---
_id: '11119'
article_processing_charge: No
author:
- first_name: J. Robin
  full_name: Harris, J. Robin
  last_name: Harris
- first_name: Geneviève
  full_name: Almouzni, Geneviève
  last_name: Almouzni
- first_name: Doris
  full_name: Kirschner, Doris
  last_name: Kirschner
- first_name: Daniela
  full_name: Dimitrova, Daniela
  last_name: Dimitrova
- first_name: Jeffrey A.
  full_name: Nickerson, Jeffrey A.
  last_name: Nickerson
- first_name: Jean
  full_name: Underwood, Jean
  last_name: Underwood
- first_name: Stefan
  full_name: Wagner, Stefan
  last_name: Wagner
- first_name: Barbara
  full_name: Korbei, Barbara
  last_name: Korbei
- first_name: Roland
  full_name: Foisner, Roland
  last_name: Foisner
- first_name: Tobias C.
  full_name: Walther, Tobias C.
  last_name: Walther
- first_name: Martin W
  full_name: HETZER, Martin W
  id: 86c0d31b-b4eb-11ec-ac5a-eae7b2e135ed
  last_name: HETZER
  orcid: 0000-0002-2111-992X
- first_name: Reiner
  full_name: Peters, Reiner
  last_name: Peters
- first_name: Ivan
  full_name: Walev, Ivan
  last_name: Walev
- first_name: Anton I. P. M.
  full_name: de Kroon, Anton I. P. M.
  last_name: de Kroon
- first_name: Rutger W. H. M.
  full_name: Staffhorst, Rutger W. H. M.
  last_name: Staffhorst
- first_name: Ben
  full_name: de Kruijff, Ben
  last_name: de Kruijff
- first_name: Koert N. J.
  full_name: Burger, Koert N. J.
  last_name: Burger
- first_name: Luis Eduardo Soares
  full_name: Netto, Luis Eduardo Soares
  last_name: Netto
- first_name: Eric
  full_name: Bertrand, Eric
  last_name: Bertrand
- first_name: Judie B.
  full_name: Alimonti, Judie B.
  last_name: Alimonti
- first_name: Arnold H.
  full_name: Greenberg, Arnold H.
  last_name: Greenberg
- first_name: Jinnan
  full_name: Xiao, Jinnan
  last_name: Xiao
- first_name: Anuradha
  full_name: Pradhan, Anuradha
  last_name: Pradhan
- first_name: Yuechueng
  full_name: Liu, Yuechueng
  last_name: Liu
- first_name: Jacques
  full_name: Paiement, Jacques
  last_name: Paiement
- first_name: Robin
  full_name: Young, Robin
  last_name: Young
- first_name: Félix M.
  full_name: Goñi, Félix M.
  last_name: Goñi
- first_name: Ana-Victoria
  full_name: Villar, Ana-Victoria
  last_name: Villar
- first_name: F.-Xabier
  full_name: Contreras, F.-Xabier
  last_name: Contreras
- first_name: Alicia
  full_name: Alonso, Alicia
  last_name: Alonso
- first_name: Brian J.
  full_name: Peter, Brian J.
  last_name: Peter
- first_name: Ian G.
  full_name: Mills, Ian G.
  last_name: Mills
- first_name: Matthew K.
  full_name: Higgins, Matthew K.
  last_name: Higgins
- first_name: William J.
  full_name: Brown, William J.
  last_name: Brown
- first_name: K.
  full_name: Chambers, K.
  last_name: Chambers
- first_name: A.
  full_name: Doody, A.
  last_name: Doody
- first_name: C. Yan
  full_name: Cheng, C. Yan
  last_name: Cheng
- first_name: Dolores D.
  full_name: Mruk, Dolores D.
  last_name: Mruk
- first_name: Chunhong
  full_name: Yang, Chunhong
  last_name: Yang
- first_name: Helmut
  full_name: Kirchhoff, Helmut
  last_name: Kirchhoff
- first_name: Winfried
  full_name: Haase, Winfried
  last_name: Haase
- first_name: Stephanie
  full_name: Boggasch, Stephanie
  last_name: Boggasch
- first_name: Harald
  full_name: Paulsen, Harald
  last_name: Paulsen
- first_name: Julie
  full_name: Benesova, Julie
  last_name: Benesova
- first_name: Sven-T.
  full_name: Liffers, Sven-T.
  last_name: Liffers
- first_name: Matthias
  full_name: Rögner, Matthias
  last_name: Rögner
- first_name: Ya-sheng
  full_name: Gao, Ya-sheng
  last_name: Gao
- first_name: Elizabeth
  full_name: Sztul, Elizabeth
  last_name: Sztul
- first_name: Meinolf
  full_name: Thiemann, Meinolf
  last_name: Thiemann
- first_name: H. Dariush
  full_name: Fahimi, H. Dariush
  last_name: Fahimi
- first_name: Robert
  full_name: Gniadecki, Robert
  last_name: Gniadecki
- first_name: Barbara
  full_name: Gajkowska, Barbara
  last_name: Gajkowska
- first_name: Susan L.
  full_name: Bane, Susan L.
  last_name: Bane
- first_name: John F.
  full_name: Hess, John F.
  last_name: Hess
- first_name: John C.
  full_name: Voss, John C.
  last_name: Voss
- first_name: Paul G.
  full_name: Fitzgerald, Paul G.
  last_name: Fitzgerald
- first_name: Shin-ichi
  full_name: Hisanaga, Shin-ichi
  last_name: Hisanaga
- first_name: Takahiro
  full_name: Sasaki, Takahiro
  last_name: Sasaki
- first_name: Kenji
  full_name: Uéda, Kenji
  last_name: Uéda
- first_name: Terrence
  full_name: Town, Terrence
  last_name: Town
- first_name: Jun
  full_name: Tan, Jun
  last_name: Tan
- first_name: Nathaniel G. N.
  full_name: Milton, Nathaniel G. N.
  last_name: Milton
- first_name: Richard
  full_name: Chi, Richard
  last_name: Chi
- first_name: Thomas C. S.
  full_name: Keller, Thomas C. S.
  last_name: Keller
- first_name: Marina
  full_name: Kriajevska, Marina
  last_name: Kriajevska
- first_name: Igor
  full_name: Bronstein, Igor
  last_name: Bronstein
- first_name: Eugene
  full_name: Lukanidin, Eugene
  last_name: Lukanidin
- first_name: David F.
  full_name: Holmes, David F.
  last_name: Holmes
- first_name: Karl E.
  full_name: Kadler, Karl E.
  last_name: Kadler
citation:
  ama: 'Harris JR, Almouzni G, Kirschner D, et al. In Vitro Techniques. In: Harris
    R, Graham J, Rickwood D, eds. <i>Cell Biology Protocols</i>. Chichester, UK: Wiley;
    2006:201-378. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/0470033487.ch6">10.1002/0470033487.ch6</a>'
  apa: 'Harris, J. R., Almouzni, G., Kirschner, D., Dimitrova, D., Nickerson, J. A.,
    Underwood, J., … Kadler, K. E. (2006). In Vitro Techniques. In R. Harris, J. Graham,
    &#38; D. Rickwood (Eds.), <i>Cell Biology Protocols</i> (pp. 201–378). Chichester,
    UK: Wiley. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/0470033487.ch6">https://doi.org/10.1002/0470033487.ch6</a>'
  chicago: 'Harris, J. Robin, Geneviève Almouzni, Doris Kirschner, Daniela Dimitrova,
    Jeffrey A. Nickerson, Jean Underwood, Stefan Wagner, et al. “In Vitro Techniques.”
    In <i>Cell Biology Protocols</i>, edited by Robin Harris, John Graham, and David
    Rickwood, 201–378. Chichester, UK: Wiley, 2006. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/0470033487.ch6">https://doi.org/10.1002/0470033487.ch6</a>.'
  ieee: 'J. R. Harris <i>et al.</i>, “In Vitro Techniques,” in <i>Cell Biology Protocols</i>,
    R. Harris, J. Graham, and D. Rickwood, Eds. Chichester, UK: Wiley, 2006, pp. 201–378.'
  ista: 'Harris JR, Almouzni G, Kirschner D, Dimitrova D, Nickerson JA, Underwood
    J, Wagner S, Korbei B, Foisner R, Walther TC, Hetzer M, Peters R, Walev I, de
    Kroon AIPM, Staffhorst RWHM, de Kruijff B, Burger KNJ, Netto LES, Bertrand E,
    Alimonti JB, Greenberg AH, Xiao J, Pradhan A, Liu Y, Paiement J, Young R, Goñi
    FM, Villar A-V, Contreras F-X, Alonso A, Peter BJ, Mills IG, Higgins MK, Brown
    WJ, Chambers K, Doody A, Cheng CY, Mruk DD, Yang C, Kirchhoff H, Haase W, Boggasch
    S, Paulsen H, Benesova J, Liffers S-T, Rögner M, Gao Y, Sztul E, Thiemann M, Fahimi
    HD, Gniadecki R, Gajkowska B, Bane SL, Hess JF, Voss JC, Fitzgerald PG, Hisanaga
    S, Sasaki T, Uéda K, Town T, Tan J, Milton NGN, Chi R, Keller TCS, Kriajevska
    M, Bronstein I, Lukanidin E, Holmes DF, Kadler KE. 2006.In Vitro Techniques. In:
    Cell Biology Protocols. , 201–378.'
  mla: Harris, J. Robin, et al. “In Vitro Techniques.” <i>Cell Biology Protocols</i>,
    edited by Robin Harris et al., Wiley, 2006, pp. 201–378, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/0470033487.ch6">10.1002/0470033487.ch6</a>.
  short: J.R. Harris, G. Almouzni, D. Kirschner, D. Dimitrova, J.A. Nickerson, J.
    Underwood, S. Wagner, B. Korbei, R. Foisner, T.C. Walther, M. Hetzer, R. Peters,
    I. Walev, A.I.P.M. de Kroon, R.W.H.M. Staffhorst, B. de Kruijff, K.N.J. Burger,
    L.E.S. Netto, E. Bertrand, J.B. Alimonti, A.H. Greenberg, J. Xiao, A. Pradhan,
    Y. Liu, J. Paiement, R. Young, F.M. Goñi, A.-V. Villar, F.-X. Contreras, A. Alonso,
    B.J. Peter, I.G. Mills, M.K. Higgins, W.J. Brown, K. Chambers, A. Doody, C.Y.
    Cheng, D.D. Mruk, C. Yang, H. Kirchhoff, W. Haase, S. Boggasch, H. Paulsen, J.
