---
_id: '4630'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: We consider concurrent two-person games played in real time, in which the
    players decide both which action to play, and when to play it. Such timed games
    differ from untimed games in two essential ways. First, players can take each
    other by surprise, because actions are played with delays that cannot be anticipated
    by the opponent. Second, a player should not be able to win the game by preventing
    time from diverging. We present a model of timed games that preserves the element
    of surprise and accounts for time divergence in a way that treats both players
    symmetrically and applies to all ω-regular winning conditions. We prove that the
    ability to take each other by surprise adds extra power to the players. For the
    case that the games are specified in the style of timed automata, we provide symbolic
    algorithms for their solution with respect to all ω-regular winning conditions.
    We also show that for these timed games, memory strategies are more powerful than
    memoryless strategies already in the case of reachability objectives.
acknowledgement: Supported in part by the AFOSR MURI grant F49620-00-1-0327, the DARPA
  grant F33615-C-98-3614, the MARCO grant 98-DT-660, -the ONR grant N00014-02-1-0671,
  the NSF grants CCR-9988172, CCR-0225610, and CCR-0234690, the NSF CAREER award CCR-0132780,
  and the MIUR grant MEFISTO.
alternative_title:
- LNCS
article_processing_charge: No
author:
- first_name: Luca
  full_name: De Alfaro, Luca
  last_name: De Alfaro
- first_name: Marco
  full_name: Faella, Marco
  last_name: Faella
- first_name: Thomas A
  full_name: Henzinger, Thomas A
  id: 40876CD8-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Henzinger
  orcid: 0000−0002−2985−7724
- first_name: Ritankar
  full_name: Majumdar, Ritankar
  last_name: Majumdar
- first_name: Mariëlle
  full_name: Stoelinga, Mariëlle
  last_name: Stoelinga
citation:
  ama: 'De Alfaro L, Faella M, Henzinger TA, Majumdar R, Stoelinga M. The element
    of surprise in timed games. In: <i>Proceedings of the 14th International Conference
    on Concurrency Theory</i>. Vol 2761. Schloss Dagstuhl - Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik;
    2003:144-158. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-45187-7_9">10.1007/978-3-540-45187-7_9</a>'
  apa: 'De Alfaro, L., Faella, M., Henzinger, T. A., Majumdar, R., &#38; Stoelinga,
    M. (2003). The element of surprise in timed games. In <i>Proceedings of the 14th
    International Conference on Concurrency Theory</i> (Vol. 2761, pp. 144–158). Marseille,
    France: Schloss Dagstuhl - Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-45187-7_9">https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-45187-7_9</a>'
  chicago: De Alfaro, Luca, Marco Faella, Thomas A Henzinger, Ritankar Majumdar, and
    Mariëlle Stoelinga. “The Element of Surprise in Timed Games.” In <i>Proceedings
    of the 14th International Conference on Concurrency Theory</i>, 2761:144–58. Schloss
    Dagstuhl - Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik, 2003. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-45187-7_9">https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-45187-7_9</a>.
  ieee: L. De Alfaro, M. Faella, T. A. Henzinger, R. Majumdar, and M. Stoelinga, “The
    element of surprise in timed games,” in <i>Proceedings of the 14th International
    Conference on Concurrency Theory</i>, Marseille, France, 2003, vol. 2761, pp.
    144–158.
  ista: 'De Alfaro L, Faella M, Henzinger TA, Majumdar R, Stoelinga M. 2003. The element
    of surprise in timed games. Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on
    Concurrency Theory. CONCUR: Concurrency Theory, LNCS, vol. 2761, 144–158.'
  mla: De Alfaro, Luca, et al. “The Element of Surprise in Timed Games.” <i>Proceedings
    of the 14th International Conference on Concurrency Theory</i>, vol. 2761, Schloss
    Dagstuhl - Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik, 2003, pp. 144–58, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-45187-7_9">10.1007/978-3-540-45187-7_9</a>.
  short: L. De Alfaro, M. Faella, T.A. Henzinger, R. Majumdar, M. Stoelinga, in:,
    Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Concurrency Theory, Schloss
    Dagstuhl - Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik, 2003, pp. 144–158.
conference:
  end_date: 2003-09-05
  location: Marseille, France
  name: 'CONCUR: Concurrency Theory'
  start_date: 2003-09-03
date_created: 2018-12-11T12:09:51Z
date_published: 2003-08-21T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2024-01-08T10:05:30Z
day: '21'
doi: 10.1007/978-3-540-45187-7_9
extern: '1'
intvolume: '      2761'
language:
- iso: eng
month: '08'
oa_version: None
page: 144 - 158
publication: Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Concurrency Theory
publication_identifier:
  isbn:
  - '9783540407539'
publication_status: published
publisher: Schloss Dagstuhl - Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik
publist_id: '78'
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: The element of surprise in timed games
type: conference
user_id: ea97e931-d5af-11eb-85d4-e6957dddbf17
volume: 2761
year: '2003'
...
---
_id: '12659'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: "For many years considerable efforts have been put into investigating and
    modelling hydrological processes of mountainous catchments. On the one hand, the
    complexity and intrinsically high variability of the involved processes as well
    as insufficient knowledge of the underlying physical mechanisms still induce large
    uncertainties in understanding observed phenomena and predicting the behaviour
    of the system. On the other hand, the demand for models that are able to simulate
    mountainous water resource systems is increasing because of the needs related
    to both water exploitation and water conservation, which clearly call for an integrated
    vision and modelling of these systems.\r\nAccordingly, this paper moves from a
    brief survey of the most significant achievements in mountain hydrology to discuss
    what could be future challenging issues related to the broader spectrum of questions,
    which hydrologic modelling of mountainous river systems may face in the next decades.
    Firstly, reference is made to existing methodologies for modelling alpine water
    systems, focussing on some specific aspects that provide a basis for the discussion
    of the weaknesses and perspectives of present simulation tools. The future is
    thus discussed, delineating some of the research challenges that may foster a
    comprehensive and integrated vision of water related issues in mountainous regions."
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Paolo
  full_name: Burlando, Paolo
  last_name: Burlando
- first_name: Francesca
  full_name: Pellicciotti, Francesca
  id: b28f055a-81ea-11ed-b70c-a9fe7f7b0e70
  last_name: Pellicciotti
- first_name: Ulrich
  full_name: Strasser, Ulrich
  last_name: Strasser
citation:
  ama: Burlando P, Pellicciotti F, Strasser U. Modelling mountainous water systems
    between learning and speculating looking for challenges. <i>Hydrology Research</i>.
    2002;33(1):47-74. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.2166/nh.2002.0004">10.2166/nh.2002.0004</a>
  apa: Burlando, P., Pellicciotti, F., &#38; Strasser, U. (2002). Modelling mountainous
    water systems between learning and speculating looking for challenges. <i>Hydrology
    Research</i>. IWA Publishing. <a href="https://doi.org/10.2166/nh.2002.0004">https://doi.org/10.2166/nh.2002.0004</a>
  chicago: Burlando, Paolo, Francesca Pellicciotti, and Ulrich Strasser. “Modelling
    Mountainous Water Systems between Learning and Speculating Looking for Challenges.”
    <i>Hydrology Research</i>. IWA Publishing, 2002. <a href="https://doi.org/10.2166/nh.2002.0004">https://doi.org/10.2166/nh.2002.0004</a>.
  ieee: P. Burlando, F. Pellicciotti, and U. Strasser, “Modelling mountainous water
    systems between learning and speculating looking for challenges,” <i>Hydrology
    Research</i>, vol. 33, no. 1. IWA Publishing, pp. 47–74, 2002.
  ista: Burlando P, Pellicciotti F, Strasser U. 2002. Modelling mountainous water
    systems between learning and speculating looking for challenges. Hydrology Research.
    33(1), 47–74.
  mla: Burlando, Paolo, et al. “Modelling Mountainous Water Systems between Learning
    and Speculating Looking for Challenges.” <i>Hydrology Research</i>, vol. 33, no.
    1, IWA Publishing, 2002, pp. 47–74, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.2166/nh.2002.0004">10.2166/nh.2002.0004</a>.
  short: P. Burlando, F. Pellicciotti, U. Strasser, Hydrology Research 33 (2002) 47–74.
date_created: 2023-02-20T08:19:02Z
date_published: 2002-02-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2023-02-20T08:30:15Z
day: '01'
doi: 10.2166/nh.2002.0004
extern: '1'
intvolume: '        33'
issue: '1'
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
  url: https://doi.org/10.2166/nh.2002.0004
month: '02'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
page: 47-74
publication: Hydrology Research
publication_identifier:
  eissn:
  - 2224-7955
  issn:
  - 0029-1277
publication_status: published
publisher: IWA Publishing
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: Modelling mountainous water systems between learning and speculating looking
  for challenges
type: journal_article
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 33
year: '2002'
...
---
_id: '859'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: The polymeric ubiquitin (poly-u) genes are composed of tandem 228-bp repeats
    with no spacer sequences between individual monomer units. Ubiquitin is one of
    the most conserved proteins known to date, and the individual units within a number
    of poly-u genes are significantly more similar to each other than would be expected
    if each unit evolved independently. It has been proposed that the rather striking
    similarity among poly-u monomers in some lineages is caused by a series of homogenization
    events. Here we report the sequences of the polyubiquitin-C (Ubc) genes in two
    mouse strains. Analysis of these sequences, as well as those of the previously
    reported Chinese hamster and rat poly-u genes, supports the assertion that the
    homogenization of the ubiquitin-C gene in rodents is due to unequal crossing-over
    events. The sequence divergence of noncoding DNA was used to estimate the frequency
    of unequal crossing-over events (6.3 x 10-5 events per generation) in the Ubc
    gene, as well as to provide evidence of apparent selection in the poly-u gene.
acknowledgement: We are thankful to J.A. Southerland and P.L. Jiang for technical
  assistance in DNA sequencing, as well as to Y.I. Pavlov for helpful discussions.
  This work was supported by public Health Service Research Grant AI45135 from the
  Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health.
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Andrey
  full_name: Perelygin, Andrey
  last_name: Perelygin
- first_name: Fyodor
  full_name: Kondrashov, Fyodor
  id: 44FDEF62-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Kondrashov
  orcid: 0000-0001-8243-4694
- first_name: Igor
  full_name: Rogozin, Igor
  last_name: Rogozin
- first_name: Margo
  full_name: Brinton, Margo
  last_name: Brinton
citation:
  ama: Perelygin A, Kondrashov F, Rogozin I, Brinton M. Evolution of the mouse polyubiquitin
    C gene. <i>Journal of Molecular Evolution</i>. 2002;55(2):202-210. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s00239-002-2318-0">10.1007/s00239-002-2318-0</a>
  apa: Perelygin, A., Kondrashov, F., Rogozin, I., &#38; Brinton, M. (2002). Evolution
    of the mouse polyubiquitin C gene. <i>Journal of Molecular Evolution</i>. Springer.
