---
_id: '4147'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: We have developed a protocol to perform a genetic screen for zygotic mutations
    affecting embryogenesis on the protochordate Ciona intestinalis. The choice of
    this taxon, whose phylogenetic position places it at the basis of the chordates
    as one the most primitive vertebrate relatives, could allow to address several
    evolutionary questions. The protochordates share many morphological features with
    the vertebrates, in primis the presence of a notochord. Ciona intestinalis shows
    several ideal features for a mutational analysis, such as external development
    and larvae made of a limited number of cells and cell types. Detailed cell lineage
    studies are available. The haploid genome size is comparable to the size of the
    Drosophila haploid genome. We have optimised conditions for chemical mutagenesis
    studying the efficiency at which different concentration of N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea
    (ENU) can induce mutations. Because the adult Ciona are hermaphrodites, we are
    performing a one-generation screen. The induced mutations are identified by visual
    inspection of developmental stages. We report the preliminary results from our
    screen including examples of the different classes of mutant phenotypes found
    so far.
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Paolo
  full_name: Sordino, Paolo
  last_name: Sordino
- first_name: Carl-Philipp J
  full_name: Heisenberg, Carl-Philipp J
  id: 39427864-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Heisenberg
  orcid: 0000-0002-0912-4566
- first_name: Paola
  full_name: Cirino, Paola
  last_name: Cirino
- first_name: Alfonso
  full_name: Toscano, Alfonso
  last_name: Toscano
- first_name: Paola
  full_name: Giuliano, Paola
  last_name: Giuliano
- first_name: Rita
  full_name: Marino, Rita
  last_name: Marino
- first_name: Maria
  full_name: Pinto, Maria
  last_name: Pinto
- first_name: Rosaria
  full_name: De Santis, Rosaria
  last_name: De Santis
citation:
  ama: Sordino P, Heisenberg C-PJ, Cirino P, et al. A mutational approach to the study
    of development of the protochordate Ciona intestinalis (Tunicata, Chordata). <i>Sarsia</i>.
    2000;85(2):173-176. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1080/00364827.2000.10414567">10.1080/00364827.2000.10414567</a>
  apa: Sordino, P., Heisenberg, C.-P. J., Cirino, P., Toscano, A., Giuliano, P., Marino,
    R., … De Santis, R. (2000). A mutational approach to the study of development
    of the protochordate Ciona intestinalis (Tunicata, Chordata). <i>Sarsia</i>. Taylor
    &#38; Francis. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1080/00364827.2000.10414567">https://doi.org/10.1080/00364827.2000.10414567</a>
  chicago: Sordino, Paolo, Carl-Philipp J Heisenberg, Paola Cirino, Alfonso Toscano,
    Paola Giuliano, Rita Marino, Maria Pinto, and Rosaria De Santis. “A Mutational
    Approach to the Study of Development of the Protochordate Ciona Intestinalis (Tunicata,
    Chordata).” <i>Sarsia</i>. Taylor &#38; Francis, 2000. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1080/00364827.2000.10414567">https://doi.org/10.1080/00364827.2000.10414567</a>.
  ieee: P. Sordino <i>et al.</i>, “A mutational approach to the study of development
    of the protochordate Ciona intestinalis (Tunicata, Chordata),” <i>Sarsia</i>,
    vol. 85, no. 2. Taylor &#38; Francis, pp. 173–176, 2000.
  ista: Sordino P, Heisenberg C-PJ, Cirino P, Toscano A, Giuliano P, Marino R, Pinto
    M, De Santis R. 2000. A mutational approach to the study of development of the
    protochordate Ciona intestinalis (Tunicata, Chordata). Sarsia. 85(2), 173–176.
  mla: Sordino, Paolo, et al. “A Mutational Approach to the Study of Development of
    the Protochordate Ciona Intestinalis (Tunicata, Chordata).” <i>Sarsia</i>, vol.
    85, no. 2, Taylor &#38; Francis, 2000, pp. 173–76, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1080/00364827.2000.10414567">10.1080/00364827.2000.10414567</a>.
  short: P. Sordino, C.-P.J. Heisenberg, P. Cirino, A. Toscano, P. Giuliano, R. Marino,
    M. Pinto, R. De Santis, Sarsia 85 (2000) 173–176.
date_created: 2018-12-11T12:07:13Z
date_published: 2000-06-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2023-04-19T14:50:58Z
day: '01'
doi: 10.1080/00364827.2000.10414567
extern: '1'
intvolume: '        85'
issue: '2'
language:
- iso: eng
month: '06'
oa_version: None
page: 173 - 176
publication: Sarsia
publication_identifier:
  issn:
  - 0036-4827
publication_status: published
publisher: Taylor & Francis
publist_id: '1972'
quality_controlled: '1'
status: public
title: A mutational approach to the study of development of the protochordate Ciona
  intestinalis (Tunicata, Chordata)
type: journal_article
user_id: ea97e931-d5af-11eb-85d4-e6957dddbf17
volume: 85
year: '2000'
...
---
_id: '4197'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: Vertebrate gastrulation involves the specification and coordinated movement
    of large populations of cells that give rise to the ectodermal, mesodermal and
    endodermal germ layers. Although many of the genes involved in the specification
    of cell identity during this process have been identified, little is known of
    the genes that coordinate cell movement. Here we show that the zebrafish silberblick
    (slb) locus(1) encodes Wnt11 and that Slb/Wnt11 activity is required for cells
    to undergo correct convergent extension movements during gastrulation. In the
    absence of Slb/Wnt11 function, abnormal extension of axial tissue results in cyclopia
    and other midline defects in the head(2). The requirement for Slb/Wnt11 is cell
    non-autonomous, and our results indicate that the correct extension of axial tissue
    is at least partly dependent on medio-lateral cell intercalation in paraxial tissue.
    We also show that the slb phenotype is rescued by a truncated form of Dishevelled
    that does not signal through the canonical Wnt pathway(3), suggesting that, as
    in flies(4), Wnt signalling might mediate morphogenetic events through a divergent
    signal transduction cascade. Our results provide genetic and experimental evidence
    that Wnt activity in lateral tissues has a crucial role in driving the convergent
    extension movements underlying vertebrate gastrulation.
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Carl-Philipp J
  full_name: Heisenberg, Carl-Philipp J
  id: 39427864-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Heisenberg
  orcid: 0000-0002-0912-4566
- first_name: Masazumi
  full_name: Tada, Masazumi
  last_name: Tada
- first_name: Gerd
  full_name: Rauch, Gerd
  last_name: Rauch
- first_name: Leonor
  full_name: Saúde, Leonor
  last_name: Saúde
- first_name: Miguel
  full_name: Concha, Miguel
  last_name: Concha
- first_name: Robert
  full_name: Geisler, Robert
  last_name: Geisler
- first_name: Derek
  full_name: Stemple, Derek
  last_name: Stemple
- first_name: James
  full_name: Smith, James
  last_name: Smith
- first_name: Stephen
  full_name: Wilson, Stephen
  last_name: Wilson
citation:
  ama: Heisenberg C-PJ, Tada M, Rauch G, et al. Silberblick/Wnt11 mediates convergent
    extension movements during zebrafish gastrulation. <i>Nature</i>. 2000;405(6782):76-81.
    doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/35011068">10.1038/35011068</a>
  apa: Heisenberg, C.-P. J., Tada, M., Rauch, G., Saúde, L., Concha, M., Geisler,
    R., … Wilson, S. (2000). Silberblick/Wnt11 mediates convergent extension movements
    during zebrafish gastrulation. <i>Nature</i>. Nature Publishing Group. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/35011068">https://doi.org/10.1038/35011068</a>
  chicago: Heisenberg, Carl-Philipp J, Masazumi Tada, Gerd Rauch, Leonor Saúde, Miguel
    Concha, Robert Geisler, Derek Stemple, James Smith, and Stephen Wilson. “Silberblick/Wnt11
    Mediates Convergent Extension Movements during Zebrafish Gastrulation.” <i>Nature</i>.
    Nature Publishing Group, 2000. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/35011068">https://doi.org/10.1038/35011068</a>.
  ieee: C.-P. J. Heisenberg <i>et al.</i>, “Silberblick/Wnt11 mediates convergent
    extension movements during zebrafish gastrulation,” <i>Nature</i>, vol. 405, no.
    6782. Nature Publishing Group, pp. 76–81, 2000.
  ista: Heisenberg C-PJ, Tada M, Rauch G, Saúde L, Concha M, Geisler R, Stemple D,
    Smith J, Wilson S. 2000. Silberblick/Wnt11 mediates convergent extension movements
    during zebrafish gastrulation. Nature. 405(6782), 76–81.
  mla: Heisenberg, Carl-Philipp J., et al. “Silberblick/Wnt11 Mediates Convergent
    Extension Movements during Zebrafish Gastrulation.” <i>Nature</i>, vol. 405, no.
    6782, Nature Publishing Group, 2000, pp. 76–81, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/35011068">10.1038/35011068</a>.
  short: C.-P.J. Heisenberg, M. Tada, G. Rauch, L. Saúde, M. Concha, R. Geisler, D.
    Stemple, J. Smith, S. Wilson, Nature 405 (2000) 76–81.
date_created: 2018-12-11T12:07:32Z
date_published: 2000-05-04T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2023-04-19T14:40:45Z
day: '04'
doi: 10.1038/35011068
extern: '1'
external_id:
  pmid:
  - '10811221 '
intvolume: '       405'
issue: '6782'
language:
- iso: eng
month: '05'
oa_version: None
page: 76 - 81
pmid: 1
publication: Nature
publication_identifier:
  issn:
  - 0028-0836
publication_status: published
publisher: Nature Publishing Group
publist_id: '1921'
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: Silberblick/Wnt11 mediates convergent extension movements during zebrafish
  gastrulation
type: journal_article
user_id: ea97e931-d5af-11eb-85d4-e6957dddbf17
volume: 405
year: '2000'
...
---
_id: '4268'
article_processing_charge: No
author:
- first_name: Linda
  full_name: Partridge, Linda
  last_name: Partridge
- first_name: Nicholas H
  full_name: Barton, Nicholas H
  id: 4880FE40-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Barton
  orcid: 0000-0002-8548-5240
citation:
  ama: Partridge L, Barton NH. Evolving evolvability. <i>Nature</i>. 2000;407(6803):457-458.
    doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/35035173">10.1038/35035173</a>
  apa: Partridge, L., &#38; Barton, N. H. (2000). Evolving evolvability. <i>Nature</i>.
