---
_id: '897'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: "Transcription is a slow and expensive process: in eukaryotes, approximately
    20 nucleotides can be transcribed per second at the expense of at least two ATP
    molecules per nucleotide. Thus, at least for highly expressed genes, transcription
    of long introns, which are particularly common in mammals, is costly. Using data
    on the expression of genes that encode proteins in Caenorhabditis elegans and
    Homo sapiens, we show that introns in highly expressed genes are substantially
    shorter than those in genes that are expressed at low levels. This difference
    is greater in humans, such that introns are, on average, 14 times shorter in highly
    expressed genes than in genes with low expression, whereas in C. Elegans the difference
    in intron length is only twofold. In contrast, the density of introns in a gene
    does not strongly depend on the level of gene expression. Thus, natural selection
    appears to favor short introns in highly expressed genes to minimize the cost
    of transcription and other molecular processes, such as splicing.\r\n"
acknowledgement: We are grateful to A. Kondrashov, I. Rogozin and A. Feldman for reading
  the manuscript and P. Bouman, J. Cherry, J. Blumensteil and T. Kim for discussion.
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Cristian
  full_name: Castillo Davis, Cristian
  last_name: Castillo Davis
- first_name: Sergei
  full_name: Mekhedov, Sergei
  last_name: Mekhedov
- first_name: Daniel
  full_name: Hartl, Daniel
  last_name: Hartl
- first_name: Eugene
  full_name: Koonin, Eugene
  last_name: Koonin
- first_name: Fyodor
  full_name: Kondrashov, Fyodor
  id: 44FDEF62-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Kondrashov
  orcid: 0000-0001-8243-4694
citation:
  ama: Castillo Davis C, Mekhedov S, Hartl D, Koonin E, Kondrashov F. Selection for
    short introns in highly expressed genes. <i>Nature Genetics</i>. 2002;31(4):415-418.
    doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/ng940">10.1038/ng940</a>
  apa: Castillo Davis, C., Mekhedov, S., Hartl, D., Koonin, E., &#38; Kondrashov,
    F. (2002). Selection for short introns in highly expressed genes. <i>Nature Genetics</i>.
    Nature Publishing Group. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/ng940">https://doi.org/10.1038/ng940</a>
  chicago: Castillo Davis, Cristian, Sergei Mekhedov, Daniel Hartl, Eugene Koonin,
    and Fyodor Kondrashov. “Selection for Short Introns in Highly Expressed Genes.”
    <i>Nature Genetics</i>. Nature Publishing Group, 2002. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/ng940">https://doi.org/10.1038/ng940</a>.
  ieee: C. Castillo Davis, S. Mekhedov, D. Hartl, E. Koonin, and F. Kondrashov, “Selection
    for short introns in highly expressed genes,” <i>Nature Genetics</i>, vol. 31,
    no. 4. Nature Publishing Group, pp. 415–418, 2002.
  ista: Castillo Davis C, Mekhedov S, Hartl D, Koonin E, Kondrashov F. 2002. Selection
    for short introns in highly expressed genes. Nature Genetics. 31(4), 415–418.
  mla: Castillo Davis, Cristian, et al. “Selection for Short Introns in Highly Expressed
    Genes.” <i>Nature Genetics</i>, vol. 31, no. 4, Nature Publishing Group, 2002,
    pp. 415–18, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/ng940">10.1038/ng940</a>.
  short: C. Castillo Davis, S. Mekhedov, D. Hartl, E. Koonin, F. Kondrashov, Nature
    Genetics 31 (2002) 415–418.
date_created: 2018-12-11T11:49:05Z
date_published: 2002-08-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2023-07-26T09:45:30Z
day: '01'
doi: 10.1038/ng940
extern: '1'
external_id:
  pmid:
  - '12134150'
intvolume: '        31'
issue: '4'
language:
- iso: eng
month: '08'
oa_version: None
page: 415 - 418
pmid: 1
publication: Nature Genetics
publication_status: published
publisher: Nature Publishing Group
publist_id: '6751'
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: Selection for short introns in highly expressed genes
type: journal_article
user_id: ea97e931-d5af-11eb-85d4-e6957dddbf17
volume: 31
year: '2002'
...
---
_id: '1737'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: A new solvent-free composite polymer electrolyte consisting of high-molecular
    mass polyethylene oxide (PEO) filled with titanium oxide and containing LiI and
    I2 was developed. The introduction of the inorganic filler (TiO2 Degussa P25)
    into the polymer matrix produces dramatic morphological changes to the host polymer
    structure. Upon addition of the inorganic oxide, the surface roughness increases,
    with respect to the original polymer and in parallel, the fractal dimension decreases.
    Both the thermograms and the atomic force microscope (AFM) pictures confirm the
    amorphicity of the composite electrolyte. The polymer sub-units are held together
    in a parallel orientation, forming straight long chains of about 500 nm in width,
    along which TiO2 spherical particles of about 20-25 nm in diameter are distributed.
    The polymer chains separated by the titania particles are arranged in a three-dimensional,
    mechanically stable network, that creates free space and voids into which the
    iodide/triodide anions can easily migrate. All solid-state dye-sensitized solar
    cells fabricated using this composite electrolyte present high efficiencies (typical
    maximum incident photon to current efficiency (IPCE) as high as 40% at 520 nm
    and overall conversion efficiency (η) of 0.96% (Voc = 0.67 V, Jsc = 2.050 mA/cm2,
    FF = 39%) under direct solar irradiation. Further improvement of the photovoltaic
    performance is expected by optimization of the electrolyte parameters and of the
    cell assembly.
acknowledgement: Financial support from NCSR “Demokritos” (Dimoerevna 598 project),
  Empeirikeion Foundation and General Secretariat for Research and Technology of Greece
  (EPET II, Greece–France and Greece–Czech Republic bilateral collaboration projects)
  is also greatly acknowledged. G. Katsaros thanks the Greek State Scholarships Foundation
  (IKY) for fellowship allowance
article_processing_charge: No
author:
- first_name: Georgios
  full_name: Katsaros, Georgios
  id: 38DB5788-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Katsaros
- first_name: Thomas
  full_name: Stergiopoulos, Thomas
  last_name: Stergiopoulos
- first_name: Iannis
  full_name: Arabatzis, Iannis
  last_name: Arabatzis
- first_name: Kyriaki
  full_name: Papadokostaki, Kyriaki
  last_name: Papadokostaki
- first_name: Polycarpos
  full_name: Falaras, Polycarpos
  last_name: Falaras
citation:
  ama: 'Katsaros G, Stergiopoulos T, Arabatzis I, Papadokostaki K, Falaras P. A solvent-free
    composite polymer/inorganic oxide electrolyte for high efficiency solid-state
    dye-sensitized solar cells. <i>Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A: Chemistry</i>.
    2002;149(1-3):191-198. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/S1010-6030(02)00027-8">10.1016/S1010-6030(02)00027-8</a>'
  apa: 'Katsaros, G., Stergiopoulos, T., Arabatzis, I., Papadokostaki, K., &#38; Falaras,
    P. (2002). A solvent-free composite polymer/inorganic oxide electrolyte for high
    efficiency solid-state dye-sensitized solar cells. <i>Journal of Photochemistry
    and Photobiology A: Chemistry</i>. Elsevier. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/S1010-6030(02)00027-8">https://doi.org/10.1016/S1010-6030(02)00027-8</a>'
  chicago: 'Katsaros, Georgios, Thomas Stergiopoulos, Iannis Arabatzis, Kyriaki Papadokostaki,
    and Polycarpos Falaras. “A Solvent-Free Composite Polymer/Inorganic Oxide Electrolyte
    for High Efficiency Solid-State Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells.” <i>Journal of Photochemistry
    and Photobiology A: Chemistry</i>. Elsevier, 2002. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/S1010-6030(02)00027-8">https://doi.org/10.1016/S1010-6030(02)00027-8</a>.'
  ieee: 'G. Katsaros, T. Stergiopoulos, I. Arabatzis, K. Papadokostaki, and P. Falaras,
    “A solvent-free composite polymer/inorganic oxide electrolyte for high efficiency
    solid-state dye-sensitized solar cells,” <i>Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology
    A: Chemistry</i>, vol. 149, no. 1–3. Elsevier, pp. 191–198, 2002.'
  ista: 'Katsaros G, Stergiopoulos T, Arabatzis I, Papadokostaki K, Falaras P. 2002.
    A solvent-free composite polymer/inorganic oxide electrolyte for high efficiency
    solid-state dye-sensitized solar cells. Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology
    A: Chemistry. 149(1–3), 191–198.'
  mla: 'Katsaros, Georgios, et al. “A Solvent-Free Composite Polymer/Inorganic Oxide
    Electrolyte for High Efficiency Solid-State Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells.” <i>Journal
    of Photochemistry and Photobiology A: Chemistry</i>, vol. 149, no. 1–3, Elsevier,
    2002, pp. 191–98, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/S1010-6030(02)00027-8">10.1016/S1010-6030(02)00027-8</a>.'
  short: 'G. Katsaros, T. Stergiopoulos, I. Arabatzis, K. Papadokostaki, P. Falaras,
    Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A: Chemistry 149 (2002) 191–198.'
date_created: 2018-12-11T11:53:44Z
date_published: 2002-06-28T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2023-07-26T08:56:55Z
day: '28'
doi: 10.1016/S1010-6030(02)00027-8
extern: '1'
intvolume: '       149'
issue: 1-3
language:
- iso: eng
month: '06'
oa_version: None
page: 191 - 198
publication: 'Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A: Chemistry'
publication_identifier:
  issn:
  - 1010-6030
publication_status: published
publisher: Elsevier
publist_id: '5387'
status: public
title: A solvent-free composite polymer/inorganic oxide electrolyte for high efficiency
  solid-state dye-sensitized solar cells
type: journal_article
user_id: ea97e931-d5af-11eb-85d4-e6957dddbf17
volume: 149
year: '2002'
...
