@article{8699, abstract = {In the high spin–orbit-coupled Sr2IrO4, the high sensitivity of the ground state to the details of the local lattice structure shows a large potential for the manipulation of the functional properties by inducing local lattice distortions. We use epitaxial strain to modify the Ir–O bond geometry in Sr2IrO4 and perform momentum-dependent resonant inelastic X-ray scattering (RIXS) at the metal and at the ligand sites to unveil the response of the low-energy elementary excitations. We observe that the pseudospin-wave dispersion for tensile-strained Sr2IrO4 films displays large softening along the [h,0] direction, while along the [h,h] direction it shows hardening. This evolution reveals a renormalization of the magnetic interactions caused by a strain-driven cross-over from anisotropic to isotropic interactions between the magnetic moments. Moreover, we detect dispersive electron–hole pair excitations which shift to lower (higher) energies upon compressive (tensile) strain, manifesting a reduction (increase) in the size of the charge gap. This behavior shows an intimate coupling between charge excitations and lattice distortions in Sr2IrO4, originating from the modified hopping elements between the t2g orbitals. Our work highlights the central role played by the lattice degrees of freedom in determining both the pseudospin and charge excitations of Sr2IrO4 and provides valuable information toward the control of the ground state of complex oxides in the presence of high spin–orbit coupling.}, author = {Paris, Eugenio and Tseng, Yi and Paerschke, Ekaterina and Zhang, Wenliang and Upton, Mary H and Efimenko, Anna and Rolfs, Katharina and McNally, Daniel E and Maurel, Laura and Naamneh, Muntaser and Caputo, Marco and Strocov, Vladimir N and Wang, Zhiming and Casa, Diego and Schneider, Christof W and Pomjakushina, Ekaterina and Wohlfeld, Krzysztof and Radovic, Milan and Schmitt, Thorsten}, issn = {10916490}, journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America}, number = {40}, pages = {24764--24770}, publisher = {National Academy of Sciences}, title = {{Strain engineering of the charge and spin-orbital interactions in Sr2IrO4}}, doi = {10.1073/pnas.2012043117}, volume = {117}, year = {2020}, } @article{8700, abstract = {Translation termination is a finishing step of protein biosynthesis. The significant role in this process belongs not only to protein factors of translation termination but also to the nearest nucleotide environment of stop codons. There are numerous descriptions of stop codons readthrough, which is due to specific nucleotide sequences behind them. However, represented data are segmental and don’t explain the mechanism of the nucleotide context influence on translation termination. It is well known that stop codon UAA usage is preferential for A/T-rich genes, and UAG, UGA—for G/C-rich genes, which is related to an expression level of these genes. We investigated the connection between a frequency of nucleotides occurrence in 3' area of stop codons in the human genome and their influence on translation termination efficiency. We found that 3' context motif, which is cognate to the sequence of a stop codon, stimulates translation termination. At the same time, the nucleotide composition of 3' sequence that differs from stop codon, decreases translation termination efficiency.}, author = {Sokolova, E. E. and Vlasov, Petr and Egorova, T. V. and Shuvalov, A. V. and Alkalaeva, E. Z.}, issn = {16083245}, journal = {Molecular Biology}, number = {5}, pages = {739--748}, publisher = {Springer Nature}, title = {{The influence of A/G composition of 3' stop codon contexts on translation termination efficiency in eukaryotes}}, doi = {10.1134/S0026893320050088}, volume = {54}, year = {2020}, } @article{8701, abstract = {Translation termination is a finishing step of protein biosynthesis. The significant role in this process belongs not only to protein factors of translation termination but also to the nearest nucleotide environment of stop codons. There are numerous descriptions of stop codons readthrough, which is due to specific nucleotide sequences behind them. However, represented data are segmental and don’t explain the mechanism of the nucleotide context influence on translation termination. It is well known that stop codon UAA usage is preferential for A/T-rich genes, and UAG, UGA—for G/C-rich genes, which is related to an expression level of these genes. We investigated the connection between a frequency of nucleotides occurrence in 3' area of stop codons in the human genome and their influence on translation termination efficiency. We found that 3' context motif, which is cognate to the sequence of a stop codon, stimulates translation termination. At the same time, the nucleotide composition of 3' sequence that differs from stop codon, decreases translation termination efficiency.