@article{8669,
  abstract     = {Pancreatic islets play an essential role in regulating blood glucose level. Although the molecular pathways underlying islet cell differentiation are beginning to be resolved, the cellular basis of islet morphogenesis and fate allocation remain unclear. By combining unbiased and targeted lineage tracing, we address the events leading to islet formation in the mouse. From the statistical analysis of clones induced at multiple embryonic timepoints, here we show that, during the secondary transition, islet formation involves the aggregation of multiple equipotent endocrine progenitors that transition from a phase of stochastic amplification by cell division into a phase of sublineage restriction and limited islet fission. Together, these results explain quantitatively the heterogeneous size distribution and degree of polyclonality of maturing islets, as well as dispersion of progenitors within and between islets. Further, our results show that, during the secondary transition, α- and β-cells are generated in a contemporary manner. Together, these findings provide insight into the cellular basis of islet development.},
  author       = {Sznurkowska, Magdalena K. and Hannezo, Edouard B and Azzarelli, Roberta and Chatzeli, Lemonia and Ikeda, Tatsuro and Yoshida, Shosei and Philpott, Anna and Simons, Benjamin D},
  issn         = {20411723},
  journal      = {Nature Communications},
  publisher    = {Springer Nature},
  title        = {{Tracing the cellular basis of islet specification in mouse pancreas}},
  doi          = {10.1038/s41467-020-18837-3},
  volume       = {11},
  year         = {2020},
}

@article{8670,
  abstract     = {The α–z Rényi relative entropies are a two-parameter family of Rényi relative entropies that are quantum generalizations of the classical α-Rényi relative entropies. In the work [Adv. Math. 365, 107053 (2020)], we decided the full range of (α, z) for which the data processing inequality (DPI) is valid. In this paper, we give algebraic conditions for the equality in DPI. For the full range of parameters (α, z), we give necessary conditions and sufficient conditions. For most parameters, we give equivalent conditions. This generalizes and strengthens the results of Leditzky et al. [Lett. Math. Phys. 107, 61–80 (2017)].},
  author       = {Zhang, Haonan},
  issn         = {00222488},
  journal      = {Journal of Mathematical Physics},
  number       = {10},
  publisher    = {AIP Publishing},
  title        = {{Equality conditions of data processing inequality for α-z Rényi relative entropies}},
  doi          = {10.1063/5.0022787},
  volume       = {61},
  year         = {2020},
}

@article{8671,
  abstract     = {We study relations between evidence theory and S-approximation spaces. Both theories have their roots in the analysis of Dempsterchr('39')s multivalued mappings and lower and upper probabilities, and have close relations to rough sets. We show that an S-approximation space, satisfying a monotonicity condition, can induce a natural belief structure which is a fundamental block in evidence theory. We also demonstrate that one can induce a natural belief structure on one set, given a belief structure on another set, if the two sets are related by a partial monotone S-approximation space. },
  author       = {Shakiba, A. and Goharshady, Amir Kafshdar and Hooshmandasl, M.R. and Alambardar Meybodi, M.},
  issn         = {2008-9473},
  journal      = {Iranian Journal of Mathematical Sciences and Informatics},
  number       = {2},
  pages        = {117--128},
  publisher    = {Iranian Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research},
  title        = {{A note on belief structures and s-approximation spaces}},
  doi          = {10.29252/ijmsi.15.2.117},
  volume       = {15},
  year         = {2020},
}

