---
_id: '3180'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: 'One of the most exciting advances in early vision has been the development
    of efficient energy minimization algorithms. Many early vision tasks require labeling
    each pixel with some quantity such as depth or texture. While many such problems
    can be elegantly expressed in the language of Markov Random Fields (MRF''s), the
    resulting energy minimization problems were widely viewed as intractable. Recently,
    algorithms such as graph cuts and loopy belief propagation (LBP) have proven to
    be very powerful: for example, such methods form the basis for almost all the
    top-performing stereo methods. Unfortunately, most papers define their own energy
    function, which is minimized with a specific algorithm of their choice. As a result,
    the tradeoffs among different energy minimization algorithms are not well understood.
    In this paper we describe a set of energy minimization benchmarks, which we use
    to compare the solution quality and running time of several common energy minimization
    algorithms. We investigate three promising recent methods - graph cuts, LBP, and
    tree-reweighted message passing - as well as the well-known older iterated conditional
    modes (ICM) algorithm. Our benchmark problems are drawn from published energy
    functions used for stereo, image stitching and interactive segmentation. We also
    provide a general-purpose software interface that allows vision researchers to
    easily switch between optimization methods with minimal overhead. We expect that
    the availability of our benchmarks and interface will make it significantly easier
    for vision researchers to adopt the best method for their specific problems. Benchmarks,
    code, results and images are available at http://vision.middlebury.edu/MRF.'
author:
- first_name: Richard
  full_name: Szeliski, Richard S
  last_name: Szeliski
- first_name: Ramin
  full_name: Zabih, Ramin
  last_name: Zabih
- first_name: Daniel
  full_name: Scharstein, Daniel
  last_name: Scharstein
- first_name: Olga
  full_name: Veksler, Olga
  last_name: Veksler
- first_name: Vladimir
  full_name: Vladimir Kolmogorov
  id: 3D50B0BA-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Kolmogorov
- first_name: Aseem
  full_name: Agarwala, Aseem
  last_name: Agarwala
- first_name: Marshall
  full_name: Tappen, Marshall F
  last_name: Tappen
- first_name: Carsten
  full_name: Rother, Carsten
  last_name: Rother
citation:
  ama: 'Szeliski R, Zabih R, Scharstein D, et al. A comparative study of energy minimization
    methods for Markov random fields. In: Vol 3952. Springer; 2006:16-29. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/11744047_2">10.1007/11744047_2</a>'
  apa: 'Szeliski, R., Zabih, R., Scharstein, D., Veksler, O., Kolmogorov, V., Agarwala,
    A., … Rother, C. (2006). A comparative study of energy minimization methods for
    Markov random fields (Vol. 3952, pp. 16–29). Presented at the ECCV: European Conference
    on Computer Vision, Springer. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/11744047_2">https://doi.org/10.1007/11744047_2</a>'
  chicago: Szeliski, Richard, Ramin Zabih, Daniel Scharstein, Olga Veksler, Vladimir
    Kolmogorov, Aseem Agarwala, Marshall Tappen, and Carsten Rother. “A Comparative
    Study of Energy Minimization Methods for Markov Random Fields,” 3952:16–29. Springer,
    2006. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/11744047_2">https://doi.org/10.1007/11744047_2</a>.
  ieee: 'R. Szeliski <i>et al.</i>, “A comparative study of energy minimization methods
    for Markov random fields,” presented at the ECCV: European Conference on Computer
    Vision, 2006, vol. 3952, pp. 16–29.'
  ista: 'Szeliski R, Zabih R, Scharstein D, Veksler O, Kolmogorov V, Agarwala A, Tappen
    M, Rother C. 2006. A comparative study of energy minimization methods for Markov
    random fields. ECCV: European Conference on Computer Vision vol. 3952, 16–29.'
  mla: Szeliski, Richard, et al. <i>A Comparative Study of Energy Minimization Methods
    for Markov Random Fields</i>. Vol. 3952, Springer, 2006, pp. 16–29, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/11744047_2">10.1007/11744047_2</a>.