}, author = {Sokolova, E. E. and Vlasov, Petr and Egorova, T. V. and Shuvalov, A. V. and Alkalaeva, E. Z.}, issn = {00268984}, journal = {Molekuliarnaia biologiia}, number = {5}, pages = {837--848}, publisher = {Russian Academy of Sciences}, title = {{The influence of A/G composition of 3' stop codon contexts on translation termination efficiency in eukaryotes}}, doi = {10.31857/S0026898420050080}, volume = {54}, year = {2020}, } @inproceedings{8703, abstract = {Even though Delaunay originally introduced his famous triangulations in the case of infinite point sets with translational periodicity, a software that computes such triangulations in the general case is not yet available, to the best of our knowledge. Combining and generalizing previous work, we present a practical algorithm for computing such triangulations. The algorithm has been implemented and experiments show that its performance is as good as the one of the CGAL package, which is restricted to cubic periodicity. }, author = {Osang, Georg F and Rouxel-Labbé, Mael and Teillaud, Monique}, booktitle = {28th Annual European Symposium on Algorithms}, isbn = {9783959771627}, issn = {18688969}, location = {Virtual, Online; Pisa, Italy}, publisher = {Schloss Dagstuhl - Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik}, title = {{Generalizing CGAL periodic Delaunay triangulations}}, doi = {10.4230/LIPIcs.ESA.2020.75}, volume = {173}, year = {2020}, } @inproceedings{8704, abstract = {Traditional robotic control suits require profound task-specific knowledge for designing, building and testing control software. The rise of Deep Learning has enabled end-to-end solutions to be learned entirely from data, requiring minimal knowledge about the application area. We design a learning scheme to train end-to-end linear dynamical systems (LDS)s by gradient descent in imitation learning robotic domains. We introduce a new regularization loss component together with a learning algorithm that improves the stability of the learned autonomous system, by forcing the eigenvalues of the internal state updates of an LDS to be negative reals. We evaluate our approach on a series of real-life and simulated robotic experiments, in comparison to linear and nonlinear Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) architectures. Our results show that our stabilizing method significantly improves test performance of LDS, enabling such linear models to match the performance of contemporary nonlinear RNN architectures. A video of the obstacle avoidance performance of our method on a mobile robot, in unseen environments, compared to other methods can be viewed at https://youtu.be/mhEsCoNao5E.}, author = {Lechner, Mathias and Hasani, Ramin and Rus, Daniela and Grosu, Radu}, booktitle = {Proceedings - IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation}, isbn = {9781728173955}, issn = {10504729}, location = {Paris, France}, pages = {5446--5452}, publisher = {IEEE}, title = {{Gershgorin loss stabilizes the recurrent neural network compartment of an end-to-end robot learning scheme}}, doi = {10.1109/ICRA40945.2020.9196608}, year = {2020}, } @article{8705, abstract = {We consider the quantum mechanical many-body problem of a single impurity particle immersed in a weakly interacting Bose gas. The impurity interacts with the bosons via a two-body potential. We study the Hamiltonian of this system in the mean-field limit and rigorously show that, at low energies, the problem is well described by the Fröhlich polaron model.}, author = {Mysliwy, Krzysztof and Seiringer, Robert}, issn = {1424-0637}, journal = {Annales Henri Poincare}, number = {12}, pages = {4003--4025}, publisher = {Springer Nature}, title = {{Microscopic derivation of the Fröhlich Hamiltonian for the Bose polaron in the mean-field limit}}, doi = {10.1007/s00023-020-00969-3}, volume = {21}, year = {2020}, } @article{8706, abstract = {As part of the Austrian Transition to Open Access (AT2OA) project, subproject TP1-B is working on designing a monitoring solution for the output of Open Access publications in Austria. This report on a potential Open Access monitoring approach in Austria is one of the results of these efforts and can serve as a basis for discussion on an international level.