@article{8672,
  abstract     = {Cell fate transitions are key to development and homeostasis. It is thus essential to understand the cellular mechanisms controlling fate transitions. Cell division has been implicated in fate decisions in many stem cell types, including neuronal and epithelial progenitors. In other stem cells, such as embryonic stem (ES) cells, the role of division remains unclear. Here, we show that exit from naive pluripotency in mouse ES cells generally occurs after a division. We further show that exit timing is strongly correlated between sister cells, which remain connected by cytoplasmic bridges long after division, and that bridge abscission progressively accelerates as cells exit naive pluripotency. Finally, interfering with abscission impairs naive pluripotency exit, and artificially inducing abscission accelerates it. Altogether, our data indicate that a switch in the division machinery leading to faster abscission regulates pluripotency exit. Our study identifies abscission as a key cellular process coupling cell division to fate transitions.},
  author       = {Chaigne, Agathe and Labouesse, Céline and White, Ian J. and Agnew, Meghan and Hannezo, Edouard B and Chalut, Kevin J. and Paluch, Ewa K.},
  issn         = {18781551},
  journal      = {Developmental Cell},
  number       = {2},
  pages        = {195--208},
  publisher    = {Elsevier},
  title        = {{Abscission couples cell division to embryonic stem cell fate}},
  doi          = {10.1016/j.devcel.2020.09.001},
  volume       = {55},
  year         = {2020},
}

@article{8674,
  abstract     = {Extrasynaptic actions of glutamate are limited by high-affinity transporters expressed by perisynaptic astroglial processes (PAPs): this helps maintain point-to-point transmission in excitatory circuits. Memory formation in the brain is associated with synaptic remodeling, but how this affects PAPs and therefore extrasynaptic glutamate actions is poorly understood. Here, we used advanced imaging methods, in situ and in vivo, to find that a classical synaptic memory mechanism, long-term potentiation (LTP), triggers withdrawal of PAPs from potentiated synapses. Optical glutamate sensors combined with patch-clamp and 3D molecular localization reveal that LTP induction thus prompts spatial retreat of astroglial glutamate transporters, boosting glutamate spillover and NMDA-receptor-mediated inter-synaptic cross-talk. The LTP-triggered PAP withdrawal involves NKCC1 transporters and the actin-controlling protein cofilin but does not depend on major Ca2+-dependent cascades in astrocytes. We have therefore uncovered a mechanism by which a memory trace at one synapse could alter signal handling by multiple neighboring connections.},
  author       = {Henneberger, Christian and Bard, Lucie and Panatier, Aude and Reynolds, James P. and Kopach, Olga and Medvedev, Nikolay I. and Minge, Daniel and Herde, Michel K. and Anders, Stefanie and Kraev, Igor and Heller, Janosch P. and Rama, Sylvain and Zheng, Kaiyu and Jensen, Thomas P. and Sanchez-Romero, Inmaculada and Jackson, Colin J. and Janovjak, Harald L and Ottersen, Ole Petter and Nagelhus, Erlend Arnulf and Oliet, Stephane H.R. and Stewart, Michael G. and Nägerl, U. VAlentin and Rusakov, Dmitri A. },
  issn         = {10974199},
  journal      = {Neuron},
  number       = {5},
  pages        = {P919--936.E11},
  publisher    = {Elsevier},
  title        = {{LTP induction boosts glutamate spillover by driving withdrawal of perisynaptic astroglia}},
  doi          = {10.1016/j.neuron.2020.08.030},
  volume       = {108},
  year         = {2020},
}

@article{8679,
  abstract     = {A central goal of artificial intelligence in high-stakes decision-making applications is to design a single algorithm that simultaneously expresses generalizability by learning coherent representations of their world and interpretable explanations of its dynamics. Here, we combine brain-inspired neural computation principles and scalable deep learning architectures to design compact neural controllers for task-specific compartments of a full-stack autonomous vehicle control system. We discover that a single algorithm with 19 control neurons, connecting 32 encapsulated input features to outputs by 253 synapses, learns to map high-dimensional inputs into steering commands. This system shows superior generalizability, interpretability and robustness compared with orders-of-magnitude larger black-box learning systems. The obtained neural agents enable high-fidelity autonomy for task-specific parts of a complex autonomous system.},
  author       = {Lechner, Mathias and Hasani, Ramin and Amini, Alexander and Henzinger, Thomas A and Rus, Daniela and Grosu, Radu},
  issn         = {2522-5839},
  journal      = {Nature Machine Intelligence},
  pages        = {642--652},
  publisher    = {Springer Nature},
  title        = {{Neural circuit policies enabling auditable autonomy}},
  doi          = {10.1038/s42256-020-00237-3},
  volume       = {2},
  year         = {2020},
}

