---
_id: '3472'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: A novel potassium-selective channel which is active at membrane potentials
    between -100 mV and +40 mV has been identified in peripheral myelinated axons
    of Xenopus laevis using the patch-clamp technique. At negative potentials with
    105 mM-K on both sides of the membrane, the channel at 1 kHz resolution showed
    a series of brief openings and closings interrupted by longer closings, resulting
    in a flickery bursting activity. Measurements with resolution up to 10 kHz revealed
    a single-channel conductance of 49 pS with 105 mM-K and 17 pS with 2.5 mM-K on
    the outer side of the membrane. The channel was selective for K ions over Na ions
    (PNa/PK = 0.033). The probability of being within a burst in outside-out patches
    varied from patch to patch (&gt; 0.2, but often &gt; 0.9), and was independent
    of membrane potential. Open-time histograms were satisfactorily described with
    a single exponential (tau o = 0.09 msec), closed times with the sum of three exponentials
    (tau c = 0.13, 5.9, and 36.6 msec). Sensitivity to external tetraethylammonium
    was comparatively low (IC50 = 19.0 mM). External Cs ions reduced the apparent
    unitary conductance for inward currents at Em = -90 mV (IC50 = 1.1 mM). Ba and,
    more potently, Zn ions lowered not only the apparent single-channel conductance
    but also open probability. The local anesthetic bupivacaine with high potency
    reduced probability of being within a burst (IC50 = 165 nM). The flickering K
    channel is clearly different from the other five types of K channels identified
    so far in the same preparation. We suggest that this channel may form the molecular
    basis of the resting potential in vertebrate myelinated axons.
acknowledgement: A grant from the Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung to D.-S.K. is gratefully
  acknowledged, and this paper constitutes a part of his dissertation. We thank Drs.
  H. Bostock, B. Neumcke, D. Siemen and Mr. G. Reid for reading the manuscript and
  Mrs. Elke Schmidt for technical assistance. Financial support was received from
  the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (Vol88/13-2).
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Duk
  full_name: Koh, Duk
  last_name: Koh
- first_name: Peter M
  full_name: Jonas, Peter M
  id: 353C1B58-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Jonas
  orcid: 0000-0001-5001-4804
- first_name: Michael
  full_name: Bräu, Michael
  last_name: Bräu
- first_name: Werner
  full_name: Vogel, Werner
  last_name: Vogel
citation:
  ama: Koh D, Jonas PM, Bräu M, Vogel W. A TEA-insensitive flickering potassium channel
    active around the resting potential in myelinated nerve. <i>Journal of Membrane
    Biology</i>. 1992;130:149-162. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00231893">10.1007/BF00231893</a>
  apa: Koh, D., Jonas, P. M., Bräu, M., &#38; Vogel, W. (1992). A TEA-insensitive
    flickering potassium channel active around the resting potential in myelinated
    nerve. <i>Journal of Membrane Biology</i>. Springer. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00231893">https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00231893</a>
  chicago: Koh, Duk, Peter M Jonas, Michael Bräu, and Werner Vogel. “A TEA-Insensitive
    Flickering Potassium Channel Active around the Resting Potential in Myelinated
    Nerve.” <i>Journal of Membrane Biology</i>. Springer, 1992. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00231893">https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00231893</a>.
  ieee: D. Koh, P. M. Jonas, M. Bräu, and W. Vogel, “A TEA-insensitive flickering
    potassium channel active around the resting potential in myelinated nerve,” <i>Journal
    of Membrane Biology</i>, vol. 130. Springer, pp. 149–162, 1992.
  ista: Koh D, Jonas PM, Bräu M, Vogel W. 1992. A TEA-insensitive flickering potassium
    channel active around the resting potential in myelinated nerve. Journal of Membrane
    Biology. 130, 149–162.
  mla: Koh, Duk, et al. “A TEA-Insensitive Flickering Potassium Channel Active around
    the Resting Potential in Myelinated Nerve.” <i>Journal of Membrane Biology</i>,
    vol. 130, Springer, 1992, pp. 149–62, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00231893">10.1007/BF00231893</a>.
  short: D. Koh, P.M. Jonas, M. Bräu, W. Vogel, Journal of Membrane Biology 130 (1992)
    149–162.
date_created: 2018-12-11T12:03:30Z
date_published: 1992-01-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2022-03-16T11:15:02Z
day: '01'
doi: 10.1007/BF00231893
extern: '1'
external_id:
  pmid:
  - '1291683 '
intvolume: '       130'
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- url: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF00231893
month: '01'
oa_version: None
page: 149 - 162
pmid: 1
publication: Journal of Membrane Biology
publication_identifier:
  issn:
  - 0022-2631
publication_status: published
publisher: Springer
publist_id: '2915'
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: A TEA-insensitive flickering potassium channel active around the resting potential
  in myelinated nerve
type: journal_article
user_id: ea97e931-d5af-11eb-85d4-e6957dddbf17
volume: 130
year: '1992'
...
---
_id: '3581'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: 'A number of rendering algorithms in computer graphics sort three-dimensional
    objects by depth and assume that there is no cycle that makes the sorting impossible.
    One way to resolve the problem caused by cycles is to cut the objects into smaller
    pieces. In this paper we address the problem of estimating how many such cuts
    arc always sufficient. We also consider a few related algorithmic and combinatorial
    geometry problems. For example, we demonstrate that n lines in space can be sorted
    in randomized expected time O(n4’st’), provided that they define no cycle. We
    also prove an 0(n7’4) upper bound on the number of points in space so that there
    are n lines with the property that for each point there are at least three noncoplanar
    lines that contain it. '
acknowledgement: "* Bernard Chazelle wishes to acknowledge the National Science Foundation
  for supporting this research in part under Grant CCR-9002352. Herbert Edelsbrunner
  acknowledges the support of the National Science Foundation under grants CCR-8714565
  and CCR-8921421. Richard Pollack was supported in part by NSF grant CCR-8901484,
  NSA grant MDA904-89-H-2030, and DIMACS, a Science and Technology Center under NSF
  grant STC88-09648. Raimund Seidel acknowledges support by NSF grant CCR-8809040.
  Mich Sharir was partially supported by the Office of Naval\r\nResearch under Grant
  N00014-87-K-0129, by the National Science Foundation under Grant CCR-89-01484, and
  by grants from the U.S.-Israeli Binational Science Foundation and the Fund for Basic
  Research administered by the Israeli Academy of Sciences."
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Bernard
  full_name: Chazelle, Bernard
  last_name: Chazelle
- first_name: Herbert
  full_name: Edelsbrunner, Herbert
  id: 3FB178DA-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Edelsbrunner
  orcid: 0000-0002-9823-6833
- first_name: Leonidas
  full_name: Guibas, Leonidas
  last_name: Guibas
- first_name: Richard
  full_name: Pollack, Richard
  last_name: Pollack
- first_name: Raimund
  full_name: Seidel, Raimund
  last_name: Seidel
- first_name: Micha
  full_name: Sharir, Micha
  last_name: Sharir
- first_name: Jack
  full_name: Snoeyink, Jack
  last_name: Snoeyink
citation:
  ama: 'Chazelle B, Edelsbrunner H, Guibas L, et al. Counting and cutting cycles of
    lines and rods in space. <i>Computational Geometry: Theory and Applications</i>.
    1992;1(6):305-323. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/0925-7721(92)90009-H">10.1016/0925-7721(92)90009-H</a>'
  apa: 'Chazelle, B., Edelsbrunner, H., Guibas, L., Pollack, R., Seidel, R., Sharir,
    M., &#38; Snoeyink, J. (1992). Counting and cutting cycles of lines and rods in
    space. <i>Computational Geometry: Theory and Applications</i>. Elsevier. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/0925-7721(92)90009-H">https://doi.org/10.1016/0925-7721(92)90009-H</a>'
  chicago: 'Chazelle, Bernard, Herbert Edelsbrunner, Leonidas Guibas, Richard Pollack,
    Raimund Seidel, Micha Sharir, and Jack Snoeyink. “Counting and Cutting Cycles
    of Lines and Rods in Space.” <i>Computational Geometry: Theory and Applications</i>.
    Elsevier, 1992. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/0925-7721(92)90009-H">https://doi.org/10.1016/0925-7721(92)90009-H</a>.'
  ieee: 'B. Chazelle <i>et al.</i>, “Counting and cutting cycles of lines and rods
    in space,” <i>Computational Geometry: Theory and Applications</i>, vol. 1, no.
    6. Elsevier, pp. 305–323, 1992.'
  ista: 'Chazelle B, Edelsbrunner H, Guibas L, Pollack R, Seidel R, Sharir M, Snoeyink
    J. 1992. Counting and cutting cycles of lines and rods in space. Computational
    Geometry: Theory and Applications. 1(6), 305–323.'
  mla: 'Chazelle, Bernard, et al. “Counting and Cutting Cycles of Lines and Rods in
    Space.” <i>Computational Geometry: Theory and Applications</i>, vol. 1, no. 6,
    Elsevier, 1992, pp. 305–23, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/0925-7721(92)90009-H">10.1016/0925-7721(92)90009-H</a>.'
  short: 'B. Chazelle, H. Edelsbrunner, L. Guibas, R. Pollack, R. Seidel, M. Sharir,
    J. Snoeyink, Computational Geometry: Theory and Applications 1 (1992) 305–323.'
date_created: 2018-12-11T12:04:04Z
date_published: 1992-06-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2022-03-16T10:41:58Z
day: '01'
doi: 10.1016/0925-7721(92)90009-H
extern: '1'
intvolume: '         1'
issue: '6'
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
  url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/092577219290009H?via%3Dihub
month: '06'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
page: 305 - 323
publication: 'Computational Geometry: Theory and Applications'
publication_identifier:
  issn:
  - 0925-7721
publication_status: published
publisher: Elsevier
publist_id: '2804'
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: Counting and cutting cycles of lines and rods in space
type: journal_article
user_id: ea97e931-d5af-11eb-85d4-e6957dddbf17
volume: 1
year: '1992'
...