}, author = {Danowski, Patrick and Ferus, Andreas and Hikl, Anna-Laetitia and McNeill, Gerda and Miniberger, Clemens and Reding, Steve and Zarka, Tobias and Zojer, Michael}, issn = {10222588}, journal = {Mitteilungen der Vereinigung Österreichischer Bibliothekarinnen und Bibliothekare}, number = {2}, pages = {278--284}, publisher = {Vereinigung Osterreichischer Bibliothekarinnen und Bibliothekare}, title = {{„Recommendation“ for the further procedure for open access monitoring. Deliverable of the AT2OA subproject TP1-B}}, doi = {10.31263/voebm.v73i2.3941}, volume = {73}, year = {2020}, } @article{8707, abstract = {Dynamic changes in the three-dimensional (3D) organization of chromatin are associated with central biological processes, such as transcription, replication and development. Therefore, the comprehensive identification and quantification of these changes is fundamental to understanding of evolutionary and regulatory mechanisms. Here, we present Comparison of Hi-C Experiments using Structural Similarity (CHESS), an algorithm for the comparison of chromatin contact maps and automatic differential feature extraction. We demonstrate the robustness of CHESS to experimental variability and showcase its biological applications on (1) interspecies comparisons of syntenic regions in human and mouse models; (2) intraspecies identification of conformational changes in Zelda-depleted Drosophila embryos; (3) patient-specific aberrant chromatin conformation in a diffuse large B-cell lymphoma sample; and (4) the systematic identification of chromatin contact differences in high-resolution Capture-C data. In summary, CHESS is a computationally efficient method for the comparison and classification of changes in chromatin contact data.}, author = { Galan, Silvia and Machnik, Nick N and Kruse, Kai and Díaz, Noelia and Marti-Renom, Marc A and Vaquerizas, Juan M}, issn = {15461718}, journal = {Nature Genetics}, pages = {1247--1255}, publisher = {Springer Nature}, title = {{CHESS enables quantitative comparison of chromatin contact data and automatic feature extraction}}, doi = {10.1038/s41588-020-00712-y}, volume = {52}, year = {2020}, } @article{8721, abstract = {Spontaneously arising channels that transport the phytohormone auxin provide positional cues for self-organizing aspects of plant development such as flexible vasculature regeneration or its patterning during leaf venation. The auxin canalization hypothesis proposes a feedback between auxin signaling and transport as the underlying mechanism, but molecular players await discovery. We identified part of the machinery that routes auxin transport. The auxin-regulated receptor CAMEL (Canalization-related Auxin-regulated Malectin-type RLK) together with CANAR (Canalization-related Receptor-like kinase) interact with and phosphorylate PIN auxin transporters. camel and canar mutants are impaired in PIN1 subcellular trafficking and auxin-mediated PIN polarization, which macroscopically manifests as defects in leaf venation and vasculature regeneration after wounding. The CAMEL-CANAR receptor complex is part of the auxin feedback that coordinates polarization of individual cells during auxin canalization.}, author = {Hajny, Jakub and Prat, Tomas and Rydza, N and Rodriguez Solovey, Lesia and Tan, Shutang and Verstraeten, Inge and Domjan, David and Mazur, E and Smakowska-Luzan, E and Smet, W and Mor, E and Nolf, J and Yang, B and Grunewald, W and Molnar, Gergely and Belkhadir, Y and De Rybel, B and Friml, Jiří}, issn = {1095-9203}, journal = {Science}, number = {6516}, pages = {550--557}, publisher = {American Association for the Advancement of Science}, title = {{Receptor kinase module targets PIN-dependent auxin transport during canalization}}, doi = {10.1126/science.aba3178}, volume = {370}, year = {2020}, } @inproceedings{8722, abstract = {Load imbalance pervasively exists in distributed deep learning training systems, either caused by the inherent imbalance in learned tasks or by the system itself. Traditional synchronous Stochastic Gradient Descent (SGD) achieves good accuracy for a wide variety of tasks, but relies on global synchronization to accumulate the gradients at every training step. In this paper, we