@phdthesis{8350,
  abstract     = {Cytoplasm is a gel-like crowded environment composed of tens of thousands of macromolecules, organelles, cytoskeletal networks and cytosol. The structure of the cytoplasm is thought to be highly organized and heterogeneous due to the crowding of its constituents and their effective compartmentalization. In such an environment, the diffusive dynamics of the molecules is very restricted, an effect that is further amplified by clustering and anchoring of molecules. Despite the jammed nature of the cytoplasm at the microscopic scale, large-scale reorganization of cytoplasm is essential for important cellular functions, such as nuclear positioning and cell division. How such mesoscale reorganization of the cytoplasm is achieved, especially for very large cells such as oocytes or syncytial tissues that can span hundreds of micrometers in size, has only begun to be understood.
In this thesis, I focus on the recent advances in elucidating the molecular, cellular and biophysical principles underlying cytoplasmic organization across different scales, structures and species. First, I outline which of these principles have been identified by reductionist approaches, such as in vitro reconstitution assays, where boundary conditions and components can be modulated at ease. I then describe how the theoretical and experimental framework established in these reduced systems have been applied to their more complex in vivo counterparts, in particular oocytes and embryonic syncytial structures, and discuss how such complex biological systems can initiate symmetry breaking and establish patterning.
Specifically, I examine an example of large-scale reorganizations taking place in zebrafish embryos, where extensive cytoplasmic streaming leads to the segregation of cytoplasm from yolk granules along the animal-vegetal axis of the embryo. Using biophysical experimentation and theory, I investigate the forces underlying this process, to show that this process does not rely on cortical actin reorganization, as previously thought, but instead on a cell-cycle-dependent bulk actin polymerization wave traveling from the animal to the vegetal pole of the embryo. This wave functions in segregation by both pulling cytoplasm animally and pushing yolk granules vegetally. Cytoplasm pulling is mediated by bulk actin network flows exerting friction forces on the cytoplasm, while yolk granule pushing is achieved by a mechanism closely resembling actin comet formation on yolk granules. This study defines a novel role of bulk actin polymerization waves in embryo polarization via cytoplasmic segregation. Lastly, I describe the cytoplasmic reorganizations taking place during zebrafish oocyte maturation, where the initial segregation of the cytoplasm and yolk granules occurs. Here, I demonstrate a previously uncharacterized wave of microtubule aster formation, traveling the oocyte along the animal-vegetal axis. Further research is required to determine the role of such microtubule structures in cytoplasmic reorganizations therein.
Collectively, these studies provide further evidence for the coupling between cell cytoskeleton and cell cycle machinery, which can underlie a core self-organizing mechanism for orchestrating large-scale reorganizations in a cell-cycle-tunable manner, where the modulations of the force-generating machinery and cytoplasmic mechanics can be harbored to fulfill cellular functions.},
  author       = {Shamipour, Shayan},
  issn         = {2663-337X},
  pages        = {107},
  publisher    = {Institute of Science and Technology Austria},
  title        = {{Bulk actin dynamics drive phase segregation in zebrafish oocytes }},
  doi          = {10.15479/AT:ISTA:8350},
  year         = {2020},
}