@article{8680,
  abstract     = {Animal development entails the organization of specific cell types in space and time, and spatial patterns must form in a robust manner. In the zebrafish spinal cord, neural progenitors form stereotypic patterns despite noisy morphogen signaling and large-scale cellular rearrangements during morphogenesis and growth. By directly measuring adhesion forces and preferences for three types of endogenous neural progenitors, we provide evidence for the differential adhesion model in which differences in intercellular adhesion mediate cell sorting. Cell type–specific combinatorial expression of different classes of cadherins (N-cadherin, cadherin 11, and protocadherin 19) results in homotypic preference ex vivo and patterning robustness in vivo. Furthermore, the differential adhesion code is regulated by the sonic hedgehog morphogen gradient. We propose that robust patterning during tissue morphogenesis results from interplay between adhesion-based self-organization and morphogen-directed patterning.},
  author       = {Tsai, Tony Y.-C. and Sikora, Mateusz K and Xia, Peng and Colak-Champollion, Tugba and Knaut, Holger and Heisenberg, Carl-Philipp J and Megason, Sean G.},
  issn         = {1095-9203},
  journal      = {Science},
  keywords     = {Multidisciplinary},
  number       = {6512},
  pages        = {113--116},
  publisher    = {American Association for the Advancement of Science},
  title        = {{An adhesion code ensures robust pattern formation during tissue morphogenesis}},
  doi          = {10.1126/science.aba6637},
  volume       = {370},
  year         = {2020},
}

@techreport{8695,
  abstract     = {A look at international activities on Open Science reveals a broad spectrum from individual institutional policies to national action plans. The present Recommendations for a National Open Science Strategy in Austria are based on these international initiatives and present practical considerations for their coordinated implementation with regard to strategic developments in research, technology and innovation (RTI) in Austria until 2030. They are addressed to all relevant actors in the RTI system, in particular to Research Performing Organisations, Research Funding Organisations, Research Policy, memory institutions such as Libraries and Researchers. The recommendation paper was developed from 2018 to 2020 by the OANA working group "Open Science Strategy" and published for the first time in spring 2020 for a public consultation. The now available final version of the recommendation document, which contains feedback and comments from the consultation, is intended to provide an impetus for further discussion and implementation of Open Science in Austria and serves as a contribution and basis for a potential national Open Science Strategy in Austria. The document builds on the diverse expertise of the authors (academia, administration, library and archive, information technology, science policy, funding system, etc.) and reflects their personal experiences and opinions.},
  author       = {Mayer, Katja and Rieck, Katharina and Reichmann, Stefan and Danowski, Patrick and Graschopf, Anton and König, Thomas and Kraker, Peter and Lehner, Patrick and Reckling, Falk and Ross-Hellauer, Tony and Spichtinger, Daniel and Tzatzanis, Michalis and Schürz, Stefanie},
  pages        = {36},
  publisher    = {OANA},
  title        = {{Empfehlungen für eine nationale Open Science Strategie in Österreich / Recommendations for a National Open Science Strategy in Austria}},
  doi          = {10.5281/ZENODO.4109242},
  year         = {2020},
}

@article{8697,
  abstract     = {In the computation of the material properties of random alloys, the method of 'special quasirandom structures' attempts to approximate the properties of the alloy on a finite volume with higher accuracy by replicating certain statistics of the random atomic lattice in the finite volume as accurately as possible. In the present work, we provide a rigorous justification for a variant of this method in the framework of the Thomas–Fermi–von Weizsäcker (TFW) model. Our approach is based on a recent analysis of a related variance reduction method in stochastic homogenization of linear elliptic PDEs and the locality properties of the TFW model. Concerning the latter, we extend an exponential locality result by Nazar and Ortner to include point charges, a result that may be of independent interest.},
  author       = {Fischer, Julian L and Kniely, Michael},
  issn         = {13616544},
  journal      = {Nonlinearity},
  number       = {11},
  pages        = {5733--5772},
  publisher    = {IOP Publishing},
  title        = {{Variance reduction for effective energies of random lattices in the Thomas-Fermi-von Weizsäcker model}},
  doi          = {10.1088/1361-6544/ab9728},
  volume       = {33},
  year         = {2020},
}

