---
_id: '14852'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: The physical conditions giving rise to high escape fractions of ionizing radiation
    (LyC fesc) in star-forming galaxies – most likely protagonists of cosmic reionization
    – are not yet fully understood. Using the VLT/MUSE observations of ∼1400 Ly α
    emitters at 2.9 < z < 6.7, we compare stacked rest-frame UV spectra
    of candidates for LyC leakers and non-leakers selected based on their Ly α profiles.
    We find that the stacks of potential LyC leakers, i.e. galaxies with narrow, symmetric
    Ly α profiles with small peak separation, generally show (i) strong nebular O iii]λ1666,
    [Si iii]λ1883, and [C iii]λ1907 +C iii]λ1909 emission, indicating a high-ionization
    state of the interstellar medium (ISM); (ii) high equivalent widths of He iiλ1640
    (∼1 − 3 Å), suggesting the presence of hard ionizing radiation fields; (iii) Si ii*λ1533
    emission, revealing substantial amounts of neutral hydrogen off the line of sight;
    (iv) high C ivλλ1548,1550 to [C iii]λ1907 +C iii]λ1909 ratios (C iv/C iii] ≳0.75)
    , signalling the presence of low column density channels in the ISM. In contrast,
    the stacks with broad, asymmetric Ly α profiles with large peak separation show
    weak nebular emission lines, low He iiλ1640 equivalent widths (≲1 Å), and low
    C iv/C iii] (≲0.25), implying low-ionization states and high-neutral hydrogen
    column densities. Our results suggest that C iv/C iii] might be sensitive to the
    physical conditions that govern LyC photon escape, providing a promising tool
    for identification of ionizing sources among star-forming galaxies in the epoch
    of reionization.
acknowledgement: 'We thank the anonymous referee for the constructive feedback that
  helped to improve the manuscript. We thank Michael Maseda, Daniel Schaerer, Charlotte
  Simmonds, and Rashmi Gottumukkala for useful comments and productive discussions.
  We also thank the organizers and participants of the 24th MUSE Science Busy Week
  in Leiden. IGK acknowledges an Excellence Master Fellowship granted by the Faculty
  of Science of the University of Geneva. This work has received funding from the
  Swiss State Secretariat for Education, Research and Innovation (SERI) under contract
  number MB22.00072, as well as from the Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF)
  through project grant number 200020_207349 and SNSF Professorship grant number 190079.
  The Cosmic Dawn Center (DAWN) is funded by the Danish National Research Foundation
  under grant number 140. This paper is based on observations collected at the European
  Organisation for Astronomical Research in the Southern Hemisphere under ESO programmes
  094.A-0289(B), 095.A-0010(A), 096.A-0045(A), 096.A-0045(B), 094.A-0205, 095.A-0240,
  096.A-0090, 097.A-0160, and 098.A-0017. We made extensive use of several open-source
  software packages and we are thankful to the respective authors for sharing their
  work: NUMPY (Harris et al. 2020), ASTROPY (Astropy Collaboration 2022), MATPLOTLIB
  (Hunter 2007), IPYTHON (Perez & Granger 2007), and TOPCAT (Taylor 2005).'