propose eager-SGD, which relaxes the global synchronization for decentralized accumulation. To implement eager-SGD, we propose to use two partial collectives: solo and majority. With solo allreduce, the faster processes contribute their gradients eagerly without waiting for the slower processes, whereas with majority allreduce, at least half of the participants must contribute gradients before continuing, all without using a central parameter server. We theoretically prove the convergence of the algorithms and describe the partial collectives in detail. Experimental results on load-imbalanced environments (CIFAR-10, ImageNet, and UCF101 datasets) show that eager-SGD achieves 1.27x speedup over the state-of-the-art synchronous SGD, without losing accuracy.}, author = {Li, Shigang and Tal Ben-Nun, Tal Ben-Nun and Girolamo, Salvatore Di and Alistarh, Dan-Adrian and Hoefler, Torsten}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 25th ACM SIGPLAN Symposium on Principles and Practice of Parallel Programming}, location = {San Diego, CA, United States}, pages = {45--61}, publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery}, title = {{Taming unbalanced training workloads in deep learning with partial collective operations}}, doi = {10.1145/3332466.3374528}, year = {2020}, } @inproceedings{8724, abstract = {We study the problem of learning from multiple untrusted data sources, a scenario of increasing practical relevance given the recent emergence of crowdsourcing and collaborative learning paradigms. Specifically, we analyze the situation in which a learning system obtains datasets from multiple sources, some of which might be biased or even adversarially perturbed. It is known that in the single-source case, an adversary with the power to corrupt a fixed fraction of the training data can prevent PAC-learnability, that is, even in the limit of infinitely much training data, no learning system can approach the optimal test error. In this work we show that, surprisingly, the same is not true in the multi-source setting, where the adversary can arbitrarily corrupt a fixed fraction of the data sources. Our main results are a generalization bound that provides finite-sample guarantees for this learning setting, as well as corresponding lower bounds. Besides establishing PAC-learnability our results also show that in a cooperative learning setting sharing data with other parties has provable benefits, even if some participants are malicious. }, author = {Konstantinov, Nikola H and Frantar, Elias and Alistarh, Dan-Adrian and Lampert, Christoph}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 37th International Conference on Machine Learning}, issn = {2640-3498}, location = {Online}, pages = {5416--5425}, publisher = {ML Research Press}, title = {{On the sample complexity of adversarial multi-source PAC learning}}, volume = {119}, year = {2020}, } @inproceedings{8725, abstract = {The design and implementation of efficient concurrent data structures have seen significant attention. However, most of this work has focused on concurrent data structures providing good \emph{worst-case} guarantees. In real workloads, objects are often accessed at different rates, since access distributions may be non-uniform. Efficient distribution-adaptive data structures are known in the sequential case, e.g. the splay-trees; however, they often are hard to translate efficiently in the concurrent case. In this paper, we investigate distribution-adaptive concurrent data structures and propose a new design called the splay-list. At a high level, the splay-list is similar to a standard skip-list, with the key distinction that the height of each element adapts dynamically to its access rate: popular elements ``move up,'' whereas rarely-accessed elements decrease in height. We show that the splay-list provides order-optimal amortized complexity bounds for a subset of operations while being amenable to efficient concurrent implementation. Experimental results show that the splay-list can leverage distribution-adaptivity to improve on the performance of classic concurrent designs, and can outperform the only previously-known distribution-adaptive design in certain settings.