@phdthesis{8353,
  abstract     = {Mrp (Multi resistance and pH adaptation) are broadly distributed secondary active antiporters that catalyze the transport of monovalent ions such as sodium and potassium outside of the cell coupled to the inward translocation of protons. Mrp antiporters are unique in a way that they are composed of seven subunits (MrpABCDEFG) encoded in a single operon, whereas other antiporters catalyzing the same reaction are mostly encoded by a single gene. Mrp exchangers are crucial for intracellular pH homeostasis and Na+ efflux, essential mechanisms for H+ uptake under alkaline environments and for reduction of the intracellular concentration of toxic cations. Mrp displays no homology to any other monovalent Na+(K+)/H+ antiporters but Mrp subunits have primary sequence similarity to essential redox-driven proton pumps, such as respiratory complex I and membrane-bound hydrogenases. This similarity reinforces the hypothesis that these present day redox-driven proton pumps are descended from the Mrp antiporter. The Mrp structure serves as a model to understand the yet obscure coupling mechanism between ion or electron transfer and proton translocation in this large group of proteins. In the thesis, I am presenting the purification, biochemical analysis, cryo-EM analysis and molecular structure of the Mrp complex from Anoxybacillus flavithermus solved by cryo-EM at 3.0 Å resolution. Numerous conditions were screened to purify Mrp to high homogeneity and to obtain an appropriate distribution of single particles on cryo-EM grids covered with a continuous layer of ultrathin carbon. A preferred particle orientation problem was solved by performing a tilted data collection. The activity assays showed the specific pH-dependent
profile of secondary active antiporters. The molecular structure shows that Mrp is a dimer of seven-subunit protomers with 50 trans-membrane helices each. The dimer interface is built by many short and tilted transmembrane helices, probably causing a thinning of the bacterial membrane. The surface charge distribution shows an extraordinary asymmetry within each monomer, revealing presumable proton and sodium translocation pathways. The two largest
and homologous Mrp subunits MrpA and MrpD probably translocate one proton each into the cell. The sodium ion is likely being translocated in the opposite direction within the small subunits along a ladder of charged and conserved residues. Based on the structure, we propose a mechanism were the antiport activity is accomplished via electrostatic interactions between the charged cations and key charged residues. The flexible key TM helices coordinate these
electrostatic interactions, while the membrane thinning between the monomers enables the translocation of sodium across the charged membrane. The entire family of redox-driven proton pumps is likely to perform their mechanism in a likewise manner.},
  author       = {Steiner, Julia},
  issn         = {2663-337X},
  pages        = {191},
  publisher    = {Institute of Science and Technology Austria},
  title        = {{Biochemical and structural investigation of the Mrp antiporter, an ancestor of complex I}},
  doi          = {10.15479/AT:ISTA:8353},
  year         = {2020},
}

@phdthesis{8358,
  abstract     = {During bacterial cell division, the tubulin-homolog FtsZ forms a ring-like structure at the center of the cell. This so-called Z-ring acts as a scaffold recruiting several division-related proteins to mid-cell and plays a key role in distributing proteins at the division site, a feature driven by the treadmilling motion of FtsZ filaments around the septum. What regulates the architecture, dynamics and stability of the Z-ring is still poorly understood, but FtsZ-associated proteins (Zaps) are known to play an important role. 
Advances in fluorescence microscopy and in vitro reconstitution experiments have helped to shed light into some of the dynamic properties of these complex systems, but methods that allow to collect and analyze large quantitative data sets of the underlying polymer dynamics are still missing.
Here, using an in vitro reconstitution approach, we studied how different Zaps affect FtsZ filament dynamics and organization into large-scale patterns, giving special emphasis to the role of the well-conserved protein ZapA. For this purpose, we use high-resolution fluorescence microscopy combined with novel image analysis workfows to study pattern organization and polymerization dynamics of active filaments. We quantified the influence of Zaps on FtsZ on three diferent spatial scales: the large-scale organization of the membrane-bound filament network, the underlying
polymerization dynamics and the behavior of single molecules.
We found that ZapA cooperatively increases the spatial order of the filament network, binds only transiently to FtsZ filaments and has no effect on filament length and treadmilling velocity. Our data provides a model for how FtsZ-associated proteins can increase the precision and stability of the bacterial cell division machinery in a
switch-like manner, without compromising filament dynamics. Furthermore, we believe that our automated quantitative methods can be used to analyze a large variety of dynamic cytoskeletal systems, using standard time-lapse
movies of homogeneously labeled proteins obtained from experiments in vitro or even inside the living cell.
},
  author       = {Dos Santos Caldas, Paulo R},
  isbn         = {978-3-99078-009-1},
  issn         = {2663-337X},
  pages        = {135},
  publisher    = {Institute of Science and Technology Austria},
  title        = {{Organization and dynamics of treadmilling filaments in cytoskeletal networks of FtsZ and its crosslinkers}},
  doi          = {10.15479/AT:ISTA:8358},
  year         = {2020},
}

