@misc{14279, abstract = {The zip file includes source data used in the manuscript "CCR7 acts as both a sensor and a sink for CCL19 to coordinate collective leukocyte migration", as well as a representative Jupyter notebook to reproduce the main figures. Please see the preprint on bioRxiv and the DOI link there to access the final published version. Note the title change between the preprint and the published manuscript. A sample script for particle-based simulations of collective chemotaxis by self-generated gradients is also included (see Self-generated_chemotaxis_sample_script.ipynb) to generate exemplary cell trajectories. A detailed description of the simulation setup is provided in the supplementary information of the manuscipt.}, author = {Ucar, Mehmet C}, publisher = {Zenodo}, title = {{Source data for the manuscript "CCR7 acts as both a sensor and a sink for CCL19 to coordinate collective leukocyte migration"}}, doi = {10.5281/ZENODO.8133960}, year = {2023}, } @phdthesis{14280, abstract = {Cell division in Escherichia coli is performed by the divisome, a multi-protein complex composed of more than 30 proteins. The divisome spans from the cytoplasm through the inner membrane to the cell wall and the outer membrane. Divisome assembly is initiated by a cytoskeletal structure, the so-called Z-ring, which localizes at the center of the E. coli cell and determines the position of the future cell septum. The Z-ring is composed of the highly conserved bacterial tubulin homologue FtsZ, which forms treadmilling filaments. These filaments are recruited to the inner membrane by FtsA, a highly conserved bacterial actin homologue. FtsA interacts with other proteins in the periplasm and thus connects the cytoplasmic and periplasmic components of the divisome. A previous model postulated that FtsA regulates maturation of the divisome by switching from an oligomeric, inactive state to a monomeric and active state. This model was based mostly on in vivo studies, as a biochemical characterization of FtsA has been hampered by difficulties in purifying the protein. Here, we studied FtsA using an in vitro reconstitution approach and aimed to answer two questions: (i) How are dynamics from cytoplasmic, treadmilling FtsZ filaments coupled to proteins acting in the periplasmic space and (ii) How does FtsA regulate the maturation of the divisome? We found that the cytoplasmic peptides of the transmembrane proteins FtsN and FtsQ interact directly with FtsA and can follow the spatiotemporal signal of FtsA/Z filaments. When we investigated the underlying mechanism by imaging single molecules of FtsNcyto, we found the peptide to interact transiently with FtsA. An in depth analysis of the single molecule trajectories helped to postulate a model where PG synthases follow the dynamics of FtsZ by a diffusion and capture mechanism. Following up on these findings we were interested in how the self-interaction of FtsA changes when it encounters FtsNcyto and if we can confirm the proposed oligomer-monomer switch. For this, we compared the behavior of the previously identified, hyperactive mutant FtsA R286W with wildtype FtsA. The mutant outperforms WT in mirroring and transmitting the spatiotemporal signal of treadmilling FtsZ filaments. Surprisingly however, we found that this was not due to a difference in the self-interaction strength of the two variants, but a difference in their membrane residence time. Furthermore, in contrast to our expectations, upon binding of FtsNcyto the measured self-interaction of FtsA actually increased. We propose that FtsNcyto induces a rearrangement of the oligomeric architecture of FtsA. In further consequence this change leads to more persistent FtsZ filaments which results in a defined signalling zone, allowing formation of the mature divisome. The observed difference between FtsA WT and R286W is due to the vastly different membrane turnover of the proteins. R286W cycles 5-10x faster compared to WT which allows to sample FtsZ filaments at faster frequencies. These findings can explain the observed differences in toxicity for overexpression of FtsA WT and R286W and help to understand how FtsA regulates divisome maturation.}, author = {Radler, Philipp}, isbn = {978-3-99078-033-6}, issn = {2663-337X}, keywords = {Cell Division, Reconstitution, FtsZ, FtsA, Divisome, E.coli}, pages = {156}, publisher = {Institute of Science and Technology Austria}, title = {{Spatiotemporal signaling during assembly of the bacterial divisome}}, doi = {10.15479/at:ista:14280}, year = {2023}, } @article{9034, abstract = {We determine an asymptotic formula for the number of integral points of bounded height on a blow-up of P3 outside certain planes using universal torsors.