}, author = {Aksenov, Vitaly and Alistarh, Dan-Adrian and Drozdova, Alexandra and Mohtashami, Amirkeivan}, booktitle = {34th International Symposium on Distributed Computing}, isbn = {9783959771689}, issn = {1868-8969}, location = {Freiburg, Germany}, pages = {3:1--3:18}, publisher = {Schloss Dagstuhl - Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik}, title = {{The splay-list: A distribution-adaptive concurrent skip-list}}, doi = {10.4230/LIPIcs.DISC.2020.3}, volume = {179}, year = {2020}, } @article{8726, abstract = {Several realistic spin-orbital models for transition metal oxides go beyond the classical expectations and could be understood only by employing the quantum entanglement. Experiments on these materials confirm that spin-orbital entanglement has measurable consequences. Here, we capture the essential features of spin-orbital entanglement in complex quantum matter utilizing 1D spin-orbital model which accommodates SU(2)⊗SU(2) symmetric Kugel-Khomskii superexchange as well as the Ising on-site spin-orbit coupling. Building on the results obtained for full and effective models in the regime of strong spin-orbit coupling, we address the question whether the entanglement found on superexchange bonds always increases when the Ising spin-orbit coupling is added. We show that (i) quantum entanglement is amplified by strong spin-orbit coupling and, surprisingly, (ii) almost classical disentangled states are possible. We complete the latter case by analyzing how the entanglement existing for intermediate values of spin-orbit coupling can disappear for higher values of this coupling.}, author = {Gotfryd, Dorota and Paerschke, Ekaterina and Wohlfeld, Krzysztof and Oleś, Andrzej M.}, issn = {2410-3896}, journal = {Condensed Matter}, number = {3}, publisher = {MDPI}, title = {{Evolution of spin-orbital entanglement with increasing ising spin-orbit coupling}}, doi = {10.3390/condmat5030053}, volume = {5}, year = {2020}, } @inproceedings{8728, abstract = {Discrete-time Markov Chains (MCs) and Markov Decision Processes (MDPs) are two standard formalisms in system analysis. Their main associated quantitative objectives are hitting probabilities, discounted sum, and mean payoff. Although there are many techniques for computing these objectives in general MCs/MDPs, they have not been thoroughly studied in terms of parameterized algorithms, particularly when treewidth is used as the parameter. This is in sharp contrast to qualitative objectives for MCs, MDPs and graph games, for which treewidth-based algorithms yield significant complexity improvements. In this work, we show that treewidth can also be used to obtain faster algorithms for the quantitative problems. For an MC with n states and m transitions, we show that each of the classical quantitative objectives can be computed in O((n+m)⋅t2) time, given a tree decomposition of the MC with width t. Our results also imply a bound of O(κ⋅(n+m)⋅t2) for each objective on MDPs, where κ is the number of strategy-iteration refinements required for the given input and objective. Finally, we make an experimental evaluation of our new algorithms on low-treewidth MCs and MDPs obtained from the DaCapo benchmark suite. Our experiments show that on low-treewidth MCs and MDPs, our algorithms outperform existing well-established methods by one or more orders of magnitude.}, author = {Asadi, Ali and Chatterjee, Krishnendu and Goharshady, Amir Kafshdar and Mohammadi, Kiarash and Pavlogiannis, Andreas}, booktitle = {Automated Technology for Verification and Analysis}, isbn = {9783030591519}, issn = {1611-3349}, location = {Hanoi, Vietnam}, pages = {253--270}, publisher = {Springer Nature}, title = {{Faster algorithms for quantitative analysis of MCs and MDPs with small treewidth}}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-030-59152-6_14}, volume = {12302}, year = {2020}, } @inproceedings{8732, abstract = {A simple drawing D(G) of a graph G is one where each pair of edges share at most one point: either a common endpoint or a proper crossing. An edge e in the complement of G can be inserted into D(G) if there exists a simple drawing of G+e extending D(G). As a result of Levi’s Enlargement Lemma, if a drawing is rectilinear (pseudolinear), that is, the edges can be extended into an arrangement of lines (pseudolines), then any edge in the complement of G can be inserted. In contrast, we show that it is NP -complete to decide whether one edge can be inserted into a simple drawing. This remains true even if we assume that the drawing is pseudocircular, that is, the edges can be extended to an arrangement of pseudocircles. On the positive side, we show that, given an arrangement of pseudocircles A and a pseudosegment σ , it can be decided in polynomial time whether there exists a pseudocircle Φσ extending σ for which A∪{Φσ} is again an arrangement of pseudocircles.