---
_id: '1738'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: New dyes of the type Ru(II)(bdmpp)(bpy) [where bdmpp is 2,6-bis(3,5-dimethyl-N-pyrazoyl)pyridine
    and bpy is 2,2′-bipyridine-4,4′-dicarboxylic acid] are prepared and characterized
    by infra-red (IR), mass (MS) and electrospray mass spectroscopy (ES-MS) as well
    as 1H NMR (1D and 2D) spectroscopies. The compounds present broad and very high
    intensity MLCT absorption bands in the visible and can be chemically anchored
    on TiO2 films via ester-like linkage involving carboxylato groups. These complexes
    have been tested with success as potential molecular antennas in dye-sensitized
    solar cells. Both opaque and transparent nanocrystalline TiO2 thin film electrodes
    obtained by a doctor blade technique sensitized by these complexes were incorporated
    in a sandwich type regenerative photoelectrochemical solar cell containing 0.1M
    LiI +0.01M I2 in propylene carbonate as well as a platinized conductive glass
    counter electrode. The cell was characterized by Raman spectroscopy under anodic
    and cathodic bias. Two new vibration bands were observed in the lower frequency
    region. The first one at 112 cm-1 is due to tri-iodide formed on the photoactive
    electrode, and the second one at 167 cm-1 is a sign of the dye/iodide interaction
    and corresponds to a vibration in a chemically stable &quot;DI&quot; intermediate
    species. Under direct sunlight illumination (solar irradiance of 60 mW/cm2) by
    using a composite polymer solid state electrolyte, the cell ITO/TiO2/[Ru(II)(bdmpp)(bpy)(NCS)](PF6)/electrolyte/Pt-ITO
    produced a continuous photocurrent as high as 4.29mA/cm2, and gave IPCE values
    about half of the corresponding values obtained by the standard N3 dye under the
    same conditions. The photovoltage is about 600 mV and the overall energy conversion
    cell's efficiency is as high as 1.72%.
author:
- first_name: Polycarpos
  full_name: Falaras, Polycarpos
  last_name: Falaras
- first_name: Katerina
  full_name: Chryssou, Katerina
  last_name: Chryssou
- first_name: Thomas
  full_name: Stergiopoulos, Thomas
  last_name: Stergiopoulos
- first_name: Ioannis
  full_name: Arabatzis, Ioannis M
  last_name: Arabatzis
- first_name: Georgios
  full_name: Georgios Katsaros
  id: 38DB5788-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Katsaros
- first_name: Vincent
  full_name: Catalano, Vincent J
  last_name: Catalano
- first_name: Raif
  full_name: Kurtaran, Raif
  last_name: Kurtaran
- first_name: Anne
  full_name: Hugot-Le Goff, Anne
  last_name: Hugot Le Goff
- first_name: Marie
  full_name: Bernard, Marie C
  last_name: Bernard
citation:
  ama: 'Falaras P, Chryssou K, Stergiopoulos T, et al. Dye-sensitization of titanium
    dioxide thin films by Ru(II)-bpp-bpy complexes. In: Vol 4801. SPIE; 2002:125-135.
    doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1117/12.452446">10.1117/12.452446</a>'
  apa: Falaras, P., Chryssou, K., Stergiopoulos, T., Arabatzis, I., Katsaros, G.,
    Catalano, V., … Bernard, M. (2002). Dye-sensitization of titanium dioxide thin
    films by Ru(II)-bpp-bpy complexes (Vol. 4801, pp. 125–135). Presented at the Organic
    Photovoltaics, SPIE. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1117/12.452446">https://doi.org/10.1117/12.452446</a>
  chicago: Falaras, Polycarpos, Katerina Chryssou, Thomas Stergiopoulos, Ioannis Arabatzis,
    Georgios Katsaros, Vincent Catalano, Raif Kurtaran, Anne Hugot Le Goff, and Marie
    Bernard. “Dye-Sensitization of Titanium Dioxide Thin Films by Ru(II)-Bpp-Bpy Complexes,”
    4801:125–35. SPIE, 2002. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1117/12.452446">https://doi.org/10.1117/12.452446</a>.
  ieee: P. Falaras <i>et al.</i>, “Dye-sensitization of titanium dioxide thin films
    by Ru(II)-bpp-bpy complexes,” presented at the Organic Photovoltaics, 2002, vol.
    4801, pp. 125–135.
  ista: Falaras P, Chryssou K, Stergiopoulos T, Arabatzis I, Katsaros G, Catalano
    V, Kurtaran R, Hugot Le Goff A, Bernard M. 2002. Dye-sensitization of titanium
    dioxide thin films by Ru(II)-bpp-bpy complexes. Organic Photovoltaics vol. 4801,
    125–135.
  mla: Falaras, Polycarpos, et al. <i>Dye-Sensitization of Titanium Dioxide Thin Films
    by Ru(II)-Bpp-Bpy Complexes</i>. Vol. 4801, SPIE, 2002, pp. 125–35, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1117/12.452446">10.1117/12.452446</a>.
  short: P. Falaras, K. Chryssou, T. Stergiopoulos, I. Arabatzis, G. Katsaros, V.
    Catalano, R. Kurtaran, A. Hugot Le Goff, M. Bernard, in:, SPIE, 2002, pp. 125–135.
conference:
  name: Organic Photovoltaics
date_created: 2018-12-11T11:53:45Z
date_published: 2002-01-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2021-01-12T06:52:53Z
day: '01'
doi: 10.1117/12.452446
extern: 1
intvolume: '      4801'
month: '01'
page: 125 - 135
publication_status: published
publisher: SPIE
publist_id: '5385'
quality_controlled: 0
status: public
title: Dye-sensitization of titanium dioxide thin films by Ru(II)-bpp-bpy complexes
type: conference
volume: 4801
year: '2002'
...
---
_id: '1739'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: Poly(ethylene oxide)/titania polymer electrolyte based photoelectrochemical
    cells have been fabricated with Ru(dcbpy)2(NCS)2 complex as the sensitizer and
    nanoporous TiO2 films as photoanodes. The introduction of the titania filler into
    the poly(ethylene oxide) matrix reduces the crystallinity of the polymer and enhances
    the mobility of the 1-/13 - redox couple, resulting in outstanding overall conversion
    efficiency (4.2% under direct sunlight illumination) of the corresponding dye-sensitized
    nanocrystalline TiO2 solar cell, one of the best efficiencies reported to date
    for a solid-state device.
acknowledgement: 'Financial support from NCSR “Demokritos” and GSRT-Greece is greatly
  acknowledged. '
author:
- first_name: Thomas
  full_name: Stergiopoulos, Thomas
  last_name: Stergiopoulos
- first_name: Iannis
  full_name: Arabatzis, Iannis M
  last_name: Arabatzis
- first_name: Georgios
  full_name: Georgios Katsaros
  id: 38DB5788-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Katsaros
- first_name: Polycarpos
  full_name: Falaras, Polycarpos
  last_name: Falaras
citation:
  ama: Stergiopoulos T, Arabatzis I, Katsaros G, Falaras P. Binary Polyethylene Oxide/Titania
    Solid-State Redox Electrolyte for Highly Efficient Nanocrystalline TiO2 Photoelectrochemical
    Cells. <i>Nano Letters</i>. 2002;2(11):1259-1261. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1021/nl025798u">10.1021/nl025798u</a>
  apa: Stergiopoulos, T., Arabatzis, I., Katsaros, G., &#38; Falaras, P. (2002). Binary
    Polyethylene Oxide/Titania Solid-State Redox Electrolyte for Highly Efficient
    Nanocrystalline TiO2 Photoelectrochemical Cells. <i>Nano Letters</i>. American
    Chemical Society. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1021/nl025798u">https://doi.org/10.1021/nl025798u</a>
  chicago: Stergiopoulos, Thomas, Iannis Arabatzis, Georgios Katsaros, and Polycarpos
    Falaras. “Binary Polyethylene Oxide/Titania Solid-State Redox Electrolyte for
    Highly Efficient Nanocrystalline TiO2 Photoelectrochemical Cells.” <i>Nano Letters</i>.
    American Chemical Society, 2002. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1021/nl025798u">https://doi.org/10.1021/nl025798u</a>.
  ieee: T. Stergiopoulos, I. Arabatzis, G. Katsaros, and P. Falaras, “Binary Polyethylene
    Oxide/Titania Solid-State Redox Electrolyte for Highly Efficient Nanocrystalline
    TiO2 Photoelectrochemical Cells,” <i>Nano Letters</i>, vol. 2, no. 11. American
    Chemical Society, pp. 1259–1261, 2002.
  ista: Stergiopoulos T, Arabatzis I, Katsaros G, Falaras P. 2002. Binary Polyethylene
    Oxide/Titania Solid-State Redox Electrolyte for Highly Efficient Nanocrystalline
    TiO2 Photoelectrochemical Cells. Nano Letters. 2(11), 1259–1261.
  mla: Stergiopoulos, Thomas, et al. “Binary Polyethylene Oxide/Titania Solid-State
    Redox Electrolyte for Highly Efficient Nanocrystalline TiO2 Photoelectrochemical
    Cells.” <i>Nano Letters</i>, vol. 2, no. 11, American Chemical Society, 2002,
    pp. 1259–61, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1021/nl025798u">10.1021/nl025798u</a>.
  short: T. Stergiopoulos, I. Arabatzis, G. Katsaros, P. Falaras, Nano Letters 2 (2002)
    1259–1261.
date_created: 2018-12-11T11:53:45Z
date_published: 2002-11-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2021-01-12T06:52:53Z
day: '01'
doi: 10.1021/nl025798u
extern: 1
intvolume: '         2'
issue: '11'
month: '11'
page: 1259 - 1261
publication: Nano Letters
publication_status: published
publisher: American Chemical Society
publist_id: '5386'
quality_controlled: 0
status: public
title: Binary Polyethylene Oxide/Titania Solid-State Redox Electrolyte for Highly
  Efficient Nanocrystalline TiO2 Photoelectrochemical Cells
type: journal_article
volume: 2
year: '2002'
...
---
_id: '204'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: Let k⩾5 be an integer, and let x⩾1 be an arbitrary real number. We derive
    a bound[Formula presented] for the number of positive integers less than or equal
    to x which can be represented as a sum of two non-negative coprime kth powers,
    in essentially more than one way.