}, author = {Wilsch, Florian Alexander}, issn = {1687-0247}, journal = {International Mathematics Research Notices}, number = {8}, pages = {6780--6808}, publisher = {Oxford Academic}, title = {{Integral points of bounded height on a log Fano threefold}}, doi = {10.1093/imrn/rnac048}, volume = {2023}, year = {2023}, } @article{9651, abstract = {We introduce a hierachy of equivalence relations on the set of separated nets of a given Euclidean space, indexed by concave increasing functions ϕ:(0,∞)→(0,∞). Two separated nets are called ϕ-displacement equivalent if, roughly speaking, there is a bijection between them which, for large radii R, displaces points of norm at most R by something of order at most ϕ(R). We show that the spectrum of ϕ-displacement equivalence spans from the established notion of bounded displacement equivalence, which corresponds to bounded ϕ, to the indiscrete equivalence relation, coresponding to ϕ(R)∈Ω(R), in which all separated nets are equivalent. In between the two ends of this spectrum, the notions of ϕ-displacement equivalence are shown to be pairwise distinct with respect to the asymptotic classes of ϕ(R) for R→∞. We further undertake a comparison of our notion of ϕ-displacement equivalence with previously studied relations on separated nets. Particular attention is given to the interaction of the notions of ϕ-displacement equivalence with that of bilipschitz equivalence.}, author = {Dymond, Michael and Kaluza, Vojtech}, issn = {1572-9168}, journal = {Geometriae Dedicata}, publisher = {Springer Nature}, title = {{Divergence of separated nets with respect to displacement equivalence}}, doi = {10.1007/s10711-023-00862-3}, year = {2023}, } @article{9652, abstract = {In 1998 Burago and Kleiner and (independently) McMullen gave examples of separated nets in Euclidean space which are non-bilipschitz equivalent to the integer lattice. We study weaker notions of equivalence of separated nets and demonstrate that such notions also give rise to distinct equivalence classes. Put differently, we find occurrences of particularly strong divergence of separated nets from the integer lattice. Our approach generalises that of Burago and Kleiner and McMullen which takes place largely in a continuous setting. Existence of irregular separated nets is verified via the existence of non-realisable density functions ρ:[0,1]d→(0,∞). In the present work we obtain stronger types of non-realisable densities.}, author = {Dymond, Michael and Kaluza, Vojtech}, issn = {1565-8511}, journal = {Israel Journal of Mathematics}, keywords = {Lipschitz, bilipschitz, bounded displacement, modulus of continuity, separated net, non-realisable density, Burago--Kleiner construction}, pages = {501--554}, publisher = {Springer Nature}, title = {{Highly irregular separated nets}}, doi = {10.1007/s11856-022-2448-6}, volume = {253}, year = {2023}, } @article{10145, abstract = {We study direct integrals of quadratic and Dirichlet forms. We show that each quasi-regular Dirichlet space over a probability space admits a unique representation as a direct integral of irreducible Dirichlet spaces, quasi-regular for the same underlying topology. The same holds for each quasi-regular strongly local Dirichlet space over a metrizable Luzin σ-finite Radon measure space, and admitting carré du champ operator. In this case, the representation is only projectively unique.}, author = {Dello Schiavo, Lorenzo}, issn = {1572-929X}, journal = {Potential Analysis}, pages = {573--615}, publisher = {Springer Nature}, title = {{Ergodic decomposition of Dirichlet forms via direct integrals and applications}}, doi = {10.1007/s11118-021-09951-y}, volume = {58}, year = {2023}, } @article{10173, abstract = {We study the large scale behavior of elliptic systems with stationary random coefficient that have only slowly decaying correlations. To this aim we analyze the so-called corrector equation, a degenerate elliptic equation posed in the probability space. In this contribution, we use a parabolic approach and optimally quantify the time decay of the semigroup. For the theoretical point of view, we prove an optimal decay estimate of the gradient and flux of the corrector when spatially averaged over a scale R larger than 1. For the numerical point of view, our results provide convenient tools for the analysis of various numerical methods.