}, author = {Arroyo Guevara, Alan M and Klute, Fabian and Parada, Irene and Seidel, Raimund and Vogtenhuber, Birgit and Wiedera, Tilo}, booktitle = {Graph-Theoretic Concepts in Computer Science}, isbn = {9783030604394}, issn = {1611-3349}, location = {Leeds, United Kingdom}, pages = {325--338}, publisher = {Springer Nature}, title = {{Inserting one edge into a simple drawing is hard}}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-030-60440-0_26}, volume = {12301}, year = {2020}, } @article{8737, abstract = {Mitochondrial complex I couples NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreduction to proton pumping by an unknown mechanism. Here, we present cryo-electron microscopy structures of ovine complex I in five different conditions, including turnover, at resolutions up to 2.3 to 2.5 angstroms. Resolved water molecules allowed us to experimentally define the proton translocation pathways. Quinone binds at three positions along the quinone cavity, as does the inhibitor rotenone that also binds within subunit ND4. Dramatic conformational changes around the quinone cavity couple the redox reaction to proton translocation during open-to-closed state transitions of the enzyme. In the induced deactive state, the open conformation is arrested by the ND6 subunit. We propose a detailed molecular coupling mechanism of complex I, which is an unexpected combination of conformational changes and electrostatic interactions.}, author = {Kampjut, Domen and Sazanov, Leonid A}, issn = {10959203}, journal = {Science}, number = {6516}, publisher = {American Association for the Advancement of Science}, title = {{The coupling mechanism of mammalian respiratory complex I}}, doi = {10.1126/science.abc4209}, volume = {370}, year = {2020}, } @article{8740, abstract = {In vitro work revealed that excitatory synaptic inputs to hippocampal inhibitory interneurons could undergo Hebbian, associative, or non-associative plasticity. Both behavioral and learning-dependent reorganization of these connections has also been demonstrated by measuring spike transmission probabilities in pyramidal cell-interneuron spike cross-correlations that indicate monosynaptic connections. Here we investigated the activity-dependent modification of these connections during exploratory behavior in rats by optogenetically inhibiting pyramidal cell and interneuron subpopulations. Light application and associated firing alteration of pyramidal and interneuron populations led to lasting changes in pyramidal-interneuron connection weights as indicated by spike transmission changes. Spike transmission alterations were predicted by the light-mediated changes in the number of pre- and postsynaptic spike pairing events and by firing rate changes of interneurons but not pyramidal cells. This work demonstrates the presence of activity-dependent associative and non-associative reorganization of pyramidal-interneuron connections triggered by the optogenetic modification of the firing rate and spike synchrony of cells.}, author = {Gridchyn, Igor and Schönenberger, Philipp and O'Neill, Joseph and Csicsvari, Jozsef L}, issn = {2050084X}, journal = {eLife}, publisher = {eLife Sciences Publications}, title = {{Optogenetic inhibition-mediated activity-dependent modification of CA1 pyramidal-interneuron connections during behavior}}, doi = {10.7554/eLife.61106}, volume = {9}, year = {2020}, } @article{8741, abstract = {In ecology, climate and other fields, (sub)systems have been identified that can transition into a qualitatively different state when a critical threshold or tipping point in a driving process is crossed. An understanding of those tipping elements is of great interest given the increasing influence of humans on the biophysical Earth system. Complex interactions exist between tipping elements, e.g. physical mechanisms connect subsystems of the climate system. Based on earlier work on such coupled nonlinear systems, we systematically assessed the qualitative long-term behaviour of interacting tipping elements. We developed an understanding of the consequences of interactions on the tipping behaviour allowing for tipping cascades to emerge under certain conditions. The (narrative) application of these qualitative results to real-world examples of interacting tipping elements indicates that tipping cascades with profound consequences may occur: the interacting Greenland ice sheet and thermohaline ocean circulation might tip before the tipping points of the isolated subsystems are crossed. The eutrophication of the first lake in a lake chain might propagate through the following lakes without a crossing of their individual critical nutrient input levels. The possibility of emerging cascading tipping dynamics calls for the development of a unified theory of interacting tipping elements and the quantitative analysis of interacting real-world tipping elements.