--- _id: '4493' abstract: - lang: eng text: A hybrid system is a dynamical system whose behavior exhibits both discrete and continuous change. A hybrid automaton is a mathematical model for hybrid systems, which combines, in a single formalism, automaton transitions for capturing discrete change with differential equations for capturing continuous change. HyTech is a symbolic model checker for linear hybrid automata, a subclass of hybrid automata that can be analyzed automatically by computing with polyhedral state sets. A key feature of HyTech is its ability to perform parametric analysis, i.e., to determine the values of design parameters for which a linear hybrid automaton satisfies a temporal-logic requirement. acknowledgement: This research was supported in part by the ONR YIP award N00014-95-1-0520, the NSF CAREER award CCR-501708, NSF grant CCR-9504469, AFOSR contract F49620-93-1-0056, ARO MURI grant DAAH-04-96-1-0341, ARPA grant AG2-892, and SRC contract 95-DC-324.036. article_processing_charge: No article_type: original author: - first_name: Thomas A full_name: Henzinger, Thomas A id: 40876CD8-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 last_name: Henzinger orcid: 0000−0002−2985−7724 - first_name: Pei full_name: Ho, Pei last_name: Ho - first_name: Howard full_name: Wong Toi, Howard last_name: Wong Toi citation: ama: 'Henzinger TA, Ho P, Wong Toi H. HyTech: A model checker for hybrid systems. Software Tools For Technology Transfer. 1997;1(1-2):110-122. doi:10.1007/s100090050008' apa: 'Henzinger, T. A., Ho, P., & Wong Toi, H. (1997). HyTech: A model checker for hybrid systems. Software Tools For Technology Transfer. Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/s100090050008' chicago: 'Henzinger, Thomas A, Pei Ho, and Howard Wong Toi. “HyTech: A Model Checker for Hybrid Systems.” Software Tools For Technology Transfer. Springer, 1997. https://doi.org/10.1007/s100090050008.' ieee: 'T. A. Henzinger, P. Ho, and H. Wong Toi, “HyTech: A model checker for hybrid systems,” Software Tools For Technology Transfer, vol. 1, no. 1–2. Springer, pp. 110–122, 1997.' ista: 'Henzinger TA, Ho P, Wong Toi H. 1997. HyTech: A model checker for hybrid systems. Software Tools For Technology Transfer. 1(1–2), 110–122.' mla: 'Henzinger, Thomas A., et al. “HyTech: A Model Checker for Hybrid Systems.” Software Tools For Technology Transfer, vol. 1, no. 1–2, Springer, 1997, pp. 110–22, doi:10.1007/s100090050008.' short: T.A. Henzinger, P. Ho, H. Wong Toi, Software Tools For Technology Transfer 1 (1997) 110–122. date_created: 2018-12-11T12:09:08Z date_published: 1997-01-01T00:00:00Z date_updated: 2022-08-17T11:14:15Z day: '01' doi: 10.1007/s100090050008 extern: '1' intvolume: ' 1' issue: 1-2 language: - iso: eng month: '01' oa_version: None page: 110 - 122 publication: Software Tools For Technology Transfer publication_identifier: issn: - 1433-2779 publication_status: published publisher: Springer publist_id: '236' quality_controlled: '1' scopus_import: '1' status: public title: 'HyTech: A model checker for hybrid systems' type: journal_article user_id: ea97e931-d5af-11eb-85d4-e6957dddbf17 volume: 1 year: '1997' ... --- _id: '4494' abstract: - lang: eng text: A hybrid system consists of a collection of digital programs that interact with each other and with an analog environment. Examples of hybrid systems include medical equipment, manufacturing controllers, automotive controllers, and robots. The formal analysis of the mixed digital-analog nature of these systems requires a model that incorporates the discrete behavior of computer programs with the continuous behavior of environment variables, such as temperature and pressure. Hybrid automata capture both types of behavior by combining finite automata with differential inclusions (i.e. differential inequalities). HyTech is a symbolic model checker for linear hybrid automata, an expressive, yet automatically analyzable, subclass of hybrid automata. A key feature of HyTech is its ability to perform parametric analysis, i.e. to determine the values of design parameters for which a linear hybrid automaton satisfies a temporal requirement. acknowledgement: This research was supported in part by the ONR YIP award N00014-95-1-0520, by the NSF CAREER award CCR-9501708, by the NSF grant CCR-9504469, by the AFOSR contract F49620-93-1-0056, by the ARO MURI grant DAAH-04-96-1-0341, by the ARPA grant NAG2-892, and by the SRC contract 95-DC-324.036. alternative_title: - LNCS article_processing_charge: No author: - first_name: Thomas A full_name: Henzinger, Thomas A id: 40876CD8-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 last_name: Henzinger orcid: 0000−0002−2985−7724 - first_name: Pei full_name: Ho, Pei last_name: Ho - first_name: Howard full_name: Wong Toi, Howard last_name: Wong Toi citation: ama: 'Henzinger TA, Ho P, Wong Toi H. HyTech: A model checker for hybrid systems. In: Vol 1254. Springer; 1997:460-463. doi:10.1007/3-540-63166-6_48' apa: 'Henzinger, T. A., Ho, P., & Wong Toi, H. (1997). HyTech: A model checker for hybrid systems (Vol. 1254, pp. 460–463). Presented at the CAV: Computer Aided Verification, Haifa, Israel: Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-63166-6_48' chicago: 'Henzinger, Thomas A, Pei Ho, and Howard Wong Toi. “HyTech: A Model Checker for Hybrid Systems,” 1254:460–63. Springer, 1997. https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-63166-6_48.' ieee: 'T. A. Henzinger, P. Ho, and H. Wong Toi, “HyTech: A model checker for hybrid systems,” presented at the CAV: Computer Aided Verification, Haifa, Israel, 1997, vol. 1254, pp. 460–463.' ista: 'Henzinger TA, Ho P, Wong Toi H. 1997. HyTech: A model checker for hybrid systems. CAV: Computer Aided Verification, LNCS, vol. 1254, 460–463.' mla: 'Henzinger, Thomas A., et al. HyTech: A Model Checker for Hybrid Systems. Vol. 1254, Springer, 1997, pp. 460–63, doi:10.1007/3-540-63166-6_48.' short: T.A. Henzinger, P. Ho, H. Wong Toi, in:, Springer, 1997, pp. 460–463. conference: end_date: 1997-06-25 location: Haifa, Israel name: 'CAV: Computer Aided Verification' start_date: 1997-06-22 date_created: 2018-12-11T12:09:08Z date_published: 1997-01-01T00:00:00Z date_updated: 2022-08-17T11:06:13Z day: '01' doi: 10.1007/3-540-63166-6_48 extern: '1' intvolume: ' 1254' language: - iso: eng month: '01' oa_version: None page: 460 - 463 publication_identifier: isbn: - '9783540631668' publication_status: published publisher: Springer publist_id: '235' quality_controlled: '1' scopus_import: '1' status: public title: 'HyTech: A model checker for hybrid systems' type: conference user_id: ea97e931-d5af-11eb-85d4-e6957dddbf17 volume: 1254 year: '1997' ... --- _id: '4496' abstract: - lang: eng text: 'The simulation preorder for labeled transition systems is defined locally as a game that relates states with their immediate successor states. Liveness assumptions about transition systems are typically modeled using fairness constraints. Existing notions of simulation for fair transition systems, however, are not local, and as a result, many appealing properties of the simulation preorder are lost. We extend the local definition of simulation to account for fairness: system S fairly simulates system I iff in the simulation game, there is a strategy that matches with each fair computation of I a fair computation of S. Our definition enjoys a fully abstract semantics and has a logical characterization: S fairly simulates I iff every fair computation tree embedded in the unrolling of I can be embedded also in the unrolling of S or, equivalently, iff every Fair-AFMC formula satisfied by I is satisfied also by S (AFMC is the universal fragment of the alternation-free -calculus). The locality of the definition leads us to a polynomial-time algorithm for checking fair simulation for finite-state systems with weak and strong fairness constraints. Finally, fair simulation implies fair trace-containment, and is therefore useful as an efficientlycomputable local criterion for proving linear-time abstraction hierarchies.' acknowledgement: This research was supported in part by the ONR YIP award N00014-95-1-0520, by the NSF CAREER award CCR-9501708, by the NSF grant CCR-9504469, by the AFOSR contract F49620-93-1-0056, by the ARO MURI grant DAAH-04-96-1-0341, by the ARPA grant NAG2-892, and by the SRC contract 95-DC-324.036. alternative_title: - LNCS article_processing_charge: No author: - first_name: Thomas A full_name: Henzinger, Thomas A id: 40876CD8-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 last_name: Henzinger orcid: 0000−0002−2985−7724 - first_name: Orna full_name: Kupferman, Orna last_name: Kupferman - first_name: Sriram full_name: Rajamani, Sriram last_name: Rajamani citation: ama: 'Henzinger TA, Kupferman O, Rajamani S. Fair simulation. In: Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Concurrency Theory. Vol 1243. Springer; 1997:273-287. doi:10.1007/3-540-63141-0_19' apa: 'Henzinger, T. A., Kupferman, O., & Rajamani, S. (1997). Fair simulation. In Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Concurrency Theory (Vol. 1243, pp. 273–287). Warsaw, Poland: Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-63141-0_19' chicago: Henzinger, Thomas A, Orna Kupferman, and Sriram Rajamani. “Fair Simulation.” In Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Concurrency Theory, 1243:273–87. Springer, 1997. https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-63141-0_19. ieee: T. A. Henzinger, O. Kupferman, and S. Rajamani, “Fair simulation,” in Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Concurrency Theory, Warsaw, Poland, 1997, vol. 1243, pp. 273–287. ista: 'Henzinger TA, Kupferman O, Rajamani S. 1997. Fair simulation. Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Concurrency Theory. CONCUR: Concurrency Theory, LNCS, vol. 1243, 273–287.' mla: Henzinger, Thomas A., et al. “Fair Simulation.” Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Concurrency Theory, vol. 1243, Springer, 1997, pp. 273–87, doi:10.1007/3-540-63141-0_19. short: T.A. Henzinger, O. Kupferman, S. Rajamani, in:, Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Concurrency Theory, Springer, 1997, pp. 273–287. conference: end_date: 1997-07-04 location: Warsaw, Poland name: 'CONCUR: Concurrency Theory' start_date: 1997-07-01 date_created: 2018-12-11T12:09:09Z date_published: 1997-01-01T00:00:00Z date_updated: 2022-08-17T09:09:13Z day: '01' doi: 10.1007/3-540-63141-0_19 extern: '1' intvolume: ' 1243' language: - iso: eng month: '01' oa_version: None page: 273 - 287 publication: Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Concurrency Theory publication_identifier: isbn: - '9783540631415' publication_status: published publisher: Springer publist_id: '234' quality_controlled: '1' scopus_import: '1' status: public title: Fair simulation type: conference user_id: ea97e931-d5af-11eb-85d4-e6957dddbf17 volume: 1243 year: '1997' ... --- _id: '4520' abstract: - lang: eng text: 'We define robust timed automata, which are timed automata that accept all trajectories robustly: if a robust timed automaton accepts a trajectory, then it must accept neighboring trajectories also; and if a robust timed automaton rejects a trajectory, then it must reject neighboring trajectories also. We show that the emptiness problem for robust timed automata is still decidable, by modifying the region construction for timed automata. We then show that, like timed automata, robust timed automata cannot be determinized. This result is somewhat unexpected, given that in temporal logic, the removal of realtime equality constraints is known to lead to a decidable theory that is closed under all boolean operations.' acknowledgement: The first and third author were supported in part by grants from ARPA and ONR. The second author was supported in part by the ONR YIP award N00014-95-1-0520, by the NSF CAREER award CCR-9501708, by the NSF grant CCR-9504469, by the AFOSR contract F49620-93-1-0056, by the ARO MURI grant DAAH-04-96-1-0341, by the ARPA grant NAG2-892, and by the SRC contract 95-DC-324.036. The third author was also supported by the NSF. alternative_title: - LNCS article_processing_charge: No author: - first_name: Vineet full_name: Gupta, Vineet last_name: Gupta - first_name: Thomas A full_name: Henzinger, Thomas A id: 40876CD8-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 last_name: Henzinger orcid: 0000−0002−2985−7724 - first_name: Radha full_name: Jagadeesan, Radha last_name: Jagadeesan citation: ama: 'Gupta V, Henzinger TA, Jagadeesan R. Robust timed automata. In: Proceedings of the 5th International Workshop on Hybrid and Real-Time Systems. Vol 1201. Springer; 1997:331-345. doi:10.1007/BFb0014736' apa: 'Gupta, V., Henzinger, T. A., & Jagadeesan, R. (1997). Robust timed automata. In Proceedings of the 5th International Workshop on Hybrid and Real-Time Systems (Vol. 1201, pp. 331–345). Grenoble, France: Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/BFb0014736' chicago: Gupta, Vineet, Thomas A Henzinger, and Radha Jagadeesan. “Robust Timed Automata.” In Proceedings of the 5th International Workshop on Hybrid and Real-Time Systems, 1201:331–45. Springer, 1997. https://doi.org/10.1007/BFb0014736. ieee: V. Gupta, T. A. Henzinger, and R. Jagadeesan, “Robust timed automata,” in Proceedings of the 5th International Workshop on Hybrid and Real-Time Systems, Grenoble, France, 1997, vol. 1201, pp. 331–345. ista: 'Gupta V, Henzinger TA, Jagadeesan R. 1997. Robust timed automata. Proceedings of the 5th International Workshop on Hybrid and Real-Time Systems. HART: Hybrid and Real-Time Systems, LNCS, vol. 1201, 331–345.' mla: Gupta, Vineet, et al. “Robust Timed Automata.” Proceedings of the 5th International Workshop on Hybrid and Real-Time Systems, vol. 1201, Springer, 1997, pp. 331–45, doi:10.1007/BFb0014736. short: V. Gupta, T.A. Henzinger, R. Jagadeesan, in:, Proceedings of the 5th International Workshop on Hybrid and Real-Time Systems, Springer, 1997, pp. 331–345. conference: end_date: 1997-03-28 location: Grenoble, France name: 'HART: Hybrid and Real-Time Systems' start_date: 1997-03-26 date_created: 2018-12-11T12:09:17Z date_published: 1997-01-01T00:00:00Z date_updated: 2022-08-17T09:04:39Z day: '01' doi: 10.1007/BFb0014736 extern: '1' intvolume: ' 1201' language: - iso: eng month: '01' oa_version: None page: 331 - 345 publication: Proceedings of the 5th International Workshop on Hybrid and Real-Time Systems publication_identifier: isbn: - '9783540626008' publication_status: published publisher: Springer publist_id: '207' quality_controlled: '1' scopus_import: '1' status: public title: Robust timed automata type: conference user_id: ea97e931-d5af-11eb-85d4-e6957dddbf17 volume: 1201 year: '1997' ... --- _id: '2492' abstract: - lang: eng text: The metabotropic glutamate receptor subtypes mGluR2 and mGluR5, which are thought to be coupled respectively to the inhibitory cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) cascade and the phosphatidylinositol hydrolysis/Ca2+ cascade, are known to be expressed on Golgi cells in the granular layer of the rat cerebellar cortex. In the present immunohistochemical study with a monoclonal antibody against mGluR2 and a polyclonal antibody for mGluR5, we examined whether or not mGluR2- and mGluR5-like immunoreactivities were both present in single Golgi cells in the rat cerebellar cortex. In double immunofluorescence histochemistry, no Golgi cells showed mGluR2- and mGluR5-like immunoreactivities simultaneously. Of the total number of Golgi cells immunoreactive for mGluR2 or mGluR5, about 90% were mGluR2-like immunoreactive, and about 10% were mGluR5-like immunoreactive. Golgi cells with mGluR2-like immunoreactivity were distributed evenly in the granular layer of all the cerebellar regions, while those with mGluR5-like immunoreactivity were distributed more frequently in the I, II, VII-X lobules of the vermis and the copula pyramidis of the hemisphere than in other cerebellar regions. The results indicate that Golgi cells containing mGluR2 are segregated from those possessing mGluR5. These two populations of Golgi cells, each equipped with a different metabolic glutamate receptor coupled to a different intracellular signal transduction system, may play different roles in the glutamatergic neuronal circuits in the cerebellar cortex. acknowledgement: We thank Mr Akira Uesugi for expert photographic assistance. We also thank Dr Jeremy M. Henley for a critical reading of the manuscript. article_processing_charge: No article_type: original author: - first_name: Akio full_name: Neki, Akio last_name: Neki - first_name: Hitoshi full_name: Ohishi, Hitoshi last_name: Ohishi - first_name: Takeshi full_name: Kaneko, Takeshi last_name: Kaneko - first_name: Ryuichi full_name: Shigemoto, Ryuichi id: 499F3ABC-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 last_name: Shigemoto orcid: 0000-0001-8761-9444 - first_name: Shigetada full_name: Nakanishi, Shigetada last_name: Nakanishi - first_name: Noboru full_name: Mizuno, Noboru last_name: Mizuno citation: ama: Neki A, Ohishi H, Kaneko T, Shigemoto R, Nakanishi S, Mizuno N. Metabotropic glutamate receptors mGluR2 and mGluR5 are expressed in two non-overlapping populations of Golgi cells in the rat cerebellum. Neuroscience. 1996;75(3):815-826. doi:10.1016/0306-4522(96)00316-8 apa: Neki, A., Ohishi, H., Kaneko, T., Shigemoto, R., Nakanishi, S., & Mizuno, N. (1996). Metabotropic glutamate receptors mGluR2 and mGluR5 are expressed in two non-overlapping populations of Golgi cells in the rat cerebellum. Neuroscience. Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/0306-4522(96)00316-8 chicago: Neki, Akio, Hitoshi Ohishi, Takeshi Kaneko, Ryuichi Shigemoto, Shigetada Nakanishi, and Noboru Mizuno. “Metabotropic Glutamate Receptors MGluR2 and MGluR5 Are Expressed in Two Non-Overlapping Populations of Golgi Cells in the Rat Cerebellum.” Neuroscience. Elsevier, 1996. https://doi.org/10.1016/0306-4522(96)00316-8. ieee: A. Neki, H. Ohishi, T. Kaneko, R. Shigemoto, S. Nakanishi, and N. Mizuno, “Metabotropic glutamate receptors mGluR2 and mGluR5 are expressed in two non-overlapping populations of Golgi cells in the rat cerebellum,” Neuroscience, vol. 75, no. 3. Elsevier, pp. 815–826, 1996. ista: Neki A, Ohishi H, Kaneko T, Shigemoto R, Nakanishi S, Mizuno N. 1996. Metabotropic glutamate receptors mGluR2 and mGluR5 are expressed in two non-overlapping populations of Golgi cells in the rat cerebellum. Neuroscience. 75(3), 815–826. mla: Neki, Akio, et al. “Metabotropic Glutamate Receptors MGluR2 and MGluR5 Are Expressed in Two Non-Overlapping Populations of Golgi Cells in the Rat Cerebellum.” Neuroscience, vol. 75, no. 3, Elsevier, 1996, pp. 815–26, doi:10.1016/0306-4522(96)00316-8. short: A. Neki, H. Ohishi, T. Kaneko, R. Shigemoto, S. Nakanishi, N. Mizuno, Neuroscience 75 (1996) 815–826. date_created: 2018-12-11T11:57:59Z date_published: 1996-12-01T00:00:00Z date_updated: 2022-08-12T12:11:03Z day: '01' doi: 10.1016/0306-4522(96)00316-8 extern: '1' external_id: pmid: - '8951875' intvolume: ' 75' issue: '3' language: - iso: eng month: '12' oa_version: None page: 815 - 826 pmid: 1 publication: Neuroscience publication_identifier: issn: - 0306-4522 publication_status: published publisher: Elsevier publist_id: '4409' quality_controlled: '1' scopus_import: '1' status: public title: Metabotropic glutamate receptors mGluR2 and mGluR5 are expressed in two non-overlapping populations of Golgi cells in the rat cerebellum type: journal_article user_id: ea97e931-d5af-11eb-85d4-e6957dddbf17 volume: 75 year: '1996' ... --- _id: '2562' abstract: - lang: eng text: A monoclonal antibody against a metabotropic glutamate receptor, mGluR2, was produced by using a glutathione S-transferase (GST) fusion protein containing an N-terminal sequence of rat mGluR2. Intense mGluR2-like immunoreactivity (mGluR2-LI) was seen mainly in neuropil of the cerebral cortical regions, hippocampus, olfactory bulb, some diencephalic nuclei, dorsal cochlear nucleus and cerebellar cortex. In the cerebellar cortex, mGluR2-LI was seen only in Golgi cells. In Ammon's hem, mGluR2-LI was marked in the stratum lucidum of CA3 and the stratum lacunosum-moleculare of CA1-CA3, but not detected in the stratum pyramidale. The results indicate that mGluR2 is located not only presynaptically but also postsynaptically. acknowledgement: We are grateful to Mr. Akira Uesugi for photographic help. article_processing_charge: No article_type: original author: - first_name: Akio full_name: Neki, Akio last_name: Neki - first_name: Hitoshi full_name: Ohishi, Hitoshi last_name: Ohishi - first_name: Takeshi full_name: Kaneko, Takeshi last_name: Kaneko - first_name: Ryuichi full_name: Shigemoto, Ryuichi id: 499F3ABC-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 last_name: Shigemoto orcid: 0000-0001-8761-9444 - first_name: Shigetada full_name: Nakanishi, Shigetada last_name: Nakanishi - first_name: Noboru full_name: Mizuno, Noboru last_name: Mizuno citation: ama: 'Neki A, Ohishi H, Kaneko T, Shigemoto R, Nakanishi S, Mizuno N. Pre- and postsynaptic localization of a metabotropic glutamate receptor, mGluR2, in the rat brain: An immunohistochemical study with a monoclonal antibody. Neuroscience Letters. 