@article{8361,
  abstract     = {With the lithium-ion technology approaching its intrinsic limit with graphite-based anodes, Li metal is recently receiving renewed interest from the battery community as potential high capacity anode for next-generation rechargeable batteries. In this focus paper, we review the main advances in this field since the first attempts in the mid-1970s. Strategies for enabling reversible cycling and avoiding dendrite growth are thoroughly discussed, including specific applications in all-solid-state (inorganic and polymeric), Lithium–Sulfur (Li–S) and Lithium-O2 (air) batteries. A particular attention is paid to recent developments of these battery technologies and their current state with respect to the 2030 targets of the EU Integrated Strategic Energy Technology Plan (SET-Plan) Action 7.},
  author       = {Varzi, Alberto and Thanner, Katharina and Scipioni, Roberto and Di Lecce, Daniele and Hassoun, Jusef and Dörfler, Susanne and Altheus, Holger and Kaskel, Stefan and Prehal, Christian and Freunberger, Stefan Alexander},
  issn         = {0378-7753},
  journal      = {Journal of Power Sources},
  number       = {12},
  publisher    = {Elsevier},
  title        = {{Current status and future perspectives of lithium metal batteries}},
  doi          = {10.1016/j.jpowsour.2020.228803},
  volume       = {480},
  year         = {2020},
}

@phdthesis{8366,
  abstract     = {Fabrication of curved shells plays an important role in modern design, industry, and science. Among their remarkable properties are, for example, aesthetics of organic shapes, ability to evenly distribute loads, or efficient flow separation. They find applications across vast length scales ranging from sky-scraper architecture to microscopic devices. But, at
the same time, the design of curved shells and their manufacturing process pose a variety of challenges. In this thesis, they are addressed from several perspectives. In particular, this thesis presents approaches based on the transformation of initially flat sheets into the target curved surfaces. This involves problems of interactive design of shells with nontrivial mechanical constraints, inverse design of complex structural materials, and data-driven modeling of delicate and time-dependent physical properties. At the same time, two newly-developed self-morphing mechanisms targeting flat-to-curved transformation are presented.
In architecture, doubly curved surfaces can be realized as cold bent glass panelizations. Originally flat glass panels are bent into frames and remain stressed. This is a cost-efficient fabrication approach compared to hot bending, when glass panels are shaped plastically. However such constructions are prone to breaking during bending, and it is highly
nontrivial to navigate the design space, keeping the panels fabricable and aesthetically pleasing at the same time. We introduce an interactive design system for cold bent glass façades, while previously even offline optimization for such scenarios has not been sufficiently developed. Our method is based on a deep learning approach providing quick
and high precision estimation of glass panel shape and stress while handling the shape
multimodality.
Fabrication of smaller objects of scales below 1 m, can also greatly benefit from shaping originally flat sheets. In this respect, we designed new self-morphing shell mechanisms transforming from an initial flat state to a doubly curved state with high precision and detail. Our so-called CurveUps demonstrate the encodement of the geometric information
into the shell. Furthermore, we explored the frontiers of programmable materials and showed how temporal information can additionally be encoded into a flat shell. This allows prescribing deformation sequences for doubly curved surfaces and, thus, facilitates self-collision avoidance enabling complex shapes and functionalities otherwise impossible.
Both of these methods include inverse design tools keeping the user in the design loop.},
  author       = {Guseinov, Ruslan},
  isbn         = {978-3-99078-010-7},
  issn         = {2663-337X},
  keywords     = {computer-aided design, shape modeling, self-morphing, mechanical engineering},
  pages        = {118},
  publisher    = {Institute of Science and Technology Austria},
  title        = {{Computational design of curved thin shells: From glass façades to programmable matter}},
  doi          = {10.15479/AT:ISTA:8366},
  year         = {2020},
}