@article{8698,
  abstract     = {The brain represents and reasons probabilistically about complex stimuli and motor actions using a noisy, spike-based neural code. A key building block for such neural computations, as well as the basis for supervised and unsupervised learning, is the ability to estimate the surprise or likelihood of incoming high-dimensional neural activity patterns. Despite progress in statistical modeling of neural responses and deep learning, current approaches either do not scale to large neural populations or cannot be implemented using biologically realistic mechanisms. Inspired by the sparse and random connectivity of real neuronal circuits, we present a model for neural codes that accurately estimates the likelihood of individual spiking patterns and has a straightforward, scalable, efficient, learnable, and realistic neural implementation. This model’s performance on simultaneously recorded spiking activity of >100 neurons in the monkey visual and prefrontal cortices is comparable with or better than that of state-of-the-art models. Importantly, the model can be learned using a small number of samples and using a local learning rule that utilizes noise intrinsic to neural circuits. Slower, structural changes in random connectivity, consistent with rewiring and pruning processes, further improve the efficiency and sparseness of the resulting neural representations. Our results merge insights from neuroanatomy, machine learning, and theoretical neuroscience to suggest random sparse connectivity as a key design principle for neuronal computation.},
  author       = {Maoz, Ori and Tkačik, Gašper and Esteki, Mohamad Saleh and Kiani, Roozbeh and Schneidman, Elad},
  issn         = {10916490},
  journal      = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America},
  number       = {40},
  pages        = {25066--25073},
  publisher    = {National Academy of Sciences},
  title        = {{Learning probabilistic neural representations with randomly connected circuits}},
  doi          = {10.1073/pnas.1912804117},
  volume       = {117},
  year         = {2020},
}

@article{8699,
  abstract     = {In the high spin–orbit-coupled Sr2IrO4, the high sensitivity of the ground state to the details of the local lattice structure shows a large potential for the manipulation of the functional properties by inducing local lattice distortions. We use epitaxial strain to modify the Ir–O bond geometry in Sr2IrO4 and perform momentum-dependent resonant inelastic X-ray scattering (RIXS) at the metal and at the ligand sites to unveil the response of the low-energy elementary excitations. We observe that the pseudospin-wave dispersion for tensile-strained Sr2IrO4 films displays large softening along the [h,0] direction, while along the [h,h] direction it shows hardening. This evolution reveals a renormalization of the magnetic interactions caused by a strain-driven cross-over from anisotropic to isotropic interactions between the magnetic moments. Moreover, we detect dispersive electron–hole pair excitations which shift to lower (higher) energies upon compressive (tensile) strain, manifesting a reduction (increase) in the size of the charge gap. This behavior shows an intimate coupling between charge excitations and lattice distortions in Sr2IrO4, originating from the modified hopping elements between the t2g orbitals. Our work highlights the central role played by the lattice degrees of freedom in determining both the pseudospin and charge excitations of Sr2IrO4 and provides valuable information toward the control of the ground state of complex oxides in the presence of high spin–orbit coupling.},
  author       = {Paris, Eugenio and Tseng, Yi and Paerschke, Ekaterina and Zhang, Wenliang and Upton, Mary H and Efimenko, Anna and Rolfs, Katharina and McNally, Daniel E and Maurel, Laura and Naamneh, Muntaser and Caputo, Marco and Strocov, Vladimir N and Wang, Zhiming and Casa, Diego and Schneider, Christof W and Pomjakushina, Ekaterina and Wohlfeld, Krzysztof and Radovic, Milan and Schmitt, Thorsten},
  issn         = {10916490},
  journal      = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America},
  number       = {40},
  pages        = {24764--24770},
  publisher    = {National Academy of Sciences},
  title        = {{Strain engineering of the charge and spin-orbital interactions in Sr2IrO4}},
  doi          = {10.1073/pnas.2012043117},
  volume       = {117},
  year         = {2020},
}