    Benesova, S.-T. Liffers, M. Rögner, Y. Gao, E. Sztul, M. Thiemann, H.D. Fahimi,
    R. Gniadecki, B. Gajkowska, S.L. Bane, J.F. Hess, J.C. Voss, P.G. Fitzgerald,
    S. Hisanaga, T. Sasaki, K. Uéda, T. Town, J. Tan, N.G.N. Milton, R. Chi, T.C.S.
    Keller, M. Kriajevska, I. Bronstein, E. Lukanidin, D.F. Holmes, K.E. Kadler, in:,
    R. Harris, J. Graham, D. Rickwood (Eds.), Cell Biology Protocols, Wiley, Chichester,
    UK, 2006, pp. 201–378.
date_created: 2022-04-07T07:56:42Z
date_published: 2006-01-27T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2022-07-18T08:57:08Z
day: '27'
doi: 10.1002/0470033487.ch6
editor:
- first_name: Robin
  full_name: Harris, Robin
  last_name: Harris
- first_name: John
  full_name: Graham, John
  last_name: Graham
- first_name: David
  full_name: Rickwood, David
  last_name: Rickwood
extern: '1'
language:
- iso: eng
month: '01'
oa_version: None
page: 201-378
place: Chichester, UK
publication: Cell Biology Protocols
publication_identifier:
  eisbn:
  - '9780470033487 '
  isbn:
  - '9780470847589 '
publication_status: published
publisher: Wiley
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: In Vitro Techniques
type: book_chapter
user_id: 72615eeb-f1f3-11ec-aa25-d4573ddc34fd
year: '2006'
...
---
_id: '8488'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: We demonstrate for different protein samples that three-dimensional HNCO and
    HNCA correlation spectra may be recorded in a few minutes acquisition time using
    the band-selective excitation short-transient sequences presented here. This opens
    new perspectives for the NMR structural investigation of unstable protein samples
    and real-time site-resolved studies of protein kinetics.
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Paul
  full_name: Schanda, Paul
  id: 7B541462-FAF6-11E9-A490-E8DFE5697425
  last_name: Schanda
  orcid: 0000-0002-9350-7606
- first_name: Hélène
  full_name: Van Melckebeke, Hélène
  last_name: Van Melckebeke
- first_name: Bernhard
  full_name: Brutscher, Bernhard
  last_name: Brutscher
citation:
  ama: Schanda P, Van Melckebeke H, Brutscher B. Speeding up three-dimensional protein
    NMR experiments to a few minutes. <i>Journal of the American Chemical Society</i>.
    2006;128(28):9042-9043. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1021/ja062025p">10.1021/ja062025p</a>
  apa: Schanda, P., Van Melckebeke, H., &#38; Brutscher, B. (2006). Speeding up three-dimensional
    protein NMR experiments to a few minutes. <i>Journal of the American Chemical
    Society</i>. American Chemical Society. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1021/ja062025p">https://doi.org/10.1021/ja062025p</a>
  chicago: Schanda, Paul, Hélène Van Melckebeke, and Bernhard Brutscher. “Speeding
    up Three-Dimensional Protein NMR Experiments to a Few Minutes.” <i>Journal of
    the American Chemical Society</i>. American Chemical Society, 2006. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1021/ja062025p">https://doi.org/10.1021/ja062025p</a>.
  ieee: P. Schanda, H. Van Melckebeke, and B. Brutscher, “Speeding up three-dimensional
    protein NMR experiments to a few minutes,” <i>Journal of the American Chemical
    Society</i>, vol. 128, no. 28. American Chemical Society, pp. 9042–9043, 2006.
  ista: Schanda P, Van Melckebeke H, Brutscher B. 2006. Speeding up three-dimensional
    protein NMR experiments to a few minutes. Journal of the American Chemical Society.
    128(28), 9042–9043.
  mla: Schanda, Paul, et al. “Speeding up Three-Dimensional Protein NMR Experiments
    to a Few Minutes.” <i>Journal of the American Chemical Society</i>, vol. 128,
    no. 28, American Chemical Society, 2006, pp. 9042–43, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1021/ja062025p">10.1021/ja062025p</a>.
  short: P. Schanda, H. Van Melckebeke, B. Brutscher, Journal of the American Chemical
    Society 128 (2006) 9042–9043.
date_created: 2020-09-18T10:13:36Z
date_published: 2006-06-21T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2021-01-12T08:19:37Z
day: '21'
doi: 10.1021/ja062025p
extern: '1'
intvolume: '       128'
issue: '28'
keyword:
- Colloid and Surface Chemistry
- Biochemistry
- General Chemistry
- Catalysis
language:
- iso: eng
month: '06'
oa_version: None
page: 9042-9043
publication: Journal of the American Chemical Society
publication_identifier:
  issn:
  - 0002-7863
  - 1520-5126
publication_status: published
publisher: American Chemical Society
quality_controlled: '1'
status: public
title: Speeding up three-dimensional protein NMR experiments to a few minutes
type: journal_article
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 128
year: '2006'
...
---
_id: '8489'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: Structure elucidation of proteins by either NMR or X‐ray crystallography often
    requires the screening of a large number of samples for promising protein constructs
    and optimum solution conditions. For large‐scale screening of protein samples
    in solution, robust methods are needed that allow a rapid assessment of the folding
    of a polypeptide under diverse sample conditions. Here we present HET‐SOFAST NMR,
    a highly sensitive new method for semi‐quantitative characterization of the structural
    compactness and heterogeneity of polypeptide chains in solution. On the basis
    of one‐dimensional 1H HET‐SOFAST NMR data, obtained on well‐folded, molten globular,
    partially‐ and completely unfolded proteins, we define empirical thresholds that
    can be used as quantitative benchmarks for protein compactness. For 15N‐enriched
    protein samples, two‐dimensional 1H‐15N HET‐SOFAST correlation spectra provide
    site‐specific information about the structural heterogeneity along the polypeptide
    chain.
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Paul
  full_name: Schanda, Paul
  id: 7B541462-FAF6-11E9-A490-E8DFE5697425
  last_name: Schanda
  orcid: 0000-0002-9350-7606
- first_name: Vincent
  full_name: Forge, Vincent
  last_name: Forge
- first_name: Bernhard
  full_name: Brutscher, Bernhard
  last_name: Brutscher
citation:
  ama: Schanda P, Forge V, Brutscher B. HET-SOFAST NMR for fast detection of structural
    compactness and heterogeneity along polypeptide chains. <i>Magnetic Resonance
    in Chemistry</i>. 2006;44(S1):S177-S184. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/mrc.1825">10.1002/mrc.1825</a>
  apa: Schanda, P., Forge, V., &#38; Brutscher, B. (2006). HET-SOFAST NMR for fast
    detection of structural compactness and heterogeneity along polypeptide chains.
    <i>Magnetic Resonance in Chemistry</i>. Wiley. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/mrc.1825">https://doi.org/10.1002/mrc.1825</a>
  chicago: Schanda, Paul, Vincent Forge, and Bernhard Brutscher. “HET-SOFAST NMR for
    Fast Detection of Structural Compactness and Heterogeneity along Polypeptide Chains.”
    <i>Magnetic Resonance in Chemistry</i>. Wiley, 2006. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/mrc.1825">https://doi.org/10.1002/mrc.1825</a>.
  ieee: P. Schanda, V. Forge, and B. Brutscher, “HET-SOFAST NMR for fast detection
    of structural compactness and heterogeneity along polypeptide chains,” <i>Magnetic
    Resonance in Chemistry</i>, vol. 44, no. S1. Wiley, pp. S177–S184, 2006.
  ista: Schanda P, Forge V, Brutscher B. 2006. HET-SOFAST NMR for fast detection of
    structural compactness and heterogeneity along polypeptide chains. Magnetic Resonance
    in Chemistry. 44(S1), S177–S184.
  mla: Schanda, Paul, et al. “HET-SOFAST NMR for Fast Detection of Structural Compactness
    and Heterogeneity along Polypeptide Chains.” <i>Magnetic Resonance in Chemistry</i>,
    vol. 44, no. S1, Wiley, 2006, pp. S177–84, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/mrc.1825">10.1002/mrc.1825</a>.
  short: P. Schanda, V. Forge, B. Brutscher, Magnetic Resonance in Chemistry 44 (2006)
    S177–S184.
date_created: 2020-09-18T10:13:42Z
date_published: 2006-07-06T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2021-01-12T08:19:37Z
day: '06'
doi: 10.1002/mrc.1825
extern: '1'
intvolume: '        44'
issue: S1
language:
- iso: eng
month: '07'
oa_version: None
page: S177-S184
publication: Magnetic Resonance in Chemistry
publication_identifier:
  issn:
  - 0749-1581
  - 1097-458X
publication_status: published
publisher: Wiley
quality_controlled: '1'
status: public
title: HET-SOFAST NMR for fast detection of structural compactness and heterogeneity
  along polypeptide chains
type: journal_article
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 44
year: '2006'
...
---
_id: '8490'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: We demonstrate the feasibility of recording 1H–15N correlation spectra of
    proteins in only one second of acquisition time. The experiment combines recently
    proposed SOFAST-HMQC with Hadamard-type 15N frequency encoding. This allows site-resolved
    real-time NMR studies of kinetic processes in proteins with an increased time
    resolution. The sensitivity of the experiment is sufficient to be applicable to
    a wide range of molecular systems available at millimolar concentration on a high
    magnetic field spectrometer.
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Paul
  full_name: Schanda, Paul
  id: 7B541462-FAF6-11E9-A490-E8DFE5697425
  last_name: Schanda
  orcid: 0000-0002-9350-7606
- first_name: Bernhard
  full_name: Brutscher, Bernhard
  last_name: Brutscher
citation:
  ama: Schanda P, Brutscher B. Hadamard frequency-encoded SOFAST-HMQC for ultrafast
    two-dimensional protein NMR. <i>Journal of Magnetic Resonance</i>. 2006;178(2):334-339.
    doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmr.2005.10.007">10.1016/j.jmr.2005.10.007</a>
  apa: Schanda, P., &#38; Brutscher, B. (2006). Hadamard frequency-encoded SOFAST-HMQC
    for ultrafast two-dimensional protein NMR. <i>Journal of Magnetic Resonance</i>.
    Elsevier. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmr.2005.10.007">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmr.2005.10.007</a>
  chicago: Schanda, Paul, and Bernhard Brutscher. “Hadamard Frequency-Encoded SOFAST-HMQC
    for Ultrafast Two-Dimensional Protein NMR.” <i>Journal of Magnetic Resonance</i>.
    Elsevier, 2006. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmr.2005.10.007">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmr.2005.10.007</a>.
  ieee: P. Schanda and B. Brutscher, “Hadamard frequency-encoded SOFAST-HMQC for ultrafast
    two-dimensional protein NMR,” <i>Journal of Magnetic Resonance</i>, vol. 178,
    no. 2. Elsevier, pp. 334–339, 2006.
  ista: Schanda P, Brutscher B. 2006. Hadamard frequency-encoded SOFAST-HMQC for ultrafast
    two-dimensional protein NMR. Journal of Magnetic Resonance. 178(2), 334–339.
  mla: Schanda, Paul, and Bernhard Brutscher. “Hadamard Frequency-Encoded SOFAST-HMQC
    for Ultrafast Two-Dimensional Protein NMR.” <i>Journal of Magnetic Resonance</i>,
    vol. 178, no. 2, Elsevier, 2006, pp. 334–39, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmr.2005.10.007">10.1016/j.jmr.2005.10.007</a>.
  short: P. Schanda, B. Brutscher, Journal of Magnetic Resonance 178 (2006) 334–339.
date_created: 2020-09-18T10:13:51Z
date_published: 2006-02-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2021-01-12T08:19:38Z
day: '01'
doi: 10.1016/j.jmr.2005.10.007
extern: '1'
intvolume: '       178'
issue: '2'
keyword:
- Nuclear and High Energy Physics
- Biophysics
- Biochemistry
- Condensed Matter Physics
language:
- iso: eng
month: '02'
oa_version: None
page: 334-339
publication: Journal of Magnetic Resonance
publication_identifier:
  issn:
  - 1090-7807
publication_status: published
publisher: Elsevier
status: public
title: Hadamard frequency-encoded SOFAST-HMQC for ultrafast two-dimensional protein
  NMR
type: journal_article
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 178
year: '2006'
...