@misc{8375,
  abstract     = {Supplementary movies showing the following sequences for spatio-temporarily programmed shells: input geometry and actuation time landscape; comparison of morphing processes from a camera recording and a simulation; final actuated shape.},
  author       = {Guseinov, Ruslan},
  publisher    = {Institute of Science and Technology Austria},
  title        = {{Supplementary data for "Computational design of curved thin shells: from glass façades to programmable matter"}},
  doi          = {10.15479/AT:ISTA:8375},
  year         = {2020},
}

@inproceedings{8383,
  abstract     = {We introduce extension-based proofs, a class of impossibility proofs that includes valency arguments. They are modelled as an interaction between a prover and a protocol. Using proofs based on combinatorial topology, it has been shown that it is impossible to deterministically solve k-set agreement among n > k ≥ 2 processes in a wait-free manner. However, it was unknown whether proofs based on simpler techniques were possible. We explain why this impossibility result cannot be obtained by an extension-based proof and, hence, extension-based proofs are limited in power.},
  author       = {Alistarh, Dan-Adrian and Aspnes, James and Ellen, Faith and Gelashvili, Rati and Zhu, Leqi},
  booktitle    = {Proceedings of the 39th Symposium on Principles of Distributed Computing},
  isbn         = {9781450375825},
  location     = {Virtual, Italy},
  pages        = {54--56},
  publisher    = {Association for Computing Machinery},
  title        = {{Brief Announcement: Why Extension-Based Proofs Fail}},
  doi          = {10.1145/3382734.3405743},
  year         = {2020},
}

@article{8384,
  abstract     = {Previous research on animations of soap bubbles, films, and foams largely focuses on the motion and geometric shape of the bubble surface. These works neglect the evolution of the bubble’s thickness, which is normally responsible for visual phenomena like surface vortices, Newton’s interference patterns, capillary waves, and deformation-dependent rupturing of films in a foam. In this paper, we model these natural phenomena by introducing the film thickness as a reduced degree of freedom in the Navier-Stokes equations and deriving their equations of motion. We discretize the equations on a nonmanifold triangle mesh surface and couple it to an existing bubble solver. In doing so, we also introduce an incompressible fluid solver for 2.5D films and a novel advection algorithm for convecting fields across non-manifold surface junctions. Our simulations enhance state-of-the-art bubble solvers with additional effects caused by convection, rippling, draining, and evaporation of the thin film.},
  author       = {Ishida, Sadashige and Synak, Peter and Narita, Fumiya and Hachisuka, Toshiya and Wojtan, Christopher J},
  issn         = {15577368},
  journal      = {ACM Transactions on Graphics},
  number       = {4},
  publisher    = {Association for Computing Machinery},
  title        = {{A model for soap film dynamics with evolving thickness}},
  doi          = {10.1145/3386569.3392405},
  volume       = {39},
  year         = {2020},
}

@article{8385,
  abstract     = {We present a method for animating yarn-level cloth effects using a thin-shell solver. We accomplish this through numerical homogenization: we first use a large number of yarn-level simulations to build a model of the potential energy density of the cloth, and then use this energy density function to compute forces in a thin shell simulator. We model several yarn-based materials, including both woven and knitted fabrics. Our model faithfully reproduces expected effects like the stiffness of woven fabrics, and the highly deformable nature and anisotropy of knitted fabrics. Our approach does not require any real-world experiments nor measurements; because the method is based entirely on simulations, it can generate entirely new material models quickly, without the need for testing apparatuses or human intervention. We provide data-driven models of several woven and knitted fabrics, which can be used for efficient simulation with an off-the-shelf cloth solver.},
  author       = {Sperl, Georg and Narain, Rahul and Wojtan, Christopher J},
  issn         = {15577368},
  journal      = {ACM Transactions on Graphics},
  number       = {4},
  publisher    = {Association for Computing Machinery},
  title        = {{Homogenized yarn-level cloth}},
  doi          = {10.1145/3386569.3392412},
  volume       = {39},
  year         = {2020},
}