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Timothy D
  full_name: Browning, Timothy D
  id: 35827D50-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Browning
  orcid: 0000-0002-8314-0177
citation:
  ama: Browning TD. Equal Sums of Two kth Powers. <i>Journal of Number Theory</i>.
    2002;96(2):293-318. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1006/jnth.2002.2800">10.1006/jnth.2002.2800</a>
  apa: Browning, T. D. (2002). Equal Sums of Two kth Powers. <i>Journal of Number
    Theory</i>. Academic Press. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1006/jnth.2002.2800">https://doi.org/10.1006/jnth.2002.2800</a>
  chicago: Browning, Timothy D. “Equal Sums of Two Kth Powers.” <i>Journal of Number
    Theory</i>. Academic Press, 2002. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1006/jnth.2002.2800">https://doi.org/10.1006/jnth.2002.2800</a>.
  ieee: T. D. Browning, “Equal Sums of Two kth Powers,” <i>Journal of Number Theory</i>,
    vol. 96, no. 2. Academic Press, pp. 293–318, 2002.
  ista: Browning TD. 2002. Equal Sums of Two kth Powers. Journal of Number Theory.
    96(2), 293–318.
  mla: Browning, Timothy D. “Equal Sums of Two Kth Powers.” <i>Journal of Number Theory</i>,
    vol. 96, no. 2, Academic Press, 2002, pp. 293–318, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1006/jnth.2002.2800">10.1006/jnth.2002.2800</a>.
  short: T.D. Browning, Journal of Number Theory 96 (2002) 293–318.
date_created: 2018-12-11T11:45:11Z
date_published: 2002-10-02T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2023-07-26T12:15:14Z
day: '02'
doi: 10.1006/jnth.2002.2800
extern: '1'
intvolume: '        96'
issue: '2'
language:
- iso: eng
month: '10'
oa_version: Published Version
page: 293 - 318
publication: Journal of Number Theory
publication_identifier:
  issn:
  - 0022-314X
publication_status: published
publisher: Academic Press
publist_id: '7708'
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: Equal Sums of Two kth Powers
tmp:
  image: /images/cc_by.png
  legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode
  name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)
  short: CC BY (4.0)
type: journal_article
user_id: ea97e931-d5af-11eb-85d4-e6957dddbf17
volume: 96
year: '2002'
...
---
_id: '2338'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: Now that the low temperature properties of quantum-mechanical many-body systems
    (bosons) at low density, ρ, can be examined experimentally it is appropriate to
    revisit some of the formulas deduced by many authors 4-5 decades ago. For systems
    with repulsive (i.e. positive) interaction potentials the experimental low temperature
    state and the ground state are effectively synonymous -- and this fact is used
    in all modeling. In such cases, the leading term in the energy/particle is 2πℏ2aρ/m
    where a is the scattering length of the two-body potential. Owing to the delicate
    and peculiar nature of bosonic correlations (such as the strange N7/5 law for
    charged bosons), four decades of research failed to establish this plausible formula
    rigorously. The only previous lower bound for the energy was found by Dyson in
    1957, but it was 14 times too small. The correct asymptotic formula has recently
    been obtained by us and this work will be presented. The reason behind the mathematical
    difficulties will be emphasized. A different formula, postulated as late as 1971
    by Schick, holds in two-dimensions and this, too, will be shown to be correct.
    With the aid of the methodology developed to prove the lower bound for the homogeneous
    gas, two other problems have been successfully addressed. One is the proof by
    us that the Gross-Pitaevskii equation correctly describes the ground state in
    the `traps' actually used in the experiments. For this system it is also possible
    to prove complete Bose condensation, as we have shown. Another topic is a proof
    that Foldy's 1961 theory of a high density Bose gas of charged particles correctly
    describes its ground state energy.
alternative_title:
- Current Developments in Mathematics
article_processing_charge: No
arxiv: 1
author:
- first_name: Élliott
  full_name: Lieb, Élliott
  last_name: Lieb
- first_name: Jan
  full_name: Solovej, Jan
  last_name: Solovej
- first_name: Robert
  full_name: Seiringer, Robert
  id: 4AFD0470-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Seiringer
  orcid: 0000-0002-6781-0521
- first_name: Jakob
  full_name: Yngvason, Jakob
  last_name: Yngvason
citation:
  ama: 'Lieb É, Solovej J, Seiringer R, Yngvason J. The ground state of the Bose gas.
    In: <i>Current Developments in Mathematics, 2001</i>. International Press; 2002:131-178.
    doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.math-ph/0204027">10.48550/arXiv.math-ph/0204027</a>'
  apa: Lieb, É., Solovej, J., Seiringer, R., &#38; Yngvason, J. (2002). The ground
    state of the Bose gas. In <i>Current Developments in Mathematics, 2001</i> (pp.
    131–178). International Press. <a href="https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.math-ph/0204027">https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.math-ph/0204027</a>
  chicago: Lieb, Élliott, Jan Solovej, Robert Seiringer, and Jakob Yngvason. “The
    Ground State of the Bose Gas.” In <i>Current Developments in Mathematics, 2001</i>,
    131–78. International Press, 2002. <a href="https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.math-ph/0204027">https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.math-ph/0204027</a>.
  ieee: É. Lieb, J. Solovej, R. Seiringer, and J. Yngvason, “The ground state of the
    Bose gas,” in <i>Current Developments in Mathematics, 2001</i>, International
    Press, 2002, pp. 131–178.
  ista: 'Lieb É, Solovej J, Seiringer R, Yngvason J. 2002.The ground state of the
    Bose gas. In: Current Developments in Mathematics, 2001. Current Developments
    in Mathematics, , 131–178.'
  mla: Lieb, Élliott, et al. “The Ground State of the Bose Gas.” <i>Current Developments
    in Mathematics, 2001</i>, International Press, 2002, pp. 131–78, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.math-ph/0204027">10.48550/arXiv.math-ph/0204027</a>.
  short: É. Lieb, J. Solovej, R. Seiringer, J. Yngvason, in:, Current Developments
    in Mathematics, 2001, International Press, 2002, pp. 131–178.
date_created: 2018-12-11T11:57:04Z
date_published: 2002-01-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2023-07-26T08:43:46Z
day: '01'
doi: 10.48550/arXiv.math-ph/0204027
extern: '1'
external_id:
  arxiv:
  - math-ph/0204027
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
  url: http://arxiv.org/abs/math-ph/0204027
month: '01'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
page: 131 - 178
publication: Current Developments in Mathematics, 2001
publication_identifier:
  isbn:
  - '9781571461018'
publication_status: published
publisher: International Press
publist_id: '4588'
status: public
title: The ground state of the Bose gas
type: book_chapter
user_id: ea97e931-d5af-11eb-85d4-e6957dddbf17
year: '2002'
...
---
_id: '2339'
alternative_title:
- Contemporary Mathematics
author:
- first_name: Robert
  full_name: Robert Seiringer
  id: 4AFD0470-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Seiringer
  orcid: 0000-0002-6781-0521
citation:
  ama: 'Seiringer R. Symmetry breaking in a model of a rotating Bose gas. In: Weder
    R, Exner P, Grébert B, eds. Vol 307. World Scientific Publishing; 2002:281-286.
    doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1090/conm/307">10.1090/conm/307</a>'
  apa: 'Seiringer, R. (2002). Symmetry breaking in a model of a rotating Bose gas.
    In R. Weder, P. Exner, &#38; B. Grébert (Eds.) (Vol. 307, pp. 281–286). Presented
    at the QMath: Mathematical Results in Quantum Physics, World Scientific Publishing.
    <a href="https://doi.org/10.1090/conm/307">https://doi.org/10.1090/conm/307</a>'
  chicago: Seiringer, Robert. “Symmetry Breaking in a Model of a Rotating Bose Gas.”
    edited by Richardo Weder, Pavel Exner, and Benoit Grébert, 307:281–86. World Scientific
    Publishing, 2002. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1090/conm/307">https://doi.org/10.1090/conm/307</a>.
  ieee: 'R. Seiringer, “Symmetry breaking in a model of a rotating Bose gas,” presented
    at the QMath: Mathematical Results in Quantum Physics, 2002, vol. 307, pp. 281–286.'
  ista: 'Seiringer R. 2002. Symmetry breaking in a model of a rotating Bose gas. QMath:
    Mathematical Results in Quantum Physics, Contemporary Mathematics, vol. 307, 281–286.'
  mla: Seiringer, Robert. <i>Symmetry Breaking in a Model of a Rotating Bose Gas</i>.
    Edited by Richardo Weder et al., vol. 307, World Scientific Publishing, 2002,
    pp. 281–86, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1090/conm/307">10.1090/conm/307</a>.
  short: R. Seiringer, in:, R. Weder, P. Exner, B. Grébert (Eds.), World Scientific
    Publishing, 2002, pp. 281–286.
conference:
  name: 'QMath: Mathematical Results in Quantum Physics'
date_created: 2018-12-11T11:57:05Z
date_published: 2002-01-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2021-01-12T06:56:53Z
day: '01'
doi: 10.1090/conm/307
editor:
- first_name: Richardo
  full_name: Weder, Richardo
  last_name: Weder
- first_name: Pavel
  full_name: Exner, Pavel
  last_name: Exner
- first_name: Benoit
  full_name: Grébert, Benoit
  last_name: Grébert
extern: 1
intvolume: '       307'
month: '01'
page: 281 - 286
publication_status: published
publisher: World Scientific Publishing
publist_id: '4587'
quality_controlled: 0
status: public
title: Symmetry breaking in a model of a rotating Bose gas
type: conference
volume: 307
year: '2002'
...