    <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s00239-002-2318-0">https://doi.org/10.1007/s00239-002-2318-0</a>
  chicago: Perelygin, Andrey, Fyodor Kondrashov, Igor Rogozin, and Margo Brinton.
    “Evolution of the Mouse Polyubiquitin C Gene.” <i>Journal of Molecular Evolution</i>.
    Springer, 2002. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s00239-002-2318-0">https://doi.org/10.1007/s00239-002-2318-0</a>.
  ieee: A. Perelygin, F. Kondrashov, I. Rogozin, and M. Brinton, “Evolution of the
    mouse polyubiquitin C gene,” <i>Journal of Molecular Evolution</i>, vol. 55, no.
    2. Springer, pp. 202–210, 2002.
  ista: Perelygin A, Kondrashov F, Rogozin I, Brinton M. 2002. Evolution of the mouse
    polyubiquitin C gene. Journal of Molecular Evolution. 55(2), 202–210.
  mla: Perelygin, Andrey, et al. “Evolution of the Mouse Polyubiquitin C Gene.” <i>Journal
    of Molecular Evolution</i>, vol. 55, no. 2, Springer, 2002, pp. 202–10, doi:<a
    href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s00239-002-2318-0">10.1007/s00239-002-2318-0</a>.
  short: A. Perelygin, F. Kondrashov, I. Rogozin, M. Brinton, Journal of Molecular
    Evolution 55 (2002) 202–210.
date_created: 2018-12-11T11:48:53Z
date_published: 2002-01-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2023-07-26T12:01:34Z
day: '01'
doi: 10.1007/s00239-002-2318-0
extern: '1'
external_id:
  pmid:
  - '12107596'
intvolume: '        55'
issue: '2'
language:
- iso: eng
month: '01'
oa_version: None
page: 202 - 210
pmid: 1
publication: Journal of Molecular Evolution
publication_identifier:
  issn:
  - 0022-2844
publication_status: published
publisher: Springer
publist_id: '6787'
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: Evolution of the mouse polyubiquitin C gene
type: journal_article
user_id: ea97e931-d5af-11eb-85d4-e6957dddbf17
volume: 55
year: '2002'
...
---
_id: '871'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: 'BACKGROUND: Gene duplications have a major role in the evolution of new biological
    functions. Theoretical studies often assume that a duplication per se is selectively
    neutral and that, following a duplication, one of the gene copies is freed from
    purifying (stabilizing) selection, which creates the potential for evolution of
    a new function. RESULTS: In search of systematic evidence of accelerated evolution
    after duplication, we used data from 26 bacterial, six archaeal, and seven eukaryotic
    genomes to compare the mode and strength of selection acting on recently duplicated
    genes (paralogs) and on similarly diverged, unduplicated orthologous genes in
    different species. We find that the ratio of nonsynonymous to synonymous substitutions
    (Kn/Ks) in most paralogous pairs is &lt;&lt;1 and that paralogs typically evolve
    at similar rates, without significant asymmetry, indicating that both paralogs
    produced by a duplication are subject to purifying selection. This selection is,
    however, substantially weaker than the purifying selection affecting unduplicated
    orthologs that have diverged to the same extent as the analyzed paralogs. Most
    of the recently duplicated genes appear to be involved in various forms of environmental
    response; in particular, many of them encode membrane and secreted proteins. CONCLUSIONS:
    The results of this analysis indicate that recently duplicated paralogs evolve
    faster than orthologs with the same level of divergence and similar functions,
    but apparently do not experience a phase of neutral evolution. We hypothesize
    that gene duplications that persist in an evolving lineage are beneficial from
    the time of their origin, due primarily to a protein dosage effect in response
    to variable environmental conditions; duplications are likely to give rise to
    new functions at a later phase of their evolution once a higher level of divergence
    is reached.'
acknowledgement: We are grateful to A.S. Kondrashov for numerous helpful suggestions,
  to I. King Jordan, M.A. Roytberg, J.L. Spouge and D.A. Kondrashov for useful discussions
  and to A.S. Kondrashov, I. King Jordan and D.J. Lipman for critical reading of the
  manuscript.
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Fyodor
  full_name: Kondrashov, Fyodor
  id: 44FDEF62-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Kondrashov
  orcid: 0000-0001-8243-4694
- first_name: Igor
  full_name: Rogozin, Igor
  last_name: Rogozin
- first_name: Yuri
  full_name: Wolf, Yuri
  last_name: Wolf
- first_name: Eugene
  full_name: Koonin, Eugene
  last_name: Koonin
citation:
  ama: Kondrashov F, Rogozin I, Wolf Y, Koonin E. Selection in the evolution of gene
    duplications . <i>Genome Biology</i>. 2002;3(2). doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1186/gb-2002-3-2-research0008">10.1186/gb-2002-3-2-research0008</a>
  apa: Kondrashov, F., Rogozin, I., Wolf, Y., &#38; Koonin, E. (2002). Selection in
    the evolution of gene duplications . <i>Genome Biology</i>. BioMed Central. <a
    href="https://doi.org/10.1186/gb-2002-3-2-research0008">https://doi.org/10.1186/gb-2002-3-2-research0008</a>
  chicago: Kondrashov, Fyodor, Igor Rogozin, Yuri Wolf, and Eugene Koonin. “Selection
    in the Evolution of Gene Duplications .” <i>Genome Biology</i>. BioMed Central,
    2002. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1186/gb-2002-3-2-research0008">https://doi.org/10.1186/gb-2002-3-2-research0008</a>.
  ieee: F. Kondrashov, I. Rogozin, Y. Wolf, and E. Koonin, “Selection in the evolution
    of gene duplications ,” <i>Genome Biology</i>, vol. 3, no. 2. BioMed Central,
    2002.
  ista: Kondrashov F, Rogozin I, Wolf Y, Koonin E. 2002. Selection in the evolution
    of gene duplications . Genome Biology. 3(2).
  mla: Kondrashov, Fyodor, et al. “Selection in the Evolution of Gene Duplications
    .” <i>Genome Biology</i>, vol. 3, no. 2, BioMed Central, 2002, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1186/gb-2002-3-2-research0008">10.1186/gb-2002-3-2-research0008</a>.
  short: F. Kondrashov, I. Rogozin, Y. Wolf, E. Koonin, Genome Biology 3 (2002).
date_created: 2018-12-11T11:48:57Z
date_published: 2002-01-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2023-07-26T11:48:27Z
day: '01'
doi: 10.1186/gb-2002-3-2-research0008
extern: '1'
external_id:
  pmid:
  - '11864370'
intvolume: '         3'
issue: '2'
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
  url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC65685/
month: '01'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
pmid: 1
publication: Genome Biology
publication_identifier:
  issn:
  - 1465-6906
publication_status: published
publisher: BioMed Central
publist_id: '6781'
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: 'Selection in the evolution of gene duplications '
type: journal_article
user_id: ea97e931-d5af-11eb-85d4-e6957dddbf17
volume: 3
year: '2002'
...
---
_id: '885'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: We study fitness landscape in the space of protein sequences by relating sets
    of human pathogenic missense mutations in 32 proteins to amino acid substitutions
    that occurred in the course of evolution of these proteins. On average, ≈10% of
    deviations of a nonhuman protein from its human ortholog are compensated pathogenic
    deviations (CPDs), i.e., are caused by an amino acid substitution that, at this
    site, would be pathogenic to humans. Normal functioning of a CPD-containing protein
    must be caused by other, compensatory deviations of the nonhuman species from
    humans. Together, a CPD and the corresponding compensatory deviation form a Dobzhansky-Muller
    incompatibility that can be visualized as the corner on a fitness ridge. Thus,
    proteins evolve along fitness ridges which contain only ≈10 steps between sucessive
    corners. The fraction of CPDs among all deviations of a protein from its human
    ortholog does not increase with the evolutionary distance between the proteins,
    indicating that subtitutions that carry evolving proteins around these corners
    occur in rapid succession, driven by positive selection. Data on fitness of interspecies
    hybrids suggest that the compensatory change that makes a CPD fit usually occurs
    within the same protein. Data on protein structures and on cooccurrence of amino
    acids at different sites of multiple orthologous proteins often make it possible
    to provisionally identify the substitution that compensates a partiCUlar CPD.
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Alexey
  full_name: Kondrashov, Alexey
  last_name: Kondrashov
- first_name: Shamil
  full_name: Sunyaev, Shamil
  last_name: Sunyaev
- first_name: Fyodor
  full_name: Kondrashov, Fyodor
  id: 44FDEF62-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Kondrashov
  orcid: 0000-0001-8243-4694
citation:
  ama: Kondrashov A, Sunyaev S, Kondrashov F. Dobzhansky-Muller incompatibilities
    in protein evolution. <i>PNAS</i>. 2002;99(23):14878-14883. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.232565499">10.1073/pnas.232565499</a>
  apa: Kondrashov, A., Sunyaev, S., &#38; Kondrashov, F. (2002). Dobzhansky-Muller
    incompatibilities in protein evolution. <i>PNAS</i>. National Academy of Sciences.
    <a href="https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.232565499">https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.232565499</a>
  chicago: Kondrashov, Alexey, Shamil Sunyaev, and Fyodor Kondrashov. “Dobzhansky-Muller
    Incompatibilities in Protein Evolution.” <i>PNAS</i>. National Academy of Sciences,
    2002. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.232565499">https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.232565499</a>.
  ieee: A. Kondrashov, S. Sunyaev, and F. Kondrashov, “Dobzhansky-Muller incompatibilities
    in protein evolution,” <i>PNAS</i>, vol. 99, no. 23. National Academy of Sciences,
    pp. 14878–14883, 2002.
  ista: Kondrashov A, Sunyaev S, Kondrashov F. 2002. Dobzhansky-Muller incompatibilities
    in protein evolution. PNAS. 99(23), 14878–14883.
  mla: Kondrashov, Alexey, et al. “Dobzhansky-Muller Incompatibilities in Protein
    Evolution.” <i>PNAS</i>, vol. 99, no. 23, National Academy of Sciences, 2002,
    pp. 14878–83, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.232565499">10.1073/pnas.232565499</a>.
  short: A. Kondrashov, S. Sunyaev, F. Kondrashov, PNAS 99 (2002) 14878–14883.
date_created: 2018-12-11T11:49:01Z
date_published: 2002-11-12T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2023-07-26T09:48:37Z
day: '12'
doi: 10.1073/pnas.232565499
extern: '1'
external_id:
  pmid:
  - '12403824'
intvolume: '        99'
issue: '23'
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
  url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC137512/
month: '11'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
page: 14878 - 14883
pmid: 1
publication: PNAS
publication_identifier:
  issn:
  - 0027-8424
publication_status: published
publisher: National Academy of Sciences
publist_id: '6763'
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: Dobzhansky-Muller incompatibilities in protein evolution
type: journal_article
user_id: ea97e931-d5af-11eb-85d4-e6957dddbf17
volume: 99
year: '2002'
...