---
_id: '3645'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: Three components of mating call (pulse duration, cycle length, and fundamental
    frequency) were measured and six diagnostic enzyme loci scored across the hybrid
    zone between the toads Bombina bombina and B. variegata. All three call components
    differ significantly, but only cycle length is diagnostic. The clines in call
    coincide with those for enzymes, and have similar widths. This suggests that there
    is no strong selection on any of these characters. There are significant correlations
    between electrophoretic markers and call components, but these are no stronger
    than would be expected if the electrophoretic loci and the genes causing mating
    call were neutral. The selection differential on the call is no greater than 6%
    of the difference in mean cycle length between the two taxa. There is a substantial
    increase in the variance of cycle length in the center of the zone, suggesting
    that a small number of loci are involved (≈ three). Recombination between these
    loci will hinder the evolution of reinforcement and may partly be responsible
    for the lack of premating isolation between B. bombina and B. variegata.
acknowledgement: 'Thanks are due to Drs. A. Leibowitz and P. Mason for help in the
  field. N.S. would like to thank Drs. K. Ibrahim and R. Nich-ols for discussions,
  and the Szymura family for their hospitality on his visits to Poland. Dr. R. Butlin
  provided the program to fit tanh curves to dines. The referees, Prof. A. J. Cain,
  Ms. L. Humpage and Dr. J. S. Jones made helpful remarks on earlier drafts of the
  manuscript. Ms. L. Ringrose translated articles from German. N.S. was supported
  by a NERC studentship, a NERC fellowship and the DHSS, J.S. was supported by the
  Polish Academy of Sciences (project MRII/ 6), and N.B. by grants from NERC (GR3/
  8002) and SERC (GR/E/08507). '
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Neil
  full_name: Sanderson, Neil
  last_name: Sanderson
- first_name: Jacek
  full_name: Szymura, Jacek
  last_name: Szymura
- first_name: Nicholas H
  full_name: Barton, Nicholas H
  id: 4880FE40-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Barton
  orcid: 0000-0002-8548-5240
citation:
  ama: Sanderson N, Szymura J, Barton NH. Variation in mating call across the hybrid
    zone between the fire-bellied toads Bombina bombina and B. variegata. <i>Evolution</i>.
    1992;46(3):595-607. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1558-5646.1992.tb02068.x">10.1111/j.1558-5646.1992.tb02068.x</a>
  apa: Sanderson, N., Szymura, J., &#38; Barton, N. H. (1992). Variation in mating
    call across the hybrid zone between the fire-bellied toads Bombina bombina and
    B. variegata. <i>Evolution</i>. Wiley-Blackwell. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1558-5646.1992.tb02068.x">https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1558-5646.1992.tb02068.x</a>
  chicago: Sanderson, Neil, Jacek Szymura, and Nicholas H Barton. “Variation in Mating
    Call across the Hybrid Zone between the Fire-Bellied Toads Bombina Bombina and
    B. Variegata.” <i>Evolution</i>. Wiley-Blackwell, 1992. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1558-5646.1992.tb02068.x">https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1558-5646.1992.tb02068.x</a>.
  ieee: N. Sanderson, J. Szymura, and N. H. Barton, “Variation in mating call across
    the hybrid zone between the fire-bellied toads Bombina bombina and B. variegata,”
    <i>Evolution</i>, vol. 46, no. 3. Wiley-Blackwell, pp. 595–607, 1992.
  ista: Sanderson N, Szymura J, Barton NH. 1992. Variation in mating call across the
    hybrid zone between the fire-bellied toads Bombina bombina and B. variegata. Evolution.
    46(3), 595–607.
  mla: Sanderson, Neil, et al. “Variation in Mating Call across the Hybrid Zone between
    the Fire-Bellied Toads Bombina Bombina and B. Variegata.” <i>Evolution</i>, vol.
    46, no. 3, Wiley-Blackwell, 1992, pp. 595–607, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1558-5646.1992.tb02068.x">10.1111/j.1558-5646.1992.tb02068.x</a>.
  short: N. Sanderson, J. Szymura, N.H. Barton, Evolution 46 (1992) 595–607.
date_created: 2018-12-11T12:04:24Z
date_published: 1992-01-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2022-03-16T09:52:55Z
day: '01'
doi: 10.1111/j.1558-5646.1992.tb02068.x
extern: '1'
external_id:
  pmid:
  - '28568664'
intvolume: '        46'
issue: '3'
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- url: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1558-5646.1992.tb02068.x
month: '01'
oa_version: None
page: 595 - 607
pmid: 1
publication: Evolution
publication_identifier:
  issn:
  - 0014-3820
publication_status: published
publisher: Wiley-Blackwell
publist_id: '2738'
quality_controlled: '1'
status: public
title: Variation in mating call across the hybrid zone between the fire-bellied toads
  Bombina bombina and B. variegata
type: journal_article
user_id: ea97e931-d5af-11eb-85d4-e6957dddbf17
volume: 46
year: '1992'
...
---
_id: '4043'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: It is shown that a triangulation of a set of n points in the plane that minimizes
    the maximum angle can be computed in time O(n2 log n) and space O(n). The algorithm
    is fairly easy to implement and is based on the edge-insertion scheme that iteratively
    improves an arbitrary initial triangulation. It can be extended to the case where
    edges are prescribed, and, within the same time- and space-bounds, it can lexicographically
    minimize the sorted angle vector if the point set is in general position. Experimental
    results on the efficiency of the algorithm and the quality of the triangulations
    obtained are included.
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Herbert
  full_name: Edelsbrunner, Herbert
  id: 3FB178DA-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Edelsbrunner
  orcid: 0000-0002-9823-6833
- first_name: Tiow
  full_name: Tan, Tiow
  last_name: Tan
- first_name: Roman
  full_name: Waupotitsch, Roman
  last_name: Waupotitsch
citation:
  ama: Edelsbrunner H, Tan T, Waupotitsch R. An O(n^2 log n) time algorithm for the
    MinMax angle triangulation. <i>SIAM Journal on Scientific Computing</i>. 1992;13(4):994-1008.
    doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1137/0913058">10.1137/0913058</a>
  apa: Edelsbrunner, H., Tan, T., &#38; Waupotitsch, R. (1992). An O(n^2 log n) time
    algorithm for the MinMax angle triangulation. <i>SIAM Journal on Scientific Computing</i>.
    Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics . <a href="https://doi.org/10.1137/0913058">https://doi.org/10.1137/0913058</a>
  chicago: Edelsbrunner, Herbert, Tiow Tan, and Roman Waupotitsch. “An O(N^2 Log n)
    Time Algorithm for the MinMax Angle Triangulation.” <i>SIAM Journal on Scientific
    Computing</i>. Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics , 1992. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1137/0913058">https://doi.org/10.1137/0913058</a>.
  ieee: H. Edelsbrunner, T. Tan, and R. Waupotitsch, “An O(n^2 log n) time algorithm
    for the MinMax angle triangulation,” <i>SIAM Journal on Scientific Computing</i>,
    vol. 13, no. 4. Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics , pp. 994–1008,
    1992.
  ista: Edelsbrunner H, Tan T, Waupotitsch R. 1992. An O(n^2 log n) time algorithm
    for the MinMax angle triangulation. SIAM Journal on Scientific Computing. 13(4),
    994–1008.
  mla: Edelsbrunner, Herbert, et al. “An O(N^2 Log n) Time Algorithm for the MinMax
    Angle Triangulation.” <i>SIAM Journal on Scientific Computing</i>, vol. 13, no.
    4, Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics , 1992, pp. 994–1008, doi:<a
    href="https://doi.org/10.1137/0913058">10.1137/0913058</a>.
  short: H. Edelsbrunner, T. Tan, R. Waupotitsch, SIAM Journal on Scientific Computing
    13 (1992) 994–1008.
date_created: 2018-12-11T12:06:36Z
date_published: 1992-07-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2022-03-16T09:35:05Z
day: '01'
doi: 10.1137/0913058
extern: '1'
intvolume: '        13'
issue: '4'
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- url: https://epubs.siam.org/doi/10.1137/0913058
month: '07'
oa_version: None
page: 994 - 1008
publication: SIAM Journal on Scientific Computing
publication_identifier:
  eissn:
  - 1095-7111
  issn:
  - 0097-5397
publication_status: published
publisher: 'Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics '
publist_id: '2081'
quality_controlled: '1'
status: public
title: An O(n^2 log n) time algorithm for the MinMax angle triangulation
type: journal_article
user_id: ea97e931-d5af-11eb-85d4-e6957dddbf17
volume: 13
year: '1992'
...
---
_id: '4046'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: The main contribution of this work is an O(n log n + k)-time algorithm for
    computing all k intersections among n line segments in the plane. This time complexity
    is easily shown to be optimal. Within the same asymptotic cost, our algorithm
    can also construct the subdivision of the plane defined by the segments and compute
    which segment (if any) lies right above (or below) each intersection and each
    endpoint. The algorithm has been implemented and performs very well. The storage
    requirement is on the order of n + k in the worst case, but it is considerably
    lower in practice. To analyze the complexity of the algorithm, an amortization
    argument based on a new combinatorial theorem on line arrangements is used.
acknowledgement: "B, Chazelle wishes to acknowledge the National Science Foundation
  for supporting this research in part under Grant CCR 87-00917. H, Edelsbrunner is
  pleased to acknowledge the support of Amoco Fnd. Fac. Dev. Comput. Sci. 1-6-44862
  and the NSF under Grant CCR 87-14565. Permission to copy without fee all or part
  of this material is granted provided that the copies are not made or distributed
  for direct commercial advantage, the ACM copyright notice and the title of the publication
  and its date appear, and notice is given that copying is by permission of the Association
  for\r\nComputing Machinery. To copy otherwise, or to republish, requires a fee and/or
  specific permission."