}, author = {Clozeau, Nicolas}, issn = {2194-0401}, journal = {Stochastics and Partial Differential Equations: Analysis and Computations}, pages = {1254–1378}, publisher = {Springer Nature}, title = {{Optimal decay of the parabolic semigroup in stochastic homogenization for correlated coefficient fields}}, doi = {10.1007/s40072-022-00254-w}, volume = {11}, year = {2023}, } @article{10405, abstract = {We consider large non-Hermitian random matrices X with complex, independent, identically distributed centred entries and show that the linear statistics of their eigenvalues are asymptotically Gaussian for test functions having 2+ϵ derivatives. Previously this result was known only for a few special cases; either the test functions were required to be analytic [72], or the distribution of the matrix elements needed to be Gaussian [73], or at least match the Gaussian up to the first four moments [82, 56]. We find the exact dependence of the limiting variance on the fourth cumulant that was not known before. The proof relies on two novel ingredients: (i) a local law for a product of two resolvents of the Hermitisation of X with different spectral parameters and (ii) a coupling of several weakly dependent Dyson Brownian motions. These methods are also the key inputs for our analogous results on the linear eigenvalue statistics of real matrices X that are presented in the companion paper [32]. }, author = {Cipolloni, Giorgio and Erdös, László and Schröder, Dominik J}, issn = {1097-0312}, journal = {Communications on Pure and Applied Mathematics}, number = {5}, pages = {946--1034}, publisher = {Wiley}, title = {{Central limit theorem for linear eigenvalue statistics of non-Hermitian random matrices}}, doi = {10.1002/cpa.22028}, volume = {76}, year = {2023}, } @article{10550, abstract = {The global existence of renormalised solutions and convergence to equilibrium for reaction-diffusion systems with non-linear diffusion are investigated. The system is assumed to have quasi-positive non-linearities and to satisfy an entropy inequality. The difficulties in establishing global renormalised solutions caused by possibly degenerate diffusion are overcome by introducing a new class of weighted truncation functions. By means of the obtained global renormalised solutions, we study the large-time behaviour of complex balanced systems arising from chemical reaction network theory with non-linear diffusion. When the reaction network does not admit boundary equilibria, the complex balanced equilibrium is shown, by using the entropy method, to exponentially attract all renormalised solutions in the same compatibility class. This convergence extends even to a range of non-linear diffusion, where global existence is an open problem, yet we are able to show that solutions to approximate systems converge exponentially to equilibrium uniformly in the regularisation parameter.}, author = {Fellner, Klemens and Fischer, Julian L and Kniely, Michael and Tang, Bao Quoc}, issn = {1432-1467}, journal = {Journal of Nonlinear Science}, publisher = {Springer Nature}, title = {{Global renormalised solutions and equilibration of reaction-diffusion systems with non-linear diffusion}}, doi = {10.1007/s00332-023-09926-w}, volume = {33}, year = {2023}, } @article{10551, abstract = {The Dean–Kawasaki equation—a strongly singular SPDE—is a basic equation of fluctuating hydrodynamics; it has been proposed in the physics literature to describe the fluctuations of the density of N independent diffusing particles in the regime of large particle numbers N≫1. The singular nature of the Dean–Kawasaki equation presents a substantial challenge for both its analysis and its rigorous mathematical justification. Besides being non-renormalisable by the theory of regularity structures by Hairer et al., it has recently been shown to not even admit nontrivial martingale solutions. In the present work, we give a rigorous and fully quantitative justification of the Dean–Kawasaki equation by considering the natural regularisation provided by standard numerical discretisations: We show that structure-preserving discretisations of the Dean–Kawasaki equation may approximate the density fluctuations of N non-interacting diffusing particles to arbitrary order in N−1 (in suitable weak metrics). In other words, the Dean–Kawasaki equation may be interpreted as a “recipe” for accurate and efficient numerical simulations of the density fluctuations of independent diffusing particles.