---
_id: '897'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: "Transcription is a slow and expensive process: in eukaryotes, approximately
    20 nucleotides can be transcribed per second at the expense of at least two ATP
    molecules per nucleotide. Thus, at least for highly expressed genes, transcription
    of long introns, which are particularly common in mammals, is costly. Using data
    on the expression of genes that encode proteins in Caenorhabditis elegans and
    Homo sapiens, we show that introns in highly expressed genes are substantially
    shorter than those in genes that are expressed at low levels. This difference
    is greater in humans, such that introns are, on average, 14 times shorter in highly
    expressed genes than in genes with low expression, whereas in C. Elegans the difference
    in intron length is only twofold. In contrast, the density of introns in a gene
    does not strongly depend on the level of gene expression. Thus, natural selection
    appears to favor short introns in highly expressed genes to minimize the cost
    of transcription and other molecular processes, such as splicing.\r\n"
acknowledgement: We are grateful to A. Kondrashov, I. Rogozin and A. Feldman for reading
  the manuscript and P. Bouman, J. Cherry, J. Blumensteil and T. Kim for discussion.
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Cristian
  full_name: Castillo Davis, Cristian
  last_name: Castillo Davis
- first_name: Sergei
  full_name: Mekhedov, Sergei
  last_name: Mekhedov
- first_name: Daniel
  full_name: Hartl, Daniel
  last_name: Hartl
- first_name: Eugene
  full_name: Koonin, Eugene
  last_name: Koonin
- first_name: Fyodor
  full_name: Kondrashov, Fyodor
  id: 44FDEF62-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Kondrashov
  orcid: 0000-0001-8243-4694
citation:
  ama: Castillo Davis C, Mekhedov S, Hartl D, Koonin E, Kondrashov F. Selection for
    short introns in highly expressed genes. <i>Nature Genetics</i>. 2002;31(4):415-418.
    doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/ng940">10.1038/ng940</a>
  apa: Castillo Davis, C., Mekhedov, S., Hartl, D., Koonin, E., &#38; Kondrashov,
    F. (2002). Selection for short introns in highly expressed genes. <i>Nature Genetics</i>.
    Nature Publishing Group. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/ng940">https://doi.org/10.1038/ng940</a>
  chicago: Castillo Davis, Cristian, Sergei Mekhedov, Daniel Hartl, Eugene Koonin,
    and Fyodor Kondrashov. “Selection for Short Introns in Highly Expressed Genes.”
    <i>Nature Genetics</i>. Nature Publishing Group, 2002. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/ng940">https://doi.org/10.1038/ng940</a>.
  ieee: C. Castillo Davis, S. Mekhedov, D. Hartl, E. Koonin, and F. Kondrashov, “Selection
    for short introns in highly expressed genes,” <i>Nature Genetics</i>, vol. 31,
    no. 4. Nature Publishing Group, pp. 415–418, 2002.
  ista: Castillo Davis C, Mekhedov S, Hartl D, Koonin E, Kondrashov F. 2002. Selection
    for short introns in highly expressed genes. Nature Genetics. 31(4), 415–418.
  mla: Castillo Davis, Cristian, et al. “Selection for Short Introns in Highly Expressed
    Genes.” <i>Nature Genetics</i>, vol. 31, no. 4, Nature Publishing Group, 2002,
    pp. 415–18, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/ng940">10.1038/ng940</a>.
  short: C. Castillo Davis, S. Mekhedov, D. Hartl, E. Koonin, F. Kondrashov, Nature
    Genetics 31 (2002) 415–418.
date_created: 2018-12-11T11:49:05Z
date_published: 2002-08-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2023-07-26T09:45:30Z
day: '01'
doi: 10.1038/ng940
extern: '1'
external_id:
  pmid:
  - '12134150'
intvolume: '        31'
issue: '4'
language:
- iso: eng
month: '08'
oa_version: None
page: 415 - 418
pmid: 1
publication: Nature Genetics
publication_status: published
publisher: Nature Publishing Group
publist_id: '6751'
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: Selection for short introns in highly expressed genes
type: journal_article
user_id: ea97e931-d5af-11eb-85d4-e6957dddbf17
volume: 31
year: '2002'
...
---
_id: '1737'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: A new solvent-free composite polymer electrolyte consisting of high-molecular
    mass polyethylene oxide (PEO) filled with titanium oxide and containing LiI and
    I2 was developed. The introduction of the inorganic filler (TiO2 Degussa P25)
    into the polymer matrix produces dramatic morphological changes to the host polymer
    structure. Upon addition of the inorganic oxide, the surface roughness increases,
    with respect to the original polymer and in parallel, the fractal dimension decreases.
    Both the thermograms and the atomic force microscope (AFM) pictures confirm the
    amorphicity of the composite electrolyte. The polymer sub-units are held together
    in a parallel orientation, forming straight long chains of about 500 nm in width,
    along which TiO2 spherical particles of about 20-25 nm in diameter are distributed.
    The polymer chains separated by the titania particles are arranged in a three-dimensional,
    mechanically stable network, that creates free space and voids into which the
    iodide/triodide anions can easily migrate. All solid-state dye-sensitized solar
    cells fabricated using this composite electrolyte present high efficiencies (typical
    maximum incident photon to current efficiency (IPCE) as high as 40% at 520 nm
    and overall conversion efficiency (η) of 0.96% (Voc = 0.67 V, Jsc = 2.050 mA/cm2,
    FF = 39%) under direct solar irradiation. Further improvement of the photovoltaic
    performance is expected by optimization of the electrolyte parameters and of the
    cell assembly.
acknowledgement: Financial support from NCSR “Demokritos” (Dimoerevna 598 project),
  Empeirikeion Foundation and General Secretariat for Research and Technology of Greece
  (EPET II, Greece–France and Greece–Czech Republic bilateral collaboration projects)
  is also greatly acknowledged. G. Katsaros thanks the Greek State Scholarships Foundation
  (IKY) for fellowship allowance
article_processing_charge: No
author:
- first_name: Georgios
  full_name: Katsaros, Georgios
  id: 38DB5788-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Katsaros
- first_name: Thomas
  full_name: Stergiopoulos, Thomas
  last_name: Stergiopoulos
- first_name: Iannis
  full_name: Arabatzis, Iannis
  last_name: Arabatzis
- first_name: Kyriaki
  full_name: Papadokostaki, Kyriaki
  last_name: Papadokostaki
- first_name: Polycarpos
  full_name: Falaras, Polycarpos
  last_name: Falaras
citation:
  ama: 'Katsaros G, Stergiopoulos T, Arabatzis I, Papadokostaki K, Falaras P. A solvent-free
    composite polymer/inorganic oxide electrolyte for high efficiency solid-state
    dye-sensitized solar cells. <i>Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A: Chemistry</i>.
    2002;149(1-3):191-198. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/S1010-6030(02)00027-8">10.1016/S1010-6030(02)00027-8</a>'
  apa: 'Katsaros, G., Stergiopoulos, T., Arabatzis, I., Papadokostaki, K., &#38; Falaras,
    P. (2002). A solvent-free composite polymer/inorganic oxide electrolyte for high
    efficiency solid-state dye-sensitized solar cells. <i>Journal of Photochemistry
    and Photobiology A: Chemistry</i>. Elsevier. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/S1010-6030(02)00027-8">https://doi.org/10.1016/S1010-6030(02)00027-8</a>'
  chicago: 'Katsaros, Georgios, Thomas Stergiopoulos, Iannis Arabatzis, Kyriaki Papadokostaki,
    and Polycarpos Falaras. “A Solvent-Free Composite Polymer/Inorganic Oxide Electrolyte
    for High Efficiency Solid-State Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells.” <i>Journal of Photochemistry
    and Photobiology A: Chemistry</i>. Elsevier, 2002. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/S1010-6030(02)00027-8">https://doi.org/10.1016/S1010-6030(02)00027-8</a>.'
  ieee: 'G. Katsaros, T. Stergiopoulos, I. Arabatzis, K. Papadokostaki, and P. Falaras,
    “A solvent-free composite polymer/inorganic oxide electrolyte for high efficiency
    solid-state dye-sensitized solar cells,” <i>Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology
    A: Chemistry</i>, vol. 149, no. 1–3. Elsevier, pp. 191–198, 2002.'
  ista: 'Katsaros G, Stergiopoulos T, Arabatzis I, Papadokostaki K, Falaras P. 2002.
    A solvent-free composite polymer/inorganic oxide electrolyte for high efficiency
    solid-state dye-sensitized solar cells. Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology
    A: Chemistry. 149(1–3), 191–198.'
  mla: 'Katsaros, Georgios, et al. “A Solvent-Free Composite Polymer/Inorganic Oxide
    Electrolyte for High Efficiency Solid-State Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells.” <i>Journal
    of Photochemistry and Photobiology A: Chemistry</i>, vol. 149, no. 1–3, Elsevier,
    2002, pp. 191–98, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/S1010-6030(02)00027-8">10.1016/S1010-6030(02)00027-8</a>.'
  short: 'G. Katsaros, T. Stergiopoulos, I. Arabatzis, K. Papadokostaki, P. Falaras,
    Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A: Chemistry 149 (2002) 191–198.'
date_created: 2018-12-11T11:53:44Z
date_published: 2002-06-28T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2023-07-26T08:56:55Z
day: '28'
doi: 10.1016/S1010-6030(02)00027-8
extern: '1'
intvolume: '       149'
issue: 1-3
language:
- iso: eng
month: '06'
oa_version: None
page: 191 - 198
publication: 'Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A: Chemistry'
publication_identifier:
  issn:
  - 1010-6030
publication_status: published
publisher: Elsevier
publist_id: '5387'
status: public
title: A solvent-free composite polymer/inorganic oxide electrolyte for high efficiency
  solid-state dye-sensitized solar cells
type: journal_article
user_id: ea97e931-d5af-11eb-85d4-e6957dddbf17
volume: 149
year: '2002'
...