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Bernard
  full_name: Chazelle, Bernard
  last_name: Chazelle
- first_name: Herbert
  full_name: Edelsbrunner, Herbert
  id: 3FB178DA-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Edelsbrunner
  orcid: 0000-0002-9823-6833
citation:
  ama: Chazelle B, Edelsbrunner H. An optimal algorithm for intersecting line segments
    in the plane. <i>Journal of the ACM</i>. 1992;39(1):1-54. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1145/147508.147511">10.1145/147508.147511</a>
  apa: Chazelle, B., &#38; Edelsbrunner, H. (1992). An optimal algorithm for intersecting
    line segments in the plane. <i>Journal of the ACM</i>. ACM. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1145/147508.147511">https://doi.org/10.1145/147508.147511</a>
  chicago: Chazelle, Bernard, and Herbert Edelsbrunner. “An Optimal Algorithm for
    Intersecting Line Segments in the Plane.” <i>Journal of the ACM</i>. ACM, 1992.
    <a href="https://doi.org/10.1145/147508.147511">https://doi.org/10.1145/147508.147511</a>.
  ieee: B. Chazelle and H. Edelsbrunner, “An optimal algorithm for intersecting line
    segments in the plane,” <i>Journal of the ACM</i>, vol. 39, no. 1. ACM, pp. 1–54,
    1992.
  ista: Chazelle B, Edelsbrunner H. 1992. An optimal algorithm for intersecting line
    segments in the plane. Journal of the ACM. 39(1), 1–54.
  mla: Chazelle, Bernard, and Herbert Edelsbrunner. “An Optimal Algorithm for Intersecting
    Line Segments in the Plane.” <i>Journal of the ACM</i>, vol. 39, no. 1, ACM, 1992,
    pp. 1–54, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1145/147508.147511">10.1145/147508.147511</a>.
  short: B. Chazelle, H. Edelsbrunner, Journal of the ACM 39 (1992) 1–54.
date_created: 2018-12-11T12:06:37Z
date_published: 1992-01-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2022-03-16T08:32:17Z
day: '01'
doi: 10.1145/147508.147511
extern: '1'
intvolume: '        39'
issue: '1'
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- url: https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/147508.147511
month: '01'
oa_version: None
page: 1 - 54
publication: Journal of the ACM
publication_identifier:
  eissn:
  - 1557-735X
  issn:
  - 0004-5411
publication_status: published
publisher: ACM
publist_id: '2078'
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: An optimal algorithm for intersecting line segments in the plane
type: journal_article
user_id: ea97e931-d5af-11eb-85d4-e6957dddbf17
volume: 39
year: '1992'
...
---
_id: '4047'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: Arrangements of curves in the plane are fundamental to many problems in computational
    and combinatorial geometry (e.g. motion planning, algebraic cell decomposition,
    etc.). In this paper we study various topological and combinatorial properties
    of such arrangements under some mild assumptions on the shape of the curves, and
    develop basic tools for the construction, manipulation, and analysis of these
    arrangements. Our main results include a generalization of the zone theorem of
    Edelsbrunner (1986) and Chazelle (1985) to arrangements of curves (in which we
    show that the combinatorial complexity of the zone of a curve is nearly linear
    in the number of curves) and an application of that theorem to obtain a nearly
    quadratic incremental algorithm for the construction of such arrangements.
acknowledgement: 'Work on this paper by the first author has been supported by the
  National Science Foundation under grant CCR-8714565. Work by the third and sixth
  authors has been supported by Office of Naval Research Grant NOOOl4-82-K-0381, by
  National Science Foundation Grant No. NSF-DCR-83-20085, by grants from the Digital
  Equipment Corporation, and the IBM Corporation. Work by the sixth author has also
  been supported by a research grant from the NCRD- the Israeli National Council for
  Research and Development. Work by the fourth author has been supported by National
  Science Foundation Grant DMS-8501947. '
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Herbert
  full_name: Edelsbrunner, Herbert
  id: 3FB178DA-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Edelsbrunner
  orcid: 0000-0002-9823-6833
- first_name: Leonidas
  full_name: Guibas, Leonidas
  last_name: Guibas
- first_name: János
  full_name: Pach, János
  last_name: Pach
- first_name: Richard
  full_name: Pollack, Richard
  last_name: Pollack
- first_name: Raimund
  full_name: Seidel, Raimund
  last_name: Seidel
- first_name: Micha
  full_name: Sharir, Micha
  last_name: Sharir
citation:
  ama: Edelsbrunner H, Guibas L, Pach J, Pollack R, Seidel R, Sharir M. Arrangements
    of curves in the plane - topology, combinatorics, and algorithms. <i>Theoretical
    Computer Science</i>. 1992;92(2):319-336. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-3975(92)90319-B">10.1016/0304-3975(92)90319-B</a>
  apa: Edelsbrunner, H., Guibas, L., Pach, J., Pollack, R., Seidel, R., &#38; Sharir,
    M. (1992). Arrangements of curves in the plane - topology, combinatorics, and
    algorithms. <i>Theoretical Computer Science</i>. Elsevier. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-3975(92)90319-B">https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-3975(92)90319-B</a>
  chicago: Edelsbrunner, Herbert, Leonidas Guibas, János Pach, Richard Pollack, Raimund
    Seidel, and Micha Sharir. “Arrangements of Curves in the Plane - Topology, Combinatorics,
    and Algorithms.” <i>Theoretical Computer Science</i>. Elsevier, 1992. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-3975(92)90319-B">https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-3975(92)90319-B</a>.
  ieee: H. Edelsbrunner, L. Guibas, J. Pach, R. Pollack, R. Seidel, and M. Sharir,
    “Arrangements of curves in the plane - topology, combinatorics, and algorithms,”
    <i>Theoretical Computer Science</i>, vol. 92, no. 2. Elsevier, pp. 319–336, 1992.
  ista: Edelsbrunner H, Guibas L, Pach J, Pollack R, Seidel R, Sharir M. 1992. Arrangements
    of curves in the plane - topology, combinatorics, and algorithms. Theoretical
    Computer Science. 92(2), 319–336.
  mla: Edelsbrunner, Herbert, et al. “Arrangements of Curves in the Plane - Topology,
    Combinatorics, and Algorithms.” <i>Theoretical Computer Science</i>, vol. 92,
    no. 2, Elsevier, 1992, pp. 319–36, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-3975(92)90319-B">10.1016/0304-3975(92)90319-B</a>.
  short: H. Edelsbrunner, L. Guibas, J. Pach, R. Pollack, R. Seidel, M. Sharir, Theoretical
    Computer Science 92 (1992) 319–336.
date_created: 2018-12-11T12:06:37Z
date_published: 1992-01-20T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2022-03-16T09:04:37Z
day: '20'
doi: 10.1016/0304-3975(92)90319-B
extern: '1'
intvolume: '        92'
issue: '2'
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
  url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/030439759290319B?via%3Dihub
month: '01'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
page: 319 - 336
publication: Theoretical Computer Science
publication_identifier:
  issn:
  - 0304-3975
publication_status: published
publisher: Elsevier
publist_id: '2079'
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: Arrangements of curves in the plane - topology, combinatorics, and algorithms
type: journal_article
user_id: ea97e931-d5af-11eb-85d4-e6957dddbf17
volume: 92
year: '1992'
...
---
_id: '4048'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: 'Given a sequence of n points that form the vertices of a simple polygon,
    we show that determining a closest pair requires OMEGA(n log n) time in the algebraic
    decision tree model. Together with the well-known O(n log n) upper bound for finding
    a closest pair, this settles an open problem of Lee and Preparata. We also extend
    this O(n log n) upper bound to the following problem: Given a collection of sets
    with a total of n points in the plane, find for each point a closest neighbor
    that does not belong to the same set.'
acknowledgement: Research supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant
  CCR-8714565.
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Alok
  full_name: Aggarwal, Alok
  last_name: Aggarwal
- first_name: Herbert
  full_name: Edelsbrunner, Herbert
  id: 3FB178DA-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Edelsbrunner
  orcid: 0000-0002-9823-6833
- first_name: Prabhakar
  full_name: Raghavan, Prabhakar
  last_name: Raghavan
- first_name: Prasoon
  full_name: Tiwari, Prasoon
  last_name: Tiwari
citation:
  ama: Aggarwal A, Edelsbrunner H, Raghavan P, Tiwari P. Optimal time bounds for some
    proximity problems in the plane. <i>Information Processing Letters</i>. 1992;42(1):55-60.
    doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/0020-0190(92)90133-G">10.1016/0020-0190(92)90133-G</a>
  apa: Aggarwal, A., Edelsbrunner, H., Raghavan, P., &#38; Tiwari, P. (1992). Optimal
    time bounds for some proximity problems in the plane. <i>Information Processing
    Letters</i>. Elsevier. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/0020-0190(92)90133-G">https://doi.org/10.1016/0020-0190(92)90133-G</a>
  chicago: Aggarwal, Alok, Herbert Edelsbrunner, Prabhakar Raghavan, and Prasoon Tiwari.