  short: R. Szeliski, R. Zabih, D. Scharstein, O. Veksler, V. Kolmogorov, A. Agarwala,
    M. Tappen, C. Rother, in:, Springer, 2006, pp. 16–29.
conference:
  name: 'ECCV: European Conference on Computer Vision'
date_created: 2018-12-11T12:01:51Z
date_published: 2006-05-03T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2021-01-12T07:41:37Z
day: '03'
doi: 10.1007/11744047_2
extern: 1
intvolume: '      3952'
main_file_link:
- open_access: '0'
  url: http://research-srv.microsoft.com/pubs/67896/szsvkatr-eccv06.pdf
month: '05'
page: 16 - 29
publication_status: published
publisher: Springer
publist_id: '3499'
quality_controlled: 0
status: public
title: A comparative study of energy minimization methods for Markov random fields
type: conference
volume: 3952
year: '2006'
...
---
_id: '3184'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: 'Algorithms for discrete energy minimization play a fundamental role for low-level
    vision. Known techniques include graph cuts, belief propagation (BP) and recently
    introduced tree-reweighted message passing (TRW). So far, the standard benchmark
    for their comparison has been a 4-connected grid-graph arising in pixel-labelling
    stereo. This minimization problem, however, has been largely solved: recent work
    shows that for many scenes TRW finds the global optimum. Furthermore, it is known
    that a 4-connecled grid-graph is a poor stereo model since it does not take occlusions
    into account. We propose the problem of stereo with occlusions as a new test bed
    for minimization algorithms. This is a more challenging graph since it has much
    larger connectivity, and it also serves as a better stereo model. An attractive
    feature of this problem is that increased connectivity does not result in increased
    complexity of message passing algorithms. Indeed, one contribution of this paper
    is to show that sophisticated implementations of BP and TRW have the same time
    and memory complexity as that of 4-connecled grid-graph stereo. The main conclusion
    of our experimental study is that for our problem graph cut outperforms both TRW
    and BP considerably. TRW achieves consistently a lower energy than BP. However,
    as connectivity increases the speed of convergence of TRW becomes slower. Unlike
    4-connected grids, the difference between the energy of the best optimization
    method and the lower bound of TRW appears significant. This shows the hardness
    of the problem and motivates future research.'
alternative_title:
- LNCS
author:
- first_name: Vladimir
  full_name: Vladimir Kolmogorov
  id: 3D50B0BA-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Kolmogorov
- first_name: Carsten
  full_name: Rother, Carsten
  last_name: Rother
citation:
  ama: 'Kolmogorov V, Rother C. Comparison of energy minimization algorithms for highly
    connected graphs. In: Vol 3952 LNCS. Springer; 2006:1-15. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/11744047_1">10.1007/11744047_1</a>'
  apa: 'Kolmogorov, V., &#38; Rother, C. (2006). Comparison of energy minimization
    algorithms for highly connected graphs (Vol. 3952 LNCS, pp. 1–15). Presented at
    the ECCV: European Conference on Computer Vision, Springer. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/11744047_1">https://doi.org/10.1007/11744047_1</a>'
  chicago: Kolmogorov, Vladimir, and Carsten Rother. “Comparison of Energy Minimization
    Algorithms for Highly Connected Graphs,” 3952 LNCS:1–15. Springer, 2006. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/11744047_1">https://doi.org/10.1007/11744047_1</a>.
  ieee: 'V. Kolmogorov and C. Rother, “Comparison of energy minimization algorithms
    for highly connected graphs,” presented at the ECCV: European Conference on Computer
    Vision, 2006, vol. 3952 LNCS, pp. 1–15.'
  ista: 'Kolmogorov V, Rother C. 2006. Comparison of energy minimization algorithms
    for highly connected graphs. ECCV: European Conference on Computer Vision, LNCS,
    vol. 3952 LNCS, 1–15.'
  mla: Kolmogorov, Vladimir, and Carsten Rother. <i>Comparison of Energy Minimization
    Algorithms for Highly Connected Graphs</i>. Vol. 3952 LNCS, Springer, 2006, pp.