---
_id: '8513'
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Vadim
  full_name: Kaloshin, Vadim
  id: FE553552-CDE8-11E9-B324-C0EBE5697425
  last_name: Kaloshin
  orcid: 0000-0002-6051-2628
- first_name: Maria
  full_name: Saprykina, Maria
  last_name: Saprykina
citation:
  ama: Kaloshin V, Saprykina M. Generic 3-dimensional volume-preserving diffeomorphisms
    with superexponential growth of number of periodic orbits. <i>Discrete &#38; Continuous
    Dynamical Systems - A</i>. 2006;15(2):611-640. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.3934/dcds.2006.15.611">10.3934/dcds.2006.15.611</a>
  apa: Kaloshin, V., &#38; Saprykina, M. (2006). Generic 3-dimensional volume-preserving
    diffeomorphisms with superexponential growth of number of periodic orbits. <i>Discrete
    &#38; Continuous Dynamical Systems - A</i>. American Institute of Mathematical
    Sciences (AIMS). <a href="https://doi.org/10.3934/dcds.2006.15.611">https://doi.org/10.3934/dcds.2006.15.611</a>
  chicago: Kaloshin, Vadim, and Maria Saprykina. “Generic 3-Dimensional Volume-Preserving
    Diffeomorphisms with Superexponential Growth of Number of Periodic Orbits.” <i>Discrete
    &#38; Continuous Dynamical Systems - A</i>. American Institute of Mathematical
    Sciences (AIMS), 2006. <a href="https://doi.org/10.3934/dcds.2006.15.611">https://doi.org/10.3934/dcds.2006.15.611</a>.
  ieee: V. Kaloshin and M. Saprykina, “Generic 3-dimensional volume-preserving diffeomorphisms
    with superexponential growth of number of periodic orbits,” <i>Discrete &#38;
    Continuous Dynamical Systems - A</i>, vol. 15, no. 2. American Institute of Mathematical
    Sciences (AIMS), pp. 611–640, 2006.
  ista: Kaloshin V, Saprykina M. 2006. Generic 3-dimensional volume-preserving diffeomorphisms
    with superexponential growth of number of periodic orbits. Discrete &#38; Continuous
    Dynamical Systems - A. 15(2), 611–640.
  mla: Kaloshin, Vadim, and Maria Saprykina. “Generic 3-Dimensional Volume-Preserving
    Diffeomorphisms with Superexponential Growth of Number of Periodic Orbits.” <i>Discrete
    &#38; Continuous Dynamical Systems - A</i>, vol. 15, no. 2, American Institute
    of Mathematical Sciences (AIMS), 2006, pp. 611–40, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.3934/dcds.2006.15.611">10.3934/dcds.2006.15.611</a>.
  short: V. Kaloshin, M. Saprykina, Discrete &#38; Continuous Dynamical Systems -
    A 15 (2006) 611–640.
date_created: 2020-09-18T10:48:43Z
date_published: 2006-05-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2021-01-12T08:19:48Z
day: '01'
doi: 10.3934/dcds.2006.15.611
extern: '1'
intvolume: '        15'
issue: '2'
language:
- iso: eng
month: '05'
oa_version: None
page: 611-640
publication: Discrete & Continuous Dynamical Systems - A
publication_identifier:
  issn:
  - 1553-5231
publication_status: published
publisher: American Institute of Mathematical Sciences (AIMS)
quality_controlled: '1'
status: public
title: Generic 3-dimensional volume-preserving diffeomorphisms with superexponential
  growth of number of periodic orbits
type: journal_article
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 15
year: '2006'
...
---
_id: '8514'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: We study the extent to which the Hausdorff dimension of a compact subset of
    an infinite-dimensional Banach space is affected by a typical mapping into a finite-dimensional
    space. It is possible that the dimension drops under all such mappings, but the
    amount by which it typically drops is controlled by the ‘thickness exponent’ of
    the set, which was defined by Hunt and Kaloshin (Nonlinearity12 (1999), 1263–1275).
    More precisely, let $X$ be a compact subset of a Banach space $B$ with thickness
    exponent $\tau$ and Hausdorff dimension $d$. Let $M$ be any subspace of the (locally)
    Lipschitz functions from $B$ to $\mathbb{R}^{m}$ that contains the space of bounded
    linear functions. We prove that for almost every (in the sense of prevalence)
    function $f \in M$, the Hausdorff dimension of $f(X)$ is at least $\min\{ m, d
    / (1 + \tau) \}$. We also prove an analogous result for a certain part of the
    dimension spectra of Borel probability measures supported on $X$. The factor $1
    / (1 + \tau)$ can be improved to $1 / (1 + \tau / 2)$ if $B$ is a Hilbert space.
    Since dimension cannot increase under a (locally) Lipschitz function, these theorems
    become dimension preservation results when $\tau = 0$. We conjecture that many
    of the attractors associated with the evolution equations of mathematical physics
    have thickness exponent zero. We also discuss the sharpness of our results in
    the case $\tau > 0$.
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: WILLIAM
  full_name: OTT, WILLIAM
  last_name: OTT
- first_name: BRIAN
  full_name: HUNT, BRIAN
  last_name: HUNT
- first_name: Vadim
  full_name: Kaloshin, Vadim
  id: FE553552-CDE8-11E9-B324-C0EBE5697425
  last_name: Kaloshin
  orcid: 0000-0002-6051-2628
citation:
  ama: OTT W, HUNT B, Kaloshin V. The effect of projections on fractal sets and measures
    in Banach spaces. <i>Ergodic Theory and Dynamical Systems</i>. 2006;26(3):869-891.
    doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1017/s0143385705000714">10.1017/s0143385705000714</a>
  apa: OTT, W., HUNT, B., &#38; Kaloshin, V. (2006). The effect of projections on
    fractal sets and measures in Banach spaces. <i>Ergodic Theory and Dynamical Systems</i>.
    Cambridge University Press. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1017/s0143385705000714">https://doi.org/10.1017/s0143385705000714</a>
  chicago: OTT, WILLIAM, BRIAN HUNT, and Vadim Kaloshin. “The Effect of Projections
    on Fractal Sets and Measures in Banach Spaces.” <i>Ergodic Theory and Dynamical
    Systems</i>. Cambridge University Press, 2006. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1017/s0143385705000714">https://doi.org/10.1017/s0143385705000714</a>.
  ieee: W. OTT, B. HUNT, and V. Kaloshin, “The effect of projections on fractal sets
    and measures in Banach spaces,” <i>Ergodic Theory and Dynamical Systems</i>, vol.
    26, no. 3. Cambridge University Press, pp. 869–891, 2006.
  ista: OTT W, HUNT B, Kaloshin V. 2006. The effect of projections on fractal sets
    and measures in Banach spaces. Ergodic Theory and Dynamical Systems. 26(3), 869–891.
  mla: OTT, WILLIAM, et al. “The Effect of Projections on Fractal Sets and Measures
    in Banach Spaces.” <i>Ergodic Theory and Dynamical Systems</i>, vol. 26, no. 3,
    Cambridge University Press, 2006, pp. 869–91, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1017/s0143385705000714">10.1017/s0143385705000714</a>.
  short: W. OTT, B. HUNT, V. Kaloshin, Ergodic Theory and Dynamical Systems 26 (2006)
    869–891.
date_created: 2020-09-18T10:48:52Z
date_published: 2006-06-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2021-01-12T08:19:48Z
day: '01'
doi: 10.1017/s0143385705000714
extern: '1'
intvolume: '        26'
issue: '3'
language:
- iso: eng
month: '06'
oa_version: None
page: 869-891
publication: Ergodic Theory and Dynamical Systems
publication_identifier:
  issn:
  - 0143-3857
  - 1469-4417
publication_status: published
publisher: Cambridge University Press
quality_controlled: '1'
status: public
title: The effect of projections on fractal sets and measures in Banach spaces
type: journal_article
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 26
year: '2006'
...
---
_id: '8515'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: "We consider the evolution of a set carried by a space periodic incompressible
    stochastic flow in a Euclidean space. We\r\nreport on three main results obtained
    in [8, 9, 10] concerning long time behaviour for a typical realization of the
    stochastic flow. First, at time t most of the particles are at a distance of order
    √t away from the origin. Moreover, we prove a Central Limit Theorem for the evolution
    of a measure carried by the flow, which holds for almost every realization of
    the flow. Second, we show the existence of a zero measure full Hausdorff dimension
    set of points, which\r\nescape to infinity at a linear rate. Third, in the 2-dimensional
    case, we study the set of points visited by the original set by time t. Such a
    set, when scaled down by the factor of t, has a limiting non random shape."
article_processing_charge: No
author:
- first_name: Vadim
  full_name: Kaloshin, Vadim
  id: FE553552-CDE8-11E9-B324-C0EBE5697425
  last_name: Kaloshin
  orcid: 0000-0002-6051-2628
- first_name: D.
  full_name: DOLGOPYAT, D.
  last_name: DOLGOPYAT
- first_name: L.
  full_name: KORALOV, L.
  last_name: KORALOV
citation:
  ama: 'Kaloshin V, DOLGOPYAT D, KORALOV L. Long time behaviour of periodic stochastic
    flows. In: <i>XIVth International Congress on Mathematical Physics</i>. World
    Scientific; 2006:290-295. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1142/9789812704016_0026">10.1142/9789812704016_0026</a>'
  apa: 'Kaloshin, V., DOLGOPYAT, D., &#38; KORALOV, L. (2006). Long time behaviour
    of periodic stochastic flows. In <i>XIVth International Congress on Mathematical
    Physics</i> (pp. 290–295). Lisbon, Portugal: World Scientific. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1142/9789812704016_0026">https://doi.org/10.1142/9789812704016_0026</a>'
  chicago: Kaloshin, Vadim, D. DOLGOPYAT, and L. KORALOV. “Long Time Behaviour of
    Periodic Stochastic Flows.” In <i>XIVth International Congress on Mathematical
    Physics</i>, 290–95. World Scientific, 2006. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1142/9789812704016_0026">https://doi.org/10.1142/9789812704016_0026</a>.
  ieee: V. Kaloshin, D. DOLGOPYAT, and L. KORALOV, “Long time behaviour of periodic
    stochastic flows,” in <i>XIVth International Congress on Mathematical Physics</i>,
    Lisbon, Portugal, 2006, pp. 290–295.
  ista: Kaloshin V, DOLGOPYAT D, KORALOV L. 2006. Long time behaviour of periodic
    stochastic flows. XIVth International Congress on Mathematical Physics. International
    Congress on Mathematical Physics, 290–295.
  mla: Kaloshin, Vadim, et al. “Long Time Behaviour of Periodic Stochastic Flows.”