@phdthesis{8386,
  abstract     = {Form versus function is a long-standing debate in various design-related fields, such as architecture as well as graphic and industrial design. A good design that balances form and function often requires considerable human effort and collaboration among experts from different professional fields. Computational design tools provide a new paradigm for designing functional objects. In computational design, form and function are represented as mathematical
quantities, with the help of numerical and combinatorial algorithms, they can assist even novice users in designing versatile models that exhibit their desired functionality. This thesis presents three disparate research studies on the computational design of functional objects: The appearance of 3d print—we optimize the volumetric material distribution for faithfully replicating colored surface texture in 3d printing; the dynamic motion of mechanical structures—
our design system helps the novice user to retarget various mechanical templates with different functionality to complex 3d shapes; and a more abstract functionality, multistability—our algorithm automatically generates models that exhibit multiple stable target poses. For each of these cases, our computational design tools not only ensure the functionality of the results but also permit the user aesthetic freedom over the form. Moreover, fabrication constraints
were taken into account, which allow for the immediate creation of physical realization via 3D printing or laser cutting.},
  author       = {Zhang, Ran},
  issn         = {2663-337X},
  pages        = {148},
  publisher    = {Institute of Science and Technology Austria},
  title        = {{Structure-aware computational design and its application to 3D printable volume scattering, mechanism, and multistability}},
  doi          = {10.15479/AT:ISTA:8386},
  year         = {2020},
}

@phdthesis{8390,
  abstract     = {Deep neural networks have established a new standard for data-dependent feature extraction pipelines in the Computer Vision literature. Despite their remarkable performance in the standard supervised learning scenario, i.e. when models are trained with labeled data and tested on samples that follow a similar distribution, neural networks have been shown to struggle with more advanced generalization abilities, such as transferring knowledge across visually different domains, or generalizing to new unseen combinations of known concepts. In this thesis we argue that, in contrast to the usual black-box behavior of neural networks, leveraging more structured internal representations is a promising direction
for tackling such problems. In particular, we focus on two forms of structure. First, we tackle modularity: We show that (i) compositional architectures are a natural tool for modeling reasoning tasks, in that they efficiently capture their combinatorial nature, which is key for generalizing beyond the compositions seen during training. We investigate how to to learn such models, both formally and experimentally, for the task of abstract visual reasoning. Then, we show that (ii) in some settings, modularity allows us to efficiently break down complex tasks into smaller, easier, modules, thereby improving computational efficiency; We study this behavior in the context of generative models for colorization, as well as for small objects detection. Secondly, we investigate the inherently layered structure of representations learned by neural networks, and analyze its role in the context of transfer learning and domain adaptation across visually
dissimilar domains. },
  author       = {Royer, Amélie},
  isbn         = {978-3-99078-007-7},
  issn         = {2663-337X},
  pages        = {197},
  publisher    = {Institute of Science and Technology Austria},
  title        = {{Leveraging structure in Computer Vision tasks for flexible Deep Learning models}},
  doi          = {10.15479/AT:ISTA:8390},
  year         = {2020},
}