    Nature Publishing Group. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/35035173">https://doi.org/10.1038/35035173</a>
  chicago: Partridge, Linda, and Nicholas H Barton. “Evolving Evolvability.” <i>Nature</i>.
    Nature Publishing Group, 2000. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/35035173">https://doi.org/10.1038/35035173</a>.
  ieee: L. Partridge and N. H. Barton, “Evolving evolvability,” <i>Nature</i>, vol.
    407, no. 6803. Nature Publishing Group, pp. 457–458, 2000.
  ista: Partridge L, Barton NH. 2000. Evolving evolvability. Nature. 407(6803), 457–458.
  mla: Partridge, Linda, and Nicholas H. Barton. “Evolving Evolvability.” <i>Nature</i>,
    vol. 407, no. 6803, Nature Publishing Group, 2000, pp. 457–58, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/35035173">10.1038/35035173</a>.
  short: L. Partridge, N.H. Barton, Nature 407 (2000) 457–458.
date_created: 2018-12-11T12:07:57Z
date_published: 2000-09-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2023-04-19T14:37:19Z
day: '01'
doi: 10.1038/35035173
extern: '1'
intvolume: '       407'
issue: '6803'
language:
- iso: eng
month: '09'
oa_version: None
page: 457 - 458
publication: Nature
publication_identifier:
  issn:
  - 0028-0836
publication_status: published
publisher: Nature Publishing Group
publist_id: '1823'
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: Evolving evolvability
type: review
user_id: ea97e931-d5af-11eb-85d4-e6957dddbf17
volume: 407
year: '2000'
...
---
_id: '4269'
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Jerry
  full_name: Coyne, Jerry
  last_name: Coyne
- first_name: Nicholas H
  full_name: Barton, Nicholas H
  id: 4880FE40-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Barton
  orcid: 0000-0002-8548-5240
- first_name: Michael
  full_name: Turelli, Michael
  last_name: Turelli
citation:
  ama: Coyne J, Barton NH, Turelli M. Is Wright’s shifting balance process important
    in evolution? <i>Evolution; International Journal of Organic Evolution</i>. 2000;54(1):306-317.
    doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1554/0014-3820(2000)054[0306:IWSSBP]2.0.CO;2">10.1554/0014-3820(2000)054[0306:IWSSBP]2.0.CO;2</a>
  apa: Coyne, J., Barton, N. H., &#38; Turelli, M. (2000). Is Wright’s shifting balance
    process important in evolution? <i>Evolution; International Journal of Organic
    Evolution</i>. Wiley-Blackwell. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1554/0014-3820(2000)054[0306:IWSSBP]2.0.CO;2">https://doi.org/10.1554/0014-3820(2000)054[0306:IWSSBP]2.0.CO;2</a>
  chicago: Coyne, Jerry, Nicholas H Barton, and Michael Turelli. “Is Wright’s Shifting
    Balance Process Important in Evolution?” <i>Evolution; International Journal of
    Organic Evolution</i>. Wiley-Blackwell, 2000. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1554/0014-3820(2000)054[0306:IWSSBP]2.0.CO;2">https://doi.org/10.1554/0014-3820(2000)054[0306:IWSSBP]2.0.CO;2</a>.
  ieee: J. Coyne, N. H. Barton, and M. Turelli, “Is Wright’s shifting balance process
    important in evolution?,” <i>Evolution; International Journal of Organic Evolution</i>,
    vol. 54, no. 1. Wiley-Blackwell, pp. 306–317, 2000.
  ista: Coyne J, Barton NH, Turelli M. 2000. Is Wright’s shifting balance process
    important in evolution? Evolution; International Journal of Organic Evolution.
    54(1), 306–317.
  mla: Coyne, Jerry, et al. “Is Wright’s Shifting Balance Process Important in Evolution?”
    <i>Evolution; International Journal of Organic Evolution</i>, vol. 54, no. 1,
    Wiley-Blackwell, 2000, pp. 306–17, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1554/0014-3820(2000)054[0306:IWSSBP]2.0.CO;2">10.1554/0014-3820(2000)054[0306:IWSSBP]2.0.CO;2</a>.
  short: J. Coyne, N.H. Barton, M. Turelli, Evolution; International Journal of Organic
    Evolution 54 (2000) 306–317.
date_created: 2018-12-11T12:07:57Z
date_published: 2000-02-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2023-04-19T12:48:29Z
day: '01'
doi: 10.1554/0014-3820(2000)054[0306:IWSSBP]2.0.CO;2
extern: '1'
external_id:
  pmid:
  - '10937209'
intvolume: '        54'
issue: '1'
language:
- iso: eng
month: '02'
oa_version: None
page: 306 - 317
pmid: 1
publication: Evolution; International Journal of Organic Evolution
publication_identifier:
  issn:
  - 0014-3820
publication_status: published
publisher: Wiley-Blackwell
publist_id: '1821'
quality_controlled: '1'
status: public
title: Is Wright’s shifting balance process important in evolution?
type: journal_article
user_id: ea97e931-d5af-11eb-85d4-e6957dddbf17
volume: 54
year: '2000'
...
---
_id: '4270'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: 'A coalescence-based maximum-likelihood method is presented that aims to (i)
    detect diversity-reducing events in the recent history of a population and (ii)
    distinguish between demographic (e.g., bottlenecks) and selective causes (selective
    sweep) of a recent reduction of genetic variability. The former goal is achieved
    by taking account of the distortion in the shape of gene genealogies generated
    by diversity-reducing events: gene trees tend to be more star-like than under
    the standard coalescent. The latter issue is addressed by comparing patterns between
    loci: demographic events apply to the whole genome whereas selective events affect
    distinct regions of the genome to a varying extent. The maximum-likelihood approach
    allows one to estimate the time and strength of diversity-reducing events and
    to choose among competing hypotheses. An application to sequence data from an
    African population of Drosophila melanogaster shows that the bottleneck hypothesis
    is unlikely and that one or several selective sweeps probably occurred in the
    recent history of this population.'
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Nicolas
  full_name: Galtier, Nicolas
  last_name: Galtier
- first_name: Frantz
  full_name: Depaulis, Frantz
  last_name: Depaulis
- first_name: Nicholas H
  full_name: Barton, Nicholas H
  id: 4880FE40-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Barton
  orcid: 0000-0002-8548-5240
citation:
  ama: Galtier N, Depaulis F, Barton NH. Detecting bottlenecks and selective sweeps
    from DNA sequence polymorphism. <i>Genetics</i>. 2000;155(2):981-987. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1093/genetics/155.2.981">10.1093/genetics/155.2.981</a>
  apa: Galtier, N., Depaulis, F., &#38; Barton, N. H. (2000). Detecting bottlenecks
    and selective sweeps from DNA sequence polymorphism. <i>Genetics</i>. Genetics
    Society of America. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1093/genetics/155.2.981">https://doi.org/10.1093/genetics/155.2.981</a>
  chicago: Galtier, Nicolas, Frantz Depaulis, and Nicholas H Barton. “Detecting Bottlenecks
    and Selective Sweeps from DNA Sequence Polymorphism.” <i>Genetics</i>. Genetics
    Society of America, 2000. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1093/genetics/155.2.981">https://doi.org/10.1093/genetics/155.2.981</a>.
  ieee: N. Galtier, F. Depaulis, and N. H. Barton, “Detecting bottlenecks and selective
    sweeps from DNA sequence polymorphism,” <i>Genetics</i>, vol. 155, no. 2. Genetics
    Society of America, pp. 981–987, 2000.
  ista: Galtier N, Depaulis F, Barton NH. 2000. Detecting bottlenecks and selective
    sweeps from DNA sequence polymorphism. Genetics. 155(2), 981–987.
  mla: Galtier, Nicolas, et al. “Detecting Bottlenecks and Selective Sweeps from DNA
    Sequence Polymorphism.” <i>Genetics</i>, vol. 155, no. 2, Genetics Society of
    America, 2000, pp. 981–87, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1093/genetics/155.2.981">10.1093/genetics/155.2.981</a>.
  short: N. Galtier, F. Depaulis, N.H. Barton, Genetics 155 (2000) 981–987.
date_created: 2018-12-11T12:07:57Z
date_published: 2000-06-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2023-04-19T14:03:56Z
day: '01'
doi: 10.1093/genetics/155.2.981
extern: '1'
external_id:
  pmid:
  - '10835415'
intvolume: '       155'
issue: '2'
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
  url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1461106/
month: '06'
oa: 1
oa_version: None
page: 981 - 987
pmid: 1
publication: Genetics
publication_identifier:
  issn:
  - 0016-6731
publication_status: published
publisher: Genetics Society of America
publist_id: '1822'
status: public
title: Detecting bottlenecks and selective sweeps from DNA sequence polymorphism
type: journal_article
user_id: ea97e931-d5af-11eb-85d4-e6957dddbf17
volume: 155
year: '2000'
...
---
_id: '4271'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: "Within hybrid zones that are maintained by a balance between selection and
    dispersal, linkage disequilibrium is generated by the mixing of divergent populations.