---
_id: '2349'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: The Bose-Einstein condensation (BEC) of the ground state of bosonic atoms
    in a trap was discussed. The BEC was proved for bosons with two-body repulsive
    interaction potentials in the dilute limit, starting from the basic Schrodinger
    equation. The BEC was 100% into the state which minimized the Gross-Pitaevskii
    energy functional. The analysis also included rigorous proof of BEC in a physically
    realistic, continuum model.
author:
- first_name: Élliott
  full_name: Lieb, Élliott H
  last_name: Lieb
- first_name: Robert
  full_name: Robert Seiringer
  id: 4AFD0470-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Seiringer
  orcid: 0000-0002-6781-0521
citation:
  ama: Lieb É, Seiringer R. Proof of Bose-Einstein condensation for dilute trapped
    gases. <i>Physical Review Letters</i>. 2002;88(17):1704091-1704094. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.88.170409">10.1103/PhysRevLett.88.170409</a>
  apa: Lieb, É., &#38; Seiringer, R. (2002). Proof of Bose-Einstein condensation for
    dilute trapped gases. <i>Physical Review Letters</i>. American Physical Society.
    <a href="https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.88.170409">https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.88.170409</a>
  chicago: Lieb, Élliott, and Robert Seiringer. “Proof of Bose-Einstein Condensation
    for Dilute Trapped Gases.” <i>Physical Review Letters</i>. American Physical Society,
    2002. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.88.170409">https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.88.170409</a>.
  ieee: É. Lieb and R. Seiringer, “Proof of Bose-Einstein condensation for dilute
    trapped gases,” <i>Physical Review Letters</i>, vol. 88, no. 17. American Physical
    Society, pp. 1704091–1704094, 2002.
  ista: Lieb É, Seiringer R. 2002. Proof of Bose-Einstein condensation for dilute
    trapped gases. Physical Review Letters. 88(17), 1704091–1704094.
  mla: Lieb, Élliott, and Robert Seiringer. “Proof of Bose-Einstein Condensation for
    Dilute Trapped Gases.” <i>Physical Review Letters</i>, vol. 88, no. 17, American
    Physical Society, 2002, pp. 1704091–94, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.88.170409">10.1103/PhysRevLett.88.170409</a>.
  short: É. Lieb, R. Seiringer, Physical Review Letters 88 (2002) 1704091–1704094.
date_created: 2018-12-11T11:57:08Z
date_published: 2002-04-29T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2021-01-12T06:56:56Z
day: '29'
doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.88.170409
extern: 1
intvolume: '        88'
issue: '17'
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
  url: http://arxiv.org/abs/math-ph/0112032
month: '04'
oa: 1
page: 1704091 - 1704094
publication: Physical Review Letters
publication_status: published
publisher: American Physical Society
publist_id: '4577'
quality_controlled: 0
status: public
title: Proof of Bose-Einstein condensation for dilute trapped gases
type: journal_article
volume: 88
year: '2002'
...
---
_id: '2350'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: Using the Pauli-Fierz model of non-relativistic quantum electrodynamics, we
    calculate the binding energy of an electron in the field of a nucleus of charge
    Z and in presence of the quantized radiation field. We consider the case of small
    coupling constant α, but fixed Zα and ultraviolet cut-off Λ. We prove that after
    renormalizing the mass the binding energy has, to leading order in α, a finite
    limit as Λ goes to infinity; i.e., the cut-off can be removed. The expression
    for the ground state energy shift thus obtained agrees with Bethe's formula for
    small values of Zα, but shows a different behavior for bigger values.
acknowledgement: "We are grateful to Elliott Lieb for helpful discussions. C.H. was
  supported by a Marie Curie Fellowship of the European Community programme “Improving
  Human Research Potential and the Socioeconomic Knowledge Base” under contract number
  HPMFCT-2000-00660 and by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, and acknowledges kind
  hospitality at Princeton University, where part of this work was done. R.S. was
  supported by the Austrian Science Fund in the form of an Erwin Schrödinger Fellowship.\r\n"
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
arxiv: 1
author:
- first_name: Christian
  full_name: Hainzl, Christian
  last_name: Hainzl
- first_name: Robert
  full_name: Seiringer, Robert
  id: 4AFD0470-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Seiringer
  orcid: 0000-0002-6781-0521
citation:
  ama: Hainzl C, Seiringer R. Mass renormalization and energy level shift in non-relativistic
    QED. <i>Advances in Theoretical and Mathematical Physics</i>. 2002;6(5):847-871.
    doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.4310/ATMP.2002.v6.n5.a3">10.4310/ATMP.2002.v6.n5.a3</a>
  apa: Hainzl, C., &#38; Seiringer, R. (2002). Mass renormalization and energy level
    shift in non-relativistic QED. <i>Advances in Theoretical and Mathematical Physics</i>.
    International Press. <a href="https://doi.org/10.4310/ATMP.2002.v6.n5.a3">https://doi.org/10.4310/ATMP.2002.v6.n5.a3</a>
  chicago: Hainzl, Christian, and Robert Seiringer. “Mass Renormalization and Energy
    Level Shift in Non-Relativistic QED.” <i>Advances in Theoretical and Mathematical
    Physics</i>. International Press, 2002. <a href="https://doi.org/10.4310/ATMP.2002.v6.n5.a3">https://doi.org/10.4310/ATMP.2002.v6.n5.a3</a>.
  ieee: C. Hainzl and R. Seiringer, “Mass renormalization and energy level shift in
    non-relativistic QED,” <i>Advances in Theoretical and Mathematical Physics</i>,
    vol. 6, no. 5. International Press, pp. 847–871, 2002.
  ista: Hainzl C, Seiringer R. 2002. Mass renormalization and energy level shift in
    non-relativistic QED. Advances in Theoretical and Mathematical Physics. 6(5),
    847–871.
  mla: Hainzl, Christian, and Robert Seiringer. “Mass Renormalization and Energy Level
    Shift in Non-Relativistic QED.” <i>Advances in Theoretical and Mathematical Physics</i>,
    vol. 6, no. 5, International Press, 2002, pp. 847–71, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.4310/ATMP.2002.v6.n5.a3">10.4310/ATMP.2002.v6.n5.a3</a>.
  short: C. Hainzl, R. Seiringer, Advances in Theoretical and Mathematical Physics
    6 (2002) 847–871.
date_created: 2018-12-11T11:57:09Z
date_published: 2002-09-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2023-07-26T08:29:28Z
day: '01'
doi: 10.4310/ATMP.2002.v6.n5.a3
extern: '1'
external_id:
  arxiv:
  - math-ph/0205044v3
intvolume: '         6'
issue: '5'
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
  url: http://arxiv.org/abs/math-ph/0205044
month: '09'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
page: 847 - 871
publication: Advances in Theoretical and Mathematical Physics
publication_identifier:
  issn:
  - 1095-0761
publication_status: published
publisher: International Press
publist_id: '4574'
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: Mass renormalization and energy level shift in non-relativistic QED
type: journal_article
user_id: ea97e931-d5af-11eb-85d4-e6957dddbf17
volume: 6
year: '2002'
...
---
_id: '2351'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: We study the Gross-Pitaevskii functional for a rotating two-dimensional Bose
    gas in a trap. We prove that there is a breaking of the rotational symmetry in
    the ground state; more precisely, for any value of the angular velocity and for
    large enough values of the interaction strength, the ground state of the functional
    is not an eigenfunction of the angular momentum. This has interesting consequences
    on the Bose gas with spin; in particular, the ground state energy depends non-trivially
    on the number of spin components, and the different components do not have the
    same wave function. For the special case of a harmonic trap potential, we give
    explicit upper and lower bounds on the critical coupling constant for symmetry
    breaking.
author:
- first_name: Robert
  full_name: Robert Seiringer
  id: 4AFD0470-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Seiringer
  orcid: 0000-0002-6781-0521
citation:
  ama: Seiringer R. Gross-Pitaevskii theory of the rotating Bose gas. <i>Communications
    in Mathematical Physics</i>. 2002;229(3):491-509. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s00220-002-0695-2">10.1007/s00220-002-0695-2</a>
  apa: Seiringer, R. (2002). Gross-Pitaevskii theory of the rotating Bose gas. <i>Communications
    in Mathematical Physics</i>. Springer. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s00220-002-0695-2">https://doi.org/10.1007/s00220-002-0695-2</a>
  chicago: Seiringer, Robert. “Gross-Pitaevskii Theory of the Rotating Bose Gas.”
    <i>Communications in Mathematical Physics</i>. Springer, 2002. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s00220-002-0695-2">https://doi.org/10.1007/s00220-002-0695-2</a>.
  ieee: R. Seiringer, “Gross-Pitaevskii theory of the rotating Bose gas,” <i>Communications
    in Mathematical Physics</i>, vol. 229, no. 3. Springer, pp. 491–509, 2002.
  ista: Seiringer R. 2002. Gross-Pitaevskii theory of the rotating Bose gas. Communications
    in Mathematical Physics. 229(3), 491–509.
  mla: Seiringer, Robert. “Gross-Pitaevskii Theory of the Rotating Bose Gas.” <i>Communications
    in Mathematical Physics</i>, vol. 229, no. 3, Springer, 2002, pp. 491–509, doi:<a
    href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s00220-002-0695-2">10.1007/s00220-002-0695-2</a>.
  short: R. Seiringer, Communications in Mathematical Physics 229 (2002) 491–509.
date_created: 2018-12-11T11:57:09Z
date_published: 2002-09-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2021-01-12T06:56:57Z
day: '01'
doi: 10.1007/s00220-002-0695-2
extern: 1
intvolume: '       229'
issue: '3'
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
  url: http://arxiv.org/abs/math-ph/0110010
month: '09'
oa: 1
page: 491 - 509
publication: Communications in Mathematical Physics
publication_status: published
publisher: Springer
publist_id: '4575'
quality_controlled: 0
status: public
title: Gross-Pitaevskii theory of the rotating Bose gas
type: journal_article
volume: 229
year: '2002'
...
---
_id: '2352'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: We present a generalization of the Fefferman-de la Llave decomposition of
    the Coulomb potential to quite arbitrary radial functions V on ℝn going to zero
    at infinity. This generalized decomposition can be used to extend previous results
    on N-body quantum systems with Coulomb interaction to a more general class of
    interactions. As an example of such an application, we derive the high density
    asymptotics of the ground state energy of jellium with Yukawa interaction in the
    thermodynamic limit, using a correlation estimate by Graf and Solovej.
author:
- first_name: Christian
  full_name: Hainzl, Christian
  last_name: Hainzl
- first_name: Robert
  full_name: Robert Seiringer
  id: 4AFD0470-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Seiringer
  orcid: 0000-0002-6781-0521
citation:
  ama: Hainzl C, Seiringer R. General decomposition of radial functions on ℝn and
    applications to N-body quantum systems. <i>Letters in Mathematical Physics</i>.