---
_id: '1738'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: New dyes of the type Ru(II)(bdmpp)(bpy) [where bdmpp is 2,6-bis(3,5-dimethyl-N-pyrazoyl)pyridine
    and bpy is 2,2′-bipyridine-4,4′-dicarboxylic acid] are prepared and characterized
    by infra-red (IR), mass (MS) and electrospray mass spectroscopy (ES-MS) as well
    as 1H NMR (1D and 2D) spectroscopies. The compounds present broad and very high
    intensity MLCT absorption bands in the visible and can be chemically anchored
    on TiO2 films via ester-like linkage involving carboxylato groups. These complexes
    have been tested with success as potential molecular antennas in dye-sensitized
    solar cells. Both opaque and transparent nanocrystalline TiO2 thin film electrodes
    obtained by a doctor blade technique sensitized by these complexes were incorporated
    in a sandwich type regenerative photoelectrochemical solar cell containing 0.1M
    LiI +0.01M I2 in propylene carbonate as well as a platinized conductive glass
    counter electrode. The cell was characterized by Raman spectroscopy under anodic
    and cathodic bias. Two new vibration bands were observed in the lower frequency
    region. The first one at 112 cm-1 is due to tri-iodide formed on the photoactive
    electrode, and the second one at 167 cm-1 is a sign of the dye/iodide interaction
    and corresponds to a vibration in a chemically stable &quot;DI&quot; intermediate
    species. Under direct sunlight illumination (solar irradiance of 60 mW/cm2) by
    using a composite polymer solid state electrolyte, the cell ITO/TiO2/[Ru(II)(bdmpp)(bpy)(NCS)](PF6)/electrolyte/Pt-ITO
    produced a continuous photocurrent as high as 4.29mA/cm2, and gave IPCE values
    about half of the corresponding values obtained by the standard N3 dye under the
    same conditions. The photovoltage is about 600 mV and the overall energy conversion
    cell's efficiency is as high as 1.72%.
author:
- first_name: Polycarpos
  full_name: Falaras, Polycarpos
  last_name: Falaras
- first_name: Katerina
  full_name: Chryssou, Katerina
  last_name: Chryssou
- first_name: Thomas
  full_name: Stergiopoulos, Thomas
  last_name: Stergiopoulos
- first_name: Ioannis
  full_name: Arabatzis, Ioannis M
  last_name: Arabatzis
- first_name: Georgios
  full_name: Georgios Katsaros
  id: 38DB5788-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Katsaros
- first_name: Vincent
  full_name: Catalano, Vincent J
  last_name: Catalano
- first_name: Raif
  full_name: Kurtaran, Raif
  last_name: Kurtaran
- first_name: Anne
  full_name: Hugot-Le Goff, Anne
  last_name: Hugot Le Goff
- first_name: Marie
  full_name: Bernard, Marie C
  last_name: Bernard
citation:
  ama: 'Falaras P, Chryssou K, Stergiopoulos T, et al. Dye-sensitization of titanium
    dioxide thin films by Ru(II)-bpp-bpy complexes. In: Vol 4801. SPIE; 2002:125-135.
    doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1117/12.452446">10.1117/12.452446</a>'
  apa: Falaras, P., Chryssou, K., Stergiopoulos, T., Arabatzis, I., Katsaros, G.,
    Catalano, V., … Bernard, M. (2002). Dye-sensitization of titanium dioxide thin
    films by Ru(II)-bpp-bpy complexes (Vol. 4801, pp. 125–135). Presented at the Organic
    Photovoltaics, SPIE. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1117/12.452446">https://doi.org/10.1117/12.452446</a>
  chicago: Falaras, Polycarpos, Katerina Chryssou, Thomas Stergiopoulos, Ioannis Arabatzis,
    Georgios Katsaros, Vincent Catalano, Raif Kurtaran, Anne Hugot Le Goff, and Marie
    Bernard. “Dye-Sensitization of Titanium Dioxide Thin Films by Ru(II)-Bpp-Bpy Complexes,”
    4801:125–35. SPIE, 2002. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1117/12.452446">https://doi.org/10.1117/12.452446</a>.
  ieee: P. Falaras <i>et al.</i>, “Dye-sensitization of titanium dioxide thin films
    by Ru(II)-bpp-bpy complexes,” presented at the Organic Photovoltaics, 2002, vol.
    4801, pp. 125–135.
  ista: Falaras P, Chryssou K, Stergiopoulos T, Arabatzis I, Katsaros G, Catalano
    V, Kurtaran R, Hugot Le Goff A, Bernard M. 2002. Dye-sensitization of titanium
    dioxide thin films by Ru(II)-bpp-bpy complexes. Organic Photovoltaics vol. 4801,
    125–135.
  mla: Falaras, Polycarpos, et al. <i>Dye-Sensitization of Titanium Dioxide Thin Films
    by Ru(II)-Bpp-Bpy Complexes</i>. Vol. 4801, SPIE, 2002, pp. 125–35, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1117/12.452446">10.1117/12.452446</a>.
  short: P. Falaras, K. Chryssou, T. Stergiopoulos, I. Arabatzis, G. Katsaros, V.
    Catalano, R. Kurtaran, A. Hugot Le Goff, M. Bernard, in:, SPIE, 2002, pp. 125–135.
conference:
  name: Organic Photovoltaics
date_created: 2018-12-11T11:53:45Z
date_published: 2002-01-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2021-01-12T06:52:53Z
day: '01'
doi: 10.1117/12.452446
extern: 1
intvolume: '      4801'
month: '01'
page: 125 - 135
publication_status: published
publisher: SPIE
publist_id: '5385'
quality_controlled: 0
status: public
title: Dye-sensitization of titanium dioxide thin films by Ru(II)-bpp-bpy complexes
type: conference
volume: 4801
year: '2002'
...
---
_id: '1739'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: Poly(ethylene oxide)/titania polymer electrolyte based photoelectrochemical
    cells have been fabricated with Ru(dcbpy)2(NCS)2 complex as the sensitizer and
    nanoporous TiO2 films as photoanodes. The introduction of the titania filler into
    the poly(ethylene oxide) matrix reduces the crystallinity of the polymer and enhances
    the mobility of the 1-/13 - redox couple, resulting in outstanding overall conversion
    efficiency (4.2% under direct sunlight illumination) of the corresponding dye-sensitized
    nanocrystalline TiO2 solar cell, one of the best efficiencies reported to date
    for a solid-state device.
acknowledgement: 'Financial support from NCSR “Demokritos” and GSRT-Greece is greatly
  acknowledged. '
author:
- first_name: Thomas
  full_name: Stergiopoulos, Thomas
  last_name: Stergiopoulos
- first_name: Iannis
  full_name: Arabatzis, Iannis M
  last_name: Arabatzis
- first_name: Georgios
  full_name: Georgios Katsaros
  id: 38DB5788-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Katsaros
- first_name: Polycarpos
  full_name: Falaras, Polycarpos
  last_name: Falaras
citation:
  ama: Stergiopoulos T, Arabatzis I, Katsaros G, Falaras P. Binary Polyethylene Oxide/Titania
    Solid-State Redox Electrolyte for Highly Efficient Nanocrystalline TiO2 Photoelectrochemical
    Cells. <i>Nano Letters</i>. 2002;2(11):1259-1261. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1021/nl025798u">10.1021/nl025798u</a>
  apa: Stergiopoulos, T., Arabatzis, I., Katsaros, G., &#38; Falaras, P. (2002). Binary
    Polyethylene Oxide/Titania Solid-State Redox Electrolyte for Highly Efficient
    Nanocrystalline TiO2 Photoelectrochemical Cells. <i>Nano Letters</i>. American
    Chemical Society. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1021/nl025798u">https://doi.org/10.1021/nl025798u</a>
  chicago: Stergiopoulos, Thomas, Iannis Arabatzis, Georgios Katsaros, and Polycarpos
    Falaras. “Binary Polyethylene Oxide/Titania Solid-State Redox Electrolyte for
    Highly Efficient Nanocrystalline TiO2 Photoelectrochemical Cells.” <i>Nano Letters</i>.
    American Chemical Society, 2002. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1021/nl025798u">https://doi.org/10.1021/nl025798u</a>.
  ieee: T. Stergiopoulos, I. Arabatzis, G. Katsaros, and P. Falaras, “Binary Polyethylene
    Oxide/Titania Solid-State Redox Electrolyte for Highly Efficient Nanocrystalline
    TiO2 Photoelectrochemical Cells,” <i>Nano Letters</i>, vol. 2, no. 11. American
    Chemical Society, pp. 1259–1261, 2002.
  ista: Stergiopoulos T, Arabatzis I, Katsaros G, Falaras P. 2002. Binary Polyethylene
    Oxide/Titania Solid-State Redox Electrolyte for Highly Efficient Nanocrystalline
    TiO2 Photoelectrochemical Cells. Nano Letters. 2(11), 1259–1261.
  mla: Stergiopoulos, Thomas, et al. “Binary Polyethylene Oxide/Titania Solid-State
    Redox Electrolyte for Highly Efficient Nanocrystalline TiO2 Photoelectrochemical
    Cells.” <i>Nano Letters</i>, vol. 2, no. 11, American Chemical Society, 2002,
    pp. 1259–61, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1021/nl025798u">10.1021/nl025798u</a>.
  short: T. Stergiopoulos, I. Arabatzis, G. Katsaros, P. Falaras, Nano Letters 2 (2002)
    1259–1261.
date_created: 2018-12-11T11:53:45Z
date_published: 2002-11-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2021-01-12T06:52:53Z
day: '01'
doi: 10.1021/nl025798u
extern: 1
intvolume: '         2'
issue: '11'
month: '11'
page: 1259 - 1261
publication: Nano Letters
publication_status: published
publisher: American Chemical Society
publist_id: '5386'
quality_controlled: 0
status: public
title: Binary Polyethylene Oxide/Titania Solid-State Redox Electrolyte for Highly
  Efficient Nanocrystalline TiO2 Photoelectrochemical Cells
type: journal_article
volume: 2
year: '2002'
...
---
_id: '204'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: Let k⩾5 be an integer, and let x⩾1 be an arbitrary real number. We derive
    a bound[Formula presented] for the number of positive integers less than or equal
    to x which can be represented as a sum of two non-negative coprime kth powers,
    in essentially more than one way.
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Timothy D
  full_name: Browning, Timothy D
  id: 35827D50-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Browning
  orcid: 0000-0002-8314-0177
citation:
  ama: Browning TD. Equal Sums of Two kth Powers. <i>Journal of Number Theory</i>.