    This linkage disequilibrium causes selection on each locus to act on all other
    loci, thereby steepening dines, and generating a barrier to gene flow. Diffusion
    models predict simple relations between the strength of linkage disequilibrium
    and the dispersal rate, σ, and between the barrier to gene flow, B, and the reduction
    in mean fitness, W̄. The aim of this paper is to test the accuracy of these predictions
    by comparison with an exact deterministic model of unlinked loci (r = 0.5). Disruptive
    selection acts on the proportion of alleles from the parental populations (p,
    q): W = exp[-S(4pq)(β)], such that the least fit genotype has fitness e(-S). Where
    β &lt;&lt; 1, fitness is reduced for a wide range of intermediate genotypes; where
    β &gt;&gt; 1, fitness is only reduced for those genotypes close to p = 0.5. Even
    with strong epistasis, linkage disequilibria are close to σ2p'(i)p'(j)/r(ij),
    where p'(i), p'(j) are the gradients in allele frequency at loci i, j. The barrier
    to gene flow, which is reflected in the steepening of neutral dines, is given
    by B = ∫(-∞)(∞) (W̄(1/r̄)-1) dx, where r̄, the harmonic mean recombination rate
    between the neural and selected loci, is here 0.5. This is a close approximation
    for weak selection, but underestimates B for strong selection. The barrier is
    stronger for small β, because hybrid fitness is then reduced over a wider range
    of p. The widths of the selected dines are harder to predict: though simple approximations
    are accurate for β = 1, they become inaccurate for extreme β because, then, fitness
    changes sharply with p. Estimates of gene number, made from neutral dines on the
    assumption that selection acts against heterozygotes, are accurate for weak selection
    when β = 1; however, for strong selection, gene number is overestimated. For β
    &gt; 1, gene number is systematically overestimated and, conversely, when β &lt;
    1, it is underestimated.\r\n"
acknowledgement: We are grateful to Loeske Kruuk and Michael Turelli for their helpful
  comments on the manuscript. N.B. was supported by grants GR3/11635 from the NERC
  and GR/L10048 from the EPSRC, and by the Darwin Trust of Edinburgh. M.S. was supported
  by a graduate student fellowship from the Yale Institute for Biospheric Studies.
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Nicholas H
  full_name: Barton, Nicholas H
  id: 4880FE40-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Barton
  orcid: 0000-0002-8548-5240
- first_name: Max
  full_name: Shpak, Max
  last_name: Shpak
citation:
  ama: Barton NH, Shpak M. The effects of epistasis on the structure of hybrid zones.
    <i>Genetical Research</i>. 2000;75(2):179-198. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1017/S0016672399004334">10.1017/S0016672399004334</a>
  apa: Barton, N. H., &#38; Shpak, M. (2000). The effects of epistasis on the structure
    of hybrid zones. <i>Genetical Research</i>. Cambridge University Press. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1017/S0016672399004334">https://doi.org/10.1017/S0016672399004334</a>
  chicago: Barton, Nicholas H, and Max Shpak. “The Effects of Epistasis on the Structure
    of Hybrid Zones.” <i>Genetical Research</i>. Cambridge University Press, 2000.
    <a href="https://doi.org/10.1017/S0016672399004334">https://doi.org/10.1017/S0016672399004334</a>.
  ieee: N. H. Barton and M. Shpak, “The effects of epistasis on the structure of hybrid
    zones,” <i>Genetical Research</i>, vol. 75, no. 2. Cambridge University Press,
    pp. 179–198, 2000.
  ista: Barton NH, Shpak M. 2000. The effects of epistasis on the structure of hybrid
    zones. Genetical Research. 75(2), 179–198.
  mla: Barton, Nicholas H., and Max Shpak. “The Effects of Epistasis on the Structure
    of Hybrid Zones.” <i>Genetical Research</i>, vol. 75, no. 2, Cambridge University
    Press, 2000, pp. 179–98, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1017/S0016672399004334">10.1017/S0016672399004334</a>.
  short: N.H. Barton, M. Shpak, Genetical Research 75 (2000) 179–198.
date_created: 2018-12-11T12:07:58Z
date_published: 2000-04-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2023-04-19T09:58:36Z
day: '01'
doi: 10.1017/S0016672399004334
extern: '1'
external_id:
  pmid:
  - '10816975'
intvolume: '        75'
issue: '2'
language:
- iso: eng
month: '04'
oa_version: None
page: 179 - 198
pmid: 1
publication: Genetical Research
publication_identifier:
  issn:
  - 0016-6723
publication_status: published
publisher: Cambridge University Press
publist_id: '1819'
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: The effects of epistasis on the structure of hybrid zones
type: journal_article
user_id: ea97e931-d5af-11eb-85d4-e6957dddbf17
volume: 75
year: '2000'
...
---
_id: '4272'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: 'Analysis of multilocus evolution is usually intractable for more than n ~
    10 genes, because the frequencies of very large numbers of genotypes must be followed.
    An exact analysis of up to n ~ 100 loci is feasible for a symmetrical model, in
    which a set of unlinked loci segregate for two alleles (labeled ''0'' and ''1'')
    with interchangeable effects on fitness. All haploid genotypes with the same number
    of 1 alleles can then remain equally frequent. However, such a symmetrical solution
    may be unstable: for example, under stabilizing selection, populations tend to
    fix any one genotype which approaches the optimum. Here, we show how the 2'' x
    2'' stability matrix can be decomposed into a set of matrices, each no larger
    than n x n. This allows the stability of symmetrical solutions to be determined.
    We apply the method to stabilizing and disruptive selection in a single deme and
    to selection against heterozygotes in a linear cline. (C) 2000 Academic Press.'
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Nicholas H
  full_name: Barton, Nicholas H
  id: 4880FE40-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Barton
  orcid: 0000-0002-8548-5240
- first_name: Max
  full_name: Shpak, Max
  last_name: Shpak
citation:
  ama: Barton NH, Shpak M. The stability of symmetrical solutions to polygenic models.
    <i>Theoretical Population Biology</i>. 2000;57(3):249-263. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1006/tpbi.2000.1455">10.1006/tpbi.2000.1455</a>
  apa: Barton, N. H., &#38; Shpak, M. (2000). The stability of symmetrical solutions
    to polygenic models. <i>Theoretical Population Biology</i>. Academic Press. <a
    href="https://doi.org/10.1006/tpbi.2000.1455">https://doi.org/10.1006/tpbi.2000.1455</a>
  chicago: Barton, Nicholas H, and Max Shpak. “The Stability of Symmetrical Solutions
    to Polygenic Models.” <i>Theoretical Population Biology</i>. Academic Press, 2000.
    <a href="https://doi.org/10.1006/tpbi.2000.1455">https://doi.org/10.1006/tpbi.2000.1455</a>.
  ieee: N. H. Barton and M. Shpak, “The stability of symmetrical solutions to polygenic
    models,” <i>Theoretical Population Biology</i>, vol. 57, no. 3. Academic Press,
    pp. 249–263, 2000.
  ista: Barton NH, Shpak M. 2000. The stability of symmetrical solutions to polygenic
    models. Theoretical Population Biology. 57(3), 249–263.
  mla: Barton, Nicholas H., and Max Shpak. “The Stability of Symmetrical Solutions
    to Polygenic Models.” <i>Theoretical Population Biology</i>, vol. 57, no. 3, Academic
    Press, 2000, pp. 249–63, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1006/tpbi.2000.1455">10.1006/tpbi.2000.1455</a>.
  short: N.H. Barton, M. Shpak, Theoretical Population Biology 57 (2000) 249–263.
date_created: 2018-12-11T12:07:58Z
date_published: 2000-05-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2023-04-19T12:36:39Z
day: '01'
doi: 10.1006/tpbi.2000.1455
extern: '1'
external_id:
  pmid:
  - '10828217'
intvolume: '        57'
issue: '3'
language:
- iso: eng
month: '05'
oa_version: None
page: 249 - 263
pmid: 1
publication: Theoretical Population Biology
publication_identifier:
  issn:
  - 0040-5809
publication_status: published
publisher: Academic Press
publist_id: '1820'
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: The stability of symmetrical solutions to polygenic models
type: journal_article
user_id: ea97e931-d5af-11eb-85d4-e6957dddbf17
volume: 57
year: '2000'
...
---
_id: '4273'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: We review the various factors that limit adaptation by natural selection.
    Recent discussion of constraints on selection and, conversely, of the factors
    that enhance 'evolvability', have concentrated on the kinds of variation that
    can be produced. Here, we emphasise that adaptation depends on how the various
    evolutionary processes shape variation in populations. We survey the limits that
    population genetics places on adaptive evolution, and discuss the relationship
    between disparate literatures. BioEssays 22:1075-1084, 2000. (C) 2000 John Wiley
    and Sons, Inc.
acknowledgement: We thank Brian Charlesworth, Toby Johnson, and two anonymous referees
  for helpful discussions and criticism of the manuscript.
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Nicholas H
  full_name: Barton, Nicholas H
  id: 4880FE40-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Barton
  orcid: 0000-0002-8548-5240
- first_name: Linda
  full_name: Partridge, Linda
  last_name: Partridge
citation:
  ama: Barton NH, Partridge L. Limits to natural selection. <i>BioEssays</i>. 2000;22(12):1075-1084.
    doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/1521-1878(200012)22:12&#38;lt;1075::AID-BIES5&#38;gt;3.0.CO;2-M">10.1002/1521-1878(200012)22:12&#38;lt;1075::AID-BIES5&#38;gt;3.0.CO;2-M</a>
  apa: Barton, N. H., &#38; Partridge, L. (2000). Limits to natural selection. <i>BioEssays</i>.
    Wiley-Blackwell. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/1521-1878(200012)22:12&#38;lt;1075::AID-BIES5&#38;gt;3.0.CO;2-M">https://doi.org/10.1002/1521-1878(200012)22:12&#38;lt;1075::AID-BIES5&#38;gt;3.0.CO;2-M</a>
  chicago: Barton, Nicholas H, and Linda Partridge. “Limits to Natural Selection.”
    <i>BioEssays</i>. Wiley-Blackwell, 2000. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/1521-1878(200012)22:12&#38;lt;1075::AID-BIES5&#38;gt;3.0.CO;2-M">https://doi.org/10.1002/1521-1878(200012)22:12&#38;lt;1075::AID-BIES5&#38;gt;3.0.CO;2-M</a>.
  ieee: N. H. Barton and L. Partridge, “Limits to natural selection,” <i>BioEssays</i>,
    vol. 22, no. 12. Wiley-Blackwell, pp. 1075–1084, 2000.
  ista: Barton NH, Partridge L. 2000. Limits to natural selection. BioEssays. 22(12),
    1075–1084.
  mla: Barton, Nicholas H., and Linda Partridge. “Limits to Natural Selection.” <i>BioEssays</i>,
    vol. 22, no. 12, Wiley-Blackwell, 2000, pp. 1075–84, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/1521-1878(200012)22:12&#38;lt;1075::AID-BIES5&#38;gt;3.0.CO;2-M">10.1002/1521-1878(200012)22:12&#38;lt;1075::AID-BIES5&#38;gt;3.0.CO;2-M</a>.
  short: N.H. Barton, L. Partridge, BioEssays 22 (2000) 1075–1084.
date_created: 2018-12-11T12:07:58Z
date_published: 2000-12-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2023-04-19T09:49:52Z
day: '01'
doi: 10.1002/1521-1878(200012)22:12&lt;1075::AID-BIES5&gt;3.0.CO;2-M
extern: '1'
external_id:
  pmid:
  - '11084623'
intvolume: '        22'
issue: '12'
language:
- iso: eng
month: '12'
oa_version: None
page: 1075 - 1084
pmid: 1
publication: BioEssays
publication_identifier:
  issn:
  - 0265-9247
publication_status: published
publisher: Wiley-Blackwell
publist_id: '1818'
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: Limits to natural selection
type: journal_article
user_id: ea97e931-d5af-11eb-85d4-e6957dddbf17
volume: 22
year: '2000'
...