    <i>XIVth International Congress on Mathematical Physics</i>, World Scientific,
    2006, pp. 290–95, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1142/9789812704016_0026">10.1142/9789812704016_0026</a>.
  short: V. Kaloshin, D. DOLGOPYAT, L. KORALOV, in:, XIVth International Congress
    on Mathematical Physics, World Scientific, 2006, pp. 290–295.
conference:
  end_date: 2003-08-02
  location: Lisbon, Portugal
  name: International Congress on Mathematical Physics
  start_date: 2003-07-28
date_created: 2020-09-18T10:48:59Z
date_published: 2006-03-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2021-01-12T08:19:49Z
day: '01'
doi: 10.1142/9789812704016_0026
extern: '1'
language:
- iso: eng
month: '03'
oa_version: None
page: 290-295
publication: XIVth International Congress on Mathematical Physics
publication_identifier:
  isbn:
  - '9789812562012'
  - '9789812704016'
publication_status: published
publisher: World Scientific
quality_controlled: '1'
status: public
title: Long time behaviour of periodic stochastic flows
type: conference
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
year: '2006'
...
---
_id: '854'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: Phylogenetic relationships between the extinct woolly mammoth (Mammuthus primigenius),
    and the Asian (Elephas maximus) and African savanna (Loxodonta africana) elephants
    remain unresolved. Here, we report the sequence of the complete mitochondrial
    genome (16,842 base pairs) of a woolly mammoth extracted from permafrost-preserved
    remains from the Pleistocene epoch - the oldest mitochondrial genome sequence
    determined to date. We demonstrate that well-preserved mitochondrial genome fragments,
    as long as ∼1,600-1700 base pairs, can be retrieved from pre-Holocene remains
    of an extinct species. Phylogenetic reconstruction of the Elephantinae clade suggests
    that M. primigenius and E. maximus are sister species that diverged soon after
    their common ancestor split from the L. africana lineage. Low nucleotide diversity
    found between independently determined mitochondrial genomic sequences of woolly
    mammoths separated geographically and in time suggests that north-eastern Siberia
    was occupied by a relatively homogeneous population of M. primigenius throughout
    the late Pleistocene.
acknowledgement: |-
  FAK is supported by the NSF Graduate Research Fellowship.
  We thank the Natural History Museum, North-Eastern Research Center, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences for photographic material ofM. primigenius leg, V. A. Nikishina for artwork and technical support, Y.B. Yurov, G. Dvoryanchikov, N. Riazanskaya and T. Kolesnikova for technical support, K. Mehren and C. Gray for elephant specimens, and V. Y. Solovyev for help with artwork of animal images.
author:
- first_name: Evgeny
  full_name: Rogaev, Evgeny I
  last_name: Rogaev
- first_name: Yuri
  full_name: Moliaka, Yuri K
  last_name: Moliaka
- first_name: Boris
  full_name: Malyarchuk, Boris A
  last_name: Malyarchuk
- first_name: Fyodor
  full_name: Fyodor Kondrashov
  id: 44FDEF62-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Kondrashov
  orcid: 0000-0001-8243-4694
- first_name: Miroslava
  full_name: Derenko, Miroslava V
  last_name: Derenko
- first_name: Ilya
  full_name: Chumakov, Ilya M
  last_name: Chumakov
- first_name: Anastasia
  full_name: Grigorenko, Anastasia P
  last_name: Grigorenko
citation:
  ama: Rogaev E, Moliaka Y, Malyarchuk B, et al. Complete mitochondrial genome and
    phylogeny of pleistocene mammoth Mammuthus primigenius. <i>PLoS Biology</i>. 2006;4(3):0403-0410.
    doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.0040073">10.1371/journal.pbio.0040073</a>
  apa: Rogaev, E., Moliaka, Y., Malyarchuk, B., Kondrashov, F., Derenko, M., Chumakov,
    I., &#38; Grigorenko, A. (2006). Complete mitochondrial genome and phylogeny of
    pleistocene mammoth Mammuthus primigenius. <i>PLoS Biology</i>. Public Library
    of Science. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.0040073">https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.0040073</a>
  chicago: Rogaev, Evgeny, Yuri Moliaka, Boris Malyarchuk, Fyodor Kondrashov, Miroslava
    Derenko, Ilya Chumakov, and Anastasia Grigorenko. “Complete Mitochondrial Genome
    and Phylogeny of Pleistocene Mammoth Mammuthus Primigenius.” <i>PLoS Biology</i>.
    Public Library of Science, 2006. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.0040073">https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.0040073</a>.
  ieee: E. Rogaev <i>et al.</i>, “Complete mitochondrial genome and phylogeny of pleistocene
    mammoth Mammuthus primigenius,” <i>PLoS Biology</i>, vol. 4, no. 3. Public Library
    of Science, pp. 0403–0410, 2006.
  ista: Rogaev E, Moliaka Y, Malyarchuk B, Kondrashov F, Derenko M, Chumakov I, Grigorenko
    A. 2006. Complete mitochondrial genome and phylogeny of pleistocene mammoth Mammuthus
    primigenius. PLoS Biology. 4(3), 0403–0410.
  mla: Rogaev, Evgeny, et al. “Complete Mitochondrial Genome and Phylogeny of Pleistocene
    Mammoth Mammuthus Primigenius.” <i>PLoS Biology</i>, vol. 4, no. 3, Public Library
    of Science, 2006, pp. 0403–10, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.0040073">10.1371/journal.pbio.0040073</a>.
  short: E. Rogaev, Y. Moliaka, B. Malyarchuk, F. Kondrashov, M. Derenko, I. Chumakov,
    A. Grigorenko, PLoS Biology 4 (2006) 0403–0410.
date_created: 2018-12-11T11:48:51Z
date_published: 2006-03-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2021-01-12T08:19:58Z
day: '01'
doi: 10.1371/journal.pbio.0040073
extern: 1
intvolume: '         4'
issue: '3'
month: '03'
page: 0403 - 0410
publication: PLoS Biology
publication_status: published
publisher: Public Library of Science
publist_id: '6794'
quality_controlled: 0
status: public
title: Complete mitochondrial genome and phylogeny of pleistocene mammoth Mammuthus
  primigenius
type: journal_article
volume: 4
year: '2006'
...
---
_id: '868'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: 'Background: The glyoxylate cycle is thought to be present in bacteria, protists,
    plants, fungi, and nematodes, but not in other Metazoa. However, activity of the
    glyoxylate cycle enzymes, malate synthase (MS) and isocitrate lyase (ICL), in
    animal tissues has been reported. In order to clarify the status of the MS and
    ICL genes in animals and get an insight into their evolution, we undertook a comparative-genomic
    study. Results: Using sequence similarity searches, we identified MS genes in
    arthropods, echinoderms, and vertebrates, including platypus and opossum, but
    not in the numerous sequenced genomes of placental mammals. The regions of the
    placental mammals'' genomes expected to code for malate synthase, as determined
    by comparison of the gene orders in vertebrate genomes, show clear similarity
    to the opossum MS sequence but contain stop codons, indicating that the MS gene
    became a pseudogene in placental mammals. By contrast, the ICL gene is undetectable
    in animals other than the nematodes that possess a bifunctional, fused ICL-MS
    gene. Examination of phylogenetic trees of MS and ICL suggests multiple horizontal
    gene transfer events that probably went in both directions between several bacterial
    and eukaryotic lineages. The strongest evidence was obtained for the acquisition
    of the bifunctional ICL-MS gene from an as yet unknown bacterial source with the
    corresponding operonic organization by the common ancestor of the nematodes. Conclusion:
    The distribution of the MS and ICL genes in animals suggests that either they
    encode alternative enzymes of the glyoxylate cycle that are not orthologous to
    the known MS and ICL or the animal MS acquired a new function that remains to
    be characterized. Regardless of the ultimate solution to this conundrum, the genes
    for the glyoxylate cycle enzymes present a remarkable variety of evolutionary
    events including unusual horizontal gene transfer from bacteria to animals.'
acknowledgement: The authors thank Alexey Kondrashov for suggesting the possibility
  of non- orthologous gene displacement in glyoxylate cycle specific enzymes and for
  critical reading of this manuscript. FAK is a National Science Foundation Graduate
  Fellow.
author:
- first_name: Fyodor
  full_name: Fyodor Kondrashov
  id: 44FDEF62-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Kondrashov
  orcid: 0000-0001-8243-4694
- first_name: Eugene
  full_name: Koonin, Eugene V
  last_name: Koonin
- first_name: Igor
  full_name: Morgunov, Igor G
  last_name: Morgunov
- first_name: Tatiana
  full_name: Finogenova, Tatiana V
  last_name: Finogenova
- first_name: Marie
  full_name: Kondrashova, Marie N
  last_name: Kondrashova
citation:
  ama: Kondrashov F, Koonin E, Morgunov I, Finogenova T, Kondrashova M. Evolution
    of glyoxylate cycle enzymes in Metazoa Evidence of multiple horizontal transfer
    events and pseudogene formation. <i>Biology Direct</i>. 2006;1. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1186/1745-6150-1-31">10.1186/1745-6150-1-31</a>
  apa: Kondrashov, F., Koonin, E., Morgunov, I., Finogenova, T., &#38; Kondrashova,
    M. (2006). Evolution of glyoxylate cycle enzymes in Metazoa Evidence of multiple
    horizontal transfer events and pseudogene formation. <i>Biology Direct</i>. BioMed
    Central. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1186/1745-6150-1-31">https://doi.org/10.1186/1745-6150-1-31</a>
  chicago: Kondrashov, Fyodor, Eugene Koonin, Igor Morgunov, Tatiana Finogenova, and
    Marie Kondrashova. “Evolution of Glyoxylate Cycle Enzymes in Metazoa Evidence
    of Multiple Horizontal Transfer Events and Pseudogene Formation.” <i>Biology Direct</i>.
    BioMed Central, 2006. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1186/1745-6150-1-31">https://doi.org/10.1186/1745-6150-1-31</a>.
  ieee: F. Kondrashov, E. Koonin, I. Morgunov, T. Finogenova, and M. Kondrashova,
    “Evolution of glyoxylate cycle enzymes in Metazoa Evidence of multiple horizontal
    transfer events and pseudogene formation,” <i>Biology Direct</i>, vol. 1. BioMed
    Central, 2006.
  ista: Kondrashov F, Koonin E, Morgunov I, Finogenova T, Kondrashova M. 2006. Evolution
    of glyoxylate cycle enzymes in Metazoa Evidence of multiple horizontal transfer
    events and pseudogene formation. Biology Direct. 1.
  mla: Kondrashov, Fyodor, et al. “Evolution of Glyoxylate Cycle Enzymes in Metazoa
    Evidence of Multiple Horizontal Transfer Events and Pseudogene Formation.” <i>Biology
    Direct</i>, vol. 1, BioMed Central, 2006, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1186/1745-6150-1-31">10.1186/1745-6150-1-31</a>.
  short: F. Kondrashov, E. Koonin, I. Morgunov, T. Finogenova, M. Kondrashova, Biology
    Direct 1 (2006).
date_created: 2018-12-11T11:48:56Z
date_published: 2006-10-23T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2021-01-12T08:20:31Z
day: '23'
doi: 10.1186/1745-6150-1-31
extern: 1
intvolume: '         1'
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
month: '10'
publication: Biology Direct
publication_status: published
publisher: BioMed Central
publist_id: '6778'
quality_controlled: 0
status: public
title: Evolution of glyoxylate cycle enzymes in Metazoa Evidence of multiple horizontal
  transfer events and pseudogene formation
tmp:
  image: /images/cc_by.png
  legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode
  name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)
  short: CC BY (4.0)
type: journal_article
volume: 1
year: '2006'
...