1996;202(3):197-200. doi:10.1016/0304-3940(95)12248-6' apa: 'Neki, A., Ohishi, H., Kaneko, T., Shigemoto, R., Nakanishi, S., & Mizuno, N. (1996). Pre- and postsynaptic localization of a metabotropic glutamate receptor, mGluR2, in the rat brain: An immunohistochemical study with a monoclonal antibody. Neuroscience Letters. Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-3940(95)12248-6' chicago: 'Neki, Akio, Hitoshi Ohishi, Takeshi Kaneko, Ryuichi Shigemoto, Shigetada Nakanishi, and Noboru Mizuno. “Pre- and Postsynaptic Localization of a Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor, MGluR2, in the Rat Brain: An Immunohistochemical Study with a Monoclonal Antibody.” Neuroscience Letters. Elsevier, 1996. https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-3940(95)12248-6.' ieee: 'A. Neki, H. Ohishi, T. Kaneko, R. Shigemoto, S. Nakanishi, and N. Mizuno, “Pre- and postsynaptic localization of a metabotropic glutamate receptor, mGluR2, in the rat brain: An immunohistochemical study with a monoclonal antibody,” Neuroscience Letters, vol. 202, no. 3. Elsevier, pp. 197–200, 1996.' ista: 'Neki A, Ohishi H, Kaneko T, Shigemoto R, Nakanishi S, Mizuno N. 1996. Pre- and postsynaptic localization of a metabotropic glutamate receptor, mGluR2, in the rat brain: An immunohistochemical study with a monoclonal antibody. Neuroscience Letters. 202(3), 197–200.' mla: 'Neki, Akio, et al. “Pre- and Postsynaptic Localization of a Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor, MGluR2, in the Rat Brain: An Immunohistochemical Study with a Monoclonal Antibody.” Neuroscience Letters, vol. 202, no. 3, Elsevier, 1996, pp. 197–200, doi:10.1016/0304-3940(95)12248-6.' short: A. Neki, H. Ohishi, T. Kaneko, R. Shigemoto, S. Nakanishi, N. Mizuno, Neuroscience Letters 202 (1996) 197–200. date_created: 2018-12-11T11:58:24Z date_published: 1996-01-05T00:00:00Z date_updated: 2022-08-12T12:04:18Z day: '05' doi: 10.1016/0304-3940(95)12248-6 extern: '1' external_id: pmid: - '8848265' intvolume: ' 202' issue: '3' language: - iso: eng month: '01' oa_version: None page: 197 - 200 pmid: 1 publication: Neuroscience Letters publication_identifier: issn: - 0304-3940 publication_status: published publisher: Elsevier publist_id: '4335' quality_controlled: '1' scopus_import: '1' status: public title: 'Pre- and postsynaptic localization of a metabotropic glutamate receptor, mGluR2, in the rat brain: An immunohistochemical study with a monoclonal antibody' type: journal_article user_id: ea97e931-d5af-11eb-85d4-e6957dddbf17 volume: 202 year: '1996' ... --- _id: '2564' abstract: - lang: eng text: The distribution of the neuromedin K receptor (NK3; NKR) in the central nervous system was investigated in the adult rat by using in situ hybridization and immunohistochemical techniques. The rabbit anti-NKR antibody was raised against a bacterial fusion protein containing a C- terminal portion of NKR and affinity purified with a Sepharose 4B column conjugated to the fusion protein. Immunoblot analysis was performed to test the reactivity and specificity of the antibody. Crude membrane was prepared from cDNA-transfected Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells expressing each of the rat NKR, substance P receptor (NK1; SPR), and substance K receptor (NK2; SKR) and from the hypothalamus, cerebral cortex, and cerebellum. Immunoreactive bands were observed specifically in the NKR-CHO cells, hypothalamus, and cerebral cortex but not in the SPR- or SKR-CHO cells, nor in the cerebellum. Molecular weights of the immunoreactive bands ranged from 73 to 89 kDa and from 59 to 83 kDa in the NKR-CHO cells and tissues, respectively. The distribution of NKR-like immunoreactivity coincided with that of NKR mRNA. The expression of NKR was indicated on neuronal cell bodies and dendrites. NKR was found to be expressed intensely or moderately in neurons in the glomerular and granule cell layers of the main olfactory bulb; glomerular and mitral cell layers of the accessory olfactory bulb; layers IV and V of the cerebral neocortex; medial septal nucleus; nucleus of the diagonal band; bed nucleus of the stria terminalis; globus pallidus; ventral pallidum; paraventricular nucleus; supraoptic nucleus; zona incerta; dorsal, lateral, and posterior hypothalamic areas; amygdaloid nuclei; medial habenular nucleus; ventral tegmental area; midbrain periaqueductal gray; interpeduncular nuclei; substantia nigra pars compacta; linear, median, dorsal, and pontine raphe nuclei; posteromedial tegmental nucleus; sphenoid nucleus; nucleus of the solitary tract; intermediate and rostroventrolateral reticular nuclei; and lamina II of the caudal spinal trigeminal nucleus and spinal dorsal horn. These findings are discussed in relation to the physiological functions associated with neuromedin K. acknowledgement: 'We are grateful for the photographic help of Mr. A. Uesugi and the support of Drs. Satoru Fukuchi, Ritsu Hayashi, Sozaburo Hayashi, Mizuho Katsurada, Yutaka Kitani, Keiko Kumagai, Toshihiko Kuroda, Hiroshi Matsu- bara, Hiroshi Matsushima, Chisato Minakuchi, Gonpei Niwa, Hajime Oda, Masahiko Ohbayashi, Sei-ichi Ohbayashi, Hiroyasu Ohtsuka, Shigeo Tamaki, Eizo Watanabe, Kazuo Yoshino, and Toshiaki Yoshino. This work was supported in part by Grants-in-Aid for Special Research on Priority areas 05267104, Scientific Research (B) 05454658, and Scientific Research (C) 06680735 from the Ministry of Education, Science and Culture of Japan. ' article_processing_charge: No article_type: original author: - first_name: Yu full_name: Ding, Yu last_name: Ding - first_name: Ryuichi full_name: Shigemoto, Ryuichi id: 499F3ABC-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 last_name: Shigemoto orcid: 0000-0001-8761-9444 - first_name: Masahiko full_name: Takada, Masahiko last_name: Takada - first_name: Hitoshi full_name: Ohishi, Hitoshi last_name: Ohishi - first_name: Shigetada full_name: Nakanishi, Shigetada last_name: Nakanishi - first_name: Noboru full_name: Mizuno, Noboru last_name: Mizuno citation: ama: Ding Y, Shigemoto R, Takada M, Ohishi H, Nakanishi S, Mizuno N. Localization of the neuromedin K receptor (NK3) in the central nervous system of the rat. Journal of Comparative Neurology. 1996;364(2):290-310. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1096-9861(19960108)364:2&lt;290::AID-CNE8&gt;3.0.CO;2-0 apa: Ding, Y., Shigemoto, R., Takada, M., Ohishi, H., Nakanishi, S., & Mizuno, N. (1996). Localization of the neuromedin K receptor (NK3) in the central nervous system of the rat. Journal of Comparative Neurology. Wiley-Blackwell. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1096-9861(19960108)364:2&lt;290::AID-CNE8&gt;3.0.CO;2-0 chicago: Ding, Yu, Ryuichi Shigemoto, Masahiko Takada, Hitoshi Ohishi, Shigetada Nakanishi, and Noboru Mizuno. “Localization of the Neuromedin K Receptor (NK3) in the Central Nervous System of the Rat.” Journal of Comparative Neurology. Wiley-Blackwell, 1996. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1096-9861(19960108)364:2&lt;290::AID-CNE8&gt;3.0.CO;2-0. ieee: Y. Ding, R. Shigemoto, M. Takada, H. Ohishi, S. Nakanishi, and N. Mizuno, “Localization of the neuromedin K receptor (NK3) in the central nervous system of the rat,” Journal of Comparative Neurology, vol. 364, no. 2. Wiley-Blackwell, pp. 290–310, 1996. ista: Ding Y, Shigemoto R, Takada M, Ohishi H, Nakanishi S, Mizuno N. 1996. Localization of the neuromedin K receptor (NK3) in the central nervous system of the rat. Journal of Comparative Neurology. 364(2), 290–310. mla: Ding, Yu, et al. “Localization of the Neuromedin K Receptor (NK3) in the Central Nervous System of the Rat.” Journal of Comparative Neurology, vol. 364, no. 2, Wiley-Blackwell, 1996, pp. 290–310, doi:10.1002/(SICI)1096-9861(19960108)364:2&lt;290::AID-CNE8&gt;3.0.CO;2-0. short: Y. Ding, R. Shigemoto, M. Takada, H. Ohishi, S. Nakanishi, N. Mizuno, Journal of Comparative Neurology 364 (1996) 290–310. date_created: 2018-12-11T11:58:25Z date_published: 1996-01-08T00:00:00Z date_updated: 2022-08-12T09:48:24Z day: '08' doi: 10.1002/(SICI)1096-9861(19960108)364:2<290::AID-CNE8>3.0.CO;2-0 extern: '1' external_id: pmid: - '8788251 ' intvolume: ' 364' issue: '2' language: - iso: eng month: '01' oa_version: None page: 290 - 310 pmid: 1 publication: Journal of Comparative Neurology publication_identifier: issn: - 0021-9967 publication_status: published publisher: Wiley-Blackwell publist_id: '4334' quality_controlled: '1' scopus_import: '1' status: public title: Localization of the neuromedin K receptor (NK3) in the central nervous system of the rat type: journal_article user_id: ea97e931-d5af-11eb-85d4-e6957dddbf17 volume: 364 year: '1996' ... --- _id: '2565' abstract: - lang: eng text: Immunoreactivity for the metabotropic glutamate receptor 7 (mGluR7) and that for phosphate-activated glutaminase (PAG) were examined in the trigeminal (TG), dorsal root (DRG), nodose (NG), superior cervical, celiac, and pelvic ganglia of the rat. Virtually all neuronal cell bodies showed mGluR7-like immunoreactivity (mGluR7-LI) in these ganglia. On the other hand, PAG-like immunoreactivity (PAG) was seen in almost all neuronal cell bodies in the TG, DRG and NG, but not in the other ganglia. Co-existence of mGluR7- and PAG-LI in the TG, DRG and NG was confirmed by a double-immunofluorescence immunohistochemical method. The results indicate that virtually all sensory ganglion neurons are glutamatergic and equipped with mGluR7. acknowledgement: The authors are grateful for the support of Dr. Kajitaro Morita and photographic help of Mr. Akira Uesugi. This work was supported in part by Grant-in-Aid from the Ministry of Education, Science and Culture of Japan. article_processing_charge: No article_type: original author: - first_name: Jin full_name: Li, Jin last_name: Li - first_name: Hitoshi full_name: Ohishi, Hitoshi last_name: Ohishi - first_name: Takeshi full_name: Kaneko, Takeshi last_name: Kaneko - first_name: Ryuichi full_name: Shigemoto, Ryuichi id: 499F3ABC-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 last_name: Shigemoto orcid: 0000-0001-8761-9444 - first_name: Akio full_name: Neki, Akio last_name: Neki - first_name: Shigetada full_name: Nakanishi, Shigetada last_name: Nakanishi - first_name: Noboru full_name: Mizuno, Noboru last_name: Mizuno citation: ama: Li J, Ohishi H, Kaneko T, et al. Immunohistochemical localization of a metabotropic glutamate receptor, mGluR7, in ganglion neurons of the rat; with special reference to the presence in glutamatergic ganglion neurons. Neuroscience Letters. 