    2002;61(1):75-84. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1020204818938">10.1023/A:1020204818938</a>
  apa: Hainzl, C., &#38; Seiringer, R. (2002). General decomposition of radial functions
    on ℝn and applications to N-body quantum systems. <i>Letters in Mathematical Physics</i>.
    Springer. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1020204818938">https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1020204818938</a>
  chicago: Hainzl, Christian, and Robert Seiringer. “General Decomposition of Radial
    Functions on ℝn and Applications to N-Body Quantum Systems.” <i>Letters in Mathematical
    Physics</i>. Springer, 2002. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1020204818938">https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1020204818938</a>.
  ieee: C. Hainzl and R. Seiringer, “General decomposition of radial functions on
    ℝn and applications to N-body quantum systems,” <i>Letters in Mathematical Physics</i>,
    vol. 61, no. 1. Springer, pp. 75–84, 2002.
  ista: Hainzl C, Seiringer R. 2002. General decomposition of radial functions on
    ℝn and applications to N-body quantum systems. Letters in Mathematical Physics.
    61(1), 75–84.
  mla: Hainzl, Christian, and Robert Seiringer. “General Decomposition of Radial Functions
    on ℝn and Applications to N-Body Quantum Systems.” <i>Letters in Mathematical
    Physics</i>, vol. 61, no. 1, Springer, 2002, pp. 75–84, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1020204818938">10.1023/A:1020204818938</a>.
  short: C. Hainzl, R. Seiringer, Letters in Mathematical Physics 61 (2002) 75–84.
date_created: 2018-12-11T11:57:09Z
date_published: 2002-07-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2021-01-12T06:56:58Z
day: '01'
doi: 10.1023/A:1020204818938
extern: 1
intvolume: '        61'
issue: '1'
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
  url: http://arxiv.org/abs/math-ph/0107011
month: '07'
oa: 1
page: 75 - 84
publication: Letters in Mathematical Physics
publication_status: published
publisher: Springer
publist_id: '4576'
quality_controlled: 0
status: public
title: General decomposition of radial functions on ℝn and applications to N-body
  quantum systems
type: journal_article
volume: 61
year: '2002'
...
---
_id: '2353'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: A commonly used theoretical definition of superfluidity in the ground state
    of a Bose gas is based on the response of the system to an imposed velocity field
    or, equivalently, to twisted boundary conditions in a box. We are able to carry
    out this program in the case of a dilute interacting Bose gas in a trap, and we
    prove that a gas with repulsive interactions is 100% superfluid in the dilute
    limit in which the Gross-Pitaevskii equation is exact. This is the first example
    in an experimentally realistic continuum model in which superfluidity is rigorously
    verified.
acknowledgement: E.H.L. was partially supported by the U.S. National Science Foundation,
  Grant No. PHY 98-20650. R.S. was supported by the Austrian Science Fund in the from
  of an Erwin Schrödinger fellowship.
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
arxiv: 1
author:
- first_name: Élliott
  full_name: Lieb, Élliott
  last_name: Lieb
- first_name: Robert
  full_name: Seiringer, Robert
  id: 4AFD0470-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Seiringer
  orcid: 0000-0002-6781-0521
- first_name: Jakob
  full_name: Yngvason, Jakob
  last_name: Yngvason
citation:
  ama: Lieb É, Seiringer R, Yngvason J. Superfluidity in dilute trapped Bose gases.
    <i>Physical Review B - Condensed Matter and Materials Physics</i>. 2002;66(13).
    doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.66.134529">10.1103/PhysRevB.66.134529</a>
  apa: Lieb, É., Seiringer, R., &#38; Yngvason, J. (2002). Superfluidity in dilute
    trapped Bose gases. <i>Physical Review B - Condensed Matter and Materials Physics</i>.
    American Physical Society. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.66.134529">https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.66.134529</a>
  chicago: Lieb, Élliott, Robert Seiringer, and Jakob Yngvason. “Superfluidity in
    Dilute Trapped Bose Gases.” <i>Physical Review B - Condensed Matter and Materials
    Physics</i>. American Physical Society, 2002. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.66.134529">https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.66.134529</a>.
  ieee: É. Lieb, R. Seiringer, and J. Yngvason, “Superfluidity in dilute trapped Bose
    gases,” <i>Physical Review B - Condensed Matter and Materials Physics</i>, vol.
    66, no. 13. American Physical Society, 2002.
  ista: Lieb É, Seiringer R, Yngvason J. 2002. Superfluidity in dilute trapped Bose
    gases. Physical Review B - Condensed Matter and Materials Physics. 66(13).
  mla: Lieb, Élliott, et al. “Superfluidity in Dilute Trapped Bose Gases.” <i>Physical
    Review B - Condensed Matter and Materials Physics</i>, vol. 66, no. 13, American
    Physical Society, 2002, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.66.134529">10.1103/PhysRevB.66.134529</a>.
  short: É. Lieb, R. Seiringer, J. Yngvason, Physical Review B - Condensed Matter
    and Materials Physics 66 (2002).
date_created: 2018-12-11T11:57:10Z
date_published: 2002-10-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2023-07-25T12:05:47Z
day: '01'
doi: 10.1103/PhysRevB.66.134529
extern: '1'
external_id:
  arxiv:
  - cond-mat/0205570
intvolume: '        66'
issue: '13'
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
  url: http://arxiv.org/abs/cond-mat/0205570
month: '10'
oa: 1
oa_version: None
publication: Physical Review B - Condensed Matter and Materials Physics
publication_identifier:
  issn:
  - 0163-1829
publication_status: published
publisher: American Physical Society
publist_id: '4573'
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: Superfluidity in dilute trapped Bose gases
type: journal_article
user_id: ea97e931-d5af-11eb-85d4-e6957dddbf17
volume: 66
year: '2002'
...
---
_id: '2420'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: 'A corner cut in dimension d is a finite subset of N0d that can be separated
    from its complement in N0d by an affine hyperplane disjoint from N0d. Corner cuts
    were first investigated by Onn and Sturmfels [Adv. Appl. Math. 23 (1999) 29-48],
    their original motivation stemmed from computational commutative algebra. Let
    us write (Nd0k)cut for the set of corner cuts of cardinality k; in the computational
    geometer''s terminology, these are the k-sets of N0d. Among other things, Onn
    and Sturmfels give an upper bound of O(k2d(d-1)/(d+1)) for the size of (Nd0k)cut
    when the dimension is fixed. In two dimensions, it is known (see [Corteel et al.,
    Adv. Appl. Math. 23 (1) (1999) 49-53]) that #(Nd0k)cut = Θ(k log k). We will see
    that in general, for any fixed dimension d, the order of magnitude of #(Nd0k)cut
    is between kd-1 log k and (k log k)d-1. (It has been communicated to me that the
    same bounds have been found independently by G. Rémond.) In fact, the elements
    of (Nd0k)cut correspond to the vertices of a certain polytope, and what our proof
    shows is that the above upper bound holds for the total number of flags of that
    polytope.'
acknowledgement: "I first learned about corner cuts in a seminar talk in which Artur
  Andrzejak\r\npresented the results from [6]. My work was initiated by that presentation
  and\r\nby the discussions that followed it. I also thank Komei Fukuda, Ingo Schurr,
  and\r\nEmo Welzl for helpful comments and discussions."
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Uli
  full_name: Wagner, Uli
  id: 36690CA2-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Wagner
  orcid: 0000-0002-1494-0568
citation:
  ama: Wagner U. On the number of corner cuts. <i>Advances in Applied Mathematics</i>.
    2002;29(2):152-161. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/S0196-8858(02)00014-3">10.1016/S0196-8858(02)00014-3</a>
  apa: Wagner, U. (2002). On the number of corner cuts. <i>Advances in Applied Mathematics</i>.
    ACM. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/S0196-8858(02)00014-3">https://doi.org/10.1016/S0196-8858(02)00014-3</a>
  chicago: Wagner, Uli. “On the Number of Corner Cuts.” <i>Advances in Applied Mathematics</i>.
    ACM, 2002. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/S0196-8858(02)00014-3">https://doi.org/10.1016/S0196-8858(02)00014-3</a>.
  ieee: U. Wagner, “On the number of corner cuts,” <i>Advances in Applied Mathematics</i>,
    vol. 29, no. 2. ACM, pp. 152–161, 2002.
  ista: Wagner U. 2002. On the number of corner cuts. Advances in Applied Mathematics.
    29(2), 152–161.
  mla: Wagner, Uli. “On the Number of Corner Cuts.” <i>Advances in Applied Mathematics</i>,
    vol. 29, no. 2, ACM, 2002, pp. 152–61, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/S0196-8858(02)00014-3">10.1016/S0196-8858(02)00014-3</a>.
  short: U. Wagner, Advances in Applied Mathematics 29 (2002) 152–161.
date_created: 2018-12-11T11:57:33Z
date_published: 2002-08-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2023-07-25T11:55:42Z
day: '01'
doi: 10.1016/S0196-8858(02)00014-3
extern: '1'
intvolume: '        29'
issue: '2'
language:
- iso: eng
month: '08'
oa_version: None
page: 152 - 161
publication: Advances in Applied Mathematics
publication_identifier:
  issn:
  - 0196-8858
publication_status: published
publisher: ACM
publist_id: '4505'
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: On the number of corner cuts
type: journal_article
user_id: ea97e931-d5af-11eb-85d4-e6957dddbf17
volume: 29
year: '2002'
...