}, author = {Cornalba, Federico and Fischer, Julian L}, issn = {1432-0673}, journal = {Archive for Rational Mechanics and Analysis}, number = {5}, publisher = {Springer Nature}, title = {{The Dean-Kawasaki equation and the structure of density fluctuations in systems of diffusing particles}}, doi = {10.1007/s00205-023-01903-7}, volume = {247}, year = {2023}, } @article{11999, abstract = {A simple drawing D(G) of a graph G is one where each pair of edges share at most one point: either a common endpoint or a proper crossing. An edge e in the complement of G can be inserted into D(G) if there exists a simple drawing of G+e extending D(G). As a result of Levi’s Enlargement Lemma, if a drawing is rectilinear (pseudolinear), that is, the edges can be extended into an arrangement of lines (pseudolines), then any edge in the complement of G can be inserted. In contrast, we show that it is NP-complete to decide whether one edge can be inserted into a simple drawing. This remains true even if we assume that the drawing is pseudocircular, that is, the edges can be extended to an arrangement of pseudocircles. On the positive side, we show that, given an arrangement of pseudocircles A and a pseudosegment σ, it can be decided in polynomial time whether there exists a pseudocircle Φσ extending σ for which A∪{Φσ} is again an arrangement of pseudocircles.}, author = {Arroyo Guevara, Alan M and Klute, Fabian and Parada, Irene and Vogtenhuber, Birgit and Seidel, Raimund and Wiedera, Tilo}, issn = {1432-0444}, journal = {Discrete and Computational Geometry}, pages = {745–770}, publisher = {Springer Nature}, title = {{Inserting one edge into a simple drawing is hard}}, doi = {10.1007/s00454-022-00394-9}, volume = {69}, year = {2023}, } @article{12086, abstract = {We present a simple algorithm for computing higher-order Delaunay mosaics that works in Euclidean spaces of any finite dimensions. The algorithm selects the vertices of the order-k mosaic from incrementally constructed lower-order mosaics and uses an algorithm for weighted first-order Delaunay mosaics as a black-box to construct the order-k mosaic from its vertices. Beyond this black-box, the algorithm uses only combinatorial operations, thus facilitating easy implementation. We extend this algorithm to compute higher-order α-shapes and provide open-source implementations. We present experimental results for properties of higher-order Delaunay mosaics of random point sets.}, author = {Edelsbrunner, Herbert and Osang, Georg F}, issn = {1432-0541}, journal = {Algorithmica}, pages = {277--295}, publisher = {Springer Nature}, title = {{A simple algorithm for higher-order Delaunay mosaics and alpha shapes}}, doi = {10.1007/s00453-022-01027-6}, volume = {85}, year = {2023}, } @article{12087, abstract = {Following up on the recent work on lower Ricci curvature bounds for quantum systems, we introduce two noncommutative versions of curvature-dimension bounds for symmetric quantum Markov semigroups over matrix algebras. Under suitable such curvature-dimension conditions, we prove a family of dimension-dependent functional inequalities, a version of the Bonnet–Myers theorem and concavity of entropy power in the noncommutative setting. We also provide examples satisfying certain curvature-dimension conditions, including Schur multipliers over matrix algebras, Herz–Schur multipliers over group algebras and generalized depolarizing semigroups.}, author = {Wirth, Melchior and Zhang, Haonan}, issn = {1424-0637}, journal = {Annales Henri Poincare}, pages = {717--750}, publisher = {Springer Nature}, title = {{Curvature-dimension conditions for symmetric quantum Markov semigroups}}, doi = {10.1007/s00023-022-01220-x}, volume = {24}, year = {2023}, } @article{12104, abstract = {We study ergodic decompositions of Dirichlet spaces under intertwining via unitary order isomorphisms. We show that the ergodic decomposition of a quasi-regular Dirichlet space is unique up to a unique isomorphism of the indexing space. Furthermore, every unitary order isomorphism intertwining two quasi-regular Dirichlet spaces is decomposable over their ergodic decompositions up to conjugation via an isomorphism of the corresponding indexing spaces.