@article{8700,
  abstract     = {Translation termination is a finishing step of protein biosynthesis. The significant role in this process belongs not only to protein factors of translation termination but also to the nearest nucleotide environment of stop codons. There are numerous descriptions of stop codons readthrough, which is due to specific nucleotide sequences behind them. However, represented data are segmental and don’t explain the mechanism of the nucleotide context influence on translation termination. It is well known that stop codon UAA usage is preferential for A/T-rich genes, and UAG, UGA—for G/C-rich genes, which is related to an expression level of these genes. We investigated the connection between a frequency of nucleotides occurrence in 3' area of stop codons in the human genome and their influence on translation termination efficiency. We found that 3' context motif, which is cognate to the sequence of a stop codon, stimulates translation termination. At the same time, the nucleotide composition of 3' sequence that differs from stop codon, decreases translation termination efficiency.},
  author       = {Sokolova, E. E. and Vlasov, Petr and Egorova, T. V. and Shuvalov, A. V. and Alkalaeva, E. Z.},
  issn         = {16083245},
  journal      = {Molecular Biology},
  number       = {5},
  pages        = {739--748},
  publisher    = {Springer Nature},
  title        = {{The influence of A/G composition of 3' stop codon contexts on translation termination efficiency in eukaryotes}},
  doi          = {10.1134/S0026893320050088},
  volume       = {54},
  year         = {2020},
}

@article{8701,
  abstract     = {Translation termination is a finishing step of protein biosynthesis. The significant role in this process belongs not only to protein factors of translation termination but also to the nearest nucleotide environment of stop codons. There are numerous descriptions of stop codons readthrough, which is due to specific nucleotide sequences behind them. However, represented data are segmental and don’t explain the mechanism of the nucleotide context influence on translation termination. It is well known that stop codon UAA usage is preferential for A/T-rich genes, and UAG, UGA—for G/C-rich genes, which is related to an expression level of these genes. We investigated the connection between a frequency of nucleotides occurrence in 3' area of stop codons in the human genome and their influence on translation termination efficiency. We found that 3' context motif, which is cognate to the sequence of a stop codon, stimulates translation termination. At the same time, the nucleotide composition of 3' sequence that differs from stop codon, decreases translation termination efficiency.},
  author       = {Sokolova, E. E. and Vlasov, Petr and Egorova, T. V. and Shuvalov, A. V. and Alkalaeva, E. Z.},
  issn         = {00268984},
  journal      = {Molekuliarnaia biologiia},
  number       = {5},
  pages        = {837--848},
  publisher    = {Russian Academy of Sciences},
  title        = {{The influence of A/G composition of 3' stop codon contexts on translation termination efficiency in eukaryotes}},
  doi          = {10.31857/S0026898420050080},
  volume       = {54},
  year         = {2020},
}

@inproceedings{8703,
  abstract     = {Even though Delaunay originally introduced his famous triangulations in the case of infinite point sets with translational periodicity, a software that computes such triangulations in the general case is not yet available, to the best of our knowledge. Combining and generalizing previous work, we present a practical algorithm for computing such triangulations. The algorithm has been implemented and experiments show that its performance is as good as the one of the CGAL package, which is restricted to cubic periodicity. },
  author       = {Osang, Georg F and Rouxel-Labbé, Mael and Teillaud, Monique},
  booktitle    = {28th Annual European Symposium on Algorithms},
  isbn         = {9783959771627},
  issn         = {18688969},
  location     = {Virtual, Online; Pisa, Italy},
  publisher    = {Schloss Dagstuhl - Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik},
  title        = {{Generalizing CGAL periodic Delaunay triangulations}},
  doi          = {10.4230/LIPIcs.ESA.2020.75},
  volume       = {173},
  year         = {2020},
}