---
_id: '2421'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: Intersection graphs of disks and of line segments, respectively, have been
    well studied, because of both, practical applications and theoretically interesting
    properties of these graphs. Despite partial results, the complexity status of
    the Clique problem for these two graph classes is still open. Here, we consider
    the Clique problem for intersection graphs of ellipses which in a sense, interpolate
    between disc and ellipses, and show that it is APX-hard in that case. Moreover,
    this holds even if for all ellipses, the ratio of the larger over the smaller
    radius is some prescribed number. To our knowledge, this is the first hardness
    result for the Clique problem in intersection graphs of objects with finite description
    complexity. We also describe a simple approximation algorithm for the case of
    ellipses for which the ratio of radii is bounded.
alternative_title:
- LNCS
article_processing_charge: No
author:
- first_name: Christoph
  full_name: Ambühl, Christoph
  last_name: Ambühl
- first_name: Uli
  full_name: Wagner, Uli
  id: 36690CA2-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Wagner
  orcid: 0000-0002-1494-0568
citation:
  ama: 'Ambühl C, Wagner U. On the Clique problem in intersection graphs of ellipses.
    In: <i>Proceedings of the 13th International Symposium on Algorithms and Computation</i>.
    Vol 2518. Springer; 2002:489-500. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-36136-7_43">10.1007/3-540-36136-7_43</a>'
  apa: 'Ambühl, C., &#38; Wagner, U. (2002). On the Clique problem in intersection
    graphs of ellipses. In <i>Proceedings of the 13th International Symposium on Algorithms
    and Computation</i> (Vol. 2518, pp. 489–500). Vancouver, Canada: Springer. <a
    href="https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-36136-7_43">https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-36136-7_43</a>'
  chicago: Ambühl, Christoph, and Uli Wagner. “On the Clique Problem in Intersection
    Graphs of Ellipses.” In <i>Proceedings of the 13th International Symposium on
    Algorithms and Computation</i>, 2518:489–500. Springer, 2002. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-36136-7_43">https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-36136-7_43</a>.
  ieee: C. Ambühl and U. Wagner, “On the Clique problem in intersection graphs of
    ellipses,” in <i>Proceedings of the 13th International Symposium on Algorithms
    and Computation</i>, Vancouver, Canada, 2002, vol. 2518, pp. 489–500.
  ista: 'Ambühl C, Wagner U. 2002. On the Clique problem in intersection graphs of
    ellipses. Proceedings of the 13th International Symposium on Algorithms and Computation.
    ISAAC: International Symposium on Algorithms and Computation, LNCS, vol. 2518,
    489–500.'
  mla: Ambühl, Christoph, and Uli Wagner. “On the Clique Problem in Intersection Graphs
    of Ellipses.” <i>Proceedings of the 13th International Symposium on Algorithms
    and Computation</i>, vol. 2518, Springer, 2002, pp. 489–500, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-36136-7_43">10.1007/3-540-36136-7_43</a>.
  short: C. Ambühl, U. Wagner, in:, Proceedings of the 13th International Symposium
    on Algorithms and Computation, Springer, 2002, pp. 489–500.
conference:
  end_date: 2002-11-23
  location: Vancouver, Canada
  name: 'ISAAC: International Symposium on Algorithms and Computation'
  start_date: 2002-11-21
date_created: 2018-12-11T11:57:34Z
date_published: 2002-01-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2023-07-25T11:48:36Z
day: '01'
doi: 10.1007/3-540-36136-7_43
extern: '1'
intvolume: '      2518'
language:
- iso: eng
month: '01'
oa_version: None
page: 489 - 500
publication: Proceedings of the 13th International Symposium on Algorithms and Computation
publication_identifier:
  isbn:
  - '9783540001423'
publication_status: published
publisher: Springer
publist_id: '4504'
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: On the Clique problem in intersection graphs of ellipses
type: conference
user_id: ea97e931-d5af-11eb-85d4-e6957dddbf17
volume: 2518
year: '2002'
...
---
_id: '4562'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: We present interface models that describe both the input assumptions of a
    component, and its output behavior. By enabling us to check that the input assumptions
    of a component are met in a design, interface models provide a compatibility check
    for component-based design. When refining a design into an implementation, interface
    models require that the output behavior of a component satisfies the design specification
    only when the input assumptions of the specification are satisfied, yielding greater
    flexibility in the choice of implementations. Technically, our interface models
    are games between two players, Input and Output; the duality of the players accounts
    for the dual roles of inputs and outputs in composition and refinement. We present
    two interface models in detail, one for a simple synchronous form of interaction
    between components typical in hardware, and the other for more complex synchronous
    interactions on bidirectional connections. As an example, we specify the interface
    of a bidirectional bus, with the input assumption that at any time at most one
    component has write access to the bus. For these interface models, we present
    algorithms for compatibility and refinement checking, and we describe efficient
    symbolic implementations.
acknowledgement: This research was supported in part by the AFOSR grant F49620-00-1-0327,
  the DARPA grant F33615-00-C-1693, the MARCO grant 98-DT-660, the NSF grant CCR-9988172,
  the SRC grant 99-TJ-683.003, and the NSF CAREER award CCR-0132780.
alternative_title:
- LNCS
article_processing_charge: No
author:
- first_name: Arindam
  full_name: Chakrabarti, Arindam
  last_name: Chakrabarti
- first_name: Luca
  full_name: De Alfaro, Luca
  last_name: De Alfaro
- first_name: Thomas A
  full_name: Henzinger, Thomas A
  id: 40876CD8-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Henzinger
  orcid: 0000−0002−2985−7724
- first_name: Freddy
  full_name: Mang, Freddy
  last_name: Mang
citation:
  ama: 'Chakrabarti A, De Alfaro L, Henzinger TA, Mang F. Synchronous and bidirectional
    component interfaces. In: <i>Proceedings of the 14th International Conference
    on Computer Aided Verification</i>. Vol 2404. Springer; 2002:414-427. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-45657-0_34">10.1007/3-540-45657-0_34</a>'
  apa: 'Chakrabarti, A., De Alfaro, L., Henzinger, T. A., &#38; Mang, F. (2002). Synchronous
    and bidirectional component interfaces. In <i>Proceedings of the 14th International
    Conference on Computer Aided Verification</i> (Vol. 2404, pp. 414–427). Copenhagen,
    Denmark: Springer. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-45657-0_34">https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-45657-0_34</a>'
  chicago: Chakrabarti, Arindam, Luca De Alfaro, Thomas A Henzinger, and Freddy Mang.
    “Synchronous and Bidirectional Component Interfaces.” In <i>Proceedings of the
    14th International Conference on Computer Aided Verification</i>, 2404:414–27.
    Springer, 2002. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-45657-0_34">https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-45657-0_34</a>.
  ieee: A. Chakrabarti, L. De Alfaro, T. A. Henzinger, and F. Mang, “Synchronous and
    bidirectional component interfaces,” in <i>Proceedings of the 14th International
    Conference on Computer Aided Verification</i>, Copenhagen, Denmark, 2002, vol.
    2404, pp. 414–427.
  ista: 'Chakrabarti A, De Alfaro L, Henzinger TA, Mang F. 2002. Synchronous and bidirectional
    component interfaces. Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Computer
    Aided Verification. CAV: Computer Aided Verification, LNCS, vol. 2404, 414–427.'
  mla: Chakrabarti, Arindam, et al. “Synchronous and Bidirectional Component Interfaces.”
    <i>Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Computer Aided Verification</i>,
    vol. 2404, Springer, 2002, pp. 414–27, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-45657-0_34">10.1007/3-540-45657-0_34</a>.
  short: A. Chakrabarti, L. De Alfaro, T.A. Henzinger, F. Mang, in:, Proceedings of
    the 14th International Conference on Computer Aided Verification, Springer, 2002,
    pp. 414–427.
conference:
  end_date: 2002-07-31
  location: Copenhagen, Denmark
  name: 'CAV: Computer Aided Verification'
  start_date: 2002-07-27
date_created: 2018-12-11T12:09:29Z
date_published: 2002-06-19T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2023-06-02T12:01:22Z
day: '19'
doi: 10.1007/3-540-45657-0_34
extern: '1'
intvolume: '      2404'
language:
- iso: eng
month: '06'
oa_version: None
page: 414 - 427
publication: Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Computer Aided Verification
publication_identifier:
  isbn:
  - '9783540439974'
publication_status: published
publisher: Springer
publist_id: '146'
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: Synchronous and bidirectional component interfaces
type: conference
user_id: ea97e931-d5af-11eb-85d4-e6957dddbf17
volume: 2404
year: '2002'
...
---
_id: '4563'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: We present a formal methodology and tool for uncovering errors in the interaction
    of software modules. Our methodology consists of a suite of languages for defining
    software interfaces, and algorithms for checking interface compatibility. We focus
    on interfaces that explain the method-call dependencies between software modules.
    Such an interface makes assumptions about the environment in the form of call
    and availability constraints. A call constraint restricts the accessibility of
    local methods to certain external methods. An availability constraint restricts
    the accessibility of local methods to certain states of the module. For example,
    the interface for a file server with local methods open and read may assert that
    a file cannot be read without having been opened. Checking interface compatibility
    requires the solution of games, and in the presence of availability constraints,
    of pushdown games. Based on this methodology, we have implemented a tool that
    has uncovered incompatibilities in TinyOS, a small operating system for sensor
    nodes in adhoc networks.
acknowledgement: This research was supported in part by the AFOSR grant F49620-00-1-0327,
  the DARPA grant F33615-00-C-1693, the MARCO grant 98-DT-660, the NSF grants CCR-9988172,
  CCR-0085949, CCR-0132780, the SRC grant 99-TJ-683, and the Polish KBN grant 7-T11C-027-20.
alternative_title:
- LNCS
article_processing_charge: No
author:
- first_name: Arindam
  full_name: Chakrabarti, Arindam
  last_name: Chakrabarti
- first_name: Luca
  full_name: De Alfaro, Luca
  last_name: De Alfaro
- first_name: Thomas A
  full_name: Henzinger, Thomas A
  id: 40876CD8-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Henzinger
  orcid: 0000−0002−2985−7724
- first_name: Marcin
  full_name: Jurdziński, Marcin
  last_name: Jurdziński
- first_name: Freddy
  full_name: Mang, Freddy
  last_name: Mang
citation:
  ama: 'Chakrabarti A, De Alfaro L, Henzinger TA, Jurdziński M, Mang F. Interface
    compatibility checking for software modules. In: <i>Proceedings of the 14th International
    Conference on Computer Aided Verification</i>. Vol 2404. Springer; 2002:428-441.
    doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-45657-0_35">10.1007/3-540-45657-0_35</a>'
  apa: 'Chakrabarti, A., De Alfaro, L., Henzinger, T. A., Jurdziński, M., &#38; Mang,
    F. (2002). Interface compatibility checking for software modules. In <i>Proceedings
    of the 14th International Conference on Computer Aided Verification</i> (Vol.