---
_id: '869'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: The impact of synonymous nucleotide substitutions on fitness in mammals remains
    controversial. Despite some indications of selective constraint, synonymous sites
    are often assumed to be neutral, and the rate of their evolution is used as a
    proxy for mutation rate. We subdivide all sites into four classes in terms of
    the mutable CpG context, nonCpG, postC, preG, and postCpreG, and compare four-fold
    synonymous sites and intron sites residing outside transposable elements. The
    distribution of the rate of evolution across all synonymous sites is trimodal.
    Rate of evolution at nonCpG synonymous sites, not preceded by C and not followed
    by G, is ∼10% below that at such intron sites. In contrast, rate of evolution
    at postCpreG synonymous sites is ∼30% above that at such intron sites. Finally,
    synonymous and intron postC and preG sites evolve at similar rates. The relationship
    between the levels of polymorphism at the corresponding synonymous and intron
    sites is very similar to that between their rates of evolution. Within every class,
    synonymous sites are occupied by G or C much more often than intron sites, whose
    nucleotide composition is consistent with neutral mutation-drift equilibrium.
    These patterns suggest that synonymous sites are under weak selection in favor
    of G and C, with the average coefficient s∼0.25/Ne∼10-5, where Ne is the effective
    population size. Such selection decelerates evolution and reduces variability
    at sites with symmetric mutation, but has the opposite effects at sites where
    the favored nucleotides are more mutable. The amino-acid composition of proteins
    dictates that many synonymous sites are CpGprone, which causes them, on average,
    to evolve faster and to be more polymorphic than intron sites. An average genotype
    carries ∼107 suboptimal nucleotides at synonymous sites, implying synergistic
    epistasis in selection against them.
acknowledgement: This research was supported in part by the Intramural Research Program
  of the NIH, National Library of Medicine.
author:
- first_name: Fyodor
  full_name: Fyodor Kondrashov
  id: 44FDEF62-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Kondrashov
  orcid: 0000-0001-8243-4694
- first_name: Aleksey
  full_name: Ogurtsov, Aleksey Yu
  last_name: Ogurtsov
- first_name: Alexey
  full_name: Kondrashov, Alexey S
  last_name: Kondrashov
citation:
  ama: Kondrashov F, Ogurtsov A, Kondrashov A. Selection in favor of nucleotides G
    and C diversifies evolution rates and levels of polymorphism at mammalian synonymous
    sites. <i>Journal of Theoretical Biology</i>. 2006;240(4):616-626. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtbi.2005.10.020">10.1016/j.jtbi.2005.10.020</a>
  apa: Kondrashov, F., Ogurtsov, A., &#38; Kondrashov, A. (2006). Selection in favor
    of nucleotides G and C diversifies evolution rates and levels of polymorphism
    at mammalian synonymous sites. <i>Journal of Theoretical Biology</i>. Elsevier.
    <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtbi.2005.10.020">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtbi.2005.10.020</a>
  chicago: Kondrashov, Fyodor, Aleksey Ogurtsov, and Alexey Kondrashov. “Selection
    in Favor of Nucleotides G and C Diversifies Evolution Rates and Levels of Polymorphism
    at Mammalian Synonymous Sites.” <i>Journal of Theoretical Biology</i>. Elsevier,
    2006. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtbi.2005.10.020">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtbi.2005.10.020</a>.
  ieee: F. Kondrashov, A. Ogurtsov, and A. Kondrashov, “Selection in favor of nucleotides
    G and C diversifies evolution rates and levels of polymorphism at mammalian synonymous
    sites,” <i>Journal of Theoretical Biology</i>, vol. 240, no. 4. Elsevier, pp.
    616–626, 2006.
  ista: Kondrashov F, Ogurtsov A, Kondrashov A. 2006. Selection in favor of nucleotides
    G and C diversifies evolution rates and levels of polymorphism at mammalian synonymous
    sites. Journal of Theoretical Biology. 240(4), 616–626.
  mla: Kondrashov, Fyodor, et al. “Selection in Favor of Nucleotides G and C Diversifies
    Evolution Rates and Levels of Polymorphism at Mammalian Synonymous Sites.” <i>Journal
    of Theoretical Biology</i>, vol. 240, no. 4, Elsevier, 2006, pp. 616–26, doi:<a
    href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtbi.2005.10.020">10.1016/j.jtbi.2005.10.020</a>.
  short: F. Kondrashov, A. Ogurtsov, A. Kondrashov, Journal of Theoretical Biology
    240 (2006) 616–626.
date_created: 2018-12-11T11:48:56Z
date_published: 2006-06-21T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2021-01-12T08:20:33Z
day: '21'
doi: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2005.10.020
extern: 1
intvolume: '       240'
issue: '4'
month: '06'
page: 616 - 626
publication: Journal of Theoretical Biology
publication_status: published
publisher: Elsevier
publist_id: '6779'
quality_controlled: 0
status: public
title: Selection in favor of nucleotides G and C diversifies evolution rates and levels
  of polymorphism at mammalian synonymous sites
type: journal_article
volume: 240
year: '2006'
...
---
_id: '873'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: New genes commonly appear through complete or partial duplications of pre-existing
    genes. Duplications of long DNA segments are constantly produced by rare mutations,
    may become fixed in a population by selection or random drift, and are subject
    to divergent evolution of the paralogous sequences after fixation, although gene
    conversion can impede this process. New data shed some light on each of these
    processes. Mutations which involve duplications can occur through at least two
    different mechanisms, backward strand slippage during DNA replication and unequal
    crossing-over. The background rate of duplication of a complete gene in humans
    is 10-9-10-10 per generation, although many genes located within hot-spots of
    large-scale mutation are duplicated much more often. Many gene duplications affect
    fitness strongly, and are responsible, through gene dosage effects, for a number
    of genetic diseases. However, high levels of intrapopulation polymorphism caused
    by presence or absence of long, gene-containing DNA segments imply that some duplications
    are not under strong selection. The polymorphism to fixation ratios appear to
    be approximately the same for gene duplications and for presumably selectively
    neutral nucleotide substitutions, which, according to the McDonald-Kreitman test,
    is consistent with selective neutrality of duplications. However, this pattern
    can also be due to negative selection against most of segregating duplications
    and positive selection for at least some duplications which become fixed. Patterns
    in post-fixation evolution of duplicated genes do not easily reveal the causes
    of fixations. Many gene duplications which became fixed recently in a variety
    of organisms were positively selected because the increased expression of the
    corresponding genes was beneficial. The effects of gene dosage provide a unified
    framework for studying all phases of the life history of a gene duplication. Application
    of well-known methods of evolutionary genetics to accumulating data on new, polymorphic,
    and fixed duplication will enhance our understanding of the role of natural selection
    in the evolution by gene duplication.
author:
- first_name: Fyodor
  full_name: Fyodor Kondrashov
  id: 44FDEF62-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Kondrashov
  orcid: 0000-0001-8243-4694
- first_name: Alexey
  full_name: Kondrashov, Alexey S
  last_name: Kondrashov
citation:
  ama: Kondrashov F, Kondrashov A. Role of selection in fixation of gene duplications.
    <i>Journal of Theoretical Biology</i>. 2006;239(2):141-151. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtbi.2005.08.033">10.1016/j.jtbi.2005.08.033</a>
  apa: Kondrashov, F., &#38; Kondrashov, A. (2006). Role of selection in fixation
    of gene duplications. <i>Journal of Theoretical Biology</i>. Elsevier. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtbi.2005.08.033">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtbi.2005.08.033</a>
  chicago: Kondrashov, Fyodor, and Alexey Kondrashov. “Role of Selection in Fixation
    of Gene Duplications.” <i>Journal of Theoretical Biology</i>. Elsevier, 2006.
    <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtbi.2005.08.033">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtbi.2005.08.033</a>.
  ieee: F. Kondrashov and A. Kondrashov, “Role of selection in fixation of gene duplications,”
    <i>Journal of Theoretical Biology</i>, vol. 239, no. 2. Elsevier, pp. 141–151,
    2006.
  ista: Kondrashov F, Kondrashov A. 2006. Role of selection in fixation of gene duplications.
    Journal of Theoretical Biology. 239(2), 141–151.
  mla: Kondrashov, Fyodor, and Alexey Kondrashov. “Role of Selection in Fixation of
    Gene Duplications.” <i>Journal of Theoretical Biology</i>, vol. 239, no. 2, Elsevier,
    2006, pp. 141–51, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtbi.2005.08.033">10.1016/j.jtbi.2005.08.033</a>.
  short: F. Kondrashov, A. Kondrashov, Journal of Theoretical Biology 239 (2006) 141–151.
date_created: 2018-12-11T11:48:57Z
date_published: 2006-03-21T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2021-01-12T08:20:47Z
day: '21'
doi: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2005.08.033
extern: 1
intvolume: '       239'
issue: '2'
month: '03'
page: 141 - 151
publication: Journal of Theoretical Biology
publication_status: published
publisher: Elsevier
publist_id: '6773'
quality_controlled: 0
status: public
title: Role of selection in fixation of gene duplications
type: journal_article
volume: 239
year: '2006'
...
---
_id: '1715'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: 'Background: Cell-to-cell communication at the synapse involves synaptic transmission
    as well as signaling mediated by growth factors, which provide developmental and
    plasticity cues. There is evidence that a retrograde, presynaptic transforming
    growth factor-β (TGF-β) signaling event regulates synapse development and function
    in Drosophila. Results: Here we show that a postsynaptic TGF-β signaling event
    occurs during larval development. The type I receptor Thick veins (Tkv) and the
    R-Smad transcription factor Mothers-against-dpp (Mad) are localized postsynaptically
    in the muscle. Furthermore, Mad phosphorylation occurs in regions facing the presynaptic
    active zones of neurotransmitter release within the postsynaptic subsynaptic reticulum
    (SSR). In order to monitor in real time the levels of TGF-β signaling in the synapse
    during synaptic transmission, we have established a FRAP assay to measure Mad
    nuclear import/export in the muscle. We show that Mad nuclear trafficking depends
    on stimulation of the muscle. Conclusions: Our data suggest a mechanism linking
    synaptic transmission and postsynaptic TGF-β signaling that may coordinate nerve-muscle
    development and function.'
acknowledgement: This work was supported by the Max Planck Society, HFSP, and Deutsche
  Forschungsgemeinschaft.
article_processing_charge: No
author:
- first_name: Veronika
  full_name: Dudu, Veronika
  last_name: Dudu
- first_name: Thomas
  full_name: Bittig, Thomas
  last_name: Bittig
- first_name: Eugeni
  full_name: Entchev, Eugeni
  last_name: Entchev
- first_name: Anna
  full_name: Kicheva, Anna
  id: 3959A2A0-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Kicheva
  orcid: 0000-0003-4509-4998
- first_name: Frank
  full_name: Julicher, Frank
  last_name: Julicher
- first_name: Marcos
  full_name: González Gaitán, Marcos
  last_name: González Gaitán
citation:
  ama: Dudu V, Bittig T, Entchev E, Kicheva A, Julicher F, González Gaitán M. Postsynaptic
    mad signaling at the Drosophila neuromuscular junction. <i>Current Biology</i>.