1996;204(1-2):9-12. doi:10.1016/0304-3940(95)12299-0 apa: Li, J., Ohishi, H., Kaneko, T., Shigemoto, R., Neki, A., Nakanishi, S., & Mizuno, N. (1996). Immunohistochemical localization of a metabotropic glutamate receptor, mGluR7, in ganglion neurons of the rat; with special reference to the presence in glutamatergic ganglion neurons. Neuroscience Letters. Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-3940(95)12299-0 chicago: Li, Jin, Hitoshi Ohishi, Takeshi Kaneko, Ryuichi Shigemoto, Akio Neki, Shigetada Nakanishi, and Noboru Mizuno. “Immunohistochemical Localization of a Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor, MGluR7, in Ganglion Neurons of the Rat; with Special Reference to the Presence in Glutamatergic Ganglion Neurons.” Neuroscience Letters. Elsevier, 1996. https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-3940(95)12299-0. ieee: J. Li et al., “Immunohistochemical localization of a metabotropic glutamate receptor, mGluR7, in ganglion neurons of the rat; with special reference to the presence in glutamatergic ganglion neurons,” Neuroscience Letters, vol. 204, no. 1–2. Elsevier, pp. 9–12, 1996. ista: Li J, Ohishi H, Kaneko T, Shigemoto R, Neki A, Nakanishi S, Mizuno N. 1996. Immunohistochemical localization of a metabotropic glutamate receptor, mGluR7, in ganglion neurons of the rat; with special reference to the presence in glutamatergic ganglion neurons. Neuroscience Letters. 204(1–2), 9–12. mla: Li, Jin, et al. “Immunohistochemical Localization of a Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor, MGluR7, in Ganglion Neurons of the Rat; with Special Reference to the Presence in Glutamatergic Ganglion Neurons.” Neuroscience Letters, vol. 204, no. 1–2, Elsevier, 1996, pp. 9–12, doi:10.1016/0304-3940(95)12299-0. short: J. Li, H. Ohishi, T. Kaneko, R. Shigemoto, A. Neki, S. Nakanishi, N. Mizuno, Neuroscience Letters 204 (1996) 9–12. date_created: 2018-12-11T11:58:25Z date_published: 1996-02-02T00:00:00Z date_updated: 2022-08-12T09:29:03Z day: '02' doi: 10.1016/0304-3940(95)12299-0 extern: '1' external_id: pmid: - '8929965 ' intvolume: ' 204' issue: 1-2 language: - iso: eng month: '02' oa_version: None page: 9 - 12 pmid: 1 publication: Neuroscience Letters publication_identifier: issn: - 0304-3940 publication_status: published publisher: Elsevier publist_id: '4333' quality_controlled: '1' scopus_import: '1' status: public title: Immunohistochemical localization of a metabotropic glutamate receptor, mGluR7, in ganglion neurons of the rat; with special reference to the presence in glutamatergic ganglion neurons type: journal_article user_id: ea97e931-d5af-11eb-85d4-e6957dddbf17 volume: 204 year: '1996' ... --- _id: '2566' abstract: - lang: eng text: The present study indicated presynaptic localization of a metabotropic glutamate receptor, mGluR8, in projection neurons of the main olfactory bulb of rat. An antibody was produced by using a peptide corresponding to C-terminal 23 amino acids of mouse mGluR8. It was confirmed that the C-terminal 23 amino acids of rat mGluR8 were the same as those of mouse mGluR8 except for one, and that the antibody specifically recognized mGluR8 in the rat rhinencephalon. In layer Ia of the piriform cortex (a target area of projection fibers from the main olfactory bulb), mGluR8-like immunoreactivity (mGluR8-LI) was reduced after transection of the lateral olfactory tract, and mGluR8-LI was observed in axon terminals which were filled with round synaptic vesicles and made asymmetric synapses with dendritic spines. acknowledgement: 'We are grateful to Mr. Akira Uesugi for photographic help, and to Dr. Toshikazu Fukui, Dainippon Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd. [k)r technical assistance. ' article_processing_charge: No article_type: original author: - first_name: Ayae full_name: Kinoshita, Ayae last_name: Kinoshita - first_name: Hitoshi full_name: Ohishi, Hitoshi last_name: Ohishi - first_name: Akio full_name: Neki, Akio last_name: Neki - first_name: Sakashi full_name: Nomura, Sakashi last_name: Nomura - first_name: Ryuichi full_name: Shigemoto, Ryuichi id: 499F3ABC-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 last_name: Shigemoto orcid: 0000-0001-8761-9444 - first_name: Masahiko full_name: Takada, Masahiko last_name: Takada - first_name: Shigetada full_name: Nakanishi, Shigetada last_name: Nakanishi - first_name: Noboru full_name: Mizuno, Noboru last_name: Mizuno citation: ama: 'Kinoshita A, Ohishi H, Neki A, et al. Presynaptic localization of a metabotropic glutamate receptor, mGluR8, in the rhinencephalic areas: A light and electron microscope study in the rat. Neuroscience Letters. 1996;207(1):61-64. doi:10.1016/0304-3940(96)12489-7' apa: 'Kinoshita, A., Ohishi, H., Neki, A., Nomura, S., Shigemoto, R., Takada, M., … Mizuno, N. (1996). Presynaptic localization of a metabotropic glutamate receptor, mGluR8, in the rhinencephalic areas: A light and electron microscope study in the rat. Neuroscience Letters. Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-3940(96)12489-7' chicago: 'Kinoshita, Ayae, Hitoshi Ohishi, Akio Neki, Sakashi Nomura, Ryuichi Shigemoto, Masahiko Takada, Shigetada Nakanishi, and Noboru Mizuno. “Presynaptic Localization of a Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor, MGluR8, in the Rhinencephalic Areas: A Light and Electron Microscope Study in the Rat.” Neuroscience Letters. Elsevier, 1996. https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-3940(96)12489-7.' ieee: 'A. Kinoshita et al., “Presynaptic localization of a metabotropic glutamate receptor, mGluR8, in the rhinencephalic areas: A light and electron microscope study in the rat,” Neuroscience Letters, vol. 207, no. 1. Elsevier, pp. 61–64, 1996.' ista: 'Kinoshita A, Ohishi H, Neki A, Nomura S, Shigemoto R, Takada M, Nakanishi S, Mizuno N. 1996. Presynaptic localization of a metabotropic glutamate receptor, mGluR8, in the rhinencephalic areas: A light and electron microscope study in the rat. Neuroscience Letters. 207(1), 61–64.' mla: 'Kinoshita, Ayae, et al. “Presynaptic Localization of a Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor, MGluR8, in the Rhinencephalic Areas: A Light and Electron Microscope Study in the Rat.” Neuroscience Letters, vol. 207, no. 1, Elsevier, 1996, pp. 61–64, doi:10.1016/0304-3940(96)12489-7.' short: A. Kinoshita, H. Ohishi, A. Neki, S. Nomura, R. Shigemoto, M. Takada, S. Nakanishi, N. Mizuno, Neuroscience Letters 207 (1996) 61–64. date_created: 2018-12-11T11:58:25Z date_published: 1996-03-22T00:00:00Z date_updated: 2022-08-12T09:24:06Z day: '22' doi: 10.1016/0304-3940(96)12489-7 extern: '1' external_id: pmid: - '8710211 ' intvolume: ' 207' issue: '1' language: - iso: eng month: '03' oa_version: None page: 61 - 64 pmid: 1 publication: Neuroscience Letters publication_identifier: issn: - 0304-3940 publication_status: published publisher: Elsevier publist_id: '4332' quality_controlled: '1' scopus_import: '1' status: public title: 'Presynaptic localization of a metabotropic glutamate receptor, mGluR8, in the rhinencephalic areas: A light and electron microscope study in the rat' type: journal_article user_id: ea97e931-d5af-11eb-85d4-e6957dddbf17 volume: 207 year: '1996' ... --- _id: '2567' abstract: - lang: eng text: Trigeminothalamic and spinothalamic-tact neurons provided with substance P receptor (SPR) were examined in the rat by SPR immunofluorescence histochemistry combined with Fluoro-Gold (FG) fluorescent retrograde labeling. After FG injection in the thalamic regions, FG-labeled cells with SPR-like immunoreactivity were seen mainly in laminae I and m of the medullary and spinal dorsal horns and lateral spinal nucleus. In these regions, about one-fourth to one-third of FG-labeled cells showed SPR-like immunoreactivity. acknowledgement: "The authors are grateful for support of Dr. Kajitaro Morita in the Morita Clinic of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics at Kadoma, Osaka, and for photographic help of Mr. Akira Uesugi. This work was supported in part by Grants-in-Aid from the Ministry of Education, Science and Culture of Japan. \r\n" article_processing_charge: No article_type: original author: - first_name: Jin full_name: Li, Jin last_name: Li - first_name: Yu full_name: Ding, Yu last_name: Ding - first_name: Ryuichi full_name: Shigemoto, Ryuichi id: 499F3ABC-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 last_name: Shigemoto orcid: 0000-0001-8761-9444 - first_name: Noboru full_name: Mizuno, Noboru last_name: Mizuno citation: ama: Li J, Ding Y, Shigemoto R, Mizuno N. Distribution of trigeminothalamic and spinothalamic-tract neurons showing substance P receptor-like immunoreactivity in the rat. Brain Research. 1996;719(1-2):207-212. doi:10.1016/0006-8993(96)00064-9 apa: Li, J., Ding, Y., Shigemoto, R., & Mizuno, N. (1996). Distribution of trigeminothalamic and spinothalamic-tract neurons showing substance P receptor-like immunoreactivity in the rat. Brain Research. Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/0006-8993(96)00064-9 chicago: Li, Jin, Yu Ding, Ryuichi Shigemoto, and Noboru Mizuno. “Distribution of Trigeminothalamic and Spinothalamic-Tract Neurons Showing Substance P Receptor-like Immunoreactivity in the Rat.” Brain Research. Elsevier, 1996. https://doi.org/10.1016/0006-8993(96)00064-9. ieee: J. Li, Y. Ding, R. Shigemoto, and N. Mizuno, “Distribution of trigeminothalamic and spinothalamic-tract neurons showing substance P receptor-like immunoreactivity in the rat,” Brain Research, vol. 719, no. 1–2. Elsevier, pp. 207–212, 1996. ista: Li J, Ding Y, Shigemoto R, Mizuno N. 1996. Distribution of trigeminothalamic and spinothalamic-tract neurons showing substance P receptor-like immunoreactivity in the rat. Brain Research. 