    2404, pp. 428–441). Copenhagen, Denmark: Springer. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-45657-0_35">https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-45657-0_35</a>'
  chicago: Chakrabarti, Arindam, Luca De Alfaro, Thomas A Henzinger, Marcin Jurdziński,
    and Freddy Mang. “Interface Compatibility Checking for Software Modules.” In <i>Proceedings
    of the 14th International Conference on Computer Aided Verification</i>, 2404:428–41.
    Springer, 2002. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-45657-0_35">https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-45657-0_35</a>.
  ieee: A. Chakrabarti, L. De Alfaro, T. A. Henzinger, M. Jurdziński, and F. Mang,
    “Interface compatibility checking for software modules,” in <i>Proceedings of
    the 14th International Conference on Computer Aided Verification</i>, Copenhagen,
    Denmark, 2002, vol. 2404, pp. 428–441.
  ista: 'Chakrabarti A, De Alfaro L, Henzinger TA, Jurdziński M, Mang F. 2002. Interface
    compatibility checking for software modules. Proceedings of the 14th International
    Conference on Computer Aided Verification. CAV: Computer Aided Verification, LNCS,
    vol. 2404, 428–441.'
  mla: Chakrabarti, Arindam, et al. “Interface Compatibility Checking for Software
    Modules.” <i>Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Computer Aided
    Verification</i>, vol. 2404, Springer, 2002, pp. 428–41, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-45657-0_35">10.1007/3-540-45657-0_35</a>.
  short: A. Chakrabarti, L. De Alfaro, T.A. Henzinger, M. Jurdziński, F. Mang, in:,
    Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Computer Aided Verification,
    Springer, 2002, pp. 428–441.
conference:
  end_date: 2002-07-31
  location: Copenhagen, Denmark
  name: 'CAV: Computer Aided Verification'
  start_date: 2002-07-27
date_created: 2018-12-11T12:09:30Z
date_published: 2002-06-19T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2023-06-05T07:38:10Z
day: '19'
doi: 10.1007/3-540-45657-0_35
extern: '1'
intvolume: '      2404'
language:
- iso: eng
month: '06'
oa_version: None
page: 428 - 441
publication: Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Computer Aided Verification
publication_identifier:
  isbn:
  - ' 9783540439974'
publication_status: published
publisher: Springer
publist_id: '147'
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: Interface compatibility checking for software modules
type: conference
user_id: ea97e931-d5af-11eb-85d4-e6957dddbf17
volume: 2404
year: '2002'
...
---
_id: '4565'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: "In the literature, we find several formulations of the control\r\nproblem
    for timed and hybrid systems. We argue that formulations where\r\na controller
    can cause an action at any point in dense (rational or real)\r\ntime are problematic,
    by presenting an example where the controller\r\nmust act faster and faster, yet
    causes no Zeno effects (say, the control\r\nactions are at times 0, 1/2, 1, 1
    1/4, 2, 2 1/8, 3, 3 1/16 ,...). Such a controller is,\r\nof course, not implementable
    in software. Such controllers are avoided by formulations where the controller
    can cause actions only at discrete (integer) points in time. While the resulting
    control problem is well- understood if the time unit, or “sampling rate” of the
    controller, is fixed a priori, we define a novel, stronger formulation: the discrete-time
    control problem with unknown sampling rate asks if a sampling controller exists
    for some sampling rate. We prove that this problem is undecidable even in the
    special case of timed automata."
acknowledgement: "Partially supported by the FNRS, Belgium, under grant 1.5.096.01.\r\nPartially
  supported by the DARPA SEC grant F33615-C-98-3614, the AFOSR MURI grant F49620-00-1-0327,
  the NSF Theory grant CCR-9988172, and the MARCO GSRC grant 98-DT-660.\r\nPartially
  supported by a “Crédit aux chercheurs” from the Belgian National Fund for Scientific
  Research."
alternative_title:
- LNCS
article_processing_charge: No
author:
- first_name: Franck
  full_name: Cassez, Franck
  last_name: Cassez
- first_name: Thomas A
  full_name: Henzinger, Thomas A
  id: 40876CD8-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Henzinger
  orcid: 0000−0002−2985−7724
- first_name: Jean
  full_name: Raskin, Jean
  last_name: Raskin
citation:
  ama: 'Cassez F, Henzinger TA, Raskin J. A comparison of control problems for timed
    and hybrid systems. In: <i>Proceedings of the 5th International Workshop on Hybrid
    Systems: Computation and Control</i>. Vol 2289. Springer; 2002:134-148. doi:<a
    href="https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-45873-5_13">10.1007/3-540-45873-5_13</a>'
  apa: 'Cassez, F., Henzinger, T. A., &#38; Raskin, J. (2002). A comparison of control
    problems for timed and hybrid systems. In <i>Proceedings of the 5th International
    Workshop on Hybrid Systems: Computation and Control</i> (Vol. 2289, pp. 134–148).
    Stanford, CA, USA: Springer. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-45873-5_13">https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-45873-5_13</a>'
  chicago: 'Cassez, Franck, Thomas A Henzinger, and Jean Raskin. “A Comparison of
    Control Problems for Timed and Hybrid Systems.” In <i>Proceedings of the 5th International
    Workshop on Hybrid Systems: Computation and Control</i>, 2289:134–48. Springer,
    2002. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-45873-5_13">https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-45873-5_13</a>.'
  ieee: 'F. Cassez, T. A. Henzinger, and J. Raskin, “A comparison of control problems
    for timed and hybrid systems,” in <i>Proceedings of the 5th International Workshop
    on Hybrid Systems: Computation and Control</i>, Stanford, CA, USA, 2002, vol.
    2289, pp. 134–148.'
  ista: 'Cassez F, Henzinger TA, Raskin J. 2002. A comparison of control problems
    for timed and hybrid systems. Proceedings of the 5th International Workshop on
    Hybrid Systems: Computation and Control. HSCC: Hybrid Systems - Computation and
    Control, LNCS, vol. 2289, 134–148.'
  mla: 'Cassez, Franck, et al. “A Comparison of Control Problems for Timed and Hybrid
    Systems.” <i>Proceedings of the 5th International Workshop on Hybrid Systems:
    Computation and Control</i>, vol. 2289, Springer, 2002, pp. 134–48, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-45873-5_13">10.1007/3-540-45873-5_13</a>.'
  short: 'F. Cassez, T.A. Henzinger, J. Raskin, in:, Proceedings of the 5th International
    Workshop on Hybrid Systems: Computation and Control, Springer, 2002, pp. 134–148.'
conference:
  end_date: 2002-03-27
  location: Stanford, CA, USA
  name: 'HSCC: Hybrid Systems - Computation and Control'
  start_date: 2002-03-25
date_created: 2018-12-11T12:09:30Z
date_published: 2002-03-14T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2023-06-02T10:29:10Z
day: '14'
doi: 10.1007/3-540-45873-5_13
extern: '1'
intvolume: '      2289'
language:
- iso: eng
month: '03'
oa_version: None
page: 134 - 148
publication: 'Proceedings of the 5th International Workshop on Hybrid Systems: Computation
  and Control'
publication_identifier:
  isbn:
  - '9783540433217'
publication_status: published
publisher: Springer
publist_id: '144'
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: A comparison of control problems for timed and hybrid systems
type: conference
user_id: ea97e931-d5af-11eb-85d4-e6957dddbf17
volume: 2289
year: '2002'
...
---
_id: '4595'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: 'Temporal logic comes in two varieties: linear-time temporal logic assumes
    implicit universal quantification over all paths that are generated by the execution
    of a system; branching-time temporal logic allows explicit existential and universal
    quantification over all paths. We introduce a third, more general variety of temporal
    logic: alternating-time temporal logic offers selective quantification over those
    paths that are possible outcomes of games, such as the game in which the system
    and the environment alternate moves. While linear-time and branching-time logics
    are natural specification languages for closed systems, alternating-time logics
    are natural specification languages for open systems. For example, by preceding
    the temporal operator &quot;eventually&quot; with a selective path quantifier,
    we can specify that in the game between the system and the environment, the system
    has a strategy to reach a certain state. The problems of receptiveness, realizability,
    and controllability can be formulated as model-checking problems for alternating-time
    formulas. Depending on whether or not we admit arbitrary nesting of selective
    path quantifiers and temporal operators, we obtain the two alternating-time temporal
    logics ATL and ATL*.ATL and ATL* are interpreted over concurrent game structures.
    Every state transition of a concurrent game structure results from a choice of
    moves, one for each player. The players represent individual components and the
    environment of an open system. Concurrent game structures can capture various
    forms of synchronous composition for open systems, and if augmented with fairness
    constraints, also asynchronous composition. Over structures without fairness constraints,
    the model-checking complexity of ATL is linear in the size of the game structure
    and length of the formula, and the symbolic model-checking algorithm for CTL extends
    with few modifications to ATL. Over structures with weak-fairness constraints,
    ATL model checking requires the solution of 1-pair Rabin games, and can be done
    in polynomial time. Over structures with strong-fairness constraints, ATL model
    checking requires the solution of games with Boolean combinations of Büchi conditions,
    and can be done in PSPACE. In the case of ATL*, the model-checking problem is
    closely related to the synthesis problem for linear-time formulas, and requires
    doubly exponential time.'
acknowledgement: We thank Luca de Alfaro, Kousha Etessami, Salvatore La Torre, P.
  Madhusudan, Amir Pnueli, Moshe Vardi, Thomas Wilke, and Mihalis Yannakakis for helpful
  discussions. We also thank Freddy Mang for comments on a draft of this manuscript.
