they allow us to convert three-dimensional hand-drawn spline curves to elastic rods, and give feedback about the feasibility and practicality of a design in real time. We demonstrate the efficacy of our method by designing and manufacturing several physical prototypes with applications to interior design and soft robotics.},
  author       = {Hafner, Christian and Bickel, Bernd},
  issn         = {1557-7368},
  journal      = {ACM Transactions on Graphics},
  keywords     = {Computer Graphics, Computational Design, Computational Geometry, Shape Modeling},
  number       = {5},
  publisher    = {Association for Computing Machinery},
  title        = {{The design space of Kirchhoff rods}},
  doi          = {10.1145/3606033},
  volume       = {42},
  year         = {2023},
}

@article{13197,
  abstract     = {Nominally identical materials exchange net electric charge during contact through a mechanism that is still debated. ‘Mosaic models’, in which surfaces are presumed to consist of a random patchwork of microscopic donor/acceptor sites, offer an appealing explanation for this phenomenon. However, recent experiments have shown that global differences persist even between same-material samples, which the standard mosaic framework does not account for. Here, we expand the mosaic framework by incorporating global differences in the densities of donor/acceptor sites. We develop
an analytical model, backed by numerical simulations, that smoothly connects the global and deterministic charge transfer of different materials to the local and stochastic mosaic picture normally associated with identical materials. Going further, we extend our model to explain the effect of contact asymmetries during sliding, providing a plausible explanation for reversal of charging sign that has been observed experimentally.},
  author       = {Grosjean, Galien M and Waitukaitis, Scott R},
  issn         = {2475-9953},
  journal      = {Physical Review Materials},
  keywords     = {Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous), General Materials Science},
  number       = {6},
  publisher    = {American Physical Society},
  title        = {{Asymmetries in triboelectric charging: Generalizing mosaic models to different-material samples and sliding contacts}},
  doi          = {10.1103/physrevmaterials.7.065601},
  volume       = {7},
  year         = {2023},
}

@article{13200,
  abstract     = {Recent quantum technologies have established precise quantum control of various microscopic systems using electromagnetic waves. Interfaces based on cryogenic cavity electro-optic systems are particularly promising, due to the direct interaction between microwave and optical fields in the quantum regime. Quantum optical control of superconducting microwave circuits has been precluded so far due to the weak electro-optical coupling as well as quasi-particles induced by the pump laser. Here we report the coherent control of a superconducting microwave cavity using laser pulses in a multimode electro-optical device at millikelvin temperature with near-unity cooperativity. Both the stationary and instantaneous responses of the microwave and optical modes comply with the coherent electro-optical interaction, and reveal only minuscule amount of excess back-action with an unanticipated time delay. Our demonstration enables wide ranges of applications beyond quantum transductions, from squeezing and quantum non-demolition measurements of microwave fields, to entanglement generation and hybrid quantum networks.},
  author       = {Qiu, Liu and Sahu, Rishabh and Hease, William J and Arnold, Georg M and Fink, Johannes M},
  issn         = {2041-1723},
  journal      = {Nature Communications},
  publisher    = {Nature Research},
  title        = {{Coherent optical control of a superconducting microwave cavity via electro-optical dynamical back-action}},
  doi          = {10.1038/s41467-023-39493-3},
  volume       = {14},
  year         = {2023},
}

@article{13201,
  abstract     = {As a crucial nitrogen source, nitrate (NO3−) is a key nutrient for plants. Accordingly, root systems adapt to maximize NO3− availability, a developmental regulation also involving the phytohormone auxin. Nonetheless, the molecular mechanisms underlying this regulation remain poorly understood. Here, we identify low-nitrate-resistant mutant (lonr) in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), whose root growth fails to adapt to low-NO3− conditions. lonr2 is defective in the high-affinity NO3− transporter NRT2.1. lonr2 (nrt2.1) mutants exhibit defects in polar auxin transport, and their low-NO3−-induced root phenotype depends on the PIN7 auxin exporter activity. NRT2.1 directly associates with PIN7 and antagonizes PIN7-mediated auxin efflux depending on NO3− levels. These results reveal a mechanism by which NRT2.1 in response to NO3− limitation directly regulates auxin transport activity and, thus, root growth. This adaptive mechanism contributes to the root developmental plasticity to help plants cope with changes in NO3− availability.},
  author       = {Wang, Yalu and Yuan, Zhi and Wang, Jinyi and Xiao, Huixin and Wan, Lu and Li, Lanxin and Guo, Yan and Gong, Zhizhong and Friml, Jiří and Zhang, Jing},
  issn         = {1091-6490},
  journal      = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America},
  number       = {25},
  publisher    = {National Academy of Sciences},
  title        = {{The nitrate transporter NRT2.1 directly antagonizes PIN7-mediated auxin transport for root growth adaptation}},
  doi          = {10.1073/pnas.2221313120},
  volume       = {120},
  year         = {2023},
}

@article{13202,
  abstract     = {Phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate (PI(4,5)P2) plays an essential role in neuronal activities through interaction with various proteins involved in signaling at membranes. However, the distribution pattern of PI(4,5)P2 and the association with these proteins on the neuronal cell membranes remain elusive. In this study, we established a method for visualizing PI(4,5)P2 by SDS-digested freeze-fracture replica labeling (SDS-FRL) to investigate the quantitative nanoscale distribution of PI(4,5)P2 in cryo-fixed brain. We demonstrate that PI(4,5)P2 forms tiny clusters with a mean size of ∼1000 nm2 rather than randomly distributed in cerebellar neuronal membranes in male C57BL/6J mice. These clusters show preferential accumulation in specific membrane compartments of different cell types, in particular, in Purkinje cell (PC) spines and granule cell (GC) presynaptic active zones. Furthermore, we revealed extensive association of PI(4,5)P2 with CaV2.1 and GIRK3 across different membrane compartments, whereas its association with mGluR1α was compartment specific. These results suggest that our SDS-FRL method provides valuable insights into the physiological functions of PI(4,5)P2 in neurons.},
  author       = {Eguchi, Kohgaku and Le Monnier, Elodie and Shigemoto, Ryuichi},
  issn         = {1529-2401},
  journal      = {The Journal of Neuroscience},
  number       = {23},
  pages        = {4197--4216},
  publisher    = {Society for Neuroscience},
  title        = {{Nanoscale phosphoinositide distribution on cell membranes of mouse cerebellar neurons}},
  doi          = {10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1514-22.2023},
  volume       = {43},
  year         = {2023},
}