    2002;96(2):293-318. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1006/jnth.2002.2800">10.1006/jnth.2002.2800</a>
  apa: Browning, T. D. (2002). Equal Sums of Two kth Powers. <i>Journal of Number
    Theory</i>. Academic Press. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1006/jnth.2002.2800">https://doi.org/10.1006/jnth.2002.2800</a>
  chicago: Browning, Timothy D. “Equal Sums of Two Kth Powers.” <i>Journal of Number
    Theory</i>. Academic Press, 2002. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1006/jnth.2002.2800">https://doi.org/10.1006/jnth.2002.2800</a>.
  ieee: T. D. Browning, “Equal Sums of Two kth Powers,” <i>Journal of Number Theory</i>,
    vol. 96, no. 2. Academic Press, pp. 293–318, 2002.
  ista: Browning TD. 2002. Equal Sums of Two kth Powers. Journal of Number Theory.
    96(2), 293–318.
  mla: Browning, Timothy D. “Equal Sums of Two Kth Powers.” <i>Journal of Number Theory</i>,
    vol. 96, no. 2, Academic Press, 2002, pp. 293–318, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1006/jnth.2002.2800">10.1006/jnth.2002.2800</a>.
  short: T.D. Browning, Journal of Number Theory 96 (2002) 293–318.
date_created: 2018-12-11T11:45:11Z
date_published: 2002-10-02T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2023-07-26T12:15:14Z
day: '02'
doi: 10.1006/jnth.2002.2800
extern: '1'
intvolume: '        96'
issue: '2'
language:
- iso: eng
month: '10'
oa_version: Published Version
page: 293 - 318
publication: Journal of Number Theory
publication_identifier:
  issn:
  - 0022-314X
publication_status: published
publisher: Academic Press
publist_id: '7708'
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: Equal Sums of Two kth Powers
tmp:
  image: /images/cc_by.png
  legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode
  name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)
  short: CC BY (4.0)
type: journal_article
user_id: ea97e931-d5af-11eb-85d4-e6957dddbf17
volume: 96
year: '2002'
...
---
_id: '13438'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: ICln is an ion channel identified by expression cloning using a cDNA library
    from Madin-Darby canine kidney cells. In all organisms tested so far, only one
    transcript for the ICln protein could be identified. Here we show that two splice
    variants of the ICln ion channel can be found in Caenorhabditis elegans. Moreover,
    we show that these two splice variants of the ICln channel protein, which we termed
    IClnN1 and IClnN2, can be functionally reconstituted and tested in an artificial
    lipid bilayer. In these experiments, the IClnN1-induced currents showed no voltage-dependent
    inactivation, whereas the IClnN2-induced currents fully inactivated at positive
    potentials. The molecular entity responsible for the voltage-dependent inactivation
    of IClnN2 is a cluster of positively charged amino acids encoded by exon 2a, which
    is absent in IClnN1. Our experiments suggest a mechanism of channel inactivation
    that is similar to the “ball and chain” model proposed for the Shaker potassium
    channel,i.e. a cluster of positively charged amino acids hinders ion permeation
    through the channel by a molecular and voltage-dependent interaction at the inner
    vestibulum of the pore. This hypothesis is supported by the finding that synthetic
    peptides with the same amino acid sequence as the positive cluster can transform
    the IClnN1-induced current to the current observed after reconstitution of IClnN2.
    Furthermore, we show that the nematode ICln gene is embedded in an operon harboring
    two additional genes, which we termed Nx and Ny. Co-reconstitution of Nx and IClnN2
    and functional analysis of the related currents revealed a functional interaction
    between the two proteins, as evidenced by the fact that the IClnN2-induced current
    in the presence of Nx was no longer voltage-sensitive. The experiments described
    indicate that the genome organization in nematodes allows an effective approach
    for the identification of functional partner proteins of ion channels.
acknowledgement: We are grateful to D. E. Clapham, E. Wöll, G. Meyer, and G. Botta
  for helpful discussion and/or reading of the manuscript. We also thank T. Stiernagle
  for providing the N2 strain of C. elegans and A. Wimmer and M. Frick for technical
  assistance
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Johannes
  full_name: Fürst, Johannes
  last_name: Fürst
- first_name: Markus
  full_name: Ritter, Markus
  last_name: Ritter
- first_name: Jakob
  full_name: Rudzki, Jakob
  last_name: Rudzki
- first_name: Johann G
  full_name: Danzl, Johann G
  id: 42EFD3B6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Danzl
  orcid: 0000-0001-8559-3973
- first_name: Martin
  full_name: Gschwentner, Martin
  last_name: Gschwentner
- first_name: Elke
  full_name: Scandella, Elke
  last_name: Scandella
- first_name: Martin
  full_name: Jakab, Martin
  last_name: Jakab
- first_name: Matthias
  full_name: König, Matthias
  last_name: König
- first_name: Bernhard
  full_name: Oehl, Bernhard
  last_name: Oehl
- first_name: Florian
  full_name: Lang, Florian
  last_name: Lang
- first_name: Peter
  full_name: Deetjen, Peter
  last_name: Deetjen
- first_name: Markus
  full_name: Paulmichl, Markus
  last_name: Paulmichl
citation:
  ama: Fürst J, Ritter M, Rudzki J, et al. ICln Ion channel splice variants in Caenorhabditis
    elegans. <i>Journal of Biological Chemistry</i>. 2002;277(6):4435-4445. doi:<a
    href="https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.m107372200">10.1074/jbc.m107372200</a>
  apa: Fürst, J., Ritter, M., Rudzki, J., Danzl, J. G., Gschwentner, M., Scandella,
    E., … Paulmichl, M. (2002). ICln Ion channel splice variants in Caenorhabditis
    elegans. <i>Journal of Biological Chemistry</i>. Elsevier. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.m107372200">https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.m107372200</a>
  chicago: Fürst, Johannes, Markus Ritter, Jakob Rudzki, Johann G Danzl, Martin Gschwentner,
    Elke Scandella, Martin Jakab, et al. “ICln Ion Channel Splice Variants in Caenorhabditis
    Elegans.” <i>Journal of Biological Chemistry</i>. Elsevier, 2002. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.m107372200">https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.m107372200</a>.
  ieee: J. Fürst <i>et al.</i>, “ICln Ion channel splice variants in Caenorhabditis
    elegans,” <i>Journal of Biological Chemistry</i>, vol. 277, no. 6. Elsevier, pp.
    4435–4445, 2002.
  ista: Fürst J, Ritter M, Rudzki J, Danzl JG, Gschwentner M, Scandella E, Jakab M,
    König M, Oehl B, Lang F, Deetjen P, Paulmichl M. 2002. ICln Ion channel splice
    variants in Caenorhabditis elegans. Journal of Biological Chemistry. 277(6), 4435–4445.
  mla: Fürst, Johannes, et al. “ICln Ion Channel Splice Variants in Caenorhabditis
    Elegans.” <i>Journal of Biological Chemistry</i>, vol. 277, no. 6, Elsevier, 2002,
    pp. 4435–45, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.m107372200">10.1074/jbc.m107372200</a>.
  short: J. Fürst, M. Ritter, J. Rudzki, J.G. Danzl, M. Gschwentner, E. Scandella,
    M. Jakab, M. König, B. Oehl, F. Lang, P. Deetjen, M. Paulmichl, Journal of Biological
    Chemistry 277 (2002) 4435–4445.
date_created: 2023-08-01T12:37:50Z
date_published: 2002-02-08T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2023-08-01T12:55:54Z
day: '08'
ddc:
- '570'
doi: 10.1074/jbc.m107372200
extern: '1'
external_id:
  pmid:
  - '11706026'
file:
- access_level: open_access
  checksum: 13abe20f78eb37ab62beb006f62c69b7
  content_type: application/pdf
  creator: alisjak
  date_created: 2023-08-01T12:44:09Z
  date_updated: 2023-08-01T12:44:09Z
  file_id: '13439'
  file_name: 2002_JBC_Fuerst.pdf
  file_size: 798920
  relation: main_file
  success: 1
file_date_updated: 2023-08-01T12:44:09Z
has_accepted_license: '1'
intvolume: '       277'
issue: '6'
keyword:
- Cell Biology
- Molecular Biology
- Biochemistry
language:
- iso: eng
month: '02'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
page: 4435-4445
pmid: 1
publication: Journal of Biological Chemistry
publication_identifier:
  issn:
  - 0021-9258
publication_status: published
publisher: Elsevier
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: ICln Ion channel splice variants in Caenorhabditis elegans
tmp:
  image: /images/cc_by.png
  legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode
  name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)
  short: CC BY (4.0)
type: journal_article
user_id: ea97e931-d5af-11eb-85d4-e6957dddbf17
volume: 277
year: '2002'
...
---
_id: '1451'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: Extending work of Bielawski-Dancer 3 and Konno 14, we develop a theory of
    toric hyperkähler varieties, which involves toric geometry, matroid theory and
    convex polyhedra. The framework is a detailed study of semi-projective toric varieties,
    meaning GIT quotients of affine spaces by torus actions, and specifically, of
    Lawrence toric varieties, meaning GIT quotients of even-dimensional affine spaces
    by symplectic torus actions. A toric hyperkähler variety is a complete intersection
    in a Lawrence toric variety. Both varieties are non-compact, and they share the
    same cohomology ring, namely, the Stanley-Reisner ring of a matroid modulo a linear
    system of parameters. Familiar applications of toric geometry to combinatorics,
    including the Hard Lefschetz Theorem and the volume polynomials of Khovanskii-Pukhlikov
    11, are extended to the hyperkähler setting. When the matroid is graphic, our
    construction gives the toric quiver varieties, in the sense of Nakajima 17.
acknowledgement: "Both authors were supported by the Miller Institute for Basic Research
  in Science, in the form of a Miller Research Fellowship (1999-2002) for the first
  author and a Miller Professorship (2000-2001) for the second author. The second
  author was also supported by the National Science\r\nFoundation (DMS-9970254)."
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
arxiv: 1
author:
- first_name: Tamas
  full_name: Hausel, Tamas
  id: 4A0666D8-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Hausel
- first_name: Bernd
  full_name: Sturmfels, Bernd
  last_name: Sturmfels
citation:
  ama: Hausel T, Sturmfels B. Toric hyperkähler varieties. <i>Documenta Mathematica</i>.
    2002;7(1):495-534. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.4171/DM/130">10.4171/DM/130</a>
  apa: Hausel, T., &#38; Sturmfels, B. (2002). Toric hyperkähler varieties. <i>Documenta
    Mathematica</i>. Deutsche Mathematiker Vereinigung. <a href="https://doi.org/10.4171/DM/130">https://doi.org/10.4171/DM/130</a>
  chicago: Hausel, Tamás, and Bernd Sturmfels. “Toric Hyperkähler Varieties.” <i>Documenta
    Mathematica</i>. Deutsche Mathematiker Vereinigung, 2002. <a href="https://doi.org/10.4171/DM/130">https://doi.org/10.4171/DM/130</a>.
  ieee: T. Hausel and B. Sturmfels, “Toric hyperkähler varieties,” <i>Documenta Mathematica</i>,
    vol. 7, no. 1. Deutsche Mathematiker Vereinigung, pp. 495–534, 2002.
  ista: Hausel T, Sturmfels B. 2002. Toric hyperkähler varieties. Documenta Mathematica.