@inproceedings{8704,
  abstract     = {Traditional robotic control suits require profound task-specific knowledge for designing, building and testing control software. The rise of Deep Learning has enabled end-to-end solutions to be learned entirely from data, requiring minimal knowledge about the application area. We design a learning scheme to train end-to-end linear dynamical systems (LDS)s by gradient descent in imitation learning robotic domains. We introduce a new regularization loss component together with a learning algorithm that improves the stability of the learned autonomous system, by forcing the eigenvalues of the internal state updates of an LDS to be negative reals. We evaluate our approach on a series of real-life and simulated robotic experiments, in comparison to linear and nonlinear Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) architectures. Our results show that our stabilizing method significantly improves test performance of LDS, enabling such linear models to match the performance of contemporary nonlinear RNN architectures. A video of the obstacle avoidance performance of our method on a mobile robot, in unseen environments, compared to other methods can be viewed at https://youtu.be/mhEsCoNao5E.},
  author       = {Lechner, Mathias and Hasani, Ramin and Rus, Daniela and Grosu, Radu},
  booktitle    = {Proceedings - IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation},
  isbn         = {9781728173955},
  issn         = {10504729},
  location     = {Paris, France},
  pages        = {5446--5452},
  publisher    = {IEEE},
  title        = {{Gershgorin loss stabilizes the recurrent neural network compartment of an end-to-end robot learning scheme}},
  doi          = {10.1109/ICRA40945.2020.9196608},
  year         = {2020},
}

@article{8705,
  abstract     = {We consider the quantum mechanical many-body problem of a single impurity particle immersed in a weakly interacting Bose gas. The impurity interacts with the bosons via a two-body potential. We study the Hamiltonian of this system in the mean-field limit and rigorously show that, at low energies, the problem is well described by the Fröhlich polaron model.},
  author       = {Mysliwy, Krzysztof and Seiringer, Robert},
  issn         = {1424-0637},
  journal      = {Annales Henri Poincare},
  number       = {12},
  pages        = {4003--4025},
  publisher    = {Springer Nature},
  title        = {{Microscopic derivation of the Fröhlich Hamiltonian for the Bose polaron in the mean-field limit}},
  doi          = {10.1007/s00023-020-00969-3},
  volume       = {21},
  year         = {2020},
}

@article{8706,
  abstract     = {As part of the Austrian Transition to Open Access (AT2OA) project, subproject TP1-B is working on designing a monitoring solution for the output of Open Access publications in Austria. This report on a potential Open Access monitoring approach in Austria is one of the results of these efforts and can serve as a basis for discussion on an international level.},
  author       = {Danowski, Patrick and Ferus, Andreas and Hikl, Anna-Laetitia and McNeill, Gerda and Miniberger, Clemens and Reding, Steve and Zarka, Tobias and Zojer, Michael},
  issn         = {10222588},
  journal      = {Mitteilungen der Vereinigung Österreichischer Bibliothekarinnen und Bibliothekare},
  number       = {2},
  pages        = {278--284},
  publisher    = {Vereinigung Osterreichischer Bibliothekarinnen und Bibliothekare},
  title        = {{„Recommendation“ for the further procedure for open access monitoring. Deliverable of the AT2OA subproject TP1-B}},
  doi          = {10.31263/voebm.v73i2.3941},
  volume       = {73},
  year         = {2020},
}