719(1–2), 207–212. mla: Li, Jin, et al. “Distribution of Trigeminothalamic and Spinothalamic-Tract Neurons Showing Substance P Receptor-like Immunoreactivity in the Rat.” Brain Research, vol. 719, no. 1–2, Elsevier, 1996, pp. 207–12, doi:10.1016/0006-8993(96)00064-9. short: J. Li, Y. Ding, R. Shigemoto, N. Mizuno, Brain Research 719 (1996) 207–212. date_created: 2018-12-11T11:58:26Z date_published: 1996-05-06T00:00:00Z date_updated: 2022-08-12T08:25:35Z day: '06' doi: 10.1016/0006-8993(96)00064-9 extern: '1' external_id: pmid: - '8782883 ' intvolume: ' 719' issue: 1-2 language: - iso: eng month: '05' oa_version: None page: 207 - 212 pmid: 1 publication: Brain Research publication_identifier: issn: - 0006-8993 publication_status: published publisher: Elsevier publist_id: '4330' quality_controlled: '1' scopus_import: '1' status: public title: Distribution of trigeminothalamic and spinothalamic-tract neurons showing substance P receptor-like immunoreactivity in the rat type: journal_article user_id: ea97e931-d5af-11eb-85d4-e6957dddbf17 volume: 719 year: '1996' ... --- _id: '2568' abstract: - lang: eng text: Localization of a metabotropic glutamate receptor, mGluR4a, was immunohistochemically examined in the rat cerebellum with an antibody, which was produced by using a synthetic peptide corresponding to a C-terminal sequence of rat mGluR4a. Marked mGluR4a-like immunoreactivity (mGluRLta-LI) was seen in neuropil of the molecular layer of the cerebellar cortex. Electron microscopically, mGluR4a-LI was observed in many axon terminals in the molecular layer. These axon terminals showing mGluR4a-LI were filled with round synaptic vesicles and were in asymmetric synaptic contacts most frequently with dendritic spines. The results indicate that mGluR4a are located presynaptically in the parallel fibers arising from the granule cells in the cerebellar cortex. acknowledgement: We are grateful to Mr. Akira Uesugi for photographic help. article_processing_charge: No article_type: original author: - first_name: Ayae full_name: Kinoshita, Ayae last_name: Kinoshita - first_name: Hitoshi full_name: Ohishi, Hitoshi last_name: Ohishi - first_name: Sakashi full_name: Nomura, Sakashi last_name: Nomura - first_name: Ryuichi full_name: Shigemoto, Ryuichi id: 499F3ABC-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 last_name: Shigemoto orcid: 0000-0001-8761-9444 - first_name: Shigetada full_name: Nakanishi, Shigetada last_name: Nakanishi - first_name: Noboru full_name: Mizuno, Noboru last_name: Mizuno citation: ama: 'Kinoshita A, Ohishi H, Nomura S, Shigemoto R, Nakanishi S, Mizuno N. Presynaptic localization of a metabotropic glutamate receptor, mGluR4a, in the cerebellar cortex: A light and electron microscope study in the rat. Neuroscience Letters. 1996;207(3):199-202. doi:10.1016/0304-3940(96)12519-2' apa: 'Kinoshita, A., Ohishi, H., Nomura, S., Shigemoto, R., Nakanishi, S., & Mizuno, N. (1996). Presynaptic localization of a metabotropic glutamate receptor, mGluR4a, in the cerebellar cortex: A light and electron microscope study in the rat. Neuroscience Letters. Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-3940(96)12519-2' chicago: 'Kinoshita, Ayae, Hitoshi Ohishi, Sakashi Nomura, Ryuichi Shigemoto, Shigetada Nakanishi, and Noboru Mizuno. “Presynaptic Localization of a Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor, MGluR4a, in the Cerebellar Cortex: A Light and Electron Microscope Study in the Rat.” Neuroscience Letters. Elsevier, 1996. https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-3940(96)12519-2.' ieee: 'A. Kinoshita, H. Ohishi, S. Nomura, R. Shigemoto, S. Nakanishi, and N. Mizuno, “Presynaptic localization of a metabotropic glutamate receptor, mGluR4a, in the cerebellar cortex: A light and electron microscope study in the rat,” Neuroscience Letters, vol. 207, no. 3. Elsevier, pp. 199–202, 1996.' ista: 'Kinoshita A, Ohishi H, Nomura S, Shigemoto R, Nakanishi S, Mizuno N. 1996. Presynaptic localization of a metabotropic glutamate receptor, mGluR4a, in the cerebellar cortex: A light and electron microscope study in the rat. Neuroscience Letters. 207(3), 199–202.' mla: 'Kinoshita, Ayae, et al. “Presynaptic Localization of a Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor, MGluR4a, in the Cerebellar Cortex: A Light and Electron Microscope Study in the Rat.” Neuroscience Letters, vol. 207, no. 3, Elsevier, 1996, pp. 199–202, doi:10.1016/0304-3940(96)12519-2.' short: A. Kinoshita, H. Ohishi, S. Nomura, R. Shigemoto, S. Nakanishi, N. Mizuno, Neuroscience Letters 207 (1996) 199–202. date_created: 2018-12-11T11:58:26Z date_published: 1996-04-05T00:00:00Z date_updated: 2022-08-12T09:06:18Z day: '05' doi: 10.1016/0304-3940(96)12519-2 extern: '1' external_id: pmid: - '8728484' intvolume: ' 207' issue: '3' language: - iso: eng month: '04' oa_version: None page: 199 - 202 pmid: 1 publication: Neuroscience Letters publication_identifier: issn: - 0304-3940 publication_status: published publisher: Elsevier publist_id: '4331' quality_controlled: '1' scopus_import: '1' status: public title: 'Presynaptic localization of a metabotropic glutamate receptor, mGluR4a, in the cerebellar cortex: A light and electron microscope study in the rat' type: journal_article user_id: ea97e931-d5af-11eb-85d4-e6957dddbf17 volume: 207 year: '1996' ... --- _id: '2569' abstract: - lang: eng text: Morphological substrates for interactions between γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and substance P upon neurons expressing substance Preceptor (SPR) in the nucleus of the solitary tract (NST) were investigated by immunocytochemical electron microscopy. In the NST of the rat, many GABA-like immunoreactive axon terminals were in symmetric synaptic contacts with dendritic profiles; they were observed on nearly a half of the SPR-like immunoreactive dendritic profiles in the medial part of the caudal half of the NST. acknowledgement: 'The authors thank Prof. Hui-Min Li for his critical reading of the manuscript and his excellent suggestions. We are also grateful to Ms. Miao-Li Zhang for her assistance in the electron microscopic technique and photography and to Mr. Akira Uesugi for photographic help. This work was supported in part by the Grant (39370240) from the National Natural Science Foundation of China. ' article_processing_charge: No article_type: original author: - first_name: Hong full_name: Jia, Hong last_name: Jia - first_name: Bai full_name: Wang, Bai last_name: Wang - first_name: Zhi full_name: Rao, Zhi last_name: Rao - first_name: Ji full_name: Shi, Ji last_name: Shi - first_name: Ryuichi full_name: Shigemoto, Ryuichi id: 499F3ABC-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 last_name: Shigemoto orcid: 0000-0001-8761-9444 - first_name: Takeshi full_name: Kaneko, Takeshi last_name: Kaneko - first_name: Noboru full_name: Mizuno, Noboru last_name: Mizuno citation: ama: 'Jia H, Wang B, Rao Z, et al. GABAergic synapses upon neurons expressing substance P receptors in the nucleus of the solitary tract: An immunocytochemical electron microscope study in the rat. Neuroscience Letters. 1996;210(1):49-52. doi:10.1016/0304-3940(96)12654-9' apa: 'Jia, H., Wang, B., Rao, Z., Shi, J., Shigemoto, R., Kaneko, T., & Mizuno, N. (1996). GABAergic synapses upon neurons expressing substance P receptors in the nucleus of the solitary tract: An immunocytochemical electron microscope study in the rat. Neuroscience Letters. Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-3940(96)12654-9' chicago: 'Jia, Hong, Bai Wang, Zhi Rao, Ji Shi, Ryuichi Shigemoto, Takeshi Kaneko, and Noboru Mizuno. “GABAergic Synapses upon Neurons Expressing Substance P Receptors in the Nucleus of the Solitary Tract: An Immunocytochemical Electron Microscope Study in the Rat.” Neuroscience Letters. Elsevier, 1996. https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-3940(96)12654-9.' ieee: 'H. Jia et al., “GABAergic synapses upon neurons expressing substance P receptors in the nucleus of the solitary tract: An immunocytochemical electron microscope study in the rat,” Neuroscience Letters, vol. 210, no. 1. Elsevier, pp. 49–52, 1996.' ista: 'Jia H, Wang B, Rao Z, Shi J, Shigemoto R, Kaneko T, Mizuno N. 1996. GABAergic synapses upon neurons expressing substance P receptors in the nucleus of the solitary tract: An immunocytochemical electron microscope study in the rat. Neuroscience Letters. 210(1), 49–52.' mla: 'Jia, Hong, et al. “GABAergic Synapses upon Neurons Expressing Substance P Receptors in the Nucleus of the Solitary Tract: An Immunocytochemical Electron Microscope Study in the Rat.” Neuroscience Letters, vol. 210, no. 1, Elsevier, 1996, pp. 49–52, doi:10.1016/0304-3940(96)12654-9.' short: H. Jia, B. Wang, Z. Rao, J. Shi, R. Shigemoto, T. Kaneko, N. Mizuno, Neuroscience Letters 210 (1996) 49–52. date_created: 2018-12-11T11:58:26Z date_published: 1996-05-24T00:00:00Z date_updated: 2022-08-12T08:18:55Z day: '24' doi: 10.1016/0304-3940(96)12654-9 extern: '1' external_id: pmid: - '8762189' intvolume: ' 210' issue: '1' language: - iso: eng month: '05' oa_version: None page: 49 - 52 pmid: 1 publication: Neuroscience Letters publication_identifier: issn: - 0304-3940 publication_status: published publisher: Elsevier publist_id: '4329' quality_controlled: '1' scopus_import: '1' status: public title: 'GABAergic synapses upon neurons expressing substance P receptors in the nucleus of the solitary tract: An immunocytochemical electron microscope study in the rat' type: journal_article user_id: ea97e931-d5af-11eb-85d4-e6957dddbf17 volume: 210 year: '1996' ... --- _id: '2570' abstract: - lang: eng text: The probability of synaptic neurotransmitter release from nerve terminals is regulated by presynaptic receptors responding to transmitters released from the same nerve terminal or from terminals of other neurons. The release of glutamate, the major excitatory neurotransmitter, is suppressed by presynaptic auto receptors. Here we show that a metabotropic glutamate receptor (mGluR7) in the rat hippocampus is restricted to the presynaptic grid, the site of synaptic vesicle fusion. Pyramidal cell terminals presynaptic to mGluR1α-expressing interneurons have at least a ten-fold higher level of presynaptic mGluR7 than terminals making synapses with pyramidal cells and other types of interneuron. Distinct levels of mGluR7 are found at different synapses made by individual pyramidal axons or even single boutons. These results raise the possibility that presynaptic neurons could regulate the probability of transmitter release at individual synapses according to the postsynaptic target acknowledgement: 'We thank E. Molnar for help in immunoblotting; A. D. Smith for comments on the manuscript; D. Latawiec fortechnical assistance; and P. Jays and F. Kennedy for photographic assistance. This work was partly supported by the Ministry of Education, Science and Culture of Japan. AK. is supported by the MHB MagyarTudomanyert Foundation and the OTKA Foundation of the Hungarian Government. ' article_processing_charge: No article_type: original author: - first_name: Ryuichi full_name: Shigemoto, Ryuichi id: 499F3ABC-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 last_name: Shigemoto orcid: 0000-0001-8761-9444 - first_name: Ákos full_name: Kulik, Ákos last_name: Kulik - first_name: John full_name: Roberts, John last_name: Roberts - first_name: Hitoshi full_name: Ohishi, Hitoshi last_name: Ohishi - first_name: Zoltán full_name: Nusser, Zoltán last_name: Nusser - first_name: Takeshi full_name: Kaneko, Takeshi last_name: Kaneko - first_name: Péter full_name: Somogyi, Péter last_name: Somogyi citation: ama: Shigemoto R, Kulik Á, Roberts J, et al. Target-cell-specific concentration of a metabotropic glutamate receptor in the presynaptic active zone. Nature. 