---
_id: '4274'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: Selection on one or more genes inevitably perturbs other genes, even when
    those genes have no direct effect on fitness. This article reviews the theory
    of such genetic hitchhiking, concentrating on effects on neutral loci. Maynard
    Smith and Haigh introduced the classical case where the perturbation is due to
    a single favourable mutation. This is contrasted with the apparently distinct
    effects of inherited variation in fitness due to loosely linked loci. A model
    of fluctuating selection is analysed which bridges these alternative treatments.
    When alleles sweep between extreme frequencies at a rate λ, the rate of drift
    is increased by a factor (1 + E[1/pq]λ/(2(2λ + r))), where the recombination rate
    r is much smaller than the strength of selection. In spatially structured populations,
    the effects of any one substitution are weaker, and only cause a local increase
    in the frequency of a neutral allele. This increase depends primarily on the rate
    of recombination relative to selection (r/s), and more weakly, on the neighbourhood
    size, Nb = 4πρσ2. Spatial subdivision may allow local selective sweeps to occur
    more frequently than is indicated by the overall rate of molecular evolution.
    However, it seems unlikely that such sweeps can be sufficiently frequent to increase
    significantly the drift of neutral alleles.
acknowledgement: "I am grateful to B. Charlesworth and M.Slatkin for their helpful
  comments. This work was supported by the Biotechnology\r\nand Biological Sciences
  Research Council, the Natural Environment Research Council, and the Darwin Trust
  of Edinburgh."
article_processing_charge: No
author:
- first_name: Nicholas H
  full_name: Barton, Nicholas H
  id: 4880FE40-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Barton
  orcid: 0000-0002-8548-5240
citation:
  ama: Barton NH. Genetic hitchhiking. <i>Philosophical Transactions of the Royal
    Society of London Series B, Biological Sciences</i>. 2000;355(1403):1553-1562.
    doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2000.0716">10.1098/rstb.2000.0716</a>
  apa: Barton, N. H. (2000). Genetic hitchhiking. <i>Philosophical Transactions of
    the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences</i>. Royal Society
    of London. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2000.0716">https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2000.0716</a>
  chicago: Barton, Nicholas H. “Genetic Hitchhiking.” <i>Philosophical Transactions
    of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences</i>. Royal Society
    of London, 2000. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2000.0716">https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2000.0716</a>.
  ieee: N. H. Barton, “Genetic hitchhiking,” <i>Philosophical Transactions of the
    Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences</i>, vol. 355, no. 1403.
    Royal Society of London, pp. 1553–1562, 2000.
  ista: Barton NH. 2000. Genetic hitchhiking. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal
    Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences. 355(1403), 1553–1562.
  mla: Barton, Nicholas H. “Genetic Hitchhiking.” <i>Philosophical Transactions of
    the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences</i>, vol. 355, no.
    1403, Royal Society of London, 2000, pp. 1553–62, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2000.0716">10.1098/rstb.2000.0716</a>.
  short: N.H. Barton, Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series
    B, Biological Sciences 355 (2000) 1553–1562.
date_created: 2018-12-11T12:07:59Z
date_published: 2000-11-29T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2023-04-19T09:35:31Z
day: '29'
doi: 10.1098/rstb.2000.0716
extern: '1'
external_id:
  pmid:
  - '11127900'
intvolume: '       355'
issue: '1403'
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
  url: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1692896/
month: '11'
oa: 1
oa_version: None
page: 1553 - 1562
pmid: 1
publication: Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B,
  Biological Sciences
publication_identifier:
  issn:
  - 0962-8436
publication_status: published
publisher: Royal Society of London
publist_id: '1815'
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: Genetic hitchhiking
type: journal_article
user_id: ea97e931-d5af-11eb-85d4-e6957dddbf17
volume: 355
year: '2000'
...
---
_id: '4275'
article_processing_charge: No
author:
- first_name: Nicholas H
  full_name: Barton, Nicholas H
  id: 4880FE40-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Barton
  orcid: 0000-0002-8548-5240
citation:
  ama: 'Barton NH. Differentiation. In: <i>Encyclopedia of Biodiversity</i>. Academic
    Press; 2000:85-94. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/B0-12-226865-2/00070-5">10.1016/B0-12-226865-2/00070-5</a>'
  apa: Barton, N. H. (2000). Differentiation. In <i>Encyclopedia of Biodiversity</i>
    (pp. 85–94). Academic Press. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/B0-12-226865-2/00070-5">https://doi.org/10.1016/B0-12-226865-2/00070-5</a>
  chicago: Barton, Nicholas H. “Differentiation.” In <i>Encyclopedia of Biodiversity</i>,
    85–94. Academic Press, 2000. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/B0-12-226865-2/00070-5">https://doi.org/10.1016/B0-12-226865-2/00070-5</a>.
  ieee: N. H. Barton, “Differentiation,” in <i>Encyclopedia of Biodiversity</i>, Academic
    Press, 2000, pp. 85–94.
  ista: 'Barton NH. 2000.Differentiation. In: Encyclopedia of Biodiversity. , 85–94.'
  mla: Barton, Nicholas H. “Differentiation.” <i>Encyclopedia of Biodiversity</i>,
    Academic Press, 2000, pp. 85–94, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/B0-12-226865-2/00070-5">10.1016/B0-12-226865-2/00070-5</a>.
  short: N.H. Barton, in:, Encyclopedia of Biodiversity, Academic Press, 2000, pp.
    85–94.
date_created: 2018-12-11T12:07:59Z
date_published: 2000-10-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2023-04-19T09:39:55Z
day: '01'
doi: 10.1016/B0-12-226865-2/00070-5
extern: '1'
language:
- iso: eng
month: '10'
oa_version: None
page: 85 - 94
publication: Encyclopedia of Biodiversity
publication_identifier:
  isbn:
  - '9780122268656'
publication_status: published
publisher: Academic Press
publist_id: '1816'
status: public
title: Differentiation
type: book_chapter
user_id: ea97e931-d5af-11eb-85d4-e6957dddbf17
year: '2000'
...
---
_id: '4276'
article_processing_charge: No
author:
- first_name: Nicholas H
  full_name: Barton, Nicholas H
  id: 4880FE40-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Barton
  orcid: 0000-0002-8548-5240
citation:
  ama: Barton NH. Population genetics of multiple loci. <i>Genetics Research</i>.
    2000;75(3):371-373. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1017/S0016672300239220">10.1017/S0016672300239220</a>
  apa: Barton, N. H. (2000). Population genetics of multiple loci. <i>Genetics Research</i>.
    Cambridge University Press. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1017/S0016672300239220">https://doi.org/10.1017/S0016672300239220</a>
  chicago: Barton, Nicholas H. “Population Genetics of Multiple Loci.” <i>Genetics
    Research</i>. Cambridge University Press, 2000. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1017/S0016672300239220">https://doi.org/10.1017/S0016672300239220</a>.
  ieee: N. H. Barton, “Population genetics of multiple loci,” <i>Genetics Research</i>,
    vol. 75, no. 3. Cambridge University Press, pp. 371–373, 2000.
  ista: Barton NH. 2000. Population genetics of multiple loci. Genetics Research.
    75(3), 371–373.
  mla: Barton, Nicholas H. “Population Genetics of Multiple Loci.” <i>Genetics Research</i>,
    vol. 75, no. 3, Cambridge University Press, 2000, pp. 371–73, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1017/S0016672300239220">10.1017/S0016672300239220</a>.
  short: N.H. Barton, Genetics Research 75 (2000) 371–373.
date_created: 2018-12-11T12:07:59Z
date_published: 2000-06-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2023-04-18T15:01:01Z
day: '01'
doi: 10.1017/S0016672300239220
extern: '1'
intvolume: '        75'
issue: '3'
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- url: https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/genetics-research/article/population-genetics-of-multiple-loci-by-f-b-christiansen-wiley-series-in-mathematical-and-computational-biology-ed-s-levin-john-wiley-sons-1999-isbn-0-471-979791-365-pages-price-80-hardback/9F9E954479B9FB87B0A07250AD6AAD9C
month: '06'
oa_version: None
page: 371 - 373
publication: Genetics Research
publication_identifier:
  issn:
  - 0016-6723
publication_status: published
publisher: Cambridge University Press
publist_id: '1814'
quality_controlled: '1'
status: public
title: Population genetics of multiple loci
type: review
user_id: ea97e931-d5af-11eb-85d4-e6957dddbf17
volume: 75
year: '2000'
...