@article{8434,
  abstract     = {Efficient migration on adhesive surfaces involves the protrusion of lamellipodial actin networks and their subsequent stabilization by nascent adhesions. The actin-binding protein lamellipodin (Lpd) is thought to play a critical role in lamellipodium protrusion, by delivering Ena/VASP proteins onto the growing plus ends of actin filaments and by interacting with the WAVE regulatory complex, an activator of the Arp2/3 complex, at the leading edge. Using B16-F1 melanoma cell lines, we demonstrate that genetic ablation of Lpd compromises protrusion efficiency and coincident cell migration without altering essential parameters of lamellipodia, including their maximal rate of forward advancement and actin polymerization. We also confirmed lamellipodia and migration phenotypes with CRISPR/Cas9-mediated Lpd knockout Rat2 fibroblasts, excluding cell type-specific effects. Moreover, computer-aided analysis of cell-edge morphodynamics on B16-F1 cell lamellipodia revealed that loss of Lpd correlates with reduced temporal protrusion maintenance as a prerequisite of nascent adhesion formation. We conclude that Lpd optimizes protrusion and nascent adhesion formation by counteracting frequent, chaotic retraction and membrane ruffling.This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper. },
  author       = {Dimchev, Georgi A and Amiri, Behnam and Humphries, Ashley C. and Schaks, Matthias and Dimchev, Vanessa and Stradal, Theresia E. B. and Faix, Jan and Krause, Matthias and Way, Michael and Falcke, Martin and Rottner, Klemens},
  issn         = {1477-9137},
  journal      = {Journal of Cell Science},
  keywords     = {Cell Biology},
  number       = {7},
  publisher    = {The Company of Biologists},
  title        = {{Lamellipodin tunes cell migration by stabilizing protrusions and promoting adhesion formation}},
  doi          = {10.1242/jcs.239020},
  volume       = {133},
  year         = {2020},
}

@article{8529,
  abstract     = {Practical quantum networks require low-loss and noise-resilient optical interconnects as well as non-Gaussian resources for entanglement distillation and distributed quantum computation. The latter could be provided by superconducting circuits but existing solutions to interface the microwave and optical domains lack either scalability or efficiency, and in most cases the conversion noise is not known. In this work we utilize the unique opportunities of silicon photonics, cavity optomechanics and superconducting circuits to demonstrate a fully integrated, coherent transducer interfacing the microwave X and the telecom S bands with a total (internal) bidirectional transduction efficiency of 1.2% (135%) at millikelvin temperatures. The coupling relies solely on the radiation pressure interaction mediated by the femtometer-scale motion of two silicon nanobeams reaching a <jats:italic>V</jats:italic><jats:sub><jats:italic>π</jats:italic></jats:sub> as low as 16 μV for sub-nanowatt pump powers. Without the associated optomechanical gain, we achieve a total (internal) pure conversion efficiency of up to 0.019% (1.6%), relevant for future noise-free operation on this qubit-compatible platform.},
  author       = {Arnold, Georg M and Wulf, Matthias and Barzanjeh, Shabir and Redchenko, Elena and Rueda Sanchez, Alfredo R and Hease, William J and Hassani, Farid and Fink, Johannes M},
  issn         = {2041-1723},
  journal      = {Nature Communications},
  keywords     = {General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, General Physics and Astronomy, General Chemistry},
  publisher    = {Springer Nature},
  title        = {{Converting microwave and telecom photons with a silicon photonic nanomechanical interface}},
  doi          = {10.1038/s41467-020-18269-z},
  volume       = {11},
  year         = {2020},
}

@article{8532,
  abstract     = {The molecular anatomy of synapses defines their characteristics in transmission and plasticity. Precise measurements of the number and distribution of synaptic proteins are important for our understanding of synapse heterogeneity within and between brain regions. Freeze–fracture replica immunogold electron microscopy enables us to analyze them quantitatively on a two-dimensional membrane surface. Here, we introduce Darea software, which utilizes deep learning for analysis of replica images and demonstrate its usefulness for quick measurements of the pre- and postsynaptic areas, density and distribution of gold particles at synapses in a reproducible manner. We used Darea for comparing glutamate receptor and calcium channel distributions between hippocampal CA3-CA1 spine synapses on apical and basal dendrites, which differ in signaling pathways involved in synaptic plasticity. We found that apical synapses express a higher density of α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) receptors and a stronger increase of AMPA receptors with synaptic size, while basal synapses show a larger increase in N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors with size. Interestingly, AMPA and NMDA receptors are segregated within postsynaptic sites and negatively correlated in density among both apical and basal synapses. In the presynaptic sites, Cav2.1 voltage-gated calcium channels show similar densities in apical and basal synapses with distributions consistent with an exclusion zone model of calcium channel-release site topography.},
  author       = {Kleindienst, David and Montanaro-Punzengruber, Jacqueline-Claire and Bhandari, Pradeep and Case, Matthew J and Fukazawa, Yugo and Shigemoto, Ryuichi},
  issn         = {14220067},
  journal      = {International Journal of Molecular Sciences},
  number       = {18},
  publisher    = {MDPI},
  title        = {{Deep learning-assisted high-throughput analysis of freeze-fracture replica images applied to glutamate receptors and calcium channels at hippocampal synapses}},
  doi          = {10.3390/ijms21186737},
  volume       = {21},
  year         = {2020},
}