    1–15, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/11744047_1">10.1007/11744047_1</a>.
  short: V. Kolmogorov, C. Rother, in:, Springer, 2006, pp. 1–15.
conference:
  name: 'ECCV: European Conference on Computer Vision'
date_created: 2018-12-11T12:01:52Z
date_published: 2006-05-03T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2021-01-12T07:41:39Z
day: '03'
doi: 10.1007/11744047_1
extern: 1
main_file_link:
- open_access: '0'
  url: http://research.microsoft.com/pubs/67889/paper_eccv06-trw.pdf
month: '05'
page: 1 - 15
publication_status: published
publisher: Springer
publist_id: '3498'
quality_controlled: 0
status: public
title: Comparison of energy minimization algorithms for highly connected graphs
type: conference
volume: 3952 LNCS
year: '2006'
...
---
_id: '3185'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: This paper describes models and algorithms for the real-time segmentation
    of foreground from background layers in stereo video sequences. Automatic separation
    of layers from color/contrast or from stereo alone is known to be error-prone.
    Here, color, contrast, and stereo matching information are fused to infer layers
    accurately and efficiently. The first algorithm, Layered Dynamic Programming (LDP),
    solves stereo in an extended six-state space that represents both foreground/background
    layers and occluded regions. The stereo-match likelihood is then fused with a
    contrast-sensitive color model that is learned on-the-fly and stereo disparities
    are obtained by dynamic programming. The second algorithm, Layered Graph Cut (LGC),
    does not directly solve stereo. Instead, the stereo match likelihood is marginalized
    over disparities to evaluate foreground and background hypotheses and then fused
    with a contrast-sensitive color model like the one used in LDP. Segmentation is
    solved efficiently by ternary graph cut. Both algorithms are evaluated with respect
    to ground truth data and found to have similar performance, substantially better
    than either stereo or color/contrast alone. However, their characteristics with
    respect to computational efficiency are rather different. The algorithms are demonstrated
    in the application of background substitution and shown to give good quality composite
    video output.
author:
- first_name: Vladimir
  full_name: Vladimir Kolmogorov
  id: 3D50B0BA-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Kolmogorov
- first_name: Antonio
  full_name: Criminisi, Antonio
  last_name: Criminisi
- first_name: Andrew
  full_name: Blake, Andrew
  last_name: Blake
- first_name: Geoffrey
  full_name: Cross, Geoffrey
  last_name: Cross
- first_name: Carsten
  full_name: Rother, Carsten
  last_name: Rother
citation:
  ama: Kolmogorov V, Criminisi A, Blake A, Cross G, Rother C. Probabilistic fusion
    of stereo with color and contrast for bilayer segmentation. <i>IEEE Transactions
    on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence</i>. 2006;28(9):1480-1492. doi:<a
    href="https://doi.org/10.1109/TPAMI.2006.193">10.1109/TPAMI.2006.193</a>
  apa: Kolmogorov, V., Criminisi, A., Blake, A., Cross, G., &#38; Rother, C. (2006).
    Probabilistic fusion of stereo with color and contrast for bilayer segmentation.
    <i>IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence</i>. IEEE. <a
    href="https://doi.org/10.1109/TPAMI.2006.193">https://doi.org/10.1109/TPAMI.2006.193</a>
  chicago: Kolmogorov, Vladimir, Antonio Criminisi, Andrew Blake, Geoffrey Cross,
    and Carsten Rother. “Probabilistic Fusion of Stereo with Color and Contrast for
    Bilayer Segmentation.” <i>IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence</i>.