    “Optimal Time Bounds for Some Proximity Problems in the Plane.” <i>Information
    Processing Letters</i>. Elsevier, 1992. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/0020-0190(92)90133-G">https://doi.org/10.1016/0020-0190(92)90133-G</a>.
  ieee: A. Aggarwal, H. Edelsbrunner, P. Raghavan, and P. Tiwari, “Optimal time bounds
    for some proximity problems in the plane,” <i>Information Processing Letters</i>,
    vol. 42, no. 1. Elsevier, pp. 55–60, 1992.
  ista: Aggarwal A, Edelsbrunner H, Raghavan P, Tiwari P. 1992. Optimal time bounds
    for some proximity problems in the plane. Information Processing Letters. 42(1),
    55–60.
  mla: Aggarwal, Alok, et al. “Optimal Time Bounds for Some Proximity Problems in
    the Plane.” <i>Information Processing Letters</i>, vol. 42, no. 1, Elsevier, 1992,
    pp. 55–60, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/0020-0190(92)90133-G">10.1016/0020-0190(92)90133-G</a>.
  short: A. Aggarwal, H. Edelsbrunner, P. Raghavan, P. Tiwari, Information Processing
    Letters 42 (1992) 55–60.
date_created: 2018-12-11T12:06:38Z
date_published: 1992-04-27T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2022-03-16T09:20:13Z
day: '27'
doi: 10.1016/0020-0190(92)90133-G
extern: '1'
intvolume: '        42'
issue: '1'
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/002001909290133G
month: '04'
oa_version: None
page: 55 - 60
publication: Information Processing Letters
publication_identifier:
  eissn:
  - 1872-6119
  issn:
  - 0020-0190
publication_status: published
publisher: Elsevier
publist_id: '2080'
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: Optimal time bounds for some proximity problems in the plane
type: journal_article
user_id: ea97e931-d5af-11eb-85d4-e6957dddbf17
volume: 42
year: '1992'
...
---
_id: '4049'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: The edge-insertion paradigm improves a triangulation of a finite point set
    in R2 iteratively by adding a new edge, deleting intersecting old edges, and retriangulating
    the resulting two polygonal regions. After presenting an abstract view of the
    paradigm, this paper shows that it can be used to obtain polynomial time algorithms
    for several types of optimal triangulations.
acknowledgement: Research of the second author is supported by the National Science
  Foundation under grant no. CCR-8921421 and under the Alan T. Waterman award, grant
  no. CCR-9118874. Any opinions, finding and conclusions or recommendations expressed
  in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the
  view of the National Science Foundation. Part of the work was done while the second,
  third, and fourth authors visited the Xerox Palo Alto Research Center. The fifth
  author is on study leave from the National University of Singapore, Republic of
  Singapore.
alternative_title:
- LNCS
article_processing_charge: No
author:
- first_name: Marshall
  full_name: Bern, Marshall
  last_name: Bern
- first_name: Herbert
  full_name: Edelsbrunner, Herbert
  id: 3FB178DA-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Edelsbrunner
  orcid: 0000-0002-9823-6833
- first_name: David
  full_name: Eppstein, David
  last_name: Eppstein
- first_name: Stephen
  full_name: Mitchell, Stephen
  last_name: Mitchell
- first_name: Tiow
  full_name: Tan, Tiow
  last_name: Tan
citation:
  ama: 'Bern M, Edelsbrunner H, Eppstein D, Mitchell S, Tan T. Edge insertion for
    optimal triangulations. In: Simon I, ed. <i>1st Latin American Symposium on Theoretical
    Informatics</i>. Vol 583. Springer; 1992:46-60. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/BFb0023816">10.1007/BFb0023816</a>'
  apa: 'Bern, M., Edelsbrunner, H., Eppstein, D., Mitchell, S., &#38; Tan, T. (1992).
    Edge insertion for optimal triangulations. In I. Simon (Ed.), <i>1st Latin American
    Symposium on Theoretical Informatics</i> (Vol. 583, pp. 46–60). São Paulo, Brazil:
    Springer. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/BFb0023816">https://doi.org/10.1007/BFb0023816</a>'
  chicago: Bern, Marshall, Herbert Edelsbrunner, David Eppstein, Stephen Mitchell,
    and Tiow Tan. “Edge Insertion for Optimal Triangulations.” In <i>1st Latin American
    Symposium on Theoretical Informatics</i>, edited by Imre Simon, 583:46–60. Springer,
    1992. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/BFb0023816">https://doi.org/10.1007/BFb0023816</a>.
  ieee: M. Bern, H. Edelsbrunner, D. Eppstein, S. Mitchell, and T. Tan, “Edge insertion
    for optimal triangulations,” in <i>1st Latin American Symposium on Theoretical
    Informatics</i>, São Paulo, Brazil, 1992, vol. 583, pp. 46–60.
  ista: 'Bern M, Edelsbrunner H, Eppstein D, Mitchell S, Tan T. 1992. Edge insertion
    for optimal triangulations. 1st Latin American Symposium on Theoretical Informatics.
    LATIN: Latin American Symposium on Theoretical Informatics , LNCS, vol. 583, 46–60.'
  mla: Bern, Marshall, et al. “Edge Insertion for Optimal Triangulations.” <i>1st
    Latin American Symposium on Theoretical Informatics</i>, edited by Imre Simon,
    vol. 583, Springer, 1992, pp. 46–60, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/BFb0023816">10.1007/BFb0023816</a>.
  short: M. Bern, H. Edelsbrunner, D. Eppstein, S. Mitchell, T. Tan, in:, I. Simon
    (Ed.), 1st Latin American Symposium on Theoretical Informatics, Springer, 1992,
    pp. 46–60.
conference:
  end_date: 1992-04-10
  location: São Paulo, Brazil
  name: 'LATIN: Latin American Symposium on Theoretical Informatics '
  start_date: 1992-04-06
date_created: 2018-12-11T12:06:38Z
date_published: 1992-04-07T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2022-03-16T08:04:53Z
day: '07'
doi: 10.1007/BFb0023816
editor:
- first_name: Imre
  full_name: Simon, Imre
  last_name: Simon
extern: '1'
intvolume: '       583'
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- url: https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/BFb0023816
month: '04'
oa_version: None
page: 46 - 60
publication: 1st Latin American Symposium on Theoretical Informatics
publication_identifier:
  isbn:
  - 978-3-540-55284-0
publication_status: published
publisher: Springer
publist_id: '2076'
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: Edge insertion for optimal triangulations
type: conference
user_id: ea97e931-d5af-11eb-85d4-e6957dddbf17
volume: 583
year: '1992'
...
---
_id: '4050'
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: letter_note
author:
- first_name: Herbert
  full_name: Edelsbrunner, Herbert
  id: 3FB178DA-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Edelsbrunner
  orcid: 0000-0002-9823-6833
citation:
  ama: Edelsbrunner H. Guest editor’s foreword. <i>Discrete &#38; Computational Geometry</i>.
    1992;8(1):217-217. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02293046">10.1007/BF02293046</a>
  apa: Edelsbrunner, H. (1992). Guest editor’s foreword. <i>Discrete &#38; Computational
    Geometry</i>. Springer. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02293046">https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02293046</a>
  chicago: Edelsbrunner, Herbert. “Guest Editor’s Foreword.” <i>Discrete &#38; Computational
    Geometry</i>. Springer, 1992. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02293046">https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02293046</a>.
  ieee: H. Edelsbrunner, “Guest editor’s foreword,” <i>Discrete &#38; Computational
    Geometry</i>, vol. 8, no. 1. Springer, pp. 217–217, 1992.
  ista: Edelsbrunner H. 1992. Guest editor’s foreword. Discrete &#38; Computational
    Geometry. 8(1), 217–217.
  mla: Edelsbrunner, Herbert. “Guest Editor’s Foreword.” <i>Discrete &#38; Computational
    Geometry</i>, vol. 8, no. 1, Springer, 1992, pp. 217–217, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02293046">10.1007/BF02293046</a>.
  short: H. Edelsbrunner, Discrete &#38; Computational Geometry 8 (1992) 217–217.
date_created: 2018-12-11T12:06:39Z
date_published: 1992-08-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2022-03-16T08:15:04Z
day: '01'
doi: 10.1007/BF02293046
extern: '1'
intvolume: '         8'
issue: '1'
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- url: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF02293046
month: '08'
oa_version: None
page: 217 - 217
publication: Discrete & Computational Geometry
publication_status: published
publisher: Springer
publist_id: '2077'
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: Guest editor's foreword
type: journal_article
user_id: ea97e931-d5af-11eb-85d4-e6957dddbf17
volume: 8
year: '1992'
...
---
_id: '4053'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: We show that the maximum number of edges bounding m faces in an arrangement
    of n line segments in the plane is O(m2/3n2/3+nα(n)+nlog m). This improves a previous
    upper bound of Edelsbrunner et al. [5] and almost matches the best known lower
    bound which is Ω(m2/3n2/3+nα(n)). In addition, we show that the number of edges
    bounding any m faces in an arrangement of n line segments with a total of t intersecting
    pairs is O(m2/3t1/3+nα(t/n)+nmin{log m,log t/n}), almost matching the lower bound
    of Ω(m2/3t1/3+nα(t/n)) demonstrated in this paper.
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Boris
  full_name: Aronov, Boris
  last_name: Aronov
- first_name: Herbert
  full_name: Edelsbrunner, Herbert
  id: 3FB178DA-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Edelsbrunner
  orcid: 0000-0002-9823-6833
- first_name: Leonidas
  full_name: Guibas, Leonidas
  last_name: Guibas
- first_name: Micha
  full_name: Sharir, Micha
  last_name: Sharir
citation:
  ama: Aronov B, Edelsbrunner H, Guibas L, Sharir M. The number of edges of many faces
    in a line segment arrangement. <i>Combinatorica</i>. 1992;12(3):261-274. doi:<a
    href="https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01285815">10.1007/BF01285815</a>
  apa: Aronov, B., Edelsbrunner, H., Guibas, L., &#38; Sharir, M. (1992). The number
    of edges of many faces in a line segment arrangement. <i>Combinatorica</i>. Springer.