@inproceedings{8533,
  abstract     = {Game of Life is a simple and elegant model to study dynamical system over networks. The model consists of a graph where every vertex has one of two types, namely, dead or alive. A configuration is a mapping of the vertices to the types. An update rule describes how the type of a vertex is updated given the types of its neighbors. In every round, all vertices are updated synchronously, which leads to a configuration update. While in general, Game of Life allows a broad range of update rules, we focus on two simple families of update rules, namely, underpopulation and overpopulation, that model several interesting dynamics studied in the literature. In both settings, a dead vertex requires at least a desired number of live neighbors to become alive. For underpopulation (resp., overpopulation), a live vertex requires at least (resp. at most) a desired number of live neighbors to remain alive. We study the basic computation problems, e.g., configuration reachability, for these two families of rules. For underpopulation rules, we show that these problems can be solved in polynomial time, whereas for overpopulation rules they are PSPACE-complete.},
  author       = {Chatterjee, Krishnendu and Ibsen-Jensen, Rasmus and Jecker, Ismael R and Svoboda, Jakub},
  booktitle    = {45th International Symposium on Mathematical Foundations of Computer Science},
  isbn         = {9783959771597},
  issn         = {18688969},
  location     = {Prague, Czech Republic},
  publisher    = {Schloss Dagstuhl - Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik},
  title        = {{Simplified game of life: Algorithms and complexity}},
  doi          = {10.4230/LIPIcs.MFCS.2020.22},
  volume       = {170},
  year         = {2020},
}

@inproceedings{8534,
  abstract     = {A regular language L of finite words is composite if there are regular languages L₁,L₂,…,L_t such that L = ⋂_{i = 1}^t L_i and the index (number of states in a minimal DFA) of every language L_i is strictly smaller than the index of L. Otherwise, L is prime. Primality of regular languages was introduced and studied in [O. Kupferman and J. Mosheiff, 2015], where the complexity of deciding the primality of the language of a given DFA was left open, with a doubly-exponential gap between the upper and lower bounds. We study primality for unary regular languages, namely regular languages with a singleton alphabet. A unary language corresponds to a subset of ℕ, making the study of unary prime languages closer to that of primality in number theory. We show that the setting of languages is richer. In particular, while every composite number is the product of two smaller numbers, the number t of languages necessary to decompose a composite unary language induces a strict hierarchy. In addition, a primality witness for a unary language L, namely a word that is not in L but is in all products of languages that contain L and have an index smaller than L’s, may be of exponential length. Still, we are able to characterize compositionality by structural properties of a DFA for L, leading to a LogSpace algorithm for primality checking of unary DFAs.},
  author       = {Jecker, Ismael R and Kupferman, Orna and Mazzocchi, Nicolas},
  booktitle    = {45th International Symposium on Mathematical Foundations of Computer Science},
  isbn         = {9783959771597},
  issn         = {18688969},
  location     = {Prague, Czech Republic},
  publisher    = {Schloss Dagstuhl - Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik},
  title        = {{Unary prime languages}},
  doi          = {10.4230/LIPIcs.MFCS.2020.51},
  volume       = {170},
  year         = {2020},
}