article_processing_charge: Yes (in subscription journal)
article_type: original
arxiv: 1
author:
- first_name: Ivan
  full_name: Kramarenko, Ivan
  id: 9a9394cb-3200-11ee-973b-f5ba2a8b16e4
  last_name: Kramarenko
- first_name: J
  full_name: Kerutt, J
  last_name: Kerutt
- first_name: A
  full_name: Verhamme, A
  last_name: Verhamme
- first_name: P A
  full_name: Oesch, P A
  last_name: Oesch
- first_name: L
  full_name: Barrufet, L
  last_name: Barrufet
- first_name: Jorryt J
  full_name: Matthee, Jorryt J
  id: 7439a258-f3c0-11ec-9501-9df22fe06720
  last_name: Matthee
  orcid: 0000-0003-2871-127X
- first_name: H
  full_name: Kusakabe, H
  last_name: Kusakabe
- first_name: I
  full_name: Goovaerts, I
  last_name: Goovaerts
- first_name: T T
  full_name: Thai, T T
  last_name: Thai
citation:
  ama: Kramarenko I, Kerutt J, Verhamme A, et al. Linking UV spectral properties of
    MUSE Ly α emitters at <i>z</i> ≳ 3 to Lyman continuum escape. <i>Monthly Notices
    of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>. 2024;527(4):9853-9871. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stad3853">10.1093/mnras/stad3853</a>
  apa: Kramarenko, I., Kerutt, J., Verhamme, A., Oesch, P. A., Barrufet, L., Matthee,
    J. J., … Thai, T. T. (2024). Linking UV spectral properties of MUSE Ly α emitters
    at <i>z</i> ≳ 3 to Lyman continuum escape. <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical
    Society</i>. Oxford University Press. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stad3853">https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stad3853</a>
  chicago: Kramarenko, Ivan, J Kerutt, A Verhamme, P A Oesch, L Barrufet, Jorryt J
    Matthee, H Kusakabe, I Goovaerts, and T T Thai. “Linking UV Spectral Properties
    of MUSE Ly α Emitters at <i>z</i> ≳ 3 to Lyman Continuum Escape.” <i>Monthly Notices
    of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>. Oxford University Press, 2024. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stad3853">https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stad3853</a>.
  ieee: I. Kramarenko <i>et al.</i>, “Linking UV spectral properties of MUSE Ly α
    emitters at <i>z</i> ≳ 3 to Lyman continuum escape,” <i>Monthly Notices of the
    Royal Astronomical Society</i>, vol. 527, no. 4. Oxford University Press, pp.
    9853–9871, 2024.
  ista: Kramarenko I, Kerutt J, Verhamme A, Oesch PA, Barrufet L, Matthee JJ, Kusakabe
    H, Goovaerts I, Thai TT. 2024. Linking UV spectral properties of MUSE Ly α emitters
    at <i>z</i> ≳ 3 to Lyman continuum escape. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical
    Society. 527(4), 9853–9871.
  mla: Kramarenko, Ivan, et al. “Linking UV Spectral Properties of MUSE Ly α Emitters
    at <i>z</i> ≳ 3 to Lyman Continuum Escape.” <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical
    Society</i>, vol. 527, no. 4, Oxford University Press, 2024, pp. 9853–71, doi:<a
    href="https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stad3853">10.1093/mnras/stad3853</a>.
  short: I. Kramarenko, J. Kerutt, A. Verhamme, P.A. Oesch, L. Barrufet, J.J. Matthee,
    H. Kusakabe, I. Goovaerts, T.T. Thai, Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical
    Society 527 (2024) 9853–9871.
date_created: 2024-01-22T08:22:17Z
date_published: 2024-02-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2024-01-23T12:33:50Z
day: '01'
ddc:
- '520'
department:
- _id: GradSch
- _id: JoMa
doi: 10.1093/mnras/stad3853
external_id:
  arxiv:
  - '2305.07044'
file:
- access_level: open_access
  checksum: 9d02df4035c4951cf63dee0db1e462e9
  content_type: application/pdf
  creator: dernst
  date_created: 2024-01-23T12:30:45Z
  date_updated: 2024-01-23T12:30:45Z
  file_id: '14879'
  file_name: 2024_MNAstronomSoc_Kramarenko.pdf
  file_size: 4521738
  relation: main_file
  success: 1
file_date_updated: 2024-01-23T12:30:45Z
has_accepted_license: '1'
intvolume: '       527'
issue: '4'
keyword:
- Space and Planetary Science
- Astronomy and Astrophysics
language:
- iso: eng
month: '02'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
page: 9853-9871
publication: Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
publication_identifier:
  eissn:
  - 1365-2966
  issn:
  - 0035-8711
publication_status: published
publisher: Oxford University Press
quality_controlled: '1'
status: public
title: Linking UV spectral properties of MUSE Ly α emitters at <i>z</i> ≳ 3 to Lyman
  continuum escape
tmp:
  image: /images/cc_by.png
  legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode
  name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)
  short: CC BY (4.0)
type: journal_article
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 527
year: '2024'
...