    <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01285815">https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01285815</a>
  chicago: Aronov, Boris, Herbert Edelsbrunner, Leonidas Guibas, and Micha Sharir.
    “The Number of Edges of Many Faces in a Line Segment Arrangement.” <i>Combinatorica</i>.
    Springer, 1992. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01285815">https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01285815</a>.
  ieee: B. Aronov, H. Edelsbrunner, L. Guibas, and M. Sharir, “The number of edges
    of many faces in a line segment arrangement,” <i>Combinatorica</i>, vol. 12, no.
    3. Springer, pp. 261–274, 1992.
  ista: Aronov B, Edelsbrunner H, Guibas L, Sharir M. 1992. The number of edges of
    many faces in a line segment arrangement. Combinatorica. 12(3), 261–274.
  mla: Aronov, Boris, et al. “The Number of Edges of Many Faces in a Line Segment
    Arrangement.” <i>Combinatorica</i>, vol. 12, no. 3, Springer, 1992, pp. 261–74,
    doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01285815">10.1007/BF01285815</a>.
  short: B. Aronov, H. Edelsbrunner, L. Guibas, M. Sharir, Combinatorica 12 (1992)
    261–274.
date_created: 2018-12-11T12:06:40Z
date_published: 1992-09-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2022-03-15T15:44:26Z
day: '01'
doi: 10.1007/BF01285815
extern: '1'
intvolume: '        12'
issue: '3'
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- url: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF01285815
month: '09'
oa_version: None
page: 261 - 274
publication: Combinatorica
publication_identifier:
  issn:
  - 0209-9683
publication_status: published
publisher: Springer
publist_id: '2074'
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: The number of edges of many faces in a line segment arrangement
type: journal_article
user_id: ea97e931-d5af-11eb-85d4-e6957dddbf17
volume: 12
year: '1992'
...
---
_id: '4195'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: The effects of tri-iodothyronine (T3), which are known to affect cerebellar
    development, were tested on neuronal survival and differentiation of cultured
    cerebellar granule neurons. T3 in physiological concentrations increased both
    granule neuron survival after three days in culture and synaptic vesicle protein
    formation, as shown by immunostaining with antibodies against synaptophysin. Likewise,
    T3 increased the mRNA level for synapsin(I), but not that for GAP43 in granule
    neurons. Antibodies against microtubule associated protein Tau, which is expressed
    in developing neurites, showed that T3 also enhanced neurite formation.
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Carl-Philipp J
  full_name: Heisenberg, Carl-Philipp J
  id: 39427864-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Heisenberg
  orcid: 0000-0002-0912-4566
- first_name: Hans
  full_name: Thoenen, Hans
  last_name: Thoenen
- first_name: Dan
  full_name: Lindholm, Dan
  last_name: Lindholm
citation:
  ama: Heisenberg C-PJ, Thoenen H, Lindholm D. Triiodothyronine Regulates Survival
    and Differentiation of Rat Cerebellar Granule Neurons. <i>Neuroreport</i>. 1992;3(8):685-688.
    doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1097/00001756-199208000-00008 ">10.1097/00001756-199208000-00008
    </a>
  apa: Heisenberg, C.-P. J., Thoenen, H., &#38; Lindholm, D. (1992). Triiodothyronine
    Regulates Survival and Differentiation of Rat Cerebellar Granule Neurons. <i>Neuroreport</i>.
    Lippincott, Williams &#38; Wilkins. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1097/00001756-199208000-00008
    ">https://doi.org/10.1097/00001756-199208000-00008 </a>
  chicago: Heisenberg, Carl-Philipp J, Hans Thoenen, and Dan Lindholm. “Triiodothyronine
    Regulates Survival and Differentiation of Rat Cerebellar Granule Neurons.” <i>Neuroreport</i>.
    Lippincott, Williams &#38; Wilkins, 1992. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1097/00001756-199208000-00008
    ">https://doi.org/10.1097/00001756-199208000-00008 </a>.
  ieee: C.-P. J. Heisenberg, H. Thoenen, and D. Lindholm, “Triiodothyronine Regulates
    Survival and Differentiation of Rat Cerebellar Granule Neurons,” <i>Neuroreport</i>,
    vol. 3, no. 8. Lippincott, Williams &#38; Wilkins, pp. 685–688, 1992.
  ista: Heisenberg C-PJ, Thoenen H, Lindholm D. 1992. Triiodothyronine Regulates Survival
    and Differentiation of Rat Cerebellar Granule Neurons. Neuroreport. 3(8), 685–688.
  mla: Heisenberg, Carl-Philipp J., et al. “Triiodothyronine Regulates Survival and
    Differentiation of Rat Cerebellar Granule Neurons.” <i>Neuroreport</i>, vol. 3,
    no. 8, Lippincott, Williams &#38; Wilkins, 1992, pp. 685–88, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1097/00001756-199208000-00008
    ">10.1097/00001756-199208000-00008 </a>.
  short: C.-P.J. Heisenberg, H. Thoenen, D. Lindholm, Neuroreport 3 (1992) 685–688.
date_created: 2018-12-11T12:07:31Z
date_published: 1992-01-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2022-03-15T15:25:24Z
day: '01'
doi: '10.1097/00001756-199208000-00008 '
extern: '1'
external_id:
  pmid:
  - '1387811 '
intvolume: '         3'
issue: '8'
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- url: https://journals.lww.com/neuroreport/abstract/1992/08000/tri_iodothyronine_regulates_survival_and.8.aspx
month: '01'
oa_version: None
page: 685 - 688
pmid: 1
publication: Neuroreport
publication_identifier:
  eissn:
  - 1473-558X
  issn:
  - 0959-4965
publication_status: published
publisher: Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins
publist_id: '1922'
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: Triiodothyronine Regulates Survival and Differentiation of Rat Cerebellar Granule
  Neurons
type: journal_article
user_id: ea97e931-d5af-11eb-85d4-e6957dddbf17
volume: 3
year: '1992'
...
---
_id: '4305'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: The common shrew (Sorex araneus) is subdivided into several karyotypic races
    in Britain. Two of these races meet near Oxford to form the &quot;Oxford-Hermitage&quot;
    hybrid zone. We present a model which describes this system as a &quot;tension
    zone,&quot; i.e., a set of clines maintained by a balance between dispersal and
    selection against chromosomal heterozygotes. The Oxford and Hermitage races differ
    by Robertsonian fusions with monobrachial homology (kq, no versus ko), and so
    F1 hybrids between them would have low fertility. However, the acrocentric karyotype
    is found at high frequency within the hybrid zone, so that complex Robertsonian
    heterozygotes (kq no/q ko n) are replaced by more fertile combinations, such as
    (kq no/k q n o). This suggests that the hybrid zone has been modified so as to
    increase hybrid fitness. Mathematical analysis and simulation show that, if selection
    against complex heterozygotes is sufficiently strong relative to selection against
    simple heterozygotes, acrocentrics increase, and displace the clines for kq and
    no from the cline for ko. Superimposed on this separation is a tendency for the
    hybrid zone to move m favor of the Oxford (kq no) race. We compare the model with
    estimates of linkage disequilibrium and cline shape made from field data.
acknowledgement: 'This study was funded by grants from the Royal Society of London
  to J.B.S., and from the S.E.R.C., N.E.R.C. and the Darwin Trust to N.Barton. A.J.Reilly,
  Y.Luo, and S. J.Mercer provided unpublished data and D.Currie, A.E.Douglas, K.  S.Jackson,
  X.Lambin and D.Kapan made helpful comments on the manuscript. We appreciate our
  discussions with B. O.Bengtsson. '
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Todd
  full_name: Hatfield, Todd
  last_name: Hatfield
- first_name: Nicholas H
  full_name: Barton, Nicholas H
  id: 4880FE40-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Barton
  orcid: 0000-0002-8548-5240
- first_name: Jeremy
  full_name: Searle, Jeremy
  last_name: Searle
citation:
  ama: Hatfield T, Barton NH, Searle J. A model of a hybrid zone between two chromosomal
    races of the common shrew (Sorex araneus). <i>Evolution; International Journal
    of Organic Evolution</i>. 1992;46(4):1129-1145. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1558-5646.1992.tb00624.x">10.1111/j.1558-5646.1992.tb00624.x</a>
  apa: Hatfield, T., Barton, N. H., &#38; Searle, J. (1992). A model of a hybrid zone
    between two chromosomal races of the common shrew (Sorex araneus). <i>Evolution;
    International Journal of Organic Evolution</i>. Wiley-Blackwell. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1558-5646.1992.tb00624.x">https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1558-5646.1992.tb00624.x</a>
  chicago: Hatfield, Todd, Nicholas H Barton, and Jeremy Searle. “A Model of a Hybrid
    Zone between Two Chromosomal Races of the Common Shrew (Sorex Araneus).” <i>Evolution;
    International Journal of Organic Evolution</i>. Wiley-Blackwell, 1992. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1558-5646.1992.tb00624.x">https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1558-5646.1992.tb00624.x</a>.
  ieee: T. Hatfield, N. H. Barton, and J. Searle, “A model of a hybrid zone between
    two chromosomal races of the common shrew (Sorex araneus),” <i>Evolution; International
    Journal of Organic Evolution</i>, vol. 46, no. 4. Wiley-Blackwell, pp. 1129–1145,
    1992.
  ista: Hatfield T, Barton NH, Searle J. 1992. A model of a hybrid zone between two
    chromosomal races of the common shrew (Sorex araneus). Evolution; International
    Journal of Organic Evolution. 46(4), 1129–1145.