@article{8535,
  abstract     = {We propose a method to enhance the visual detail of a water surface simulation. Our method works as a post-processing step which takes a simulation as input and increases its apparent resolution by simulating many detailed Lagrangian water waves on top of it. We extend linear water wave theory to work in non-planar domains which deform over time, and we discretize the theory using Lagrangian wave packets attached to spline curves. The method is numerically stable and trivially parallelizable, and it produces high frequency ripples with dispersive wave-like behaviors customized to the underlying fluid simulation.},
  author       = {Skrivan, Tomas and Soderstrom, Andreas and Johansson, John and Sprenger, Christoph and Museth, Ken and Wojtan, Christopher J},
  issn         = {15577368},
  journal      = {ACM Transactions on Graphics},
  number       = {4},
  publisher    = {Association for Computing Machinery},
  title        = {{Wave curves: Simulating Lagrangian water waves on dynamically deforming surfaces}},
  doi          = {10.1145/3386569.3392466},
  volume       = {39},
  year         = {2020},
}

@inproceedings{8536,
  abstract     = {This work analyzes the latency of the simplified successive cancellation (SSC) decoding scheme for polar codes proposed by Alamdar-Yazdi and Kschischang. It is shown that, unlike conventional successive cancellation decoding, where latency is linear in the block length, the latency of SSC decoding is sublinear. More specifically, the latency of SSC decoding is O(N 1−1/µ ), where N is the block length and µ is the scaling exponent of the channel, which captures the speed of convergence of the rate to capacity. Numerical results demonstrate the tightness of the bound and show that most of the latency reduction arises from the parallel decoding of subcodes of rate 0 and 1.},
  author       = {Mondelli, Marco and Hashemi, Seyyed Ali and Cioffi, John and Goldsmith, Andrea},
  booktitle    = {IEEE International Symposium on Information Theory - Proceedings},
  isbn         = {9781728164328},
  issn         = {21578095},
  location     = {Los Angeles, CA, United States},
  publisher    = {IEEE},
  title        = {{Simplified successive cancellation decoding of polar codes has sublinear latency}},
  doi          = {10.1109/ISIT44484.2020.9174141},
  volume       = {2020-June},
  year         = {2020},
}

@article{8538,
  abstract     = {We prove some recent experimental observations of Dan Reznik concerning periodic billiard orbits in ellipses. For example, the sum of cosines of the angles of a periodic billiard polygon remains constant in the 1-parameter family of such polygons (that exist due to the Poncelet porism). In our proofs, we use geometric and complex analytic methods.},
  author       = {Akopyan, Arseniy and Schwartz, Richard and Tabachnikov, Serge},
  issn         = {2199-6768},
  journal      = {European Journal of Mathematics},
  publisher    = {Springer Nature},
  title        = {{Billiards in ellipses revisited}},
  doi          = {10.1007/s40879-020-00426-9},
  year         = {2020},
}

@article{8539,
  abstract     = {Cohomological and K-theoretic stable bases originated from the study of quantum cohomology and quantum K-theory. Restriction formula for cohomological stable bases played an important role in computing the quantum connection of cotangent bundle of partial flag varieties. In this paper we study the K-theoretic stable bases of cotangent bundles of flag varieties. We describe these bases in terms of the action of the affine Hecke algebra and the twisted group algebra of KostantKumar. Using this algebraic description and the method of root polynomials, we give a restriction formula of the stable bases. We apply it to obtain the restriction formula for partial flag varieties. We also build a relation between the stable basis and the Casselman basis in the principal series representations of the Langlands dual group. As an application, we give a closed formula for the transition matrix between Casselman basis and the characteristic functions.},
  author       = {Su, C. and Zhao, Gufang and Zhong, C.},
  issn         = {0012-9593},
  journal      = {Annales Scientifiques de l'Ecole Normale Superieure},
  number       = {3},
  pages        = {663--671},
  publisher    = {Société Mathématique de France},
  title        = {{On the K-theory stable bases of the springer resolution}},
  doi          = {10.24033/asens.2431},
  volume       = {53},
  year         = {2020},
}