---
_id: '4433'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: "Bisimulations enjoy numerous applications in the analysis of labeled transition
    systems. Many of these applications are based on two central observations: first,
    bisimilar systems satisfy the same branching-time properties; second, bisimilarity
    can be checked efficiently for finite-state systems. The local character of bisimulation,
    however, makes it difficult to address liveness concerns. Indeed, the definitions
    of fair bisimulation that have been proposed in the literature sacrifice locality,
    and with it, also efficient checkability. We put forward a new definition of fair
    bisimulation which does not suffer from this drawback.\r\nThe bisimilarity of
    two systems can be viewed in terms of a game played between a protagonist and
    an adversary. In each step of the infinite bisimulation game, the adversary chooses
    one system, makes a move, and the protagonist matches it with a move of the other
    system. Consistent with this game-based view, we call two fair transition systems
    bisimilar if in the bisimulation game, the infinite path produced in the first
    system is fair iff the infinite path produced in the second system is fair.\r\nWe
    show that this notion of fair bisimulation enjoys the following properties. First,
    fairly bisimilar systems satisfy the same formulas of the logics Fair-AFMC (the
    fair alternation-free μ-calculus) and Fair-CTL*. Therefore, fair bisimulations
    can serve as property-preserving abstractions for these logics and weaker ones,
    such as Fair-CTL and LTL. Indeed, Fair-AFMC provides an exact logical characterization
    of fair bisimilarity. Second, it can be checked in time polynomial in the number
    of states if two systems are fairly bisimilar. This is in stark contrast to all
    trace-based equivalences, which are traditionally used for addressing liveness
    but require exponential time for checking."
acknowledgement: This research was supported in part by the DARPA (NASA) grant NAG2-1214,
  the SRC contract 99-TJ-683.003, the MARCO grant 98-DT-660, the DARPA (MARCO) grant
  MDA972-99-1-0001, and the NSF CAREER award CCR-9501708.
alternative_title:
- LNCS
article_processing_charge: No
author:
- first_name: Thomas A
  full_name: Henzinger, Thomas A
  id: 40876CD8-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Henzinger
  orcid: 0000−0002−2985−7724
- first_name: Sriram
  full_name: Rajamani, Sriram
  last_name: Rajamani
citation:
  ama: 'Henzinger TA, Rajamani S. Fair bisimulation. In: <i>Proceedings of the 6th
    International Conference on Tools and Algorithms for the Construction and Analysis
    of Systems</i>. Vol 1785. Springer; 2000:299-314. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-46419-0_21">10.1007/3-540-46419-0_21</a>'
  apa: 'Henzinger, T. A., &#38; Rajamani, S. (2000). Fair bisimulation. In <i>Proceedings
    of the 6th International Conference on Tools and Algorithms for the Construction
    and Analysis of Systems</i> (Vol. 1785, pp. 299–314). Berlin, Germany: Springer.
    <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-46419-0_21">https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-46419-0_21</a>'
  chicago: Henzinger, Thomas A, and Sriram Rajamani. “Fair Bisimulation.” In <i>Proceedings
    of the 6th International Conference on Tools and Algorithms for the Construction
    and Analysis of Systems</i>, 1785:299–314. Springer, 2000. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-46419-0_21">https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-46419-0_21</a>.
  ieee: T. A. Henzinger and S. Rajamani, “Fair bisimulation,” in <i>Proceedings of
    the 6th International Conference on Tools and Algorithms for the Construction
    and Analysis of Systems</i>, Berlin, Germany, 2000, vol. 1785, pp. 299–314.
  ista: 'Henzinger TA, Rajamani S. 2000. Fair bisimulation. Proceedings of the 6th
    International Conference on Tools and Algorithms for the Construction and Analysis
    of Systems. TACAS: Tools and Algorithms for the Construction and Analysis of Systems,
    LNCS, vol. 1785, 299–314.'
  mla: Henzinger, Thomas A., and Sriram Rajamani. “Fair Bisimulation.” <i>Proceedings
    of the 6th International Conference on Tools and Algorithms for the Construction
    and Analysis of Systems</i>, vol. 1785, Springer, 2000, pp. 299–314, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-46419-0_21">10.1007/3-540-46419-0_21</a>.
  short: T.A. Henzinger, S. Rajamani, in:, Proceedings of the 6th International Conference
    on Tools and Algorithms for the Construction and Analysis of Systems, Springer,
    2000, pp. 299–314.
conference:
  end_date: 2000-04-02
  location: Berlin, Germany
  name: 'TACAS: Tools and Algorithms for the Construction and Analysis of Systems'
  start_date: 2000-03-25
date_created: 2018-12-11T12:08:50Z
date_published: 2000-01-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2023-04-18T13:11:07Z
day: '01'
doi: 10.1007/3-540-46419-0_21
extern: '1'
intvolume: '      1785'
language:
- iso: eng
month: '01'
oa_version: None
page: 299 - 314
publication: Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Tools and Algorithms
  for the Construction and Analysis of Systems
publication_identifier:
  isbn:
  - '9783540672821'
publication_status: published
publisher: Springer
publist_id: '297'
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: Fair bisimulation
type: conference
user_id: ea97e931-d5af-11eb-85d4-e6957dddbf17
volume: 1785
year: '2000'
...
---
_id: '4434'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: 'The algorithmic approach to the analysis of timed and hybrid systems is fundamentally
    limited by undecidability, of universality in the timed case (where all continuous
    variables are clocks), and of emptiness in the rectangular case (which includes
    drifting clocks). Traditional proofs of undecidability encode a single Turing
    computation by a single timed trajectory. These proofs have nurtured the hope
    that the introduction of “fuzziness” into timed and hybrid models (in the sense
    that a system cannot distinguish between trajectories that are sufficiently similar)
    may lead to decidability. We show that this is not the case, by sharpening both
    fundamental undecidability results. Besides the obvious blow our results deal
    to the algorithmic method, they also prove that the standard model of timed and
    hybrid systems, while not “robust” in its definition of trajectory acceptance
    (which is affected by tiny perturbations in the timing of events), is quite robust
    in its mathematical properties: the undecidability barriers are not affected by
    reasonable perturbations of the model.'
acknowledgement: 'This research was supported in part by the DARPA (NASA) grant NAG2-1214,
  the DARPA (Wright-Patterson AFB) grant F33615-C-98-3614, the ARO MURI grant DAAH-04-96-1-0341,
  and the NSF CAREER award CCR-9501708. '
alternative_title:
- LNCS
article_processing_charge: No
author:
- first_name: Thomas A
  full_name: Henzinger, Thomas A
  id: 40876CD8-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Henzinger
  orcid: 0000−0002−2985−7724
- first_name: Jean
  full_name: Raskin, Jean
  last_name: Raskin
citation:
  ama: 'Henzinger TA, Raskin J. Robust undecidability of timed and hybrid systems.
    In: <i>Proceedings of the 3rd International Workshop on Hybrid Systems</i>. Vol
    1790. Springer; 2000:145-159. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-46430-1_15">10.1007/3-540-46430-1_15</a>'
  apa: 'Henzinger, T. A., &#38; Raskin, J. (2000). Robust undecidability of timed
    and hybrid systems. In <i>Proceedings of the 3rd International Workshop on Hybrid
    Systems</i> (Vol. 1790, pp. 145–159). Pittsburgh, PA, USA: Springer. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-46430-1_15">https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-46430-1_15</a>'
  chicago: Henzinger, Thomas A, and Jean Raskin. “Robust Undecidability of Timed and
    Hybrid Systems.” In <i>Proceedings of the 3rd International Workshop on Hybrid
    Systems</i>, 1790:145–59. Springer, 2000. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-46430-1_15">https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-46430-1_15</a>.
  ieee: T. A. Henzinger and J. Raskin, “Robust undecidability of timed and hybrid
    systems,” in <i>Proceedings of the 3rd International Workshop on Hybrid Systems</i>,
    Pittsburgh, PA, USA, 2000, vol. 1790, pp. 145–159.
  ista: 'Henzinger TA, Raskin J. 2000. Robust undecidability of timed and hybrid systems.
    Proceedings of the 3rd International Workshop on Hybrid Systems. HSCC: Hybrid
    Systems - Computation and Control, LNCS, vol. 1790, 145–159.'
  mla: Henzinger, Thomas A., and Jean Raskin. “Robust Undecidability of Timed and
    Hybrid Systems.” <i>Proceedings of the 3rd International Workshop on Hybrid Systems</i>,
    vol. 1790, Springer, 2000, pp. 145–59, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-46430-1_15">10.1007/3-540-46430-1_15</a>.
  short: T.A. Henzinger, J. Raskin, in:, Proceedings of the 3rd International Workshop
    on Hybrid Systems, Springer, 2000, pp. 145–159.
conference:
  end_date: 2000-03-25
  location: Pittsburgh, PA, USA
  name: 'HSCC: Hybrid Systems - Computation and Control'
  start_date: 2000-03-23
date_created: 2018-12-11T12:08:50Z
date_published: 2000-01-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2023-04-18T13:16:13Z
day: '01'
doi: 10.1007/3-540-46430-1_15
extern: '1'
intvolume: '      1790'
language:
- iso: eng
month: '01'
oa_version: None
page: 145 - 159
publication: Proceedings of the 3rd International Workshop on Hybrid Systems
publication_identifier:
  isbn:
  - '9783540672593'
publication_status: published
publisher: Springer
publist_id: '298'
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: Robust undecidability of timed and hybrid systems
type: conference
user_id: ea97e931-d5af-11eb-85d4-e6957dddbf17
volume: 1790
year: '2000'
...
---
_id: '4435'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: 'An important case of hybrid systems are the rectangular automata. First,
    rectangular dynamics can naturally and arbitrarily closely approximate more general,
    nonlinear dynamics. Second, rectangular automata are the most general type of
    hybrid systems for which model checking -in particular, Ltl model checking- is
    decidable. However, on one hand, the original proofs of decidability did not suggest
    practical algorithms and, on the other hand, practical symbolic model-checking
    procedures -such as those implemented in HyTech- were not known to terminate on
    rectangular automata. We remedy this unsatisfactory situation: we present a symbolic
    method for Ltl model checking which can be performed by HyTech and is guaranteed
    to terminate on all rectangular automata. We do so by proving that our method
    for symbolic Ltl model checking terminates on an infinite-state transition system
    if the trace-equivalence relation of the system has finite index, which is the
    case for all rectangular automata.'
acknowledgement: This research was supported in part by the DARPA (NASA) grant NAG2-1214,
  the DARPA (Wright-Patterson AFB) grant F33615-C-98-3614, the MARCO grant 98-DT-660,
  the ARO MURI grant DAAH-04-96-1-0341, and the NSF CAREER award CCR-9501708.
alternative_title:
- LNCS
article_processing_charge: No
author:
- first_name: Thomas A
  full_name: Henzinger, Thomas A
  id: 40876CD8-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Henzinger
  orcid: 0000−0002−2985−7724
- first_name: Ritankar
  full_name: Majumdar, Ritankar
  last_name: Majumdar
citation:
  ama: 'Henzinger TA, Majumdar R. Symbolic model checking for rectangular hybrid systems.