}, author = {Dello Schiavo, Lorenzo and Wirth, Melchior}, issn = {1424-3202}, journal = {Journal of Evolution Equations}, number = {1}, publisher = {Springer Nature}, title = {{Ergodic decompositions of Dirichlet forms under order isomorphisms}}, doi = {10.1007/s00028-022-00859-7}, volume = {23}, year = {2023}, } @article{12105, abstract = {Data-driven dimensionality reduction methods such as proper orthogonal decomposition and dynamic mode decomposition have proven to be useful for exploring complex phenomena within fluid dynamics and beyond. A well-known challenge for these techniques is posed by the continuous symmetries, e.g. translations and rotations, of the system under consideration, as drifts in the data dominate the modal expansions without providing an insight into the dynamics of the problem. In the present study, we address this issue for fluid flows in rectangular channels by formulating a continuous symmetry reduction method that eliminates the translations in the streamwise and spanwise directions simultaneously. We demonstrate our method by computing the symmetry-reduced dynamic mode decomposition (SRDMD) of sliding windows of data obtained from the transitional plane-Couette and turbulent plane-Poiseuille flow simulations. In the former setting, SRDMD captures the dynamics in the vicinity of the invariant solutions with translation symmetries, i.e. travelling waves and relative periodic orbits, whereas in the latter, our calculations reveal episodes of turbulent time evolution that can be approximated by a low-dimensional linear expansion.}, author = {Marensi, Elena and Yalniz, Gökhan and Hof, Björn and Budanur, Nazmi B}, issn = {1469-7645}, journal = {Journal of Fluid Mechanics}, publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, title = {{Symmetry-reduced dynamic mode decomposition of near-wall turbulence}}, doi = {10.1017/jfm.2022.1001}, volume = {954}, year = {2023}, } @article{12106, abstract = {Regulation of chromatin states involves the dynamic interplay between different histone modifications to control gene expression. Recent advances have enabled mapping of histone marks in single cells, but most methods are constrained to profile only one histone mark per cell. Here, we present an integrated experimental and computational framework, scChIX-seq (single-cell chromatin immunocleavage and unmixing sequencing), to map several histone marks in single cells. scChIX-seq multiplexes two histone marks together in single cells, then computationally deconvolves the signal using training data from respective histone mark profiles. This framework learns the cell-type-specific correlation structure between histone marks, and therefore does not require a priori assumptions of their genomic distributions. Using scChIX-seq, we demonstrate multimodal analysis of histone marks in single cells across a range of mark combinations. Modeling dynamics of in vitro macrophage differentiation enables integrated analysis of chromatin velocity. Overall, scChIX-seq unlocks systematic interrogation of the interplay between histone modifications in single cells.}, author = {Yeung, Jake and Florescu, Maria and Zeller, Peter and De Barbanson, Buys Anton and Wellenstein, Max D. and Van Oudenaarden, Alexander}, issn = {1546-1696}, journal = {Nature Biotechnology}, pages = {813–823}, publisher = {Springer Nature}, title = {{scChIX-seq infers dynamic relationships between histone modifications in single cells}}, doi = {10.1038/s41587-022-01560-3}, volume = {41}, year = {2023}, } @article{12113, abstract = {The power factor of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) film can be significantly improved by optimizing the oxidation level of the film in oxidation and reduction processes. However, precise control over the oxidation and reduction effects in PEDOT:PSS remains a challenge, which greatly sacrifices both S and σ. Here, we propose a two-step post-treatment using a mixture of ethylene glycol (EG) and Arginine (Arg) and sulfuric acid (H2SO4) in sequence to engineer high-performance PEDOT:PSS thermoelectric films. The high-polarity EG dopant removes the excess non-ionized PSS and induces benzenoid-to-quinoid conformational change in the PEDOT:PSS films. In particular, basic amino acid Arg tunes the oxidation level of PEDOT:PSS and prevents the films from over-oxidation during H2SO4 post-treatment, leading to increased S. The following H2SO4 post-treatment further induces highly orientated lamellar stacking microstructures to increase σ, yielding a maximum power factor of 170.6 μW m−1 K−2 at 460 K. Moreover, a novel trigonal-shape thermoelectric device is designed and assembled by the as-prepared PEDOT:PSS films in order to harvest heat via a vertical temperature gradient. An output power density of 33 μW cm−2 is generated at a temperature difference of 40 K, showing the potential application for low-grade wearable electronic devices.