    IEEE, 2006. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1109/TPAMI.2006.193">https://doi.org/10.1109/TPAMI.2006.193</a>.
  ieee: V. Kolmogorov, A. Criminisi, A. Blake, G. Cross, and C. Rother, “Probabilistic
    fusion of stereo with color and contrast for bilayer segmentation,” <i>IEEE Transactions
    on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence</i>, vol. 28, no. 9. IEEE, pp. 1480–1492,
    2006.
  ista: Kolmogorov V, Criminisi A, Blake A, Cross G, Rother C. 2006. Probabilistic
    fusion of stereo with color and contrast for bilayer segmentation. IEEE Transactions
    on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence. 28(9), 1480–1492.
  mla: Kolmogorov, Vladimir, et al. “Probabilistic Fusion of Stereo with Color and
    Contrast for Bilayer Segmentation.” <i>IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and
    Machine Intelligence</i>, vol. 28, no. 9, IEEE, 2006, pp. 1480–92, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1109/TPAMI.2006.193">10.1109/TPAMI.2006.193</a>.
  short: V. Kolmogorov, A. Criminisi, A. Blake, G. Cross, C. Rother, IEEE Transactions
    on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence 28 (2006) 1480–1492.
date_created: 2018-12-11T12:01:53Z
date_published: 2006-09-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2021-01-12T07:41:39Z
day: '01'
doi: 10.1109/TPAMI.2006.193
extern: 1
intvolume: '        28'
issue: '9'
main_file_link:
- open_access: '0'
  url: http://research.microsoft.com/pubs/67414/criminisi_pami2006.pdf
month: '09'
page: 1480 - 1492
publication: IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
publication_status: published
publisher: IEEE
publist_id: '3496'
quality_controlled: 0
status: public
title: Probabilistic fusion of stereo with color and contrast for bilayer segmentation
type: journal_article
volume: 28
year: '2006'
...
---
_id: '3186'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: We introduce a new approach to modelling gradient flows of contours and surfaces.
    While standard variational methods (e.g. level sets) compute local interface motion
    in a differential fashion by estimating local contour velocity via energy derivatives,
    we propose to solve surface evolution PDEs by explicitly estimating integral motion
    of the whole surface. We formulate an optimization problem directly based on an
    integral characterization of gradient flow as an infinitesimal move of the (whole)
    surface giving the largest energy decrease among all moves of equal size. We show
    that this problem can be efficiently solved using recent advances in algorithms
    for global hypersurface optimization [4, 2, 11]. In particular, we employ the
    geo-cuts method [4] that uses ideas from integral geometry to represent continuous
    surfaces as cuts on discrete graphs. The resulting interface evolution algorithm
    is validated on some 2D and 3D examples similar to typical demonstrations of level-set
    methods. Our method can compute gradient flows of hypersurfaces with respect to
    a fairly general class of continuous functional and it is flexible with respect
    to distance metrics on the space of contours/surfaces. Preliminary tests for standard
    L2 distance metric demonstrate numerical stability, topological changes and an
    absence of any oscillatory motion.
alternative_title:
- LNCS
author:
- first_name: Yuri
  full_name: Boykov, Yuri
  last_name: Boykov
- first_name: Vladimir
  full_name: Vladimir Kolmogorov
  id: 3D50B0BA-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Kolmogorov
- first_name: Daniel
  full_name: Cremers, Daniel
  last_name: Cremers
- first_name: Andrew
  full_name: Delong, Andrew
  last_name: Delong
citation:
  ama: 'Boykov Y, Kolmogorov V, Cremers D, Delong A. An integral solution to surface
    evolution PDEs via geo cuts. In: Vol 3953. Springer; 2006:409-422. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/11744078_32">10.1007/11744078_32</a>'
  apa: 'Boykov, Y., Kolmogorov, V., Cremers, D., &#38; Delong, A. (2006). An integral
    solution to surface evolution PDEs via geo cuts (Vol. 3953, pp. 409–422). Presented
    at the ECCV: European Conference on Computer Vision, Springer. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/11744078_32">https://doi.org/10.1007/11744078_32</a>'
  chicago: Boykov, Yuri, Vladimir Kolmogorov, Daniel Cremers, and Andrew Delong. “An
    Integral Solution to Surface Evolution