    In: <i>Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Tools and Algorithms
    for the Construction and Analysis of Systems</i>. Vol 1785. Springer; 2000:142-156.
    doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-46419-0_11">10.1007/3-540-46419-0_11</a>'
  apa: 'Henzinger, T. A., &#38; Majumdar, R. (2000). Symbolic model checking for rectangular
    hybrid systems. In <i>Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Tools
    and Algorithms for the Construction and Analysis of Systems</i> (Vol. 1785, pp.
    142–156). Berlin, Germany: Springer. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-46419-0_11">https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-46419-0_11</a>'
  chicago: Henzinger, Thomas A, and Ritankar Majumdar. “Symbolic Model Checking for
    Rectangular Hybrid Systems.” In <i>Proceedings of the 6th International Conference
    on Tools and Algorithms for the Construction and Analysis of Systems</i>, 1785:142–56.
    Springer, 2000. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-46419-0_11">https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-46419-0_11</a>.
  ieee: T. A. Henzinger and R. Majumdar, “Symbolic model checking for rectangular
    hybrid systems,” in <i>Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Tools
    and Algorithms for the Construction and Analysis of Systems</i>, Berlin, Germany,
    2000, vol. 1785, pp. 142–156.
  ista: 'Henzinger TA, Majumdar R. 2000. Symbolic model checking for rectangular hybrid
    systems. Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Tools and Algorithms
    for the Construction and Analysis of Systems. TACAS: Tools and Algorithms for
    the Construction and Analysis of Systems, LNCS, vol. 1785, 142–156.'
  mla: Henzinger, Thomas A., and Ritankar Majumdar. “Symbolic Model Checking for Rectangular
    Hybrid Systems.” <i>Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Tools and
    Algorithms for the Construction and Analysis of Systems</i>, vol. 1785, Springer,
    2000, pp. 142–56, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-46419-0_11">10.1007/3-540-46419-0_11</a>.
  short: T.A. Henzinger, R. Majumdar, in:, Proceedings of the 6th International Conference
    on Tools and Algorithms for the Construction and Analysis of Systems, Springer,
    2000, pp. 142–156.
conference:
  end_date: 2000-04-02
  location: Berlin, Germany
  name: 'TACAS: Tools and Algorithms for the Construction and Analysis of Systems'
  start_date: 2000-03-25
date_created: 2018-12-11T12:08:50Z
date_published: 2000-01-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2023-04-18T13:08:09Z
day: '01'
doi: 10.1007/3-540-46419-0_11
extern: '1'
intvolume: '      1785'
language:
- iso: eng
month: '01'
oa_version: None
page: 142 - 156
publication: Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Tools and Algorithms
  for the Construction and Analysis of Systems
publication_identifier:
  isbn:
  - '9783540672821'
publication_status: published
publisher: Springer
publist_id: '293'
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: Symbolic model checking for rectangular hybrid systems
type: conference
user_id: ea97e931-d5af-11eb-85d4-e6957dddbf17
volume: 1785
year: '2000'
...
---
_id: '4439'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: "We define five increasingly comprehensive classes of infinite-state systems,
    called STS1–5, whose state spaces have finitary structure. For four of these classes,
    we provide examples from hybrid systems.\r\nSTS1 These are the systems with finite
    bisimilarity quotients. They can be analyzed symbolically by (1) iterating the
    predecessor and boolean operations starting from a finite set of observable state
    sets, and (2) terminating when no new state sets are generated. This enables model
    checking of the μ-calculus.\r\nSTS2 These are the systems with finite similarity
    quotients. They can be analyzed symbolically by iterating the predecessor and
    positive boolean operations. This enables model checking of the existential and
    universal fragments of the μ-calculus.\r\nSTS3 These are the systems with finite
    trace-equivalence quotients. They can be analyzed symbolically by iterating the
    predecessor operation and a restricted form of positive boolean operations (intersection
    is restricted to intersection with observables). This enables model checking of
    linear temporal logic.\r\nSTS4 These are the systems with finite distance-equivalence
    quotients (two states are equivalent if for every distance d, the same observables
    can be reached in d transitions). The systems in this class can be analyzed symbolically
    by iterating the predecessor operation and terminating when no new state sets
    are generated. This enables model checking of the existential conjunction-free
    and universal disjunction-free fragments of the μ-calculus.\r\nSTS5 These are
    the systems with finite bounded-reachability quotients (two states are equivalent
    if for every distance d, the same observables can be reached in d or fewer transitions).
    The systems in this class can be analyzed symbolically by iterating the predecessor
    operation and terminating when no new states are encountered. This enables model
    checking of reachability properties."
acknowledgement: This research was supported in part by the DARPA (NASA) grant NAG2-1214,
  the DARPA (Wright-Patterson AFB) grant F33615-C-98-3614, the MARCO grant 98-DT-660,
  the ARO MURI grant DAAH-04-96-1-0341, and the NSF CAREER award CCR-9501708.
alternative_title:
- LNCS
article_processing_charge: No
author:
- first_name: Thomas A
  full_name: Henzinger, Thomas A
  id: 40876CD8-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Henzinger
  orcid: 0000−0002−2985−7724
- first_name: Ritankar
  full_name: Majumdar, Ritankar
  last_name: Majumdar
citation:
  ama: 'Henzinger TA, Majumdar R. A classification of symbolic transition systems.
    In: <i>Proceedings of the 17th Annual Symposium on Theoretical Aspects of Computer
    Science</i>. Vol 1770. Springer; 2000:13-34. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-46541-3_2">10.1007/3-540-46541-3_2</a>'
  apa: 'Henzinger, T. A., &#38; Majumdar, R. (2000). A classification of symbolic
    transition systems. In <i>Proceedings of the 17th Annual Symposium on Theoretical
    Aspects of Computer Science</i> (Vol. 1770, pp. 13–34). Lille, France: Springer.
    <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-46541-3_2">https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-46541-3_2</a>'
  chicago: Henzinger, Thomas A, and Ritankar Majumdar. “A Classification of Symbolic
    Transition Systems.” In <i>Proceedings of the 17th Annual Symposium on Theoretical
    Aspects of Computer Science</i>, 1770:13–34. Springer, 2000. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-46541-3_2">https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-46541-3_2</a>.
  ieee: T. A. Henzinger and R. Majumdar, “A classification of symbolic transition
    systems,” in <i>Proceedings of the 17th Annual Symposium on Theoretical Aspects
    of Computer Science</i>, Lille, France, 2000, vol. 1770, pp. 13–34.
  ista: 'Henzinger TA, Majumdar R. 2000. A classification of symbolic transition systems.
    Proceedings of the 17th Annual Symposium on Theoretical Aspects of Computer Science.
    STACS: Theoretical Aspects of Computer Science, LNCS, vol. 1770, 13–34.'
  mla: Henzinger, Thomas A., and Ritankar Majumdar. “A Classification of Symbolic
    Transition Systems.” <i>Proceedings of the 17th Annual Symposium on Theoretical
    Aspects of Computer Science</i>, vol. 1770, Springer, 2000, pp. 13–34, doi:<a
    href="https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-46541-3_2">10.1007/3-540-46541-3_2</a>.
  short: T.A. Henzinger, R. Majumdar, in:, Proceedings of the 17th Annual Symposium
    on Theoretical Aspects of Computer Science, Springer, 2000, pp. 13–34.
conference:
  end_date: 2000-02-19
  location: Lille, France
  name: 'STACS: Theoretical Aspects of Computer Science'
  start_date: 2000-02-17
date_created: 2018-12-11T12:08:51Z
date_published: 2000-01-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2023-04-18T13:02:39Z
day: '01'
doi: 10.1007/3-540-46541-3_2
extern: '1'
intvolume: '      1770'
language:
- iso: eng
month: '01'
oa_version: None
page: 13 - 34
publication: Proceedings of the 17th Annual Symposium on Theoretical Aspects of Computer
  Science
publication_identifier:
  isbn:
  - '9783540671411'
publication_status: published
publisher: Springer
publist_id: '292'
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: A classification of symbolic transition systems
type: conference
user_id: ea97e931-d5af-11eb-85d4-e6957dddbf17
volume: 1770
year: '2000'
...
---
_id: '4481'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: 'Since hybrid embedded systems are pervasive and often safety-critical, guarantees
    about their correct performance are desirable. The hybrid systems model checker
    HyTech provides such guarantees and has successfully verified some systems. However,
    HyTech severely restricts the continuous dynamics of the system being analyzed
    and, therefore, often forces the use of prohibitively expensive discrete and polyhedral
    abstractions. We have designed a new algorithm, which is capable of directly verifying
    hybrid systems with general continuous dynamics, such as linear and nonlinear
    differential equations. The new algorithm conservatively overapproximates the
    reachable states of a hybrid automaton by using interval numerical methods. Interval
    numerical methods return sets of points that enclose the true result of numerical
    computation and, thus, avoid distortions due to the accumulation of round-off
    errors. We have implemented the new algorithm in a successor tool to HyTech called
    HyperTech. We consider three examples: a thermostat with delay, a two-tank water
    system, and an air-traffic collision avoidance protocol. HyperTech enables the
    direct, fully automatic analysis of these systems, which is also more accurate
    than the use of polyhedral abstractions.'
acknowledgement: This research was supported in part by the DARPA (NASA) grant NAG2-1214,
  the DARPA (Wright-Patterson AFB) grant F33615-C-98-3614, the ARO MURI grant DAAH-04-96-1-0341,
  and the NSF CAREER award CCR-9501708.
alternative_title:
- LNCS
article_processing_charge: No
author:
- first_name: Thomas A
  full_name: Henzinger, Thomas A
  id: 40876CD8-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Henzinger
  orcid: 0000−0002−2985−7724
- first_name: Benjamin
  full_name: Horowitz, Benjamin
  last_name: Horowitz
- first_name: Ritankar
  full_name: Majumdar, Ritankar
  last_name: Majumdar
- first_name: Howard
  full_name: Wong Toi, Howard
  last_name: Wong Toi
citation:
  ama: 'Henzinger TA, Horowitz B, Majumdar R, Wong Toi H. Beyond HyTech: Hybrid systems
    analysis using interval numerical methods. In: <i>Proceedings of the 3rd International
    Workshop on Hybrid Systems</i>. Vol 1790. Springer; 2000:130-144. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-46430-1_14">10.1007/3-540-46430-1_14</a>'
  apa: 'Henzinger, T. A., Horowitz, B., Majumdar, R., &#38; Wong Toi, H. (2000). Beyond
    HyTech: Hybrid systems analysis using interval numerical methods. In <i>Proceedings
    of the 3rd International Workshop on Hybrid Systems</i> (Vol. 1790, pp. 130–144).