    7(1), 495–534.
  mla: Hausel, Tamás, and Bernd Sturmfels. “Toric Hyperkähler Varieties.” <i>Documenta
    Mathematica</i>, vol. 7, no. 1, Deutsche Mathematiker Vereinigung, 2002, pp. 495–534,
    doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.4171/DM/130">10.4171/DM/130</a>.
  short: T. Hausel, B. Sturmfels, Documenta Mathematica 7 (2002) 495–534.
date_created: 2018-12-11T11:52:06Z
date_published: 2002-01-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2023-07-26T09:16:33Z
day: '01'
doi: 10.4171/DM/130
extern: '1'
external_id:
  arxiv:
  - math/0203096
intvolume: '         7'
issue: '1'
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
  url: https://ems.press/journals/dm/articles/8965058
month: '01'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
page: 495 - 534
publication: Documenta Mathematica
publication_identifier:
  issn:
  - 1431-0635
publication_status: published
publisher: Deutsche Mathematiker Vereinigung
publist_id: '5741'
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: Toric hyperkähler varieties
type: journal_article
user_id: ea97e931-d5af-11eb-85d4-e6957dddbf17
volume: 7
year: '2002'
...
---
_id: '6158'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: Wild isolates of Caenorhabditis elegans can feed either alone or in groups1,2.
    This natural variation in behaviour is associated with a single residue difference
    in NPR-1, a predicted G-protein-coupled neuropeptide receptor related to Neuropeptide
    Y receptors2. Here we show that the NPR-1 isoform associated with solitary feeding
    acts in neurons exposed to the body fluid to inhibit social feeding. Furthermore,
    suppressing the activity of these neurons, called AQR, PQR and URX, using an activated
    K+ channel, inhibits social feeding. NPR-1 activity in AQR, PQR and URX neurons
    seems to suppress social feeding by antagonizing signalling through a cyclic GMP-gated
    ion channel encoded by tax-2 and tax-4. We show that mutations in tax-2 or tax-4
    disrupt social feeding, and that tax-4 is required in several neurons for social
    feeding, including one or more of AQR, PQR and URX. The AQR, PQR and URX neurons
    are unusual in C. elegans because they are directly exposed to the pseudocoelomic
    body fluid3. Our data suggest a model in which these neurons integrate antagonistic
    signals to control the choice between social and solitary feeding behaviour.
author:
- first_name: Juliet C.
  full_name: Coates, Juliet C.
  last_name: Coates
- first_name: Mario
  full_name: de Bono, Mario
  id: 4E3FF80E-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: de Bono
  orcid: 0000-0001-8347-0443
citation:
  ama: Coates JC, de Bono M. Antagonistic pathways in neurons exposed to body fluid
    regulate social feeding in Caenorhabditis elegans. <i>Nature</i>. 2002;419(6910):925-929.
    doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/nature01170">10.1038/nature01170</a>
  apa: Coates, J. C., &#38; de Bono, M. (2002). Antagonistic pathways in neurons exposed
    to body fluid regulate social feeding in Caenorhabditis elegans. <i>Nature</i>.
    Springer Nature. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/nature01170">https://doi.org/10.1038/nature01170</a>
  chicago: Coates, Juliet C., and Mario de Bono. “Antagonistic Pathways in Neurons
    Exposed to Body Fluid Regulate Social Feeding in Caenorhabditis Elegans.” <i>Nature</i>.
    Springer Nature, 2002. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/nature01170">https://doi.org/10.1038/nature01170</a>.
  ieee: J. C. Coates and M. de Bono, “Antagonistic pathways in neurons exposed to
    body fluid regulate social feeding in Caenorhabditis elegans,” <i>Nature</i>,
    vol. 419, no. 6910. Springer Nature, pp. 925–929, 2002.
  ista: Coates JC, de Bono M. 2002. Antagonistic pathways in neurons exposed to body
    fluid regulate social feeding in Caenorhabditis elegans. Nature. 419(6910), 925–929.
  mla: Coates, Juliet C., and Mario de Bono. “Antagonistic Pathways in Neurons Exposed
    to Body Fluid Regulate Social Feeding in Caenorhabditis Elegans.” <i>Nature</i>,
    vol. 419, no. 6910, Springer Nature, 2002, pp. 925–29, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/nature01170">10.1038/nature01170</a>.
  short: J.C. Coates, M. de Bono, Nature 419 (2002) 925–929.
date_created: 2019-03-21T10:09:20Z
date_published: 2002-10-31T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2021-01-12T08:06:26Z
day: '31'
doi: 10.1038/nature01170
extern: '1'
external_id:
  pmid:
  - '12410311'
intvolume: '       419'
issue: '6910'
language:
- iso: eng
month: '10'
oa_version: None
page: 925-929
pmid: 1
publication: Nature
publication_identifier:
  issn:
  - 0028-0836
publication_status: published
publisher: Springer Nature
quality_controlled: '1'
status: public
title: Antagonistic pathways in neurons exposed to body fluid regulate social feeding
  in Caenorhabditis elegans
type: journal_article
user_id: 3E5EF7F0-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 419
year: '2002'
...
---
_id: '6159'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: 'Natural Caenorhabditis elegans isolates exhibit either social or solitary
    feeding on bacteria. We show here that social feeding is induced by nociceptive
    neurons that detect adverse or stressful conditions. Ablation of the nociceptive
    neurons ASH and ADL transforms social animals into solitary feeders. Social feeding
    is probably due to the sensation of noxious chemicals by ASH and ADL neurons;
    it requires the genes ocr-2 and osm-9, which encode TRP-related transduction channels,
    and odr-4 and odr-8, which are required to localize sensory chemoreceptors to
    cilia. Other sensory neurons may suppress social feeding, as social feeding in
    ocr-2 and odr-4 mutants is restored by mutations in osm-3, a gene required for
    the development of 26 ciliated sensory neurons. Our data suggest a model for regulation
    of social feeding by opposing sensory inputs: aversive inputs to nociceptive neurons
    promote social feeding, whereas antagonistic inputs from neurons that express
    osm-3 inhibit aggregation.'
author:
- first_name: Mario
  full_name: de Bono, Mario
  id: 4E3FF80E-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: de Bono
  orcid: 0000-0001-8347-0443
- first_name: David M.
  full_name: Tobin, David M.
  last_name: Tobin
- first_name: M. Wayne
  full_name: Davis, M. Wayne
  last_name: Davis
- first_name: Leon
  full_name: Avery, Leon
  last_name: Avery
- first_name: Cornelia I.
  full_name: Bargmann, Cornelia I.
  last_name: Bargmann
citation:
  ama: de Bono M, Tobin DM, Davis MW, Avery L, Bargmann CI. Social feeding in Caenorhabditis
    elegans is induced by neurons that detect aversive stimuli. <i>Nature</i>. 2002;419(6910):899-903.
    doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/nature01169">10.1038/nature01169</a>
  apa: de Bono, M., Tobin, D. M., Davis, M. W., Avery, L., &#38; Bargmann, C. I. (2002).
    Social feeding in Caenorhabditis elegans is induced by neurons that detect aversive
    stimuli. <i>Nature</i>. Springer Nature. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/nature01169">https://doi.org/10.1038/nature01169</a>
  chicago: Bono, Mario de, David M. Tobin, M. Wayne Davis, Leon Avery, and Cornelia
    I. Bargmann. “Social Feeding in Caenorhabditis Elegans Is Induced by Neurons That
    Detect Aversive Stimuli.” <i>Nature</i>. Springer Nature, 2002. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/nature01169">https://doi.org/10.1038/nature01169</a>.
  ieee: M. de Bono, D. M. Tobin, M. W. Davis, L. Avery, and C. I. Bargmann, “Social
    feeding in Caenorhabditis elegans is induced by neurons that detect aversive stimuli,”
    <i>Nature</i>, vol. 419, no. 6910. Springer Nature, pp. 899–903, 2002.
  ista: de Bono M, Tobin DM, Davis MW, Avery L, Bargmann CI. 2002. Social feeding
    in Caenorhabditis elegans is induced by neurons that detect aversive stimuli.
    Nature. 419(6910), 899–903.
  mla: de Bono, Mario, et al. “Social Feeding in Caenorhabditis Elegans Is Induced
    by Neurons That Detect Aversive Stimuli.” <i>Nature</i>, vol. 419, no. 6910, Springer
    Nature, 2002, pp. 899–903, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/nature01169">10.1038/nature01169</a>.
  short: M. de Bono, D.M. Tobin, M.W. Davis, L. Avery, C.I. Bargmann, Nature 419 (2002)
    899–903.
date_created: 2019-03-21T10:27:04Z
date_published: 2002-10-31T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2021-01-12T08:06:27Z
day: '31'
doi: 10.1038/nature01169
extern: '1'
external_id:
  pmid:
  - '12410303'
intvolume: '       419'
issue: '6910'
language:
- iso: eng
month: '10'
oa_version: None
page: 899-903
pmid: 1
publication: Nature
publication_identifier:
  issn:
  - 0028-0836
publication_status: published
publisher: Springer Nature
quality_controlled: '1'
status: public
title: Social feeding in Caenorhabditis elegans is induced by neurons that detect
  aversive stimuli
type: journal_article
user_id: 3E5EF7F0-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 419
year: '2002'
...
---
_id: '11123'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: The small GTPase Ran is a key regulator of nucleocytoplasmic transport during
    interphase. The asymmetric distribution of the GTP-bound form of Ran across the
    nuclear envelope — that is, large quantities in the nucleus compared with small
    quantities in the cytoplasm — determines the directionality of many nuclear transport
    processes. Recent findings that Ran also functions in spindle formation and nuclear
    envelope assembly during mitosis suggest that Ran has a general role in chromatin-centred
    processes. Ran functions in these events as a signal for chromosome position.
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Martin W
  full_name: HETZER, Martin W
  id: 86c0d31b-b4eb-11ec-ac5a-eae7b2e135ed
  last_name: HETZER
  orcid: 0000-0002-2111-992X
- first_name: Oliver J.
  full_name: Gruss, Oliver J.
  last_name: Gruss
- first_name: Iain W.
  full_name: Mattaj, Iain W.
  last_name: Mattaj
citation:
  ama: Hetzer M, Gruss OJ, Mattaj IW. The Ran GTPase as a marker of chromosome position
    in spindle formation and nuclear envelope assembly. <i>Nature Cell Biology</i>.