1996;381(6582):523-525. doi:10.1038/381523a0 apa: Shigemoto, R., Kulik, Á., Roberts, J., Ohishi, H., Nusser, Z., Kaneko, T., & Somogyi, P. (1996). Target-cell-specific concentration of a metabotropic glutamate receptor in the presynaptic active zone. Nature. Nature Publishing Group. https://doi.org/10.1038/381523a0 chicago: Shigemoto, Ryuichi, Ákos Kulik, John Roberts, Hitoshi Ohishi, Zoltán Nusser, Takeshi Kaneko, and Péter Somogyi. “Target-Cell-Specific Concentration of a Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor in the Presynaptic Active Zone.” Nature. Nature Publishing Group, 1996. https://doi.org/10.1038/381523a0. ieee: R. Shigemoto et al., “Target-cell-specific concentration of a metabotropic glutamate receptor in the presynaptic active zone,” Nature, vol. 381, no. 6582. Nature Publishing Group, pp. 523–525, 1996. ista: Shigemoto R, Kulik Á, Roberts J, Ohishi H, Nusser Z, Kaneko T, Somogyi P. 1996. Target-cell-specific concentration of a metabotropic glutamate receptor in the presynaptic active zone. Nature. 381(6582), 523–525. mla: Shigemoto, Ryuichi, et al. “Target-Cell-Specific Concentration of a Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor in the Presynaptic Active Zone.” Nature, vol. 381, no. 6582, Nature Publishing Group, 1996, pp. 523–25, doi:10.1038/381523a0. short: R. Shigemoto, Á. Kulik, J. Roberts, H. Ohishi, Z. Nusser, T. Kaneko, P. Somogyi, Nature 381 (1996) 523–525. date_created: 2018-12-11T11:58:26Z date_published: 1996-06-06T00:00:00Z date_updated: 2022-08-11T14:45:35Z day: '06' doi: 10.1038/381523a0 extern: '1' external_id: pmid: - '8632825 ' intvolume: ' 381' issue: '6582' language: - iso: eng month: '06' oa_version: None page: 523 - 525 pmid: 1 publication: Nature publication_identifier: issn: - 0028-0836 publication_status: published publisher: Nature Publishing Group publist_id: '4328' quality_controlled: '1' scopus_import: '1' status: public title: Target-cell-specific concentration of a metabotropic glutamate receptor in the presynaptic active zone type: journal_article user_id: ea97e931-d5af-11eb-85d4-e6957dddbf17 volume: 381 year: '1996' ... --- _id: '2571' abstract: - lang: eng text: Subtype 2 of the metabotropic glutamate receptor (mGluR2) is expressed in the presynaptic elements of hippocampal mossy fiber-CA3 synapses. Knockout mice deficient in mGluR2 showed no histological changes and no alterations in basal synaptic transmission, paired-pulse facilitation, or tetanus-induced long-term potentiation (LTP) at the mossy fiber-CA3 synapses. Long-term depression (LTD) induced by low-frequency stimulation, however, was almost fully abolished. The mutant mice performed normally in water maze learning tasks. Thus, the presynaptic mGluR2 is essential for inducing LTD at the mossy fiber-CA3 synapses, but this hippocampal LTD does not seem to be required for spatial learning. article_processing_charge: No article_type: original author: - first_name: Mineto full_name: Yokoi, Mineto last_name: Yokoi - first_name: Kazuto full_name: Kobayashi, Kazuto last_name: Kobayashi - first_name: Toshiya full_name: Manabe, Toshiya last_name: Manabe - first_name: Tomoyuki full_name: Takahashi, Tomoyuki last_name: Takahashi - first_name: Isako full_name: Sakaguchi, Isako last_name: Sakaguchi - first_name: Goro full_name: Katsuura, Goro last_name: Katsuura - first_name: Ryuichi full_name: Shigemoto, Ryuichi id: 499F3ABC-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 last_name: Shigemoto orcid: 0000-0001-8761-9444 - first_name: Hitoshi full_name: Ohishi, Hitoshi last_name: Ohishi - first_name: Sakashi full_name: Nomura, Sakashi last_name: Nomura - first_name: Kenji full_name: Nakamura, Kenji last_name: Nakamura - first_name: Kazuki full_name: Nakao, Kazuki last_name: Nakao - first_name: Motoya full_name: Katsuki, Motoya last_name: Katsuki - first_name: Shigetada full_name: Nakanishi, Shigetada last_name: Nakanishi citation: ama: Yokoi M, Kobayashi K, Manabe T, et al. Impairment of hippocampal mossy fiber LTD in mice lacking mGluR2. Science. 1996;273:645-647. doi:10.1126/science.273.5275.645 apa: Yokoi, M., Kobayashi, K., Manabe, T., Takahashi, T., Sakaguchi, I., Katsuura, G., … Nakanishi, S. (1996). Impairment of hippocampal mossy fiber LTD in mice lacking mGluR2. Science. American Association for the Advancement of Science. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.273.5275.645 chicago: Yokoi, Mineto, Kazuto Kobayashi, Toshiya Manabe, Tomoyuki Takahashi, Isako Sakaguchi, Goro Katsuura, Ryuichi Shigemoto, et al. “Impairment of Hippocampal Mossy Fiber LTD in Mice Lacking MGluR2.” Science. American Association for the Advancement of Science, 1996. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.273.5275.645. ieee: M. Yokoi et al., “Impairment of hippocampal mossy fiber LTD in mice lacking mGluR2,” Science, vol. 273. American Association for the Advancement of Science, pp. 645–647, 1996. ista: Yokoi M, Kobayashi K, Manabe T, Takahashi T, Sakaguchi I, Katsuura G, Shigemoto R, Ohishi H, Nomura S, Nakamura K, Nakao K, Katsuki M, Nakanishi S. 1996. Impairment of hippocampal mossy fiber LTD in mice lacking mGluR2. Science. 273, 645–647. mla: Yokoi, Mineto, et al. “Impairment of Hippocampal Mossy Fiber LTD in Mice Lacking MGluR2.” Science, vol. 273, American Association for the Advancement of Science, 1996, pp. 645–47, doi:10.1126/science.273.5275.645. short: M. Yokoi, K. Kobayashi, T. Manabe, T. Takahashi, I. Sakaguchi, G. Katsuura, R. Shigemoto, H. Ohishi, S. Nomura, K. Nakamura, K. Nakao, M. Katsuki, S. Nakanishi, Science 273 (1996) 645–647. date_created: 2018-12-11T11:58:27Z date_published: 1996-08-02T00:00:00Z date_updated: 2022-08-11T13:53:55Z day: '02' doi: 10.1126/science.273.5275.645 extern: '1' external_id: pmid: - '8662555 ' intvolume: ' 273' language: - iso: eng month: '08' oa_version: None page: 645 - 647 pmid: 1 publication: Science publication_identifier: issn: - 0036-8075 publication_status: published publisher: American Association for the Advancement of Science publist_id: '4327' quality_controlled: '1' scopus_import: '1' status: public title: Impairment of hippocampal mossy fiber LTD in mice lacking mGluR2 type: journal_article user_id: ea97e931-d5af-11eb-85d4-e6957dddbf17 volume: 273 year: '1996' ... --- _id: '2572' abstract: - lang: eng text: The distribution of the mRNA for a pituitary adenylate cyclase- activating polypeptide (PACAP) receptor (PACAP-R) was examined in the rat brain, and also in the hypophysis and pineal gland, by in situ hybridization with a specific 35S-labeled riboprobe which was generated from a rat PACAP-R cDNA clone. In the brain, expression of PACAP-R mRNA was most prominent in the periglomerular and granule cells of the olfactory bulb, granule cells of the dentate gyrus, supraoptic nucleus, and area postrema. The expression was also intense in the piriform, cingulate, and retrosplenial cortices, pyramidal cells in CA2, non-pyramidal cells in CA1- CA3, neuronal cells in the hilus of the dentate gyrus, lateral septal nucleus, intercalated amygdaloid nucleus, anterodorsal thalamic nucleus, most of the midline and intralaminar thalamic nuclei, many regions of the hypothalamus, dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus nerve, hypoglossal nucleus, and lateral reticular nucleus. No significant expression was detected in the mitral and tufted cells in the olfactory bulb, pyramidal cells in CA1 and CA3, posterior nuclear group of the thalamus, dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus, and Purkinje, Golgi, and granule cells in the cerebellar cortex. Moderate-to-weak expression was further observed in many other regions of the brain. In the cerebellar cortex, presumed Bergmann gila cells showed moderate expression. In the hypophysis, the expression was moderate in the anterior lobe, and weak to moderate in the posterior lobe; no significant expression was observed in the intermediate lobe. In the pineal gland, the expression was very weak, if any. Thus, the expression of PACAP-R was detected not only on neuronal cells but also on some particular glial cells. The present study has shown, for the first time, the exact site of PACAP-R expression in the brain and hypophysis. Although the functional significance of PACAP and PACAP-R in the brain still remains to be clarified, the present results are considered to provide some direction for future functional studies. acknowledgement: We are grateful for the photographic help of Mr. Akira Uesugi and helpful discussions and support of Drs. Shige- tada Nakanishi, Yukihiko Sugimoto, Atsushi Ichikawa, Masabumi Minami, Takeshi Ishihara, Jun Ogasawara, Daisuke Watanabe, Akiko Tani, Yoshihiro Yoshihara, Miwa Kawasaki, Hiroshi Aino, Nobuya Ogawa, Akiko Nishino, and Rie Hosoi. We also thank Ms. Yukiko Sakagami for secretarial assistance. This work was supported in part by a Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research from the Ministry of We are grateful for the photographic help of Mr. Akira Uesugi and helpful discussions and support of Drs. Shige- tada Nakanishi, Yukihiko Sugimoto, Atsushi Ichikawa, Masabumi Minami, Takeshi Ishihara, Jun Ogasawara, Daisuke Watanabe, Akiko Tani, Yoshihiro Yoshihara, Miwa Kawasaki, Hiroshi Aino, Nobuya Ogawa, Akiko Nishino, and Rie Hosoi. We also thank Ms. Yukiko Sakagami for secretarial assistance. This work was supported in part by a Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research from the Ministry of We are grateful for the photographic help of Mr. Akira Uesugi and helpful discussions and support of Drs. Shige- tada Nakanishi, Yukihiko Sugimoto, Atsushi Ichikawa, Masabumi Minami, Takeshi Ishihara, Jun Ogasawara, Daisuke Watanabe, Akiko Tani, Yoshihiro Yoshihara, Miwa Kawasaki, Hiroshi Aino, Nobuya Ogawa, Akiko Nishino, and Rie Hosoi. We also thank Ms. Yukiko Sakagami for secretarial assistance. This work was supported in part by a Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research from the Ministry of Education, Science and Culture of Japan and by grants from Uehara Memorial Foundation and Ono Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd article_processing_charge: No article_type: original author: - first_name: Hitoshi full_name: Hashimoto, Hitoshi last_name: Hashimoto - first_name: Hiroyuki full_name: Nogi, Hiroyuki last_name: Nogi - first_name: Kensaku full_name: Mori, Kensaku last_name: Mori - first_name: Hitoshi full_name: Ohishi, Hitoshi last_name: Ohishi - first_name: Ryuichi full_name: Shigemoto, Ryuichi id: 499F3ABC-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 last_name: Shigemoto orcid: 0000-0001-8761-9444 - first_name: Kyohei full_name: Yamamoto, Kyohei last_name: Yamamoto - first_name: Toshio full_name: Matsuda, Toshio last_name: Matsuda - first_name: Noboru full_name: Mizuno, Noboru last_name: Mizuno - first_name: Shigekazu full_name: Nagata, Shigekazu last_name: Nagata - first_name: Akemichi full_name: Baba, Akemichi last_name: Baba citation: ama: 'Hashimoto H, Nogi H, Mori K, et al. Distribution of the mRNA for a pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide receptor in the rat brain: An in situ hybridization study. Journal of Comparative Neurology. 