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Rajeev
  full_name: Alur, Rajeev
  last_name: Alur
- first_name: Thomas A
  full_name: Henzinger, Thomas A
  id: 40876CD8-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Henzinger
  orcid: 0000−0002−2985−7724
- first_name: Orna
  full_name: Kupferman, Orna
  last_name: Kupferman
citation:
  ama: Alur R, Henzinger TA, Kupferman O. Alternating-time temporal logic. <i>Journal
    of the ACM</i>. 2002;49(5):672-713. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1145/585265.585270">10.1145/585265.585270</a>
  apa: Alur, R., Henzinger, T. A., &#38; Kupferman, O. (2002). Alternating-time temporal
    logic. <i>Journal of the ACM</i>. ACM. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1145/585265.585270">https://doi.org/10.1145/585265.585270</a>
  chicago: Alur, Rajeev, Thomas A Henzinger, and Orna Kupferman. “Alternating-Time
    Temporal Logic.” <i>Journal of the ACM</i>. ACM, 2002. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1145/585265.585270">https://doi.org/10.1145/585265.585270</a>.
  ieee: R. Alur, T. A. Henzinger, and O. Kupferman, “Alternating-time temporal logic,”
    <i>Journal of the ACM</i>, vol. 49, no. 5. ACM, pp. 672–713, 2002.
  ista: Alur R, Henzinger TA, Kupferman O. 2002. Alternating-time temporal logic.
    Journal of the ACM. 49(5), 672–713.
  mla: Alur, Rajeev, et al. “Alternating-Time Temporal Logic.” <i>Journal of the ACM</i>,
    vol. 49, no. 5, ACM, 2002, pp. 672–713, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1145/585265.585270">10.1145/585265.585270</a>.
  short: R. Alur, T.A. Henzinger, O. Kupferman, Journal of the ACM 49 (2002) 672–713.
date_created: 2018-12-11T12:09:40Z
date_published: 2002-09-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2023-06-02T10:07:22Z
day: '01'
doi: 10.1145/585265.585270
extern: '1'
intvolume: '        49'
issue: '5'
language:
- iso: eng
month: '09'
oa_version: None
page: 672 - 713
publication: Journal of the ACM
publication_identifier:
  issn:
  - 0004-5411
publication_status: published
publisher: ACM
publist_id: '110'
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: Alternating-time temporal logic
type: journal_article
user_id: ea97e931-d5af-11eb-85d4-e6957dddbf17
volume: 49
year: '2002'
...
---
_id: '4631'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: We present a theory of timed interfaces, which is capable of specifying both
    the timing of the inputs a component expects from the environment, and the timing
    of the outputs it can produce. Two timed interfaces are compatible if there is
    a way to use them together such that their timing expectations are met. Our theory
    provides algorithms for checking the compatibility between two interfaces and
    for deriving the composite interface; the theory can thus be viewed as a type
    system for real-time interaction. Technically, a timed interface is encoded as
    a timed game between two players, representing the inputs and outputs of the component.
    The algorithms for compatibility checking and interface composition are thus derived
    from algorithms for solving timed games.
acknowledgement: This research was supported in part by the NSF CAREER award CCR-0132780,
  the NSF grant CCR-9988172 the AFOSR MURI grant F49620-00-1-0327, the DARPA PCES
  grant F33615-00-C-1693, the MARCO GSRC grant 98-DT-660, and the ONR grant N00014-02-1-0671.
alternative_title:
- LNCS
article_processing_charge: No
author:
- first_name: Luca
  full_name: De Alfaro, Luca
  last_name: De Alfaro
- first_name: Thomas A
  full_name: Henzinger, Thomas A
  id: 40876CD8-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Henzinger
  orcid: 0000−0002−2985−7724
- first_name: Mariëlle
  full_name: Stoelinga, Mariëlle
  last_name: Stoelinga
citation:
  ama: 'De Alfaro L, Henzinger TA, Stoelinga M. Timed interfaces. In: <i>Proceedings
    of the 2nd International Conference on Embedded Software</i>. Vol 2491. ACM; 2002:108-122.
    doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-45828-X_9">10.1007/3-540-45828-X_9</a>'
  apa: 'De Alfaro, L., Henzinger, T. A., &#38; Stoelinga, M. (2002). Timed interfaces.
    In <i>Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Embedded Software</i>
    (Vol. 2491, pp. 108–122). Grenoble, France: ACM. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-45828-X_9">https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-45828-X_9</a>'
  chicago: De Alfaro, Luca, Thomas A Henzinger, and Mariëlle Stoelinga. “Timed Interfaces.”
    In <i>Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Embedded Software</i>,
    2491:108–22. ACM, 2002. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-45828-X_9">https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-45828-X_9</a>.
  ieee: L. De Alfaro, T. A. Henzinger, and M. Stoelinga, “Timed interfaces,” in <i>Proceedings
    of the 2nd International Conference on Embedded Software</i>, Grenoble, France,
    2002, vol. 2491, pp. 108–122.
  ista: 'De Alfaro L, Henzinger TA, Stoelinga M. 2002. Timed interfaces. Proceedings
    of the 2nd International Conference on Embedded Software. EMSOFT: Embedded Software
    , LNCS, vol. 2491, 108–122.'
  mla: De Alfaro, Luca, et al. “Timed Interfaces.” <i>Proceedings of the 2nd International
    Conference on Embedded Software</i>, vol. 2491, ACM, 2002, pp. 108–22, doi:<a
    href="https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-45828-X_9">10.1007/3-540-45828-X_9</a>.
  short: L. De Alfaro, T.A. Henzinger, M. Stoelinga, in:, Proceedings of the 2nd International
    Conference on Embedded Software, ACM, 2002, pp. 108–122.
conference:
  end_date: 2002-10-09
  location: Grenoble, France
  name: 'EMSOFT: Embedded Software '
  start_date: 2002-10-07
date_created: 2018-12-11T12:09:51Z
date_published: 2002-10-24T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2023-06-02T10:00:32Z
day: '24'
doi: 10.1007/3-540-45828-X_9
extern: '1'
intvolume: '      2491'
language:
- iso: eng
month: '10'
oa_version: None
page: 108 - 122
publication: Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Embedded Software
publication_identifier:
  isbn:
  - '9783540443070'
publication_status: published
publisher: ACM
publist_id: '76'
quality_controlled: '1'
status: public
title: Timed interfaces
type: conference
user_id: ea97e931-d5af-11eb-85d4-e6957dddbf17
volume: 2491
year: '2002'
...
---
_id: '6158'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: Wild isolates of Caenorhabditis elegans can feed either alone or in groups1,2.
    This natural variation in behaviour is associated with a single residue difference
    in NPR-1, a predicted G-protein-coupled neuropeptide receptor related to Neuropeptide
    Y receptors2. Here we show that the NPR-1 isoform associated with solitary feeding
    acts in neurons exposed to the body fluid to inhibit social feeding. Furthermore,
    suppressing the activity of these neurons, called AQR, PQR and URX, using an activated
    K+ channel, inhibits social feeding. NPR-1 activity in AQR, PQR and URX neurons
    seems to suppress social feeding by antagonizing signalling through a cyclic GMP-gated
    ion channel encoded by tax-2 and tax-4. We show that mutations in tax-2 or tax-4
    disrupt social feeding, and that tax-4 is required in several neurons for social
    feeding, including one or more of AQR, PQR and URX. The AQR, PQR and URX neurons
    are unusual in C. elegans because they are directly exposed to the pseudocoelomic
    body fluid3. Our data suggest a model in which these neurons integrate antagonistic
    signals to control the choice between social and solitary feeding behaviour.
author:
- first_name: Juliet C.
  full_name: Coates, Juliet C.
  last_name: Coates
- first_name: Mario
  full_name: de Bono, Mario
  id: 4E3FF80E-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: de Bono
  orcid: 0000-0001-8347-0443
citation:
  ama: Coates JC, de Bono M. Antagonistic pathways in neurons exposed to body fluid
    regulate social feeding in Caenorhabditis elegans. <i>Nature</i>. 2002;419(6910):925-929.
    doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/nature01170">10.1038/nature01170</a>
  apa: Coates, J. C., &#38; de Bono, M. (2002). Antagonistic pathways in neurons exposed
    to body fluid regulate social feeding in Caenorhabditis elegans. <i>Nature</i>.
    Springer Nature. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/nature01170">https://doi.org/10.1038/nature01170</a>
  chicago: Coates, Juliet C., and Mario de Bono. “Antagonistic Pathways in Neurons
    Exposed to Body Fluid Regulate Social Feeding in Caenorhabditis Elegans.” <i>Nature</i>.
    Springer Nature, 2002. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/nature01170">https://doi.org/10.1038/nature01170</a>.
  ieee: J. C. Coates and M. de Bono, “Antagonistic pathways in neurons exposed to
    body fluid regulate social feeding in Caenorhabditis elegans,” <i>Nature</i>,
    vol. 419, no. 6910. Springer Nature, pp. 925–929, 2002.
  ista: Coates JC, de Bono M. 2002. Antagonistic pathways in neurons exposed to body
    fluid regulate social feeding in Caenorhabditis elegans. Nature. 419(6910), 925–929.
  mla: Coates, Juliet C., and Mario de Bono. “Antagonistic Pathways in Neurons Exposed
    to Body Fluid Regulate Social Feeding in Caenorhabditis Elegans.” <i>Nature</i>,
    vol. 419, no. 6910, Springer Nature, 2002, pp. 925–29, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/nature01170">10.1038/nature01170</a>.
  short: J.C. Coates, M. de Bono, Nature 419 (2002) 925–929.
date_created: 2019-03-21T10:09:20Z
date_published: 2002-10-31T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2021-01-12T08:06:26Z
day: '31'
doi: 10.1038/nature01170
extern: '1'
external_id:
  pmid:
  - '12410311'
intvolume: '       419'
issue: '6910'
language:
- iso: eng
month: '10'
oa_version: None
page: 925-929
pmid: 1
publication: Nature
publication_identifier:
  issn:
  - 0028-0836
publication_status: published
publisher: Springer Nature
quality_controlled: '1'
status: public
title: Antagonistic pathways in neurons exposed to body fluid regulate social feeding
  in Caenorhabditis elegans
type: journal_article
user_id: 3E5EF7F0-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 419
year: '2002'
...