  mla: Hatfield, Todd, et al. “A Model of a Hybrid Zone between Two Chromosomal Races
    of the Common Shrew (Sorex Araneus).” <i>Evolution; International Journal of Organic
    Evolution</i>, vol. 46, no. 4, Wiley-Blackwell, 1992, pp. 1129–45, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1558-5646.1992.tb00624.x">10.1111/j.1558-5646.1992.tb00624.x</a>.
  short: T. Hatfield, N.H. Barton, J. Searle, Evolution; International Journal of
    Organic Evolution 46 (1992) 1129–1145.
date_created: 2018-12-11T12:08:09Z
date_published: 1992-08-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2022-03-15T14:49:26Z
day: '01'
doi: 10.1111/j.1558-5646.1992.tb00624.x
extern: '1'
external_id:
  pmid:
  - '28564402'
intvolume: '        46'
issue: '4'
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- url: http://www.jstor.org/stable/2409761
month: '08'
oa_version: Published Version
page: 1129 - 1145
pmid: 1
publication: Evolution; International Journal of Organic Evolution
publication_identifier:
  eissn:
  - 1558-5646
  issn:
  - 0014-3820
publication_status: published
publisher: Wiley-Blackwell
publist_id: '1759'
quality_controlled: '1'
status: public
title: A model of a hybrid zone between two chromosomal races of the common shrew
  (Sorex araneus)
type: journal_article
user_id: ea97e931-d5af-11eb-85d4-e6957dddbf17
volume: 46
year: '1992'
...
---
_id: '4306'
article_processing_charge: No
author:
- first_name: Nicholas H
  full_name: Barton, Nicholas H
  id: 4880FE40-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Barton
  orcid: 0000-0002-8548-5240
- first_name: Nick
  full_name: Goldman, Nick
  last_name: Goldman
citation:
  ama: Barton NH, Goldman N. Genetics and geography. <i>Nature</i>. 1992;357:440-441.
    doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/357440a0">10.1038/357440a0</a>
  apa: Barton, N. H., &#38; Goldman, N. (1992). Genetics and geography. <i>Nature</i>.
    Nature Publishing Group. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/357440a0">https://doi.org/10.1038/357440a0</a>
  chicago: Barton, Nicholas H, and Nick Goldman. “Genetics and Geography.” <i>Nature</i>.
    Nature Publishing Group, 1992. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/357440a0">https://doi.org/10.1038/357440a0</a>.
  ieee: N. H. Barton and N. Goldman, “Genetics and geography,” <i>Nature</i>, vol.
    357. Nature Publishing Group, pp. 440–441, 1992.
  ista: Barton NH, Goldman N. 1992. Genetics and geography. Nature. 357, 440–441.
  mla: Barton, Nicholas H., and Nick Goldman. “Genetics and Geography.” <i>Nature</i>,
    vol. 357, Nature Publishing Group, 1992, pp. 440–41, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/357440a0">10.1038/357440a0</a>.
  short: N.H. Barton, N. Goldman, Nature 357 (1992) 440–441.
date_created: 2018-12-11T12:08:10Z
date_published: 1992-06-11T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2022-03-15T14:27:10Z
day: '11'
doi: 10.1038/357440a0
extern: '1'
intvolume: '       357'
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- url: https://www.nature.com/articles/357440a0
month: '06'
oa_version: None
page: 440 - 441
publication: Nature
publication_status: published
publisher: Nature Publishing Group
publist_id: '1758'
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: Genetics and geography
type: review
user_id: ea97e931-d5af-11eb-85d4-e6957dddbf17
volume: 357
year: '1992'
...
---
_id: '4307'
article_processing_charge: No
author:
- first_name: Nicholas H
  full_name: Barton, Nicholas H
  id: 4880FE40-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Barton
  orcid: 0000-0002-8548-5240
citation:
  ama: 'Barton NH. The genetic consequences of dispersal. In: Stenseth N, Lidicker
    W, eds. <i>Animal Dispersal: Small Mammals as a Model</i>. Chapman Hall; 1992:37-60.
    doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-2338-9_3">10.1007/978-94-011-2338-9_3</a>'
  apa: 'Barton, N. H. (1992). The genetic consequences of dispersal. In N. Stenseth
    &#38; W. Lidicker (Eds.), <i>Animal dispersal: small mammals as a model</i> (pp.
    37–60). Chapman Hall. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-2338-9_3">https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-2338-9_3</a>'
  chicago: 'Barton, Nicholas H. “The Genetic Consequences of Dispersal.” In <i>Animal
    Dispersal: Small Mammals as a Model</i>, edited by Nils Stenseth and William Lidicker,
    37–60. Chapman Hall, 1992. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-2338-9_3">https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-2338-9_3</a>.'
  ieee: 'N. H. Barton, “The genetic consequences of dispersal,” in <i>Animal dispersal:
    small mammals as a model</i>, N. Stenseth and W. Lidicker, Eds. Chapman Hall,
    1992, pp. 37–60.'
  ista: 'Barton NH. 1992.The genetic consequences of dispersal. In: Animal dispersal:
    small mammals as a model. , 37–60.'
  mla: 'Barton, Nicholas H. “The Genetic Consequences of Dispersal.” <i>Animal Dispersal:
    Small Mammals as a Model</i>, edited by Nils Stenseth and William Lidicker, Chapman
    Hall, 1992, pp. 37–60, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-2338-9_3">10.1007/978-94-011-2338-9_3</a>.'
  short: 'N.H. Barton, in:, N. Stenseth, W. Lidicker (Eds.), Animal Dispersal: Small
    Mammals as a Model, Chapman Hall, 1992, pp. 37–60.'
date_created: 2018-12-11T12:08:10Z
date_published: 1992-01-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2022-03-14T14:19:36Z
day: '01'
doi: 10.1007/978-94-011-2338-9_3
editor:
- first_name: Nils
  full_name: Stenseth, Nils
  last_name: Stenseth
- first_name: William
  full_name: Lidicker, William
  last_name: Lidicker
extern: '1'
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- url: https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-94-011-2338-9_3
month: '01'
oa_version: None
page: 37 - 60
publication: 'Animal dispersal: small mammals as a model'
publication_status: published
publisher: Chapman Hall
publist_id: '1757'
quality_controlled: '1'
status: public
title: The genetic consequences of dispersal
type: book_chapter
user_id: ea97e931-d5af-11eb-85d4-e6957dddbf17
year: '1992'
...
---
_id: '4308'
acknowledgement: This work was supported by the Darwin Trust, NSF  grant BSR/866548,
  and SERC grant GR/E/08507. Valuable comments on the manuscript were received  from
  D. Currie, K. Dawson, K. S. Jackson, W. G. Hill,  M. Turelli, and an anonymous referee.
  I would particularly like to thank K. Dawson and the referee, for  pointing out
  the complexities involved in calculating  P(i, j; k), and J. F. Crow, for supplying
  detailed simulation results, and for his helpful comments on the draft of this paper.
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Nicholas H
  full_name: Barton, Nicholas H
  id: 4880FE40-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Barton
  orcid: 0000-0002-8548-5240
citation:
  ama: Barton NH. On the spread of new gene combinations in the third phase of Wright’s
    shifting balance. <i>Evolution; International Journal of Organic Evolution</i>.
    1992;46(2):551-557.
  apa: Barton, N. H. (1992). On the spread of new gene combinations in the third phase
    of Wright’s shifting balance. <i>Evolution; International Journal of Organic Evolution</i>.
    Wiley-Blackwell.
  chicago: Barton, Nicholas H. “On the Spread of New Gene Combinations in the Third
    Phase of Wright’s Shifting Balance.” <i>Evolution; International Journal of Organic
    Evolution</i>. Wiley-Blackwell, 1992.
  ieee: N. H. Barton, “On the spread of new gene combinations in the third phase of
    Wright’s shifting balance,” <i>Evolution; International Journal of Organic Evolution</i>,
    vol. 46, no. 2. Wiley-Blackwell, pp. 551–557, 1992.
  ista: Barton NH. 1992. On the spread of new gene combinations in the third phase
    of Wright’s shifting balance. Evolution; International Journal of Organic Evolution.
    46(2), 551–557.
  mla: Barton, Nicholas H. “On the Spread of New Gene Combinations in the Third Phase
    of Wright’s Shifting Balance.” <i>Evolution; International Journal of Organic
    Evolution</i>, vol. 46, no. 2, Wiley-Blackwell, 1992, pp. 551–57.
  short: N.H. Barton, Evolution; International Journal of Organic Evolution 46 (1992)
    551–557.
date_created: 2018-12-11T12:08:10Z
date_published: 1992-04-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2022-03-14T13:36:15Z
day: '01'
extern: '1'
intvolume: '        46'
issue: '2'
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- url: http://www.jstor.org/stable/2409871
month: '04'
oa_version: None
page: 551 - 557
publication: Evolution; International Journal of Organic Evolution
publication_identifier:
  eissn:
  - 1558-5646
  issn:
  - 0014-3820
publication_status: published
publisher: Wiley-Blackwell
publist_id: '1756'
quality_controlled: '1'
status: public
title: On the spread of new gene combinations in the third phase of Wright's shifting
  balance
type: journal_article
user_id: ea97e931-d5af-11eb-85d4-e6957dddbf17
volume: 46
year: '1992'
...