@article{8707,
  abstract     = {Dynamic changes in the three-dimensional (3D) organization of chromatin are associated with central biological processes, such as transcription, replication and development. Therefore, the comprehensive identification and quantification of these changes is fundamental to understanding of evolutionary and regulatory mechanisms. Here, we present Comparison of Hi-C Experiments using Structural Similarity (CHESS), an algorithm for the comparison of chromatin contact maps and automatic differential feature extraction. We demonstrate the robustness of CHESS to experimental variability and showcase its biological applications on (1) interspecies comparisons of syntenic regions in human and mouse models; (2) intraspecies identification of conformational changes in Zelda-depleted Drosophila embryos; (3) patient-specific aberrant chromatin conformation in a diffuse large B-cell lymphoma sample; and (4) the systematic identification of chromatin contact differences in high-resolution Capture-C data. In summary, CHESS is a computationally efficient method for the comparison and classification of changes in chromatin contact data.},
  author       = { Galan, Silvia and Machnik, Nick N and Kruse, Kai and Díaz, Noelia and Marti-Renom, Marc A and Vaquerizas, Juan M},
  issn         = {15461718},
  journal      = {Nature Genetics},
  pages        = {1247--1255},
  publisher    = {Springer Nature},
  title        = {{CHESS enables quantitative comparison of chromatin contact data and automatic feature extraction}},
  doi          = {10.1038/s41588-020-00712-y},
  volume       = {52},
  year         = {2020},
}

@article{8721,
  abstract     = {Spontaneously arising channels that transport the phytohormone auxin provide positional cues for self-organizing aspects of plant development such as flexible vasculature regeneration or its patterning during leaf venation. The auxin canalization hypothesis proposes a feedback between auxin signaling and transport as the underlying mechanism, but molecular players await discovery. We identified part of the machinery that routes auxin transport. The auxin-regulated receptor CAMEL (Canalization-related Auxin-regulated Malectin-type RLK) together with CANAR (Canalization-related Receptor-like kinase) interact with and phosphorylate PIN auxin transporters. camel and canar mutants are impaired in PIN1 subcellular trafficking and auxin-mediated PIN polarization, which macroscopically manifests as defects in leaf venation and vasculature regeneration after wounding. The CAMEL-CANAR receptor complex is part of the auxin feedback that coordinates polarization of individual cells during auxin canalization.},
  author       = {Hajny, Jakub and Prat, Tomas and Rydza, N and Rodriguez Solovey, Lesia and Tan, Shutang and Verstraeten, Inge and Domjan, David and Mazur, E and Smakowska-Luzan, E and Smet, W and Mor, E and Nolf, J and Yang, B and Grunewald, W and Molnar, Gergely and Belkhadir, Y and De Rybel, B and Friml, Jiří},
  issn         = {1095-9203},
  journal      = {Science},
  number       = {6516},
  pages        = {550--557},
  publisher    = {American Association for the Advancement of Science},
  title        = {{Receptor kinase module targets PIN-dependent auxin transport during canalization}},
  doi          = {10.1126/science.aba3178},
  volume       = {370},
  year         = {2020},
}

@inproceedings{8722,
  abstract     = {Load imbalance pervasively exists in distributed deep learning training systems, either caused by the inherent imbalance in learned tasks or by the system itself. Traditional synchronous Stochastic Gradient Descent (SGD)
achieves good accuracy for a wide variety of tasks, but relies on global synchronization to accumulate the gradients at every training step. In this paper, we propose eager-SGD, which relaxes the global synchronization for
decentralized accumulation. To implement eager-SGD, we propose to use two partial collectives: solo and majority. With solo allreduce, the faster processes contribute their gradients eagerly without waiting for the slower processes, whereas with majority allreduce, at least half of the participants must contribute gradients before continuing, all without using a central parameter server. We theoretically prove the convergence of the algorithms and describe the partial collectives in detail. Experimental results on load-imbalanced environments (CIFAR-10, ImageNet, and UCF101 datasets) show
that eager-SGD achieves 1.27x speedup over the state-of-the-art synchronous SGD, without losing accuracy.},
  author       = {Li, Shigang and Tal Ben-Nun, Tal Ben-Nun and Girolamo, Salvatore Di and Alistarh, Dan-Adrian and Hoefler, Torsten},
  booktitle    = {Proceedings of the 25th ACM SIGPLAN Symposium on Principles and Practice of Parallel Programming},
  location     = {San Diego, CA, United States},
  pages        = {45--61},
  publisher    = {Association for Computing Machinery},
  title        = {{Taming unbalanced training workloads in deep learning with partial collective operations}},
  doi          = {10.1145/3332466.3374528},
  year         = {2020},
}