    2006;16(7):625-635. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2006.02.061">10.1016/j.cub.2006.02.061</a>
  apa: Dudu, V., Bittig, T., Entchev, E., Kicheva, A., Julicher, F., &#38; González
    Gaitán, M. (2006). Postsynaptic mad signaling at the Drosophila neuromuscular
    junction. <i>Current Biology</i>. Cell Press. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2006.02.061">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2006.02.061</a>
  chicago: Dudu, Veronika, Thomas Bittig, Eugeni Entchev, Anna Kicheva, Frank Julicher,
    and Marcos González Gaitán. “Postsynaptic Mad Signaling at the Drosophila Neuromuscular
    Junction.” <i>Current Biology</i>. Cell Press, 2006. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2006.02.061">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2006.02.061</a>.
  ieee: V. Dudu, T. Bittig, E. Entchev, A. Kicheva, F. Julicher, and M. González Gaitán,
    “Postsynaptic mad signaling at the Drosophila neuromuscular junction,” <i>Current
    Biology</i>, vol. 16, no. 7. Cell Press, pp. 625–635, 2006.
  ista: Dudu V, Bittig T, Entchev E, Kicheva A, Julicher F, González Gaitán M. 2006.
    Postsynaptic mad signaling at the Drosophila neuromuscular junction. Current Biology.
    16(7), 625–635.
  mla: Dudu, Veronika, et al. “Postsynaptic Mad Signaling at the Drosophila Neuromuscular
    Junction.” <i>Current Biology</i>, vol. 16, no. 7, Cell Press, 2006, pp. 625–35,
    doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2006.02.061">10.1016/j.cub.2006.02.061</a>.
  short: V. Dudu, T. Bittig, E. Entchev, A. Kicheva, F. Julicher, M. González Gaitán,
    Current Biology 16 (2006) 625–635.
date_created: 2018-12-11T11:53:37Z
date_published: 2006-04-04T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2021-11-16T07:44:15Z
day: '04'
doi: 10.1016/j.cub.2006.02.061
extern: '1'
intvolume: '        16'
issue: '7'
language:
- iso: eng
month: '04'
oa_version: None
page: 625 - 635
publication: Current Biology
publication_status: published
publisher: Cell Press
publist_id: '5416'
related_material:
  link:
  - relation: erratum
    url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2006.06.020
status: public
title: Postsynaptic mad signaling at the Drosophila neuromuscular junction
type: journal_article
user_id: 8b945eb4-e2f2-11eb-945a-df72226e66a9
volume: 16
year: '2006'
...
---
_id: '1745'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: SiGe islands grown by deposition of 10 monolayers of Ge on Si(0 0 1) at 740
    °C were investigated by using a combination of selective wet chemical etching
    and atomic force microscopy. The used etchant, a solution consisting of ammonium
    hydroxide and hydrogen peroxide, shows a high selectivity of Ge over SixGe1-x
    and is characterized by relatively slow etching rates for Si-rich alloys. By performing
    successive etching experiments on the same sample area, we are able to gain a
    deeper insight into the lateral displacement the islands undergo during post growth
    annealing.
author:
- first_name: Georgios
  full_name: Georgios Katsaros
  id: 38DB5788-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Katsaros
- first_name: Armando
  full_name: Rastelli, Armando
  last_name: Rastelli
- first_name: Mathieu
  full_name: Stoffel, Mathieu
  last_name: Stoffel
- first_name: Giovanni
  full_name: Isella, Giovanni
  last_name: Isella
- first_name: Hans
  full_name: Von Känel, Hans
  last_name: Von Känel
- first_name: Alexander
  full_name: Bittner, Alexander M
  last_name: Bittner
- first_name: Jerry
  full_name: Tersoff, Jerry
  last_name: Tersoff
- first_name: Ulrich
  full_name: Denker, Ulrich
  last_name: Denker
- first_name: Oliver
  full_name: Schmidt, Oliver G
  last_name: Schmidt
- first_name: Giovanni
  full_name: Costantini, Giovanni
  last_name: Costantini
- first_name: Klaus
  full_name: Kern, Klaus
  last_name: Kern
citation:
  ama: Katsaros G, Rastelli A, Stoffel M, et al. Investigating the lateral motion
    of SiGe islands by selective chemical etching. <i>Surface Science</i>. 2006;600(12):2608-2613.
    doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.susc.2006.04.027">10.1016/j.susc.2006.04.027</a>
  apa: Katsaros, G., Rastelli, A., Stoffel, M., Isella, G., Von Känel, H., Bittner,
    A., … Kern, K. (2006). Investigating the lateral motion of SiGe islands by selective
    chemical etching. <i>Surface Science</i>. Elsevier. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.susc.2006.04.027">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.susc.2006.04.027</a>
  chicago: Katsaros, Georgios, Armando Rastelli, Mathieu Stoffel, Giovanni Isella,
    Hans Von Känel, Alexander Bittner, Jerry Tersoff, et al. “Investigating the Lateral
    Motion of SiGe Islands by Selective Chemical Etching.” <i>Surface Science</i>.
    Elsevier, 2006. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.susc.2006.04.027">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.susc.2006.04.027</a>.
  ieee: G. Katsaros <i>et al.</i>, “Investigating the lateral motion of SiGe islands
    by selective chemical etching,” <i>Surface Science</i>, vol. 600, no. 12. Elsevier,
    pp. 2608–2613, 2006.
  ista: Katsaros G, Rastelli A, Stoffel M, Isella G, Von Känel H, Bittner A, Tersoff
    J, Denker U, Schmidt O, Costantini G, Kern K. 2006. Investigating the lateral
    motion of SiGe islands by selective chemical etching. Surface Science. 600(12),
    2608–2613.
  mla: Katsaros, Georgios, et al. “Investigating the Lateral Motion of SiGe Islands
    by Selective Chemical Etching.” <i>Surface Science</i>, vol. 600, no. 12, Elsevier,
    2006, pp. 2608–13, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.susc.2006.04.027">10.1016/j.susc.2006.04.027</a>.
  short: G. Katsaros, A. Rastelli, M. Stoffel, G. Isella, H. Von Känel, A. Bittner,
    J. Tersoff, U. Denker, O. Schmidt, G. Costantini, K. Kern, Surface Science 600
    (2006) 2608–2613.
date_created: 2018-12-11T11:53:47Z
date_published: 2006-06-15T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2021-01-12T06:52:56Z
day: '15'
doi: 10.1016/j.susc.2006.04.027
extern: 1
intvolume: '       600'
issue: '12'
month: '06'
page: 2608 - 2613
publication: Surface Science
publication_status: published
publisher: Elsevier
publist_id: '5379'
quality_controlled: 0
status: public
title: Investigating the lateral motion of SiGe islands by selective chemical etching
type: journal_article
volume: 600
year: '2006'
...
---
_id: '1746'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: 'A microscopic picture for the GaAs overgrowth of self-organized InAs/GaAs(001)
    quantum dots is developed. Scanning tunneling microscopy measurements reveal two
    capping regimes: the first being characterized by a dot shrinking and a backward
    pyramid-to-dome shape transition. This regime is governed by fast dynamics resulting
    in island morphologies close to thermodynamic equilibrium. The second regime is
    marked by a true overgrowth and is controlled by kinetically limited surface diffusion
    processes. A simple model is developed to describe the observed structural changes
    which are rationalized in terms of energetic minimization driven by lattice mismatch
    and alloying.'
author:
- first_name: Giovanni
  full_name: Costantini, Giovanni
  last_name: Costantini
- first_name: Armando
  full_name: Rastelli, Armando
  last_name: Rastelli
- first_name: Carlos
  full_name: Manzano, Carlos
  last_name: Manzano
- first_name: P
  full_name: Acosta-Diaz, P
  last_name: Acosta Diaz
- first_name: Rudeeson
  full_name: Songmuang, Rudeeson
  last_name: Songmuang
- first_name: Georgios
  full_name: Georgios Katsaros
  id: 38DB5788-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Katsaros
- first_name: Oliver
  full_name: Schmidt, Oliver G
  last_name: Schmidt
- first_name: Klaus
  full_name: Kern, Klaus
  last_name: Kern
citation:
  ama: Costantini G, Rastelli A, Manzano C, et al. Interplay between thermodynamics
    and kinetics in the capping of InAs/GaAs (001) quantum dots. <i>Physical Review
    Letters</i>. 2006;96(22). doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.96.226106">10.1103/PhysRevLett.96.226106</a>
  apa: Costantini, G., Rastelli, A., Manzano, C., Acosta Diaz, P., Songmuang, R.,
    Katsaros, G., … Kern, K. (2006). Interplay between thermodynamics and kinetics
    in the capping of InAs/GaAs (001) quantum dots. <i>Physical Review Letters</i>.
    American Physical Society. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.96.226106">https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.96.226106</a>
  chicago: Costantini, Giovanni, Armando Rastelli, Carlos Manzano, P Acosta Diaz,
    Rudeeson Songmuang, Georgios Katsaros, Oliver Schmidt, and Klaus Kern. “Interplay
    between Thermodynamics and Kinetics in the Capping of InAs/GaAs (001) Quantum
    Dots.” <i>Physical Review Letters</i>. American Physical Society, 2006. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.96.226106">https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.96.226106</a>.
  ieee: G. Costantini <i>et al.</i>, “Interplay between thermodynamics and kinetics
    in the capping of InAs/GaAs (001) quantum dots,” <i>Physical Review Letters</i>,
    vol. 96, no. 22. American Physical Society, 2006.
  ista: Costantini G, Rastelli A, Manzano C, Acosta Diaz P, Songmuang R, Katsaros
    G, Schmidt O, Kern K. 2006. Interplay between thermodynamics and kinetics in the
    capping of InAs/GaAs (001) quantum dots. Physical Review Letters. 96(22).
  mla: Costantini, Giovanni, et al. “Interplay between Thermodynamics and Kinetics
    in the Capping of InAs/GaAs (001) Quantum Dots.” <i>Physical Review Letters</i>,
    vol. 96, no. 22, American Physical Society, 2006, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.96.226106">10.1103/PhysRevLett.96.226106</a>.
  short: G. Costantini, A. Rastelli, C. Manzano, P. Acosta Diaz, R. Songmuang, G.
    Katsaros, O. Schmidt, K. Kern, Physical Review Letters 96 (2006).
date_created: 2018-12-11T11:53:47Z
date_published: 2006-01-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2021-01-12T06:52:56Z
day: '01'
doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.96.226106
extern: 1
intvolume: '        96'
issue: '22'
month: '01'
publication: Physical Review Letters
publication_status: published
publisher: American Physical Society
publist_id: '5378'
quality_controlled: 0
status: public
title: Interplay between thermodynamics and kinetics in the capping of InAs/GaAs (001)
  quantum dots
type: journal_article
volume: 96
year: '2006'
...