    2002;4(7):E177-E184. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/ncb0702-e177">10.1038/ncb0702-e177</a>
  apa: Hetzer, M., Gruss, O. J., &#38; Mattaj, I. W. (2002). The Ran GTPase as a marker
    of chromosome position in spindle formation and nuclear envelope assembly. <i>Nature
    Cell Biology</i>. Springer Nature. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/ncb0702-e177">https://doi.org/10.1038/ncb0702-e177</a>
  chicago: Hetzer, Martin, Oliver J. Gruss, and Iain W. Mattaj. “The Ran GTPase as
    a Marker of Chromosome Position in Spindle Formation and Nuclear Envelope Assembly.”
    <i>Nature Cell Biology</i>. Springer Nature, 2002. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/ncb0702-e177">https://doi.org/10.1038/ncb0702-e177</a>.
  ieee: M. Hetzer, O. J. Gruss, and I. W. Mattaj, “The Ran GTPase as a marker of chromosome
    position in spindle formation and nuclear envelope assembly,” <i>Nature Cell Biology</i>,
    vol. 4, no. 7. Springer Nature, pp. E177–E184, 2002.
  ista: Hetzer M, Gruss OJ, Mattaj IW. 2002. The Ran GTPase as a marker of chromosome
    position in spindle formation and nuclear envelope assembly. Nature Cell Biology.
    4(7), E177–E184.
  mla: Hetzer, Martin, et al. “The Ran GTPase as a Marker of Chromosome Position in
    Spindle Formation and Nuclear Envelope Assembly.” <i>Nature Cell Biology</i>,
    vol. 4, no. 7, Springer Nature, 2002, pp. E177–84, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/ncb0702-e177">10.1038/ncb0702-e177</a>.
  short: M. Hetzer, O.J. Gruss, I.W. Mattaj, Nature Cell Biology 4 (2002) E177–E184.
date_created: 2022-04-07T07:57:19Z
date_published: 2002-07-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2022-07-18T08:58:03Z
day: '01'
doi: 10.1038/ncb0702-e177
extern: '1'
external_id:
  pmid:
  - '12105431'
intvolume: '         4'
issue: '7'
keyword:
- Cell Biology
language:
- iso: eng
month: '07'
oa_version: None
page: E177-E184
pmid: 1
publication: Nature Cell Biology
publication_identifier:
  eissn:
  - 1476-4679
  issn:
  - 1465-7392
publication_status: published
publisher: Springer Nature
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: The Ran GTPase as a marker of chromosome position in spindle formation and
  nuclear envelope assembly
type: journal_article
user_id: 72615eeb-f1f3-11ec-aa25-d4573ddc34fd
volume: 4
year: '2002'
...
---
_id: '11124'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: Ran GTPase plays important roles in nucleocytoplasmic transport in interphase
    [1, 2] and in both spindle formation and nuclear envelope (NE) assembly during
    mitosis [3, 4, 5]. The latter functions rely on the presence of high local concentrations
    of GTP-bound Ran near mitotic chromatin [3, 4, 5]. RanGTP localization has been
    proposed to result from the association of Ran's GDP/GTP exchange factor, RCC1,
    with chromatin [6, 7, 8, 9], but Ran is shown here to bind directly to chromatin
    in two modes, either dependent or independent of RCC1, and, where bound, to increase
    the affinity of chromatin for NE membranes. We propose that the Ran binding capacity
    of chromatin contributes to localized spindle and NE assembly.
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: letter_note
author:
- first_name: Daniel
  full_name: Bilbao-Cortés, Daniel
  last_name: Bilbao-Cortés
- first_name: Martin W
  full_name: HETZER, Martin W
  id: 86c0d31b-b4eb-11ec-ac5a-eae7b2e135ed
  last_name: HETZER
  orcid: 0000-0002-2111-992X
- first_name: Gernot
  full_name: Längst, Gernot
  last_name: Längst
- first_name: Peter B.
  full_name: Becker, Peter B.
  last_name: Becker
- first_name: Iain W.
  full_name: Mattaj, Iain W.
  last_name: Mattaj
citation:
  ama: Bilbao-Cortés D, Hetzer M, Längst G, Becker PB, Mattaj IW. Ran binds to chromatin
    by two distinct mechanisms. <i>Current Biology</i>. 2002;12(13):1151-1156. doi:<a
    href="https://doi.org/10.1016/s0960-9822(02)00927-2">10.1016/s0960-9822(02)00927-2</a>
  apa: Bilbao-Cortés, D., Hetzer, M., Längst, G., Becker, P. B., &#38; Mattaj, I.
    W. (2002). Ran binds to chromatin by two distinct mechanisms. <i>Current Biology</i>.
    Elsevier BV. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/s0960-9822(02)00927-2">https://doi.org/10.1016/s0960-9822(02)00927-2</a>
  chicago: Bilbao-Cortés, Daniel, Martin Hetzer, Gernot Längst, Peter B. Becker, and
    Iain W. Mattaj. “Ran Binds to Chromatin by Two Distinct Mechanisms.” <i>Current
    Biology</i>. Elsevier BV, 2002. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/s0960-9822(02)00927-2">https://doi.org/10.1016/s0960-9822(02)00927-2</a>.
  ieee: D. Bilbao-Cortés, M. Hetzer, G. Längst, P. B. Becker, and I. W. Mattaj, “Ran
    binds to chromatin by two distinct mechanisms,” <i>Current Biology</i>, vol. 12,
    no. 13. Elsevier BV, pp. 1151–1156, 2002.
  ista: Bilbao-Cortés D, Hetzer M, Längst G, Becker PB, Mattaj IW. 2002. Ran binds
    to chromatin by two distinct mechanisms. Current Biology. 12(13), 1151–1156.
  mla: Bilbao-Cortés, Daniel, et al. “Ran Binds to Chromatin by Two Distinct Mechanisms.”
    <i>Current Biology</i>, vol. 12, no. 13, Elsevier BV, 2002, pp. 1151–56, doi:<a
    href="https://doi.org/10.1016/s0960-9822(02)00927-2">10.1016/s0960-9822(02)00927-2</a>.
  short: D. Bilbao-Cortés, M. Hetzer, G. Längst, P.B. Becker, I.W. Mattaj, Current
    Biology 12 (2002) 1151–1156.
date_created: 2022-04-07T07:57:31Z
date_published: 2002-07-09T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2022-07-18T08:58:05Z
day: '09'
doi: 10.1016/s0960-9822(02)00927-2
extern: '1'
external_id:
  pmid:
  - '12121625'
intvolume: '        12'
issue: '13'
keyword:
- General Agricultural and Biological Sciences
- General Biochemistry
- Genetics and Molecular Biology
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
  url: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0960-9822(02)00927-2
month: '07'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
page: 1151-1156
pmid: 1
publication: Current Biology
publication_identifier:
  issn:
  - 0960-9822
publication_status: published
publisher: Elsevier BV
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: Ran binds to chromatin by two distinct mechanisms
type: journal_article
user_id: 72615eeb-f1f3-11ec-aa25-d4573ddc34fd
volume: 12
year: '2002'
...
---
_id: '2338'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: Now that the low temperature properties of quantum-mechanical many-body systems
    (bosons) at low density, ρ, can be examined experimentally it is appropriate to
    revisit some of the formulas deduced by many authors 4-5 decades ago. For systems
    with repulsive (i.e. positive) interaction potentials the experimental low temperature
    state and the ground state are effectively synonymous -- and this fact is used
    in all modeling. In such cases, the leading term in the energy/particle is 2πℏ2aρ/m
    where a is the scattering length of the two-body potential. Owing to the delicate
    and peculiar nature of bosonic correlations (such as the strange N7/5 law for
    charged bosons), four decades of research failed to establish this plausible formula
    rigorously. The only previous lower bound for the energy was found by Dyson in
    1957, but it was 14 times too small. The correct asymptotic formula has recently
    been obtained by us and this work will be presented. The reason behind the mathematical
    difficulties will be emphasized. A different formula, postulated as late as 1971
    by Schick, holds in two-dimensions and this, too, will be shown to be correct.
    With the aid of the methodology developed to prove the lower bound for the homogeneous
    gas, two other problems have been successfully addressed. One is the proof by
    us that the Gross-Pitaevskii equation correctly describes the ground state in
    the `traps' actually used in the experiments. For this system it is also possible
    to prove complete Bose condensation, as we have shown. Another topic is a proof
    that Foldy's 1961 theory of a high density Bose gas of charged particles correctly
    describes its ground state energy.
alternative_title:
- Current Developments in Mathematics
article_processing_charge: No
arxiv: 1
author:
- first_name: Élliott
  full_name: Lieb, Élliott
  last_name: Lieb
- first_name: Jan
  full_name: Solovej, Jan
  last_name: Solovej
- first_name: Robert
  full_name: Seiringer, Robert
  id: 4AFD0470-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Seiringer
  orcid: 0000-0002-6781-0521
- first_name: Jakob
  full_name: Yngvason, Jakob
  last_name: Yngvason
citation:
  ama: 'Lieb É, Solovej J, Seiringer R, Yngvason J. The ground state of the Bose gas.
    In: <i>Current Developments in Mathematics, 2001</i>. International Press; 2002:131-178.
    doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.math-ph/0204027">10.48550/arXiv.math-ph/0204027</a>'
  apa: Lieb, É., Solovej, J., Seiringer, R., &#38; Yngvason, J. (2002). The ground
    state of the Bose gas. In <i>Current Developments in Mathematics, 2001</i> (pp.
    131–178). International Press. <a href="https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.math-ph/0204027">https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.math-ph/0204027</a>
  chicago: Lieb, Élliott, Jan Solovej, Robert Seiringer, and Jakob Yngvason. “The
    Ground State of the Bose Gas.” In <i>Current Developments in Mathematics, 2001</i>,
    131–78. International Press, 2002. <a href="https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.math-ph/0204027">https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.math-ph/0204027</a>.
  ieee: É. Lieb, J. Solovej, R. Seiringer, and J. Yngvason, “The ground state of the
    Bose gas,” in <i>Current Developments in Mathematics, 2001</i>, International
    Press, 2002, pp. 131–178.
  ista: 'Lieb É, Solovej J, Seiringer R, Yngvason J. 2002.The ground state of the
    Bose gas. In: Current Developments in Mathematics, 2001. Current Developments
    in Mathematics, , 131–178.'
  mla: Lieb, Élliott, et al. “The Ground State of the Bose Gas.” <i>Current Developments
    in Mathematics, 2001</i>, International Press, 2002, pp. 131–78, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.math-ph/0204027">10.48550/arXiv.math-ph/0204027</a>.
  short: É. Lieb, J. Solovej, R. Seiringer, J. Yngvason, in:, Current Developments
    in Mathematics, 2001, International Press, 2002, pp. 131–178.
date_created: 2018-12-11T11:57:04Z
date_published: 2002-01-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2023-07-26T08:43:46Z
day: '01'
doi: 10.48550/arXiv.math-ph/0204027
extern: '1'
external_id:
  arxiv:
  - math-ph/0204027
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
  url: http://arxiv.org/abs/math-ph/0204027
month: '01'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
page: 131 - 178
publication: Current Developments in Mathematics, 2001
publication_identifier:
  isbn:
  - '9781571461018'
publication_status: published
publisher: International Press
publist_id: '4588'
status: public
title: The ground state of the Bose gas
type: book_chapter
user_id: ea97e931-d5af-11eb-85d4-e6957dddbf17
year: '2002'
...