---
_id: '4504'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: "Real-time systems operate in “real,” continuous time and state changes may
    occur at any real-numbered time point. Yet many verification methods are based
    on the assumption that states are observed at integer time points only. What can
    we conclude if a real-time system has been shown “correct” for integral observations?\r\n\r\nInteger
    time verification techniques suffice if the problem of whether all real-numbered
    behaviors of a system satisfy a property can be reduced to the question of whether
    the integral observations satisfy a (possibly modified) property. We show that
    this reduction is possible for a large and important class of systems and properties:
    the class of systems includes all systems that can be modeled as timed transition
    systems; the class of properties includes time-bounded invariance and time-bounded
    response."
acknowledgement: "A full version of this paper (including all proofs) is available
  as a technical report from Cornell University and Stanford University. The research
  was supported in part by the National Science Foundation under grants CCR-89-11512
  and CCR-89-13641, by the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency under contract
  NAG2-703, by the United States Air Force Office of Scientific Research under contract
  AFOSR-90-0057, and by the European Community ESPRIT Basic Research Action Project
  3096 (SPEC).\r\n\r\nSponsors: National Science Foundation grant CCR-89-11512,  National
  Science Foundation grant CCR-89-13641, Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency
  contract NAG2-703, United States Air Force Office of Scientific Research contract
  AFOSR-90-0057, European Community ESPRIT Basic Research Action Project 3096 (SPEC).\r\n"
alternative_title:
- LNCS
article_processing_charge: No
author:
- first_name: Thomas A
  full_name: Henzinger, Thomas A
  id: 40876CD8-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Henzinger
  orcid: 0000−0002−2985−7724
- first_name: Zohar
  full_name: Manna, Zohar
  last_name: Manna
- first_name: Amir
  full_name: Pnueli, Amir
  last_name: Pnueli
citation:
  ama: 'Henzinger TA, Manna Z, Pnueli A. What good are digital clocks? In: <i>19th
    International Colloquium on Automata, Languages and Programming</i>. Vol 623.
    Springer; 1992:545-558. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-55719-9_103">10.1007/3-540-55719-9_103</a>'
  apa: 'Henzinger, T. A., Manna, Z., &#38; Pnueli, A. (1992). What good are digital
    clocks? In <i>19th International Colloquium on Automata, Languages and Programming</i>
    (Vol. 623, pp. 545–558). Vienna, Austria: Springer. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-55719-9_103">https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-55719-9_103</a>'
  chicago: Henzinger, Thomas A, Zohar Manna, and Amir Pnueli. “What Good Are Digital
    Clocks?” In <i>19th International Colloquium on Automata, Languages and Programming</i>,
    623:545–58. Springer, 1992. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-55719-9_103">https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-55719-9_103</a>.
  ieee: T. A. Henzinger, Z. Manna, and A. Pnueli, “What good are digital clocks?,”
    in <i>19th International Colloquium on Automata, Languages and Programming</i>,
    Vienna, Austria, 1992, vol. 623, pp. 545–558.
  ista: 'Henzinger TA, Manna Z, Pnueli A. 1992. What good are digital clocks? 19th
    International Colloquium on Automata, Languages and Programming. ICALP: Automata,
    Languages and Programming, LNCS, vol. 623, 545–558.'
  mla: Henzinger, Thomas A., et al. “What Good Are Digital Clocks?” <i>19th International
    Colloquium on Automata, Languages and Programming</i>, vol. 623, Springer, 1992,
    pp. 545–58, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-55719-9_103">10.1007/3-540-55719-9_103</a>.
  short: T.A. Henzinger, Z. Manna, A. Pnueli, in:, 19th International Colloquium on
    Automata, Languages and Programming, Springer, 1992, pp. 545–558.
conference:
  end_date: 1992-07-17
  location: Vienna, Austria
  name: 'ICALP: Automata, Languages and Programming'
  start_date: 1992-07-13
date_created: 2018-12-11T12:09:11Z
date_published: 1992-01-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2022-03-14T09:47:09Z
day: '01'
doi: 10.1007/3-540-55719-9_103
extern: '1'
intvolume: '       623'
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- url: https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/3-540-55719-9_103
month: '01'
oa_version: None
page: 545 - 558
publication: 19th International Colloquium on Automata, Languages and Programming
publication_status: published
publisher: Springer
publist_id: '223'
quality_controlled: '1'
status: public
title: What good are digital clocks?
type: conference
user_id: ea97e931-d5af-11eb-85d4-e6957dddbf17
volume: 623
year: '1992'
...
---
_id: '4505'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: "We describe finite-state programs over real-numbered time in a guarded-command
    language with real-valued clocks or, equivalently, as finite automata with real-valued
    clocks. Model checking answers the question which states of a real-time program
    satisfy a branching-time specification (given in an extension of CTL with clock
    variables). We develop an algorithm that computes this set of states symbolically
    as a fixpoint of a functional on state predicates, without constructing the state
    space.\r\n\r\nFor this purpose, we introduce a mu-calculus on computation trees
    over real-numbered time. Unfortunately, many standard program properties, such
    as response for all nonzeno execution sequences (during which time diverges),
    cannot be characterized by fixpoints: we show that the expressiveness of the timed
    mu-calculus is incomparable to the expressiveness of timed CTL. Fortunately, this
    result does not impair the symbolic verification of &quot;implementable&quot;
    real-time programs--those whose safety constraints are machine-closed with respect
    to diverging time and whose fairness constraints are restricted to finite upper
    bounds on clock values. All timed CTL properties of such programs are shown to
    be computable as finitely approximable fixpoints in a simple decidable theory."
article_processing_charge: No
author:
- first_name: Thomas A
  full_name: Henzinger, Thomas A
  id: 40876CD8-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Henzinger
  orcid: 0000−0002−2985−7724
- first_name: Xavier
  full_name: Nicollin, Xavier
  last_name: Nicollin
- first_name: Joseph
  full_name: Sifakis, Joseph
  last_name: Sifakis
- first_name: Sergio
  full_name: Yovine, Sergio
  last_name: Yovine
citation:
  ama: 'Henzinger TA, Nicollin X, Sifakis J, Yovine S. Symbolic model checking for
    real-time systems. In: <i>Proceedings of the 7th Annual IEEE Symposium on Logic
    in Computer Science</i>. IEEE; 1992:394-406. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1109/LICS.1992.185551">10.1109/LICS.1992.185551</a>'
  apa: 'Henzinger, T. A., Nicollin, X., Sifakis, J., &#38; Yovine, S. (1992). Symbolic
    model checking for real-time systems. In <i>Proceedings of the 7th Annual IEEE
    Symposium on Logic in Computer Science</i> (pp. 394–406). Santa Cruz, CA, United
    States of America: IEEE. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1109/LICS.1992.185551">https://doi.org/10.1109/LICS.1992.185551</a>'
  chicago: Henzinger, Thomas A, Xavier Nicollin, Joseph Sifakis, and Sergio Yovine.
    “Symbolic Model Checking for Real-Time Systems.” In <i>Proceedings of the 7th
    Annual IEEE Symposium on Logic in Computer Science</i>, 394–406. IEEE, 1992. <a
    href="https://doi.org/10.1109/LICS.1992.185551">https://doi.org/10.1109/LICS.1992.185551</a>.
  ieee: T. A. Henzinger, X. Nicollin, J. Sifakis, and S. Yovine, “Symbolic model checking
    for real-time systems,” in <i>Proceedings of the 7th Annual IEEE Symposium on
    Logic in Computer Science</i>, Santa Cruz, CA, United States of America, 1992,
    pp. 394–406.
  ista: 'Henzinger TA, Nicollin X, Sifakis J, Yovine S. 1992. Symbolic model checking
    for real-time systems. Proceedings of the 7th Annual IEEE Symposium on Logic in
    Computer Science. LICS: Logic in Computer Science, 394–406.'
  mla: Henzinger, Thomas A., et al. “Symbolic Model Checking for Real-Time Systems.”
    <i>Proceedings of the 7th Annual IEEE Symposium on Logic in Computer Science</i>,
    IEEE, 1992, pp. 394–406, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1109/LICS.1992.185551">10.1109/LICS.1992.185551</a>.
  short: T.A. Henzinger, X. Nicollin, J. Sifakis, S. Yovine, in:, Proceedings of the
    7th Annual IEEE Symposium on Logic in Computer Science, IEEE, 1992, pp. 394–406.
conference:
  end_date: 1992-06-25
  location: Santa Cruz, CA, United States of America
  name: 'LICS: Logic in Computer Science'
  start_date: 1992-06-22
date_created: 2018-12-11T12:09:12Z
date_published: 1992-01-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2022-03-14T13:20:50Z
day: '01'
doi: 10.1109/LICS.1992.185551
extern: '1'
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- url: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/185551
month: '01'
oa_version: None
page: 394 - 406
publication: Proceedings of the 7th Annual IEEE Symposium on Logic in Computer Science
publication_identifier:
  isbn:
  - 0-8186-2735-2
publication_status: published
publisher: IEEE
publist_id: '224'
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: Symbolic model checking for real-time systems
type: conference
user_id: ea97e931-d5af-11eb-85d4-e6957dddbf17
year: '1992'
...
---
_id: '4507'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: We incorporate time into an interleaving model of concurrency. In timed transition
    systems, the qualitative fairness requirements of traditional transition system
    are replaced (and superseded) by quantitative lower-bound and upperbound timing
    constraints on transitions. The purpose of this paper is to explore the scope
    of applicability for the abstract model of timed transition systems. We demonstrate
    that the model can represent a wide variety of phenomena that routinely occur
    in conjunction with the timed execution of concurrent processes. Our treatment
    covers both processes that are executed in parallel on separate processors and
    communicate either through shared variables or by message passing, and processes
    that time-share a limited number of processors under a given scheduling policy.