---
_id: '1747'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: 'We report on recent advances in the understanding of surface processes occurring
    during growth and post-growth annealing of strained islands which may find application
    as self-assembled quantum dots. We investigate the model system SiGe/Si(0 0 1)
    by a new approach based on &quot;reading the footprints&quot; which islands leave
    on the substrate during their growth and evolution. Such footprints consist of
    trenches carved in the Si substrate. We distinguish between surface footprints
    and footprints buried below the islands. The former allow us to discriminate islands
    which are in the process of growing from those which are shrinking. Islands with
    steep morphologies grow at the expense of smaller and shallower islands, consistent
    with the kinetics of anomalous coarsening. While shrinking, islands change their
    shape according to thermodynamic predictions. Buried footprints are investigated
    by removing the SiGe epilayer by means of selective wet chemical etching. Their
    reading shows that: (i) during post-growth annealing islands move laterally because
    of surface-mediated Si-Ge intermixing; (ii) a tree-ring structure of trenches
    is created by dislocated islands during their &quot;cyclic&quot; growth. This
    allows us to distinguish coherent from dislocated islands and to establish whether
    the latter are the result of island coalescence.'
acknowledgement: This work was supported by the BMBF (03N8711)
author:
- first_name: Armando
  full_name: Rastelli, Armando
  last_name: Rastelli
- first_name: Mathieu
  full_name: Stoffel, Mathieu
  last_name: Stoffel
- first_name: Georgios
  full_name: Georgios Katsaros
  id: 38DB5788-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Katsaros
- first_name: Jerry
  full_name: Tersoff, Jerry
  last_name: Tersoff
- first_name: Ulrich
  full_name: Denker, Ulrich
  last_name: Denker
- first_name: Tsvetelina
  full_name: Merdzhanova, Tsvetelina
  last_name: Merdzhanova
- first_name: Gouranga
  full_name: Kar, Gouranga S
  last_name: Kar
- first_name: Giovanni
  full_name: Costantini, Giovanni
  last_name: Costantini
- first_name: Klaus
  full_name: Kern, Klaus
  last_name: Kern
- first_name: Hans
  full_name: Von Känel, Hans
  last_name: Von Känel
- first_name: Oliver
  full_name: Schmidt, Oliver G
  last_name: Schmidt
citation:
  ama: Rastelli A, Stoffel M, Katsaros G, et al. Reading the footprints of strained
    islands. <i>Microelectronics Journal</i>. 2006;37(12):1471-1476. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mejo.2006.05.029">10.1016/j.mejo.2006.05.029</a>
  apa: Rastelli, A., Stoffel, M., Katsaros, G., Tersoff, J., Denker, U., Merdzhanova,
    T., … Schmidt, O. (2006). Reading the footprints of strained islands. <i>Microelectronics
    Journal</i>. Elsevier. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mejo.2006.05.029">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mejo.2006.05.029</a>
  chicago: Rastelli, Armando, Mathieu Stoffel, Georgios Katsaros, Jerry Tersoff, Ulrich
    Denker, Tsvetelina Merdzhanova, Gouranga Kar, et al. “Reading the Footprints of
    Strained Islands.” <i>Microelectronics Journal</i>. Elsevier, 2006. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mejo.2006.05.029">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mejo.2006.05.029</a>.
  ieee: A. Rastelli <i>et al.</i>, “Reading the footprints of strained islands,” <i>Microelectronics
    Journal</i>, vol. 37, no. 12. Elsevier, pp. 1471–1476, 2006.
  ista: Rastelli A, Stoffel M, Katsaros G, Tersoff J, Denker U, Merdzhanova T, Kar
    G, Costantini G, Kern K, Von Känel H, Schmidt O. 2006. Reading the footprints
    of strained islands. Microelectronics Journal. 37(12), 1471–1476.
  mla: Rastelli, Armando, et al. “Reading the Footprints of Strained Islands.” <i>Microelectronics
    Journal</i>, vol. 37, no. 12, Elsevier, 2006, pp. 1471–76, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mejo.2006.05.029">10.1016/j.mejo.2006.05.029</a>.
  short: A. Rastelli, M. Stoffel, G. Katsaros, J. Tersoff, U. Denker, T. Merdzhanova,
    G. Kar, G. Costantini, K. Kern, H. Von Känel, O. Schmidt, Microelectronics Journal
    37 (2006) 1471–1476.
date_created: 2018-12-11T11:53:47Z
date_published: 2006-12-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2021-01-12T06:52:57Z
day: '01'
doi: 10.1016/j.mejo.2006.05.029
extern: 1
intvolume: '        37'
issue: '12'
month: '12'
page: 1471 - 1476
publication: Microelectronics Journal
publication_status: published
publisher: Elsevier
publist_id: '5377'
quality_controlled: 0
status: public
title: Reading the footprints of strained islands
type: journal_article
volume: 37
year: '2006'
...
---
_id: '1748'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: The authors apply selective wet chemical etching and atomic force microscopy
    to reveal the three-dimensional shape of SiGeSi (001) islands after capping with
    Si. Although the &quot;self-assembled quantum dots&quot; remain practically unaffected
    by capping in the temperature range of 300-450 °C, significant morphological changes
    take place on the Si surface. At 450 °C, the morphology of the capping layer (Si
    matrix) evolves toward an intriguing semifacetted structure, which we call a &quot;ziggurat,&quot;
    giving the misleading impression of a stepped SiGe island shape.
author:
- first_name: Georgios
  full_name: Georgios Katsaros
  id: 38DB5788-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Katsaros
- first_name: Armando
  full_name: Rastelli, Armando
  last_name: Rastelli
- first_name: Mathieu
  full_name: Stoffel, Mathieu
  last_name: Stoffel
- first_name: Giovanni
  full_name: Costantini, Giovanni
  last_name: Costantini
- first_name: Oliver
  full_name: Schmidt, Oliver G
  last_name: Schmidt
- first_name: Klaus
  full_name: Kern, Klaus
  last_name: Kern
- first_name: Jerry
  full_name: Tersoff, Jerry
  last_name: Tersoff
- first_name: Elisabeth
  full_name: Müller, Elisabeth
  last_name: Müller
- first_name: Hans
  full_name: Von Känel, Hans
  last_name: Von Känel
citation:
  ama: Katsaros G, Rastelli A, Stoffel M, et al. Evolution of buried semiconductor
    nanostructures and origin of stepped surface mounds during capping. <i>Applied
    Physics Letters</i>. 2006;89(25). doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1063/1.2405876">10.1063/1.2405876</a>
  apa: Katsaros, G., Rastelli, A., Stoffel, M., Costantini, G., Schmidt, O., Kern,
    K., … Von Känel, H. (2006). Evolution of buried semiconductor nanostructures and
    origin of stepped surface mounds during capping. <i>Applied Physics Letters</i>.
    American Institute of Physics. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1063/1.2405876">https://doi.org/10.1063/1.2405876</a>
  chicago: Katsaros, Georgios, Armando Rastelli, Mathieu Stoffel, Giovanni Costantini,
    Oliver Schmidt, Klaus Kern, Jerry Tersoff, Elisabeth Müller, and Hans Von Känel.
    “Evolution of Buried Semiconductor Nanostructures and Origin of Stepped Surface
    Mounds during Capping.” <i>Applied Physics Letters</i>. American Institute of
    Physics, 2006. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1063/1.2405876">https://doi.org/10.1063/1.2405876</a>.
  ieee: G. Katsaros <i>et al.</i>, “Evolution of buried semiconductor nanostructures
    and origin of stepped surface mounds during capping,” <i>Applied Physics Letters</i>,
    vol. 89, no. 25. American Institute of Physics, 2006.
  ista: Katsaros G, Rastelli A, Stoffel M, Costantini G, Schmidt O, Kern K, Tersoff
    J, Müller E, Von Känel H. 2006. Evolution of buried semiconductor nanostructures
    and origin of stepped surface mounds during capping. Applied Physics Letters.
    89(25).
  mla: Katsaros, Georgios, et al. “Evolution of Buried Semiconductor Nanostructures
    and Origin of Stepped Surface Mounds during Capping.” <i>Applied Physics Letters</i>,
    vol. 89, no. 25, American Institute of Physics, 2006, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1063/1.2405876">10.1063/1.2405876</a>.
  short: G. Katsaros, A. Rastelli, M. Stoffel, G. Costantini, O. Schmidt, K. Kern,
    J. Tersoff, E. Müller, H. Von Känel, Applied Physics Letters 89 (2006).
date_created: 2018-12-11T11:53:48Z
date_published: 2006-01-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2021-01-12T06:52:57Z
day: '01'
doi: 10.1063/1.2405876
extern: 1
intvolume: '        89'
issue: '25'
month: '01'
publication: Applied Physics Letters
publication_status: published
publisher: American Institute of Physics
publist_id: '5376'
quality_controlled: 0
status: public
title: Evolution of buried semiconductor nanostructures and origin of stepped surface
  mounds during capping
type: journal_article
volume: 89
year: '2006'
...
---
_id: '1796'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: Drugs that block the entry of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)
    into host cells abrogate the establishment of a productive infection and should
    ideally diminish the chances of HIV-1 developing resistance. This review will
    give an overview of the mechanism by which the envelope glycoprotein mediates
    HIV-1 entry and will summarize current drug developments.
author:
- first_name: Sandra
  full_name: Sandra Siegert
  id: 36ACD32E-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Siegert
  orcid: 0000-0001-8635-0877
- first_name: Peter
  full_name: Schnierle, Peter
  last_name: Schnierle
- first_name: Barbara
  full_name: Schnierle, Barbara S
  last_name: Schnierle
citation:
  ama: 'Siegert S, Schnierle P, Schnierle B. Novel anti-viral therapy: Drugs that
    block HIV entry at different target sites. <i>Mini-Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry</i>.
    2006;6(5):557-562. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.2174/138955706776876267">10.2174/138955706776876267</a>'
  apa: 'Siegert, S., Schnierle, P., &#38; Schnierle, B. (2006). Novel anti-viral therapy:
    Drugs that block HIV entry at different target sites. <i>Mini-Reviews in Medicinal
    Chemistry</i>. Bentham Science Publishers. <a href="https://doi.org/10.2174/138955706776876267">https://doi.org/10.2174/138955706776876267</a>'
  chicago: 'Siegert, Sandra, Peter Schnierle, and Barbara Schnierle. “Novel Anti-Viral
    Therapy: Drugs That Block HIV Entry at Different Target Sites.” <i>Mini-Reviews
    in Medicinal Chemistry</i>. Bentham Science Publishers, 2006. <a href="https://doi.org/10.2174/138955706776876267">https://doi.org/10.2174/138955706776876267</a>.'
  ieee: 'S. Siegert, P. Schnierle, and B. Schnierle, “Novel anti-viral therapy: Drugs
    that block HIV entry at different target sites,” <i>Mini-Reviews in Medicinal
    Chemistry</i>, vol. 6, no. 5. Bentham Science Publishers, pp. 557–562, 2006.'
  ista: 'Siegert S, Schnierle P, Schnierle B. 2006. Novel anti-viral therapy: Drugs
    that block HIV entry at different target sites. Mini-Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry.