---
_id: '2339'
alternative_title:
- Contemporary Mathematics
author:
- first_name: Robert
  full_name: Robert Seiringer
  id: 4AFD0470-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Seiringer
  orcid: 0000-0002-6781-0521
citation:
  ama: 'Seiringer R. Symmetry breaking in a model of a rotating Bose gas. In: Weder
    R, Exner P, Grébert B, eds. Vol 307. World Scientific Publishing; 2002:281-286.
    doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1090/conm/307">10.1090/conm/307</a>'
  apa: 'Seiringer, R. (2002). Symmetry breaking in a model of a rotating Bose gas.
    In R. Weder, P. Exner, &#38; B. Grébert (Eds.) (Vol. 307, pp. 281–286). Presented
    at the QMath: Mathematical Results in Quantum Physics, World Scientific Publishing.
    <a href="https://doi.org/10.1090/conm/307">https://doi.org/10.1090/conm/307</a>'
  chicago: Seiringer, Robert. “Symmetry Breaking in a Model of a Rotating Bose Gas.”
    edited by Richardo Weder, Pavel Exner, and Benoit Grébert, 307:281–86. World Scientific
    Publishing, 2002. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1090/conm/307">https://doi.org/10.1090/conm/307</a>.
  ieee: 'R. Seiringer, “Symmetry breaking in a model of a rotating Bose gas,” presented
    at the QMath: Mathematical Results in Quantum Physics, 2002, vol. 307, pp. 281–286.'
  ista: 'Seiringer R. 2002. Symmetry breaking in a model of a rotating Bose gas. QMath:
    Mathematical Results in Quantum Physics, Contemporary Mathematics, vol. 307, 281–286.'
  mla: Seiringer, Robert. <i>Symmetry Breaking in a Model of a Rotating Bose Gas</i>.
    Edited by Richardo Weder et al., vol. 307, World Scientific Publishing, 2002,
    pp. 281–86, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1090/conm/307">10.1090/conm/307</a>.
  short: R. Seiringer, in:, R. Weder, P. Exner, B. Grébert (Eds.), World Scientific
    Publishing, 2002, pp. 281–286.
conference:
  name: 'QMath: Mathematical Results in Quantum Physics'
date_created: 2018-12-11T11:57:05Z
date_published: 2002-01-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2021-01-12T06:56:53Z
day: '01'
doi: 10.1090/conm/307
editor:
- first_name: Richardo
  full_name: Weder, Richardo
  last_name: Weder
- first_name: Pavel
  full_name: Exner, Pavel
  last_name: Exner
- first_name: Benoit
  full_name: Grébert, Benoit
  last_name: Grébert
extern: 1
intvolume: '       307'
month: '01'
page: 281 - 286
publication_status: published
publisher: World Scientific Publishing
publist_id: '4587'
quality_controlled: 0
status: public
title: Symmetry breaking in a model of a rotating Bose gas
type: conference
volume: 307
year: '2002'
...
---
_id: '2349'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: The Bose-Einstein condensation (BEC) of the ground state of bosonic atoms
    in a trap was discussed. The BEC was proved for bosons with two-body repulsive
    interaction potentials in the dilute limit, starting from the basic Schrodinger
    equation. The BEC was 100% into the state which minimized the Gross-Pitaevskii
    energy functional. The analysis also included rigorous proof of BEC in a physically
    realistic, continuum model.
author:
- first_name: Élliott
  full_name: Lieb, Élliott H
  last_name: Lieb
- first_name: Robert
  full_name: Robert Seiringer
  id: 4AFD0470-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Seiringer
  orcid: 0000-0002-6781-0521
citation:
  ama: Lieb É, Seiringer R. Proof of Bose-Einstein condensation for dilute trapped
    gases. <i>Physical Review Letters</i>. 2002;88(17):1704091-1704094. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.88.170409">10.1103/PhysRevLett.88.170409</a>
  apa: Lieb, É., &#38; Seiringer, R. (2002). Proof of Bose-Einstein condensation for
    dilute trapped gases. <i>Physical Review Letters</i>. American Physical Society.
    <a href="https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.88.170409">https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.88.170409</a>
  chicago: Lieb, Élliott, and Robert Seiringer. “Proof of Bose-Einstein Condensation
    for Dilute Trapped Gases.” <i>Physical Review Letters</i>. American Physical Society,
    2002. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.88.170409">https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.88.170409</a>.
  ieee: É. Lieb and R. Seiringer, “Proof of Bose-Einstein condensation for dilute
    trapped gases,” <i>Physical Review Letters</i>, vol. 88, no. 17. American Physical
    Society, pp. 1704091–1704094, 2002.
  ista: Lieb É, Seiringer R. 2002. Proof of Bose-Einstein condensation for dilute
    trapped gases. Physical Review Letters. 88(17), 1704091–1704094.
  mla: Lieb, Élliott, and Robert Seiringer. “Proof of Bose-Einstein Condensation for
    Dilute Trapped Gases.” <i>Physical Review Letters</i>, vol. 88, no. 17, American
    Physical Society, 2002, pp. 1704091–94, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.88.170409">10.1103/PhysRevLett.88.170409</a>.
  short: É. Lieb, R. Seiringer, Physical Review Letters 88 (2002) 1704091–1704094.
date_created: 2018-12-11T11:57:08Z
date_published: 2002-04-29T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2021-01-12T06:56:56Z
day: '29'
doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.88.170409
extern: 1
intvolume: '        88'
issue: '17'
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
  url: http://arxiv.org/abs/math-ph/0112032
month: '04'
oa: 1
page: 1704091 - 1704094
publication: Physical Review Letters
publication_status: published
publisher: American Physical Society
publist_id: '4577'
quality_controlled: 0
status: public
title: Proof of Bose-Einstein condensation for dilute trapped gases
type: journal_article
volume: 88
year: '2002'
...
---
_id: '2350'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: Using the Pauli-Fierz model of non-relativistic quantum electrodynamics, we
    calculate the binding energy of an electron in the field of a nucleus of charge
    Z and in presence of the quantized radiation field. We consider the case of small
    coupling constant α, but fixed Zα and ultraviolet cut-off Λ. We prove that after
    renormalizing the mass the binding energy has, to leading order in α, a finite
    limit as Λ goes to infinity; i.e., the cut-off can be removed. The expression
    for the ground state energy shift thus obtained agrees with Bethe's formula for
    small values of Zα, but shows a different behavior for bigger values.
acknowledgement: "We are grateful to Elliott Lieb for helpful discussions. C.H. was
  supported by a Marie Curie Fellowship of the European Community programme “Improving
  Human Research Potential and the Socioeconomic Knowledge Base” under contract number
  HPMFCT-2000-00660 and by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, and acknowledges kind
  hospitality at Princeton University, where part of this work was done. R.S. was
  supported by the Austrian Science Fund in the form of an Erwin Schrödinger Fellowship.\r\n"
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
arxiv: 1
author:
- first_name: Christian
  full_name: Hainzl, Christian
  last_name: Hainzl
- first_name: Robert
  full_name: Seiringer, Robert
  id: 4AFD0470-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Seiringer
  orcid: 0000-0002-6781-0521
citation:
  ama: Hainzl C, Seiringer R. Mass renormalization and energy level shift in non-relativistic
    QED. <i>Advances in Theoretical and Mathematical Physics</i>. 2002;6(5):847-871.
    doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.4310/ATMP.2002.v6.n5.a3">10.4310/ATMP.2002.v6.n5.a3</a>
  apa: Hainzl, C., &#38; Seiringer, R. (2002). Mass renormalization and energy level
    shift in non-relativistic QED. <i>Advances in Theoretical and Mathematical Physics</i>.
    International Press. <a href="https://doi.org/10.4310/ATMP.2002.v6.n5.a3">https://doi.org/10.4310/ATMP.2002.v6.n5.a3</a>
  chicago: Hainzl, Christian, and Robert Seiringer. “Mass Renormalization and Energy
    Level Shift in Non-Relativistic QED.” <i>Advances in Theoretical and Mathematical
    Physics</i>. International Press, 2002. <a href="https://doi.org/10.4310/ATMP.2002.v6.n5.a3">https://doi.org/10.4310/ATMP.2002.v6.n5.a3</a>.
  ieee: C. Hainzl and R. Seiringer, “Mass renormalization and energy level shift in
    non-relativistic QED,” <i>Advances in Theoretical and Mathematical Physics</i>,
    vol. 6, no. 5. International Press, pp. 847–871, 2002.
  ista: Hainzl C, Seiringer R. 2002. Mass renormalization and energy level shift in
    non-relativistic QED. Advances in Theoretical and Mathematical Physics. 6(5),
    847–871.
  mla: Hainzl, Christian, and Robert Seiringer. “Mass Renormalization and Energy Level
    Shift in Non-Relativistic QED.” <i>Advances in Theoretical and Mathematical Physics</i>,
    vol. 6, no. 5, International Press, 2002, pp. 847–71, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.4310/ATMP.2002.v6.n5.a3">10.4310/ATMP.2002.v6.n5.a3</a>.
  short: C. Hainzl, R. Seiringer, Advances in Theoretical and Mathematical Physics
    6 (2002) 847–871.
date_created: 2018-12-11T11:57:09Z
date_published: 2002-09-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2023-07-26T08:29:28Z
day: '01'
doi: 10.4310/ATMP.2002.v6.n5.a3
extern: '1'
external_id:
  arxiv:
  - math-ph/0205044v3
intvolume: '         6'
issue: '5'
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
  url: http://arxiv.org/abs/math-ph/0205044
month: '09'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
page: 847 - 871
publication: Advances in Theoretical and Mathematical Physics
publication_identifier:
  issn:
  - 1095-0761
publication_status: published
publisher: International Press
publist_id: '4574'
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: Mass renormalization and energy level shift in non-relativistic QED
type: journal_article
user_id: ea97e931-d5af-11eb-85d4-e6957dddbf17
volume: 6
year: '2002'
...