1996;371(4):567-577. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1096-9861(19960805)371:4&lt;567::AID-CNE6&gt;3.3.CO;2-M' apa: 'Hashimoto, H., Nogi, H., Mori, K., Ohishi, H., Shigemoto, R., Yamamoto, K., … Baba, A. (1996). Distribution of the mRNA for a pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide receptor in the rat brain: An in situ hybridization study. Journal of Comparative Neurology. Wiley-Blackwell. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1096-9861(19960805)371:4&lt;567::AID-CNE6&gt;3.3.CO;2-M' chicago: 'Hashimoto, Hitoshi, Hiroyuki Nogi, Kensaku Mori, Hitoshi Ohishi, Ryuichi Shigemoto, Kyohei Yamamoto, Toshio Matsuda, Noboru Mizuno, Shigekazu Nagata, and Akemichi Baba. “Distribution of the MRNA for a Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide Receptor in the Rat Brain: An in Situ Hybridization Study.” Journal of Comparative Neurology. Wiley-Blackwell, 1996. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1096-9861(19960805)371:4&lt;567::AID-CNE6&gt;3.3.CO;2-M.' ieee: 'H. Hashimoto et al., “Distribution of the mRNA for a pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide receptor in the rat brain: An in situ hybridization study,” Journal of Comparative Neurology, vol. 371, no. 4. Wiley-Blackwell, pp. 567–577, 1996.' ista: 'Hashimoto H, Nogi H, Mori K, Ohishi H, Shigemoto R, Yamamoto K, Matsuda T, Mizuno N, Nagata S, Baba A. 1996. Distribution of the mRNA for a pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide receptor in the rat brain: An in situ hybridization study. Journal of Comparative Neurology. 371(4), 567–577.' mla: 'Hashimoto, Hitoshi, et al. “Distribution of the MRNA for a Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide Receptor in the Rat Brain: An in Situ Hybridization Study.” Journal of Comparative Neurology, vol. 371, no. 4, Wiley-Blackwell, 1996, pp. 567–77, doi:10.1002/(SICI)1096-9861(19960805)371:4&lt;567::AID-CNE6&gt;3.3.CO;2-M.' short: H. Hashimoto, H. Nogi, K. Mori, H. Ohishi, R. Shigemoto, K. Yamamoto, T. Matsuda, N. Mizuno, S. Nagata, A. Baba, Journal of Comparative Neurology 371 (1996) 567–577. date_created: 2018-12-11T11:58:27Z date_published: 1996-08-05T00:00:00Z date_updated: 2022-08-11T13:20:31Z day: '05' doi: 10.1002/(SICI)1096-9861(19960805)371:4<567::AID-CNE6>3.3.CO;2-M extern: '1' external_id: pmid: - '8841910' intvolume: ' 371' issue: '4' language: - iso: eng month: '08' oa_version: None page: 567 - 577 pmid: 1 publication: Journal of Comparative Neurology publication_identifier: issn: - 0021-9967 publication_status: published publisher: Wiley-Blackwell publist_id: '4326' quality_controlled: '1' scopus_import: '1' status: public title: 'Distribution of the mRNA for a pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide receptor in the rat brain: An in situ hybridization study' type: journal_article user_id: ea97e931-d5af-11eb-85d4-e6957dddbf17 volume: 371 year: '1996' ... --- _id: '2573' abstract: - lang: eng text: Developmental changes of the distribution pattern of substance P receptor (SPR) were investigated immunohistochemically in the rat striatum. The SPR immunoreactivity in the striatum first emerged at postnatal day 1 and transiently showed a patchy pattern of distribution until it displayed the adult pattern of homogeneous distribution by the end of the third postnatal week. The SPR-immunoreactive patches were most marked in the medial and dorsolateral parts of the striatum, as well as in the subcallosal streak. They matched tyrosine hydroxylase-enriched areas and, conversely, avoided calbindin-enriched zones. No neurons within the SPR-immunoreactive patches contained either choline acetyltransferase or somatostatin, which is known to be contained in intrinsic neurons in the striatum. The vast majority of SPR-immunoreactive patch neurons also contained DARPP-32, a phosphoprotein that is expressed in striatal projection neurons with D1 dopamine receptor. The results indicate that SPR-immunoreactive patches which appear transiently in the developing striatum are in register with the striatal patch compartment, and that SPR immunoreactivity within these patches may be expressed on projection neurons rather than intrinsic neurons. Such SPR immunoreactivity in projection neurons in striatal patches may fade out in adulthood. acknowledgement: "We thank Mr. Akira Uesugi and Ms. Miao-Li Zhang for their photographic help. We are also grateful for the support of Dr. Kajitaro Morita in the Morita Clinic of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics at Kadoma, Osaka, Japan, and for the support of Drs. Satoru Fukuchi, Ritsu Hayashi, Sozaburo Hayashi, Mizuho Katsurada, Yutaka Kitani, Keiko Kumagai, Toshihiko Kuroda., Hiroshi Matsubara, Hiroshi Matsushita, Chisato Minakuchi, Gonpei Niwa, Hajime Oda, Masahiko Ohbayashi, Sei-ichi Ohbayashi, Hiroyasu Ohtsuka, Shigeo Tamaki, Eizo Watanabe, Kazuo Yoshino, and Toshiaki Yoshino. This work was supported in part by Grants-in-Aid for Special Research on Priority Areas 05267104, Scientific Research (B) \r\n5454658, and Scientific Research (C) 05680658 and 06680735 from the Ministry of Education, Science and Culture of Japan." article_processing_charge: No article_type: original author: - first_name: Hironobu full_name: Tokuno, Hironobu last_name: Tokuno - first_name: Masahiko full_name: Takada, Masahiko last_name: Takada - first_name: Takeshi full_name: Kaneko, Takeshi last_name: Kaneko - first_name: Ryuichi full_name: Shigemoto, Ryuichi id: 499F3ABC-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 last_name: Shigemoto orcid: 0000-0001-8761-9444 - first_name: Noboru full_name: Mizuno, Noboru last_name: Mizuno citation: ama: Tokuno H, Takada M, Kaneko T, Shigemoto R, Mizuno N. Patchy distribution of substance P receptor immunoreactivity in the developing rat striatum. Developmental Brain Research. 1996;95(1):107-117. doi:10.1016/0165-3806(96)00080-6 apa: Tokuno, H., Takada, M., Kaneko, T., Shigemoto, R., & Mizuno, N. (1996). Patchy distribution of substance P receptor immunoreactivity in the developing rat striatum. Developmental Brain Research. Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/0165-3806(96)00080-6 chicago: Tokuno, Hironobu, Masahiko Takada, Takeshi Kaneko, Ryuichi Shigemoto, and Noboru Mizuno. “Patchy Distribution of Substance P Receptor Immunoreactivity in the Developing Rat Striatum.” Developmental Brain Research. Elsevier, 1996. https://doi.org/10.1016/0165-3806(96)00080-6. ieee: H. Tokuno, M. Takada, T. Kaneko, R. Shigemoto, and N. Mizuno, “Patchy distribution of substance P receptor immunoreactivity in the developing rat striatum,” Developmental Brain Research, vol. 95, no. 1. Elsevier, pp. 107–117, 1996. ista: Tokuno H, Takada M, Kaneko T, Shigemoto R, Mizuno N. 1996. Patchy distribution of substance P receptor immunoreactivity in the developing rat striatum. Developmental Brain Research. 95(1), 107–117. mla: Tokuno, Hironobu, et al. “Patchy Distribution of Substance P Receptor Immunoreactivity in the Developing Rat Striatum.” Developmental Brain Research, vol. 95, no. 1, Elsevier, 1996, pp. 107–17, doi:10.1016/0165-3806(96)00080-6. short: H. Tokuno, M. Takada, T. Kaneko, R. Shigemoto, N. Mizuno, Developmental Brain Research 95 (1996) 107–117. date_created: 2018-12-11T11:58:28Z date_published: 1996-08-20T00:00:00Z date_updated: 2022-08-11T12:07:34Z day: '20' doi: 10.1016/0165-3806(96)00080-6 extern: '1' external_id: pmid: - '8873981 ' intvolume: ' 95' issue: '1' language: - iso: eng month: '08' oa_version: None page: 107 - 117 pmid: 1 publication: Developmental Brain Research publication_identifier: issn: - 0165-3806 publication_status: published publisher: Elsevier publist_id: '4325' quality_controlled: '1' scopus_import: '1' status: public title: Patchy distribution of substance P receptor immunoreactivity in the developing rat striatum type: journal_article user_id: ea97e931-d5af-11eb-85d4-e6957dddbf17 volume: 95 year: '1996' ... --- _id: '2574' abstract: - lang: eng text: lonotropic and metabotropic (mGluR1a) glutamate receptors were reported to be segregated from each other within the postsynaptic membrane at individual synapses. In order to establish whether this pattern of distribution applies to the hippocampal principal cells and to other postsynaptic metabotropic glutamate receptors, the mGluR1a/b/c and mGluR5 subtypes were localized by immunocytochemistry. Principal cells in all hippocampal fields were reactive for mGluR5, the strata oriens and radiatum of the CA1 area being most strongly immunolabelled. Labelling for mGluR1b/c was strongest on some pyramids in the CA3 area, weaker on granule cells and absent on CA1 pyramids. Subpopulations of non-principal cells showed strong mGluR1 or mGluR5 immunoreactivity. Electron microscopic pre-embedding immunoperoxidase and both pre- and postembedding immunogold methods consistently revealed the extrasynaptic location of both mGluRs in the somatic and dendritic membrane of pyramidal and granule cells. The density of immunolabelling was highest on dendritic spines. At synapses, immunoparticles for both mGluR1 and mGluR5 were found always outside the postsynaptic membrane specializations. Receptors were particularly concentrated in a perisynaptic annulus around type 1 synaptic junctions, including the invaginations at 'perforated' synapses. Measurements of immunolabelling on dendritic spines showed decreasing levels of receptor as a function of distance from the edge of the synaptic specialization. We propose that glutamatergic synapses with an irregular edge develop in order to increase the circumference of synaptic junctions leading to an increase in the metabotropic to ionotropic glutamate receptor ratio at glutamate release sites. The perisynaptic position of postsynaptic metabotropic glutamate receptors appears to be a general feature of glutamatergic synaptic organization and may apply to other G-protein-coupled receptors. © European Neuroscience Association. article_processing_charge: No article_type: original author: - first_name: Rafael full_name: Luján, Rafael last_name: Luján - first_name: Zoltán full_name: Nusser, Zoltán last_name: Nusser - first_name: John full_name: Roberts, John last_name: Roberts - first_name: Ryuichi full_name: Shigemoto, Ryuichi id: 499F3ABC-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 last_name: Shigemoto orcid: 0000-0001-8761-9444 - first_name: Péter full_name: Somogyi, Péter last_name: Somogyi citation: ama: Luján R, Nusser Z, Roberts J, Shigemoto R, Somogyi P. Perisynaptic location of metabotropic glutamate receptors mGluR1 and mGluR5 on dendrites and dendritic spines in the rat hippocampus. European Journal of Neuroscience. 