    Often it is this scheduling policy that determines if a system meets its real-time
    requirements. Thus we explicitly address such questions as time-outs, interrupts,
    static and dynamic priorities.
acknowledgement: 'Sponsor: IBM graduate fellowship, National Science Foundation grant
  CCR-89-11512 National Science Foundation grant CCR-89-13641,  Defense Advanced Research
  Projects Agency contract N00039-84-C-0211, United States Air Force Office of Scientific
  Research under contract AFOSR-90-0057,  European Community ESPRIT Basic Research
  Action project 3096 (SPEC)'
alternative_title:
- LNCS
article_processing_charge: No
author:
- first_name: Thomas A
  full_name: Henzinger, Thomas A
  id: 40876CD8-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Henzinger
  orcid: 0000−0002−2985−7724
- first_name: Zohar
  full_name: Manna, Zohar
  last_name: Manna
- first_name: Amir
  full_name: Pnueli, Amir
  last_name: Pnueli
citation:
  ama: 'Henzinger TA, Manna Z, Pnueli A. Timed transition systems. In: <i>Real Time:
    Theory in Practice</i>. Vol 600. Springer; 1992:226-251. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/BFb0031995">10.1007/BFb0031995</a>'
  apa: 'Henzinger, T. A., Manna, Z., &#38; Pnueli, A. (1992). Timed transition systems.
    In <i>Real Time: Theory in Practice</i> (Vol. 600, pp. 226–251). Springer. <a
    href="https://doi.org/10.1007/BFb0031995">https://doi.org/10.1007/BFb0031995</a>'
  chicago: 'Henzinger, Thomas A, Zohar Manna, and Amir Pnueli. “Timed Transition Systems.”
    In <i>Real Time: Theory in Practice</i>, 600:226–51. Springer, 1992. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/BFb0031995">https://doi.org/10.1007/BFb0031995</a>.'
  ieee: 'T. A. Henzinger, Z. Manna, and A. Pnueli, “Timed transition systems,” in
    <i>Real Time: Theory in Practice</i>, vol. 600, Springer, 1992, pp. 226–251.'
  ista: 'Henzinger TA, Manna Z, Pnueli A. 1992.Timed transition systems. In: Real
    Time: Theory in Practice. LNCS, vol. 600, 226–251.'
  mla: 'Henzinger, Thomas A., et al. “Timed Transition Systems.” <i>Real Time: Theory
    in Practice</i>, vol. 600, Springer, 1992, pp. 226–51, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/BFb0031995">10.1007/BFb0031995</a>.'
  short: 'T.A. Henzinger, Z. Manna, A. Pnueli, in:, Real Time: Theory in Practice,
    Springer, 1992, pp. 226–251.'
date_created: 2018-12-11T12:09:12Z
date_published: 1992-01-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2022-03-14T09:34:44Z
day: '01'
doi: 10.1007/BFb0031995
extern: '1'
intvolume: '       600'
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- url: https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/BFb0031995
month: '01'
oa_version: None
page: 226 - 251
publication: 'Real Time: Theory in Practice'
publication_status: published
publisher: Springer
publist_id: '222'
status: public
title: Timed transition systems
type: book_chapter
user_id: ea97e931-d5af-11eb-85d4-e6957dddbf17
volume: 600
year: '1992'
...
---
_id: '4517'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: It has been observed repeatedly that the standard safety-liveness classification
    for properties of reactive systems does not fit for real-time properties. This
    is because the implicit “liveliness” of time shifts the spectrum towards the safety
    side. While, for example, response—that “something good” will happen eventually—is
    a classical liveness property, bounded response—that “something good” will happen
    soon, within a certain amount of time—has many characteristics of safety. We account
    for this phenomenon formally by defining safety and liveness relative to a given
    condition, such as the progress of time.
acknowledgement: 'The author thanks Martin Abadi, Rajeev Alur, David Dill, Leslie
  Lamport, Zohar Manna, Amir Pnueli, Fred Schneider, and two anonymous referees for
  many valuable suggestions and improvements. '
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Thomas A
  full_name: Henzinger, Thomas A
  id: 40876CD8-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Henzinger
  orcid: 0000−0002−2985−7724
citation:
  ama: Henzinger TA. Sooner Is Safer Than Later. <i>Information Processing Letters</i>.
    1992;43(3):135-141. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/0020-0190(92)90005-G">10.1016/0020-0190(92)90005-G</a>
  apa: Henzinger, T. A. (1992). Sooner Is Safer Than Later. <i>Information Processing
    Letters</i>. Elsevier. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/0020-0190(92)90005-G">https://doi.org/10.1016/0020-0190(92)90005-G</a>
  chicago: Henzinger, Thomas A. “Sooner Is Safer Than Later.” <i>Information Processing
    Letters</i>. Elsevier, 1992. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/0020-0190(92)90005-G">https://doi.org/10.1016/0020-0190(92)90005-G</a>.
  ieee: T. A. Henzinger, “Sooner Is Safer Than Later,” <i>Information Processing Letters</i>,
    vol. 43, no. 3. Elsevier, pp. 135–141, 1992.
  ista: Henzinger TA. 1992. Sooner Is Safer Than Later. Information Processing Letters.
    43(3), 135–141.
  mla: Henzinger, Thomas A. “Sooner Is Safer Than Later.” <i>Information Processing
    Letters</i>, vol. 43, no. 3, Elsevier, 1992, pp. 135–41, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/0020-0190(92)90005-G">10.1016/0020-0190(92)90005-G</a>.
  short: T.A. Henzinger, Information Processing Letters 43 (1992) 135–141.
date_created: 2018-12-11T12:09:16Z
date_published: 1992-09-14T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2022-03-07T11:31:23Z
day: '14'
doi: 10.1016/0020-0190(92)90005-G
extern: '1'
intvolume: '        43'
issue: '3'
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/002001909290005G?via%3Dihub
month: '09'
oa_version: None
page: 135 - 141
publication: Information Processing Letters
publication_identifier:
  issn:
  - 0020-0190
publication_status: published
publisher: Elsevier
publist_id: '211'
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: Sooner Is Safer Than Later
type: journal_article
user_id: ea97e931-d5af-11eb-85d4-e6957dddbf17
volume: 43
year: '1992'
...
---
_id: '2482'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: The complementary DNA of a metabotropic glutamate receptor coupled to inositol
    phosphate/Ca2+ signal transduction has been cloned and characterized. This receptor
    shows no sequence similarity to conventional G protein-coupled receptors and has
    a unique structure with large hydrophilic sequences at both sides of seven putative
    membrane-spanning domains. Abundant expression of this messenger RNA is observed
    in neuronal cells in hippocampal dentate gyrus and CA2-3 and in cerebellar Purkinje
    cells, suggesting the importance of this receptor in specific hippocampal and
    cerebellar functions.
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Masayuki
  full_name: Masu, Masayuki
  last_name: Masu
- first_name: Yasuto
  full_name: Tanabe, Yasuto
  last_name: Tanabe
- first_name: Kunihiro
  full_name: Tsuchida, Kunihiro
  last_name: Tsuchida
- first_name: Ryuichi
  full_name: Shigemoto, Ryuichi
  id: 499F3ABC-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Shigemoto
  orcid: 0000-0001-8761-9444
- first_name: Shigetada
  full_name: Nakanishi, Shigetada
  last_name: Nakanishi
citation:
  ama: Masu M, Tanabe Y, Tsuchida K, Shigemoto R, Nakanishi S. Sequence and expression
    of a metabotropic glutamate receptor. <i>Nature</i>. 1991;349(6312):760-765. doi:<a
    href="https://doi.org/10.1038/349760a0">10.1038/349760a0</a>
  apa: Masu, M., Tanabe, Y., Tsuchida, K., Shigemoto, R., &#38; Nakanishi, S. (1991).
    Sequence and expression of a metabotropic glutamate receptor. <i>Nature</i>. Nature
    Publishing Group. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/349760a0">https://doi.org/10.1038/349760a0</a>
  chicago: Masu, Masayuki, Yasuto Tanabe, Kunihiro Tsuchida, Ryuichi Shigemoto, and
    Shigetada Nakanishi. “Sequence and Expression of a Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor.”
    <i>Nature</i>. Nature Publishing Group, 1991. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/349760a0">https://doi.org/10.1038/349760a0</a>.
  ieee: M. Masu, Y. Tanabe, K. Tsuchida, R. Shigemoto, and S. Nakanishi, “Sequence
    and expression of a metabotropic glutamate receptor,” <i>Nature</i>, vol. 349,
    no. 6312. Nature Publishing Group, pp. 760–765, 1991.
  ista: Masu M, Tanabe Y, Tsuchida K, Shigemoto R, Nakanishi S. 1991. Sequence and
    expression of a metabotropic glutamate receptor. Nature. 349(6312), 760–765.
  mla: Masu, Masayuki, et al. “Sequence and Expression of a Metabotropic Glutamate
    Receptor.” <i>Nature</i>, vol. 349, no. 6312, Nature Publishing Group, 1991, pp.
    760–65, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/349760a0">10.1038/349760a0</a>.
  short: M. Masu, Y. Tanabe, K. Tsuchida, R. Shigemoto, S. Nakanishi, Nature 349 (1991)
    760–765.
date_created: 2018-12-11T11:57:55Z
date_published: 1991-02-28T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2022-03-03T15:37:36Z
day: '28'
doi: 10.1038/349760a0
extern: '1'
external_id:
  pmid:
  - '1847995 '
intvolume: '       349'
issue: '6312'
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- url: https://www.nature.com/articles/349760a0
month: '02'
oa_version: None
page: 760 - 765
pmid: 1
publication: Nature
publication_identifier:
  eissn:
  - 1476-4687
  issn:
  - 0028-0836
publication_status: published
publisher: Nature Publishing Group
publist_id: '4419'
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: Sequence and expression of a metabotropic glutamate receptor
type: journal_article
user_id: ea97e931-d5af-11eb-85d4-e6957dddbf17
volume: 349
year: '1991'
...