    6(5), 557–562.'
  mla: 'Siegert, Sandra, et al. “Novel Anti-Viral Therapy: Drugs That Block HIV Entry
    at Different Target Sites.” <i>Mini-Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry</i>, vol. 6,
    no. 5, Bentham Science Publishers, 2006, pp. 557–62, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.2174/138955706776876267">10.2174/138955706776876267</a>.'
  short: S. Siegert, P. Schnierle, B. Schnierle, Mini-Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry
    6 (2006) 557–562.
date_created: 2018-12-11T11:54:03Z
date_published: 2006-05-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2021-01-12T06:53:15Z
day: '01'
doi: 10.2174/138955706776876267
extern: 1
intvolume: '         6'
issue: '5'
month: '05'
page: 557 - 562
publication: Mini-Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry
publication_status: published
publisher: Bentham Science Publishers
publist_id: '5314'
quality_controlled: 0
status: public
title: 'Novel anti-viral therapy: Drugs that block HIV entry at different target sites'
type: journal_article
volume: 6
year: '2006'
...
---
_id: '1961'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: |
    Respiratory complex I plays a central role in cellular energy production in bacteria and mitochondria. Its dysfunction is implicated in many human neurodegenerative diseases, as well as in aging. The crystal structure of the hydrophilic domain (peripheral arm) of complex I from Thermus thermophilus has been solved at 3.3 angstrom resolution. This subcomplex consists of eight subunits and contains all the redox centers of the enzyme, including nine iron-sulfur clusters. The primary electron acceptor, flavin-mononucleotide, is within electron transfer distance of cluster N3, leading to the main redox pathway, and of the distal cluster Nia, a possible antioxidant. The structure reveals new aspects of the mechanism and evolution of the enzyme. The terminal cluster N2 is coordinated, uniquely, by two consecutive cysteines. The novel subunit Nqo15 has a similar fold to the mitochondrial iron chaperone frataxin, and it may be involved in iron-sulfur cluster regeneration in the complex.
acknowledgement: This work was funded by the Medical Research Council.
author:
- first_name: Leonid A
  full_name: Leonid Sazanov
  id: 338D39FE-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Sazanov
  orcid: 0000-0002-0977-7989
- first_name: Philip
  full_name: 'Hinchliffe, Philip '
  last_name: Hinchliffe
citation:
  ama: Sazanov LA, Hinchliffe P. Structure of the hydrophilic domain of respiratory
    complex I from Thermus thermophilus. <i>Science</i>. 2006;311(5766):1430-1436.
    doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1123809">10.1126/science.1123809</a>
  apa: Sazanov, L. A., &#38; Hinchliffe, P. (2006). Structure of the hydrophilic domain
    of respiratory complex I from Thermus thermophilus. <i>Science</i>. American Association
    for the Advancement of Science. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1123809">https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1123809</a>
  chicago: Sazanov, Leonid A, and Philip Hinchliffe. “Structure of the Hydrophilic
    Domain of Respiratory Complex I from Thermus Thermophilus.” <i>Science</i>. American
    Association for the Advancement of Science, 2006. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1123809">https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1123809</a>.
  ieee: L. A. Sazanov and P. Hinchliffe, “Structure of the hydrophilic domain of respiratory
    complex I from Thermus thermophilus,” <i>Science</i>, vol. 311, no. 5766. American
    Association for the Advancement of Science, pp. 1430–1436, 2006.
  ista: Sazanov LA, Hinchliffe P. 2006. Structure of the hydrophilic domain of respiratory
    complex I from Thermus thermophilus. Science. 311(5766), 1430–1436.
  mla: Sazanov, Leonid A., and Philip Hinchliffe. “Structure of the Hydrophilic Domain
    of Respiratory Complex I from Thermus Thermophilus.” <i>Science</i>, vol. 311,
    no. 5766, American Association for the Advancement of Science, 2006, pp. 1430–36,
    doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1123809">10.1126/science.1123809</a>.
  short: L.A. Sazanov, P. Hinchliffe, Science 311 (2006) 1430–1436.
date_created: 2018-12-11T11:54:56Z
date_published: 2006-03-10T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2021-01-12T06:54:22Z
day: '10'
doi: 10.1126/science.1123809
extern: 1
intvolume: '       311'
issue: '5766'
month: '03'
page: 1430 - 1436
publication: Science
publication_status: published
publisher: American Association for the Advancement of Science
publist_id: '5121'
quality_controlled: 0
status: public
title: Structure of the hydrophilic domain of respiratory complex I from Thermus thermophilus
type: journal_article
volume: 311
year: '2006'
...
---
_id: '1966'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: The hydrophilic domain (peripheral arm) of the proton-translocating NADH:quinone
    oxidoreductase (complex I) from the thermophilic organism Thermus thermophilus
    HB8 has been purified and characterized. The subcomplex is stable in sodium dodecyl
    sulfate up to 80 °C. Of nine iron-sulfur clusters, four to five (one or two binuclear
    and three tetranuclear) could be detected by EPR in the NADH-reduced enzyme. The
    preparation consists of eight different polypeptides. Seven of them have been
    positively identified by peptide mass mapping and N-terminal sequencing as known
    hydrophilic subunits of T. thermophilus complex I. The eighth polypeptide copurified
    with the subcomplex at all stages, is strongly associated with the other subunits,
    and is present in crystals of the subcomplex, used for X-ray data collection.
    Therefore, it has been identified as a novel complex I subunit and named Nqo15.
    It is encoded in a locus separate from the nqo operon, containing the 14 other
    known complex I genes. ORFs encoding Nqo15 homologues are present in the genomes
    of the closest relatives of T. thermophilus. Our data show that, contrary to previous
    assumptions, bacterial complex I can contain proteins in addition to a &quot;core&quot;
    complement of 14 subunits.
author:
- first_name: Philip
  full_name: 'Hinchliffe, Philip '
  last_name: Hinchliffe
- first_name: Joe
  full_name: Carroll, Joe D
  last_name: Carroll
- first_name: Leonid A
  full_name: Leonid Sazanov
  id: 338D39FE-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Sazanov
  orcid: 0000-0002-0977-7989
citation:
  ama: Hinchliffe P, Carroll J, Sazanov LA. Identification of a novel subunit of respiratory
    complex I from Thermus thermophilus. <i>Biochemistry</i>. 2006;45(14):4413-4420.
    doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1021/bi0600998">10.1021/bi0600998</a>
  apa: Hinchliffe, P., Carroll, J., &#38; Sazanov, L. A. (2006). Identification of
    a novel subunit of respiratory complex I from Thermus thermophilus. <i>Biochemistry</i>.
    ACS. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1021/bi0600998">https://doi.org/10.1021/bi0600998</a>
  chicago: Hinchliffe, Philip, Joe Carroll, and Leonid A Sazanov. “Identification
    of a Novel Subunit of Respiratory Complex I from Thermus Thermophilus.” <i>Biochemistry</i>.
    ACS, 2006. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1021/bi0600998">https://doi.org/10.1021/bi0600998</a>.
  ieee: P. Hinchliffe, J. Carroll, and L. A. Sazanov, “Identification of a novel subunit
    of respiratory complex I from Thermus thermophilus,” <i>Biochemistry</i>, vol.
    45, no. 14. ACS, pp. 4413–4420, 2006.
  ista: Hinchliffe P, Carroll J, Sazanov LA. 2006. Identification of a novel subunit
    of respiratory complex I from Thermus thermophilus. Biochemistry. 45(14), 4413–4420.
  mla: Hinchliffe, Philip, et al. “Identification of a Novel Subunit of Respiratory
    Complex I from Thermus Thermophilus.” <i>Biochemistry</i>, vol. 45, no. 14, ACS,
    2006, pp. 4413–20, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1021/bi0600998">10.1021/bi0600998</a>.
  short: P. Hinchliffe, J. Carroll, L.A. Sazanov, Biochemistry 45 (2006) 4413–4420.
date_created: 2018-12-11T11:54:57Z
date_published: 2006-04-11T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2021-01-12T06:54:23Z
day: '11'
doi: 10.1021/bi0600998
extern: 1
intvolume: '        45'
issue: '14'
month: '04'
page: 4413 - 4420
publication: Biochemistry
publication_status: published
publisher: ACS
publist_id: '5120'
quality_controlled: 0
status: public
title: Identification of a novel subunit of respiratory complex I from Thermus thermophilus
type: journal_article
volume: 45
year: '2006'
...
---
_id: '2066'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: Although the X chromosome is usually similar to the autosomes in size and
    cytogenetic appearance, theoretical models predict that its hemizygosity in males
    may cause unusual patterns of evolution. The sequencing of several genomes has
    indeed revealed differences between the X chromosome and the autosomes in the
    rates of gene divergence, patterns of gene expression and rates of gene movement
    between chromosomes. A better understanding of these patterns should provide valuable
    information on the evolution of genes located on the X chromosome. It could also
    suggest solutions to more general problems in molecular evolution, such as detecting
    selection and estimating mutational effects on fitness
acknowledgement: B.V. is supported by a postgraduate fellowship from the Fundação
  de Ciência e Tecnologia of Portugal, and B.C. by the Royal Society (UK)
author:
- first_name: Beatriz
  full_name: Beatriz Vicoso
  id: 49E1C5C6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Vicoso
  orcid: 0000-0002-4579-8306
- first_name: Brian
  full_name: Charlesworth, Brian
  last_name: Charlesworth
citation:
  ama: 'Vicoso B, Charlesworth B. Evolution on the X chromosome: Unusual patterns
    and processes. <i>Nature Reviews Genetics</i>. 2006;7(8):645-653. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/nrg1914">10.1038/nrg1914</a>'
  apa: 'Vicoso, B., &#38; Charlesworth, B. (2006). Evolution on the X chromosome:
    Unusual patterns and processes. <i>Nature Reviews Genetics</i>. Nature Publishing
    Group. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/nrg1914">https://doi.org/10.1038/nrg1914</a>'
  chicago: 'Vicoso, Beatriz, and Brian Charlesworth. “Evolution on the X Chromosome:
    Unusual Patterns and Processes.” <i>Nature Reviews Genetics</i>. Nature Publishing
    Group, 2006. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/nrg1914">https://doi.org/10.1038/nrg1914</a>.'
  ieee: 'B. Vicoso and B. Charlesworth, “Evolution on the X chromosome: Unusual patterns
    and processes,” <i>Nature Reviews Genetics</i>, vol. 7, no. 8. Nature Publishing
    Group, pp. 645–653, 2006.'
  ista: 'Vicoso B, Charlesworth B. 2006. Evolution on the X chromosome: Unusual patterns
    and processes. Nature Reviews Genetics. 7(8), 645–653.'
  mla: 'Vicoso, Beatriz, and Brian Charlesworth. “Evolution on the X Chromosome: Unusual
    Patterns and Processes.” <i>Nature Reviews Genetics</i>, vol. 7, no. 8, Nature
    Publishing Group, 2006, pp. 645–53, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/nrg1914">10.1038/nrg1914</a>.'
  short: B. Vicoso, B. Charlesworth, Nature Reviews Genetics 7 (2006) 645–653.
date_created: 2018-12-11T11:55:31Z
date_published: 2006-08-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2021-01-12T06:55:05Z
day: '01'
doi: 10.1038/nrg1914
extern: 1
intvolume: '         7'
issue: '8'
month: '08'
page: 645 - 653
publication: Nature Reviews Genetics
publication_status: published
publisher: Nature Publishing Group
publist_id: '4973'
quality_controlled: 0
status: public
title: 'Evolution on the X chromosome: Unusual patterns and processes'
type: journal_article
volume: 7
year: '2006'
...