1996;8(7):1488-1500. doi:10.1111/j.1460-9568.1996.tb01611.x apa: Luján, R., Nusser, Z., Roberts, J., Shigemoto, R., & Somogyi, P. (1996). Perisynaptic location of metabotropic glutamate receptors mGluR1 and mGluR5 on dendrites and dendritic spines in the rat hippocampus. European Journal of Neuroscience. Wiley-Blackwell. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-9568.1996.tb01611.x chicago: Luján, Rafael, Zoltán Nusser, John Roberts, Ryuichi Shigemoto, and Péter Somogyi. “ Perisynaptic Location of Metabotropic Glutamate Receptors MGluR1 and MGluR5 on Dendrites and Dendritic Spines in the Rat Hippocampus.” European Journal of Neuroscience. Wiley-Blackwell, 1996. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-9568.1996.tb01611.x. ieee: R. Luján, Z. Nusser, J. Roberts, R. Shigemoto, and P. Somogyi, “ Perisynaptic location of metabotropic glutamate receptors mGluR1 and mGluR5 on dendrites and dendritic spines in the rat hippocampus,” European Journal of Neuroscience, vol. 8, no. 7. Wiley-Blackwell, pp. 1488–1500, 1996. ista: Luján R, Nusser Z, Roberts J, Shigemoto R, Somogyi P. 1996. Perisynaptic location of metabotropic glutamate receptors mGluR1 and mGluR5 on dendrites and dendritic spines in the rat hippocampus. European Journal of Neuroscience. 8(7), 1488–1500. mla: Luján, Rafael, et al. “ Perisynaptic Location of Metabotropic Glutamate Receptors MGluR1 and MGluR5 on Dendrites and Dendritic Spines in the Rat Hippocampus.” European Journal of Neuroscience, vol. 8, no. 7, Wiley-Blackwell, 1996, pp. 1488–500, doi:10.1111/j.1460-9568.1996.tb01611.x. short: R. Luján, Z. Nusser, J. Roberts, R. Shigemoto, P. Somogyi, European Journal of Neuroscience 8 (1996) 1488–1500. date_created: 2018-12-11T11:58:28Z date_published: 1996-07-01T00:00:00Z date_updated: 2022-08-11T11:57:08Z day: '01' doi: 10.1111/j.1460-9568.1996.tb01611.x extern: '1' external_id: pmid: - '8758956 ' intvolume: ' 8' issue: '7' language: - iso: eng month: '07' oa_version: None page: 1488 - 1500 pmid: 1 publication: European Journal of Neuroscience publication_identifier: issn: - 0953-816X publication_status: published publisher: Wiley-Blackwell publist_id: '4324' quality_controlled: '1' scopus_import: '1' status: public title: ' Perisynaptic location of metabotropic glutamate receptors mGluR1 and mGluR5 on dendrites and dendritic spines in the rat hippocampus' type: journal_article user_id: ea97e931-d5af-11eb-85d4-e6957dddbf17 volume: 8 year: '1996' ... --- _id: '2725' abstract: - lang: eng text: We prove that the two dimensional free magnetic Schrödinger operator, with a fixed constant magnetic field and Dirichlet boundary conditions on a planar domain with a given area, attains its smallest possible eigenvalue if the domain is a disk. We also give some rough bounds on the lowest magnetic eigenvalue of the disk. author: - first_name: László full_name: László Erdös id: 4DBD5372-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 last_name: Erdös orcid: 0000-0001-5366-9603 citation: ama: Erdös L. Rayleigh-type isoperimetric inequality with a homogeneous magnetic field. Calculus of Variations and Partial Differential Equations. 1996;4(3):283-292. doi:10.1007/BF01254348 apa: Erdös, L. (1996). Rayleigh-type isoperimetric inequality with a homogeneous magnetic field. Calculus of Variations and Partial Differential Equations. Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01254348 chicago: Erdös, László. “Rayleigh-Type Isoperimetric Inequality with a Homogeneous Magnetic Field.” Calculus of Variations and Partial Differential Equations. Springer, 1996. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01254348. ieee: L. Erdös, “Rayleigh-type isoperimetric inequality with a homogeneous magnetic field,” Calculus of Variations and Partial Differential Equations, vol. 4, no. 3. Springer, pp. 283–292, 1996. ista: Erdös L. 1996. Rayleigh-type isoperimetric inequality with a homogeneous magnetic field. Calculus of Variations and Partial Differential Equations. 4(3), 283–292. mla: Erdös, László. “Rayleigh-Type Isoperimetric Inequality with a Homogeneous Magnetic Field.” Calculus of Variations and Partial Differential Equations, vol. 4, no. 3, Springer, 1996, pp. 283–92, doi:10.1007/BF01254348. short: L. Erdös, Calculus of Variations and Partial Differential Equations 4 (1996) 283–292. date_created: 2018-12-11T11:59:16Z date_published: 1996-04-01T00:00:00Z date_updated: 2021-01-12T06:59:17Z day: '01' doi: 10.1007/BF01254348 extern: 1 intvolume: ' 4' issue: '3' month: '04' page: 283 - 292 publication: Calculus of Variations and Partial Differential Equations publication_status: published publisher: Springer publist_id: '4167' quality_controlled: 0 status: public title: Rayleigh-type isoperimetric inequality with a homogeneous magnetic field type: journal_article volume: 4 year: '1996' ... --- _id: '2726' abstract: - lang: eng text: We investigate whether the eigenfunctions of the two-dimensional magnetic Schrödinger operator have a Gaussian decay of type exp(-Cx2) at infinity (the magnetic field is rotationally symmetric). We establish this decay if the energy (E) of the eigenfunction is below the bottom of the essential spectrum (B), and if the angular Fourier components of the external potential decay exponentially (real analyticity in the angle variable). We also demonstrate that almost the same decay is necessary. The behavior of C in the strong field limit and in the small (B - E) limit is also studied. acknowledgement: Partial support from the Hungarian National Foundation for Scientific Research, grant no. 1902. article_processing_charge: No article_type: original author: - first_name: László full_name: Erdös, László id: 4DBD5372-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 last_name: Erdös orcid: 0000-0001-5366-9603 citation: ama: Erdös L. Gaussian decay of the magnetic eigenfunctions. Geometric and Functional Analysis. 1996;6(2):231-248. doi:10.1007/BF02247886 apa: Erdös, L. (1996). Gaussian decay of the magnetic eigenfunctions. Geometric and Functional Analysis. Birkhäuser. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02247886 chicago: Erdös, László. “Gaussian Decay of the Magnetic Eigenfunctions.” Geometric and Functional Analysis. Birkhäuser, 1996. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02247886. ieee: L. Erdös, “Gaussian decay of the magnetic eigenfunctions,” Geometric and Functional Analysis, vol. 6, no. 2. Birkhäuser, pp. 231–248, 1996. ista: Erdös L. 1996. Gaussian decay of the magnetic eigenfunctions. Geometric and Functional Analysis. 6(2), 231–248. mla: Erdös, László. “Gaussian Decay of the Magnetic Eigenfunctions.” Geometric and Functional Analysis, vol. 6, no. 2, Birkhäuser, 1996, pp. 231–48, doi:10.1007/BF02247886. short: L. Erdös, Geometric and Functional Analysis 6 (1996) 231–248. date_created: 2018-12-11T11:59:17Z date_published: 1996-03-01T00:00:00Z date_updated: 2022-08-11T10:05:58Z day: '01' doi: 10.1007/BF02247886 extern: '1' intvolume: ' 6' issue: '2' language: - iso: eng month: '03' oa_version: None page: 231 - 248 publication: Geometric and Functional Analysis publication_identifier: issn: - 1016-443X publication_status: published publisher: Birkhäuser publist_id: '4166' quality_controlled: '1' scopus_import: '1' status: public title: Gaussian decay of the magnetic eigenfunctions type: journal_article user_id: ea97e931-d5af-11eb-85d4-e6957dddbf17 volume: 6 year: '1996' ... --- _id: '11761' abstract: - lang: eng text: We prove that in an undirected graph there are at most O(n²) cuts of size strictly less than of the size of the minimum cut. article_processing_charge: No article_type: original author: - first_name: Monika H full_name: Henzinger, Monika H id: 540c9bbd-f2de-11ec-812d-d04a5be85630 last_name: Henzinger orcid: 0000-0002-5008-6530 - first_name: David P. full_name: Williamson, David P. last_name: Williamson citation: ama: Henzinger MH, Williamson DP. On the number of small cuts in a graph. Information Processing Letters. 1996;59(1):41-44. doi:10.1016/0020-0190(96)00079-8 apa: Henzinger, M. H., & Williamson, D. P. (1996). On the number of small cuts in a graph. Information Processing Letters. Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/0020-0190(96)00079-8 chicago: Henzinger, Monika H, and David P. Williamson. “On the Number of Small Cuts in a Graph.” Information Processing Letters. Elsevier, 1996. https://doi.org/10.1016/0020-0190(96)00079-8. ieee: M. H. Henzinger and D. P. Williamson, “On the number of small cuts in a graph,” Information Processing Letters, vol. 59, no. 1. Elsevier, pp. 41–44, 1996. ista: Henzinger MH, Williamson DP. 1996. On the number of small cuts in a graph. Information Processing Letters. 59(1), 41–44. mla: Henzinger, Monika H., and David P. Williamson. “On the Number of Small Cuts in a Graph.” Information Processing Letters, vol. 59, no. 1, Elsevier, 1996, pp. 41–44, doi:10.1016/0020-0190(96)00079-8. short: M.H. Henzinger, D.P. Williamson, Information Processing Letters 59 (1996) 41–44. date_created: 2022-08-08T11:49:48Z date_published: 1996-07-08T00:00:00Z date_updated: 2022-09-12T09:39:51Z day: '08' doi: 10.1016/0020-0190(96)00079-8 extern: '1' intvolume: ' 59' issue: '1' language: - iso: eng month: '07' oa_version: None page: 41-44 publication: Information Processing Letters publication_identifier: issn: - 0020-0190 publication_status: published publisher: Elsevier quality_controlled: '1' scopus_import: '1' status: public title: On the number of small cuts in a graph type: journal_article user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 volume: 59 year: '1996' ...