    Pittsburgh, PA, USA: Springer. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-46430-1_14">https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-46430-1_14</a>'
  chicago: 'Henzinger, Thomas A, Benjamin Horowitz, Ritankar Majumdar, and Howard
    Wong Toi. “Beyond HyTech: Hybrid Systems Analysis Using Interval Numerical Methods.”
    In <i>Proceedings of the 3rd International Workshop on Hybrid Systems</i>, 1790:130–44.
    Springer, 2000. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-46430-1_14">https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-46430-1_14</a>.'
  ieee: 'T. A. Henzinger, B. Horowitz, R. Majumdar, and H. Wong Toi, “Beyond HyTech:
    Hybrid systems analysis using interval numerical methods,” in <i>Proceedings of
    the 3rd International Workshop on Hybrid Systems</i>, Pittsburgh, PA, USA, 2000,
    vol. 1790, pp. 130–144.'
  ista: 'Henzinger TA, Horowitz B, Majumdar R, Wong Toi H. 2000. Beyond HyTech: Hybrid
    systems analysis using interval numerical methods. Proceedings of the 3rd International
    Workshop on Hybrid Systems. HSCC: Hybrid Systems - Computation and Control, LNCS,
    vol. 1790, 130–144.'
  mla: 'Henzinger, Thomas A., et al. “Beyond HyTech: Hybrid Systems Analysis Using
    Interval Numerical Methods.” <i>Proceedings of the 3rd International Workshop
    on Hybrid Systems</i>, vol. 1790, Springer, 2000, pp. 130–44, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-46430-1_14">10.1007/3-540-46430-1_14</a>.'
  short: T.A. Henzinger, B. Horowitz, R. Majumdar, H. Wong Toi, in:, Proceedings of
    the 3rd International Workshop on Hybrid Systems, Springer, 2000, pp. 130–144.
conference:
  end_date: 2000-03-25
  location: Pittsburgh, PA, USA
  name: 'HSCC: Hybrid Systems - Computation and Control'
  start_date: 2000-03-23
date_created: 2018-12-11T12:09:04Z
date_published: 2000-01-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2023-04-18T12:44:52Z
day: '01'
doi: 10.1007/3-540-46430-1_14
extern: '1'
intvolume: '      1790'
language:
- iso: eng
month: '01'
oa_version: None
page: 130 - 144
publication: Proceedings of the 3rd International Workshop on Hybrid Systems
publication_identifier:
  isbn:
  - '9783540672593'
publication_status: published
publisher: Springer
publist_id: '247'
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: 'Beyond HyTech: Hybrid systems analysis using interval numerical methods'
type: conference
user_id: ea97e931-d5af-11eb-85d4-e6957dddbf17
volume: 1790
year: '2000'
...
---
_id: '4482'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: "We apply the theory of abstract interpretation to the verification of game
    properties for reactive systems. Unlike properties expressed in standard temporal
    logics, game properties can distinguish adversarial from collaborative relationships
    between the processes of a concurrent program, or the components of a parallel
    system. We consider two-player concurrent games –say, component vs. environment–
    and specify properties of such games –say, the component has a winning strategy
    to obtain a resource, no matter how the environment behaves– in the alternating-time
    μ-calculus (Aμ ). A sound abstraction of such a game must at the same time restrict
    the behaviors of the component and increase the behaviors of the environment:
    if a less powerful component can win against a more powerful environment, then
    surely the original component can win against the original environment.\r\nWe
    formalize the concrete semantics of a concurrent game in terms of controllable
    and uncontrollable predecessor predicates, which suffice for model checking all
    Aμ properties by applying boolean operations and iteration. We then define the
    abstract semantics of a concurrent game in terms of abstractions for the controllable
    and uncontrollable predecessor predicates. This allows us to give general characterizations
    for the soundness and completeness of abstract games with respect to Aμ properties.
    We also present a simple programming language for multi-process programs, and
    show how approximations of the maximal abstraction (w.r.t. Aμ properties) can
    be obtained from the program text. We apply the theory to two practical verification
    examples, a communication protocol developed at the Berkeley Wireless Research
    Center, and a protocol converter. In the wireless protocol, both the use of a
    game property for specification and the use of abstraction for automatic verification
    were instrumental to uncover a subtle bug."
acknowledgement: This research was supported in part by the DARPA (NASA) grant NAG2-1214,
  the DARPA (Wright-Patterson AFB) grant F33615-C-98-3614, the MARCO grant 98-DT-660,
  the ARO MURI grant DAAH-04-96-1-0341, and the NSF CAREER award CCR-9501708.
alternative_title:
- LNCS
article_processing_charge: No
author:
- first_name: Thomas A
  full_name: Henzinger, Thomas A
  id: 40876CD8-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Henzinger
  orcid: 0000−0002−2985−7724
- first_name: Ritankar
  full_name: Majumdar, Ritankar
  last_name: Majumdar
- first_name: Freddy
  full_name: Mang, Freddy
  last_name: Mang
- first_name: Jean
  full_name: Raskin, Jean
  last_name: Raskin
citation:
  ama: 'Henzinger TA, Majumdar R, Mang F, Raskin J. Abstract interpretation of game
    properties. In: <i>Proceedings of the 7th International Symposium on Static Analysis</i>.
    Vol 1824. Springer; 2000:220-239. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-45099-3_12">10.1007/978-3-540-45099-3_12</a>'
  apa: 'Henzinger, T. A., Majumdar, R., Mang, F., &#38; Raskin, J. (2000). Abstract
    interpretation of game properties. In <i>Proceedings of the 7th International
    Symposium on Static Analysis</i> (Vol. 1824, pp. 220–239). Santa Barbara, CA,
    USA: Springer. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-45099-3_12">https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-45099-3_12</a>'
  chicago: Henzinger, Thomas A, Ritankar Majumdar, Freddy Mang, and Jean Raskin. “Abstract
    Interpretation of Game Properties.” In <i>Proceedings of the 7th International
    Symposium on Static Analysis</i>, 1824:220–39. Springer, 2000. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-45099-3_12">https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-45099-3_12</a>.
  ieee: T. A. Henzinger, R. Majumdar, F. Mang, and J. Raskin, “Abstract interpretation
    of game properties,” in <i>Proceedings of the 7th International Symposium on Static
    Analysis</i>, Santa Barbara, CA, USA, 2000, vol. 1824, pp. 220–239.
  ista: 'Henzinger TA, Majumdar R, Mang F, Raskin J. 2000. Abstract interpretation
    of game properties. Proceedings of the 7th International Symposium on Static Analysis.
    SAS: Static Analysis Symposium, LNCS, vol. 1824, 220–239.'
  mla: Henzinger, Thomas A., et al. “Abstract Interpretation of Game Properties.”
    <i>Proceedings of the 7th International Symposium on Static Analysis</i>, vol.
    1824, Springer, 2000, pp. 220–39, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-45099-3_12">10.1007/978-3-540-45099-3_12</a>.
  short: T.A. Henzinger, R. Majumdar, F. Mang, J. Raskin, in:, Proceedings of the
    7th International Symposium on Static Analysis, Springer, 2000, pp. 220–239.
conference:
  end_date: 2000-07-06
  location: Santa Barbara, CA, USA
  name: 'SAS: Static Analysis Symposium'
  start_date: 2000-06-29
date_created: 2018-12-11T12:09:04Z
date_published: 2000-01-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2023-04-18T12:49:56Z
day: '01'
doi: 10.1007/978-3-540-45099-3_12
extern: '1'
intvolume: '      1824'
language:
- iso: eng
month: '01'
oa_version: None
page: 220 - 239
publication: Proceedings of the 7th International Symposium on Static Analysis
publication_identifier:
  isbn:
  - '9783540676683'
publication_status: published
publisher: Springer
publist_id: '248'
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: Abstract interpretation of game properties
type: conference
user_id: ea97e931-d5af-11eb-85d4-e6957dddbf17
volume: 1824
year: '2000'
...
---
_id: '4483'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: 'Model-checking algorithms can be used to verify, formally and automatically,
    if a low-level description of a design conforms with a high-level description.
    However, for designs with very large state spaces, prior to the application of
    an algorithm, the refinement-checking task needs to be decomposed into subtasks
    of manageable complexity. It is natural to decompose the task following the component
    structure of the design. However, an individual component often does not satisfy
    its requirements unless the component is put into the right context, which constrains
    the inputs to the component. Thus, in order to verify each component individually,
    we need to make assumptions about its inputs, which are provided by the other
    components of the design. This reasoning is circular: component A is verified
    under the assumption that context B behaves correctly, and symmetrically, B is
    verified assuming the correctness of A. The assume-guarantee paradigm provides
    a systematic theory and methodology for ensuring the soundness of the circular
    style of postulating and discharging assumptions in component-based reasoning.We
    give a tutorial introduction to the assume-guarantee paradigm for decomposing
    refinement-checking tasks. To illustrate the method, we step in detail through
    the formal verification of a processor pipeline against an instruction set architecture.
    In this example, the verification of a three-stage pipeline is broken up into
    three subtasks, one for each stage of the pipeline.'
acknowledgement: 'Supported in part by DARPA Information Technology Office, by the
  MARC0 Gigascale Silicon Research Center, and by the National Science Foundation. '
article_processing_charge: No
author:
- first_name: Thomas A
  full_name: Henzinger, Thomas A
  id: 40876CD8-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Henzinger
  orcid: 0000−0002−2985−7724
- first_name: Shaz
  full_name: Qadeer, Shaz
  last_name: Qadeer
- first_name: Sriram
  full_name: Rajamani, Sriram
  last_name: Rajamani
citation:
  ama: 'Henzinger TA, Qadeer S, Rajamani S. Decomposing refinement proofs using assume-guarantee
    reasoning. In: <i>Proceedings of the 2000 International Conference on Computer-Aided
    Design</i>. IEEE; 2000:245-252. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1109/ICCAD.2000.896481">10.1109/ICCAD.2000.896481</a>'
  apa: 'Henzinger, T. A., Qadeer, S., &#38; Rajamani, S. (2000). Decomposing refinement
    proofs using assume-guarantee reasoning. In <i>Proceedings of the 2000 International
    Conference on Computer-Aided Design</i> (pp. 245–252). San Jose, CA, USA: IEEE.