}, author = {Klose, Ann Kristin and Karle, Volker and Winkelmann, Ricarda and Donges, Jonathan F.}, issn = {20545703}, journal = {Royal Society Open Science}, number = {6}, publisher = {The Royal Society}, title = {{Emergence of cascading dynamics in interacting tipping elements of ecology and climate: Cascading dynamics in tipping elements}}, doi = {10.1098/rsos.200599}, volume = {7}, year = {2020}, } @article{8744, abstract = {Understanding the conformational sampling of translation-arrested ribosome nascent chain complexes is key to understand co-translational folding. Up to now, coupling of cysteine oxidation, disulfide bond formation and structure formation in nascent chains has remained elusive. Here, we investigate the eye-lens protein γB-crystallin in the ribosomal exit tunnel. Using mass spectrometry, theoretical simulations, dynamic nuclear polarization-enhanced solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance and cryo-electron microscopy, we show that thiol groups of cysteine residues undergo S-glutathionylation and S-nitrosylation and form non-native disulfide bonds. Thus, covalent modification chemistry occurs already prior to nascent chain release as the ribosome exit tunnel provides sufficient space even for disulfide bond formation which can guide protein folding.}, author = {Schulte, Linda and Mao, Jiafei and Reitz, Julian and Sreeramulu, Sridhar and Kudlinzki, Denis and Hodirnau, Victor-Valentin and Meier-Credo, Jakob and Saxena, Krishna and Buhr, Florian and Langer, Julian D. and Blackledge, Martin and Frangakis, Achilleas S. and Glaubitz, Clemens and Schwalbe, Harald}, issn = {2041-1723}, journal = {Nature Communications}, keywords = {General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, General Physics and Astronomy, General Chemistry}, publisher = {Springer Nature}, title = {{Cysteine oxidation and disulfide formation in the ribosomal exit tunnel}}, doi = {10.1038/s41467-020-19372-x}, volume = {11}, year = {2020}, } @article{8746, abstract = {Research in the field of colloidal semiconductor nanocrystals (NCs) has progressed tremendously, mostly because of their exceptional optoelectronic properties. Core@shell NCs, in which one or more inorganic layers overcoat individual NCs, recently received significant attention due to their remarkable optical characteristics. Reduced Auger recombination, suppressed blinking, and enhanced carrier multiplication are among the merits of core@shell NCs. Despite their importance in device development, the influence of the shell and the surface modification of the core@shell NC assemblies on the charge carrier transport remains a pertinent research objective. Type-II PbTe@PbS core@shell NCs, in which exclusive electron transport was demonstrated, still exhibit instability of their electron ransport. Here, we demonstrate the enhancement of electron transport and stability in PbTe@PbS core@shell NC assemblies using iodide as a surface passivating ligand. The combination of the PbS shelling and the use of the iodide ligand contributes to the addition of one mobile electron for each core@shell NC. Furthermore, both electron mobility and on/off current modulation ratio values of the core@shell NC field-effect transistor are steady with the usage of iodide. Excellent stability in these exclusively electron-transporting core@shell NCs paves the way for their utilization in electronic devices. }, author = {Miranti, Retno and Septianto, Ricky Dwi and Ibáñez, Maria and Kovalenko, Maksym V. and Matsushita, Nobuhiro and Iwasa, Yoshihiro and Bisri, Satria Zulkarnaen}, issn = {1077-3118}, journal = {Applied Physics Letters}, number = {17}, publisher = {AIP Publishing}, title = {{Electron transport in iodide-capped core@shell PbTe@PbS colloidal nanocrystal solids}}, doi = {10.1063/5.0025965}, volume = {117}, year = {2020}, }