}, author = {Zhang, Li and Liu, Xingyu and Wu, Ting and Xu, Shengduo and Suo, Guoquan and Ye, Xiaohui and Hou, Xiaojiang and Yang, Yanling and Liu, Qingfeng and Wang, Hongqiang}, issn = {0169-4332}, journal = {Applied Surface Science}, keywords = {Surfaces, Coatings and Films, Condensed Matter Physics, Surfaces and Interfaces, General Physics and Astronomy, General Chemistry}, publisher = {Elsevier}, title = {{Two-step post-treatment to deliver high performance thermoelectric device with vertical temperature gradient}}, doi = {10.1016/j.apsusc.2022.156101}, volume = {613}, year = {2023}, } @article{12114, abstract = {Probing the dynamics of aromatic side chains provides important insights into the behavior of a protein because flips of aromatic rings in a protein’s hydrophobic core report on breathing motion involving a large part of the protein. Inherently invisible to crystallography, aromatic motions have been primarily studied by solution NMR. The question how packing of proteins in crystals affects ring flips has, thus, remained largely unexplored. Here we apply magic-angle spinning NMR, advanced phenylalanine 1H-13C/2H isotope labeling and MD simulation to a protein in three different crystal packing environments to shed light onto possible impact of packing on ring flips. The flips of the two Phe residues in ubiquitin, both surface exposed, appear remarkably conserved in the different crystal forms, even though the intermolecular packing is quite different: Phe4 flips on a ca. 10–20 ns time scale, and Phe45 are broadened in all crystals, presumably due to µs motion. Our findings suggest that intramolecular influences are more important for ring flips than intermolecular (packing) effects.}, author = {Gauto, Diego F. and Lebedenko, Olga O. and Becker, Lea Marie and Ayala, Isabel and Lichtenecker, Roman and Skrynnikov, Nikolai R. and Schanda, Paul}, issn = {2590-1524}, journal = {Journal of Structural Biology: X}, keywords = {Structural Biology}, publisher = {Elsevier}, title = {{Aromatic ring flips in differently packed ubiquitin protein crystals from MAS NMR and MD}}, doi = {10.1016/j.yjsbx.2022.100079}, volume = {7}, year = {2023}, } @article{12115, author = {Glajzer, Jacek and Castillo-Tong, Dan Cacsire and Richter, Rolf and Vergote, Ignace and Kulbe, Hagen and Vanderstichele, Adriaan and Ruscito, Ilary and Trillsch, Fabian and Mustea, Alexander and Kreuzinger, Caroline and Gourley, Charlie and Gabra, Hani and Taube, Eliane T. and Dorigo, Oliver and Horst, David and Keunecke, Carlotta and Baum, Joanna and Angelotti, Timothy and Sehouli, Jalid and Braicu, Elena Ioana}, issn = {1534-4681}, journal = {Annals of Surgical Oncology}, keywords = {Oncology, Surgery}, pages = {46--47}, publisher = {Springer Nature}, title = {{ASO Visual Abstract: Impact of BRCA mutation status on tumor dissemination pattern, surgical outcome, and patient survival in primary and recurrent high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC). A multicenter, retrospective study of the ovarian cancer therapy—innovative models prolong survival (OCTIPS) consortium}}, doi = {10.1245/s10434-022-12681-z}, volume = {30}, year = {2023}, } @article{12158, abstract = {Post-translational histone modifications modulate chromatin activity to affect gene expression. How chromatin states underlie lineage choice in single cells is relatively unexplored. We develop sort-assisted single-cell chromatin immunocleavage (sortChIC) and map active (H3K4me1 and H3K4me3) and repressive (H3K27me3 and H3K9me3) histone modifications in the mouse bone marrow. During differentiation, hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) acquire active chromatin states mediated by cell-type-specifying transcription factors, which are unique for each lineage. By contrast, most alterations in repressive marks during differentiation occur independent of the final cell type. Chromatin trajectory analysis shows that lineage choice at the chromatin level occurs at the progenitor stage. Joint profiling of H3K4me1 and H3K9me3 demonstrates that cell types within the myeloid lineage have distinct active chromatin but share similar myeloid-specific heterochromatin states. This implies a hierarchical regulation of chromatin during hematopoiesis: heterochromatin dynamics distinguish differentiation trajectories and lineages, while euchromatin dynamics reflect cell types within lineages.}, author = {Zeller, Peter and Yeung, Jake and Viñas Gaza, Helena and de Barbanson, Buys Anton and Bhardwaj, Vivek and Florescu, Maria and van der Linden, Reinier and van Oudenaarden, Alexander}, issn = {1546-1718}, journal = {Nature Genetics}, keywords = {Genetics}, pages = {333--345}, publisher = {Springer Nature}, title = {{Single-cell sortChIC identifies hierarchical chromatin dynamics during hematopoiesis}}, doi = {10.1038/s41588-022-01260-3}, volume = {55}, year = {2023}, }