    <a href="https://doi.org/10.1109/ICCAD.2000.896481">https://doi.org/10.1109/ICCAD.2000.896481</a>'
  chicago: Henzinger, Thomas A, Shaz Qadeer, and Sriram Rajamani. “Decomposing Refinement
    Proofs Using Assume-Guarantee Reasoning.” In <i>Proceedings of the 2000 International
    Conference on Computer-Aided Design</i>, 245–52. IEEE, 2000. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1109/ICCAD.2000.896481">https://doi.org/10.1109/ICCAD.2000.896481</a>.
  ieee: T. A. Henzinger, S. Qadeer, and S. Rajamani, “Decomposing refinement proofs
    using assume-guarantee reasoning,” in <i>Proceedings of the 2000 International
    Conference on Computer-Aided Design</i>, San Jose, CA, USA, 2000, pp. 245–252.
  ista: 'Henzinger TA, Qadeer S, Rajamani S. 2000. Decomposing refinement proofs using
    assume-guarantee reasoning. Proceedings of the 2000 International Conference on
    Computer-Aided Design. ICCAD: Computer-Aided Design, 245–252.'
  mla: Henzinger, Thomas A., et al. “Decomposing Refinement Proofs Using Assume-Guarantee
    Reasoning.” <i>Proceedings of the 2000 International Conference on Computer-Aided
    Design</i>, IEEE, 2000, pp. 245–52, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1109/ICCAD.2000.896481">10.1109/ICCAD.2000.896481</a>.
  short: T.A. Henzinger, S. Qadeer, S. Rajamani, in:, Proceedings of the 2000 International
    Conference on Computer-Aided Design, IEEE, 2000, pp. 245–252.
conference:
  end_date: 2000-11-09
  location: San Jose, CA, USA
  name: 'ICCAD: Computer-Aided Design'
  start_date: 2000-11-05
date_created: 2018-12-11T12:09:05Z
date_published: 2000-01-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2023-04-18T12:57:52Z
day: '01'
doi: 10.1109/ICCAD.2000.896481
extern: '1'
language:
- iso: eng
month: '01'
oa_version: None
page: 245 - 252
publication: Proceedings of the 2000 International Conference on Computer-Aided Design
publication_identifier:
  isbn:
  - '0780364457'
publication_status: published
publisher: IEEE
publist_id: '249'
quality_controlled: '1'
status: public
title: Decomposing refinement proofs using assume-guarantee reasoning
type: conference
user_id: ea97e931-d5af-11eb-85d4-e6957dddbf17
year: '2000'
...
---
_id: '4512'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: "Masaccio is a formal model for hybrid dynamical systems which are built from
    atomic discrete components (difference equations) and atomic continuous components
    (differential equations) by parallel and serial composition, arbitrarily nested.
    Each system component consists of an interface, which determines the possible
    ways of using the component, and a set of executions, which define the possible
    behaviors of the component in real time.\r\nVersion 1.0 (May 2000).\r\n"
acknowledgement: This research was supported in part by the DARPA grants NAG2-1214
  and F33615-C-98-3614, and by the MARCO grant 98-DT-660.
alternative_title:
- LNCS
article_processing_charge: No
author:
- first_name: Thomas A
  full_name: Henzinger, Thomas A
  id: 40876CD8-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Henzinger
  orcid: 0000−0002−2985−7724
citation:
  ama: 'Henzinger TA. Masaccio: A formal model for embedded components. In: <i>Proceedings
    of the 1st International Conference on Theoretical Computer Science </i>. Vol
    1872. Springer; 2000:549-563. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-44929-9_38">10.1007/3-540-44929-9_38</a>'
  apa: 'Henzinger, T. A. (2000). Masaccio: A formal model for embedded components.
    In <i>Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Theoretical Computer
    Science </i> (Vol. 1872, pp. 549–563). Sendai, Japan: Springer. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-44929-9_38">https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-44929-9_38</a>'
  chicago: 'Henzinger, Thomas A. “Masaccio: A Formal Model for Embedded Components.”
    In <i>Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Theoretical Computer
    Science </i>, 1872:549–63. Springer, 2000. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-44929-9_38">https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-44929-9_38</a>.'
  ieee: 'T. A. Henzinger, “Masaccio: A formal model for embedded components,” in <i>Proceedings
    of the 1st International Conference on Theoretical Computer Science </i>, Sendai,
    Japan, 2000, vol. 1872, pp. 549–563.'
  ista: 'Henzinger TA. 2000. Masaccio: A formal model for embedded components. Proceedings
    of the 1st International Conference on Theoretical Computer Science . TCS: Theoretical
    Computer Science, LNCS, vol. 1872, 549–563.'
  mla: 'Henzinger, Thomas A. “Masaccio: A Formal Model for Embedded Components.” <i>Proceedings
    of the 1st International Conference on Theoretical Computer Science </i>, vol.
    1872, Springer, 2000, pp. 549–63, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-44929-9_38">10.1007/3-540-44929-9_38</a>.'
  short: T.A. Henzinger, in:, Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Theoretical
    Computer Science , Springer, 2000, pp. 549–563.
conference:
  end_date: 2000-08-19
  location: Sendai, Japan
  name: 'TCS: Theoretical Computer Science'
  start_date: 2000-08-17
date_created: 2018-12-11T12:09:14Z
date_published: 2000-01-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2023-04-13T13:48:08Z
day: '01'
doi: 10.1007/3-540-44929-9_38
extern: '1'
intvolume: '      1872'
language:
- iso: eng
month: '01'
oa_version: None
page: 549 - 563
publication: 'Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Theoretical Computer
  Science '
publication_identifier:
  isbn:
  - '9783540678236'
publication_status: published
publisher: Springer
publist_id: '215'
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: 'Masaccio: A formal model for embedded components'
type: conference
user_id: ea97e931-d5af-11eb-85d4-e6957dddbf17
volume: 1872
year: '2000'
...
---
_id: '4513'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: 'A hybrid automaton is a formal model for a mixed discrete-continuous system.
    We classify hybrid automata according to what questions about their behavior can
    be answered algorithmically. The classification reveals structure on mixed discrete-continuous
    state spaces that was previously studied on purely discrete state spaces only.
    In particular, various classes of hybrid automata induce finitary trace equivalence
    (or similarity, or bisimilarity) relations on an uncountable state space, thus
    permitting the application of various model-checking techniques that were originally
    developed for finitestate systems. '
acknowledgement: 'This research was supported in part by the Office of Naval Research
  Young Investigator award N00014-95-1-0520, by the National Science Foundation CAREER
  award CCR-9501708, by the National Science Foundation grant CR9504469, by the Air
  Force Office of Scientific Research contract F49620-93-1-0056, by the Army Research
  Office MURI grant DAAH-04-96-1-0341, by the Advanced Research Projects Agency grant
  NAG2-892, and by the Semiconductor Research Corporation contract 96-DC-324.036. '
alternative_title:
- 'NATO ASI Series F: Computer and Systems Sciences'
article_processing_charge: No
author:
- first_name: Thomas A
  full_name: Henzinger, Thomas A
  id: 40876CD8-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Henzinger
  orcid: 0000−0002−2985−7724
citation:
  ama: 'Henzinger TA. The theory of hybrid automata. In: Inan M, Kurshan R, eds. <i>Verification
    of Digital and Hybrid Systems</i>. Vol 170. Springer; 2000:265-292. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-59615-5">10.1007/978-3-642-59615-5</a>'
  apa: Henzinger, T. A. (2000). The theory of hybrid automata. In M. Inan &#38; R.
    Kurshan (Eds.), <i>Verification of Digital and Hybrid Systems</i> (Vol. 170, pp.
    265–292). Springer. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-59615-5">https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-59615-5</a>
  chicago: Henzinger, Thomas A. “The Theory of Hybrid Automata.” In <i>Verification
    of Digital and Hybrid Systems</i>, edited by M. Inan and Robert Kurshan, 170:265–92.
    Springer, 2000. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-59615-5">https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-59615-5</a>.
  ieee: T. A. Henzinger, “The theory of hybrid automata,” in <i>Verification of Digital
    and Hybrid Systems</i>, vol. 170, M. Inan and R. Kurshan, Eds. Springer, 2000,
    pp. 265–292.
  ista: 'Henzinger TA. 2000.The theory of hybrid automata. In: Verification of Digital
    and Hybrid Systems. NATO ASI Series F: Computer and Systems Sciences, vol. 170,
    265–292.'
  mla: Henzinger, Thomas A. “The Theory of Hybrid Automata.” <i>Verification of Digital
    and Hybrid Systems</i>, edited by M. Inan and Robert Kurshan, vol. 170, Springer,
    2000, pp. 265–92, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-59615-5">10.1007/978-3-642-59615-5</a>.
  short: T.A. Henzinger, in:, M. Inan, R. Kurshan (Eds.), Verification of Digital
    and Hybrid Systems, Springer, 2000, pp. 265–292.
date_created: 2018-12-11T12:09:14Z
date_published: 2000-04-28T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2023-04-18T12:37:17Z
day: '28'
doi: 10.1007/978-3-642-59615-5
editor:
- first_name: M.
  full_name: Inan, M.
  last_name: Inan
- first_name: Robert
  full_name: Kurshan, Robert
  last_name: Kurshan
extern: '1'
intvolume: '       170'
language:
- iso: eng
month: '04'
oa_version: None
page: 265 - 292
publication: Verification of Digital and Hybrid Systems
publication_identifier:
  isbn:
  - '9783642596155'
publication_status: published
publisher: Springer
publist_id: '216'
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: The theory of hybrid automata
type: book_chapter
user_id: ea97e931-d5af-11eb-85d4-e6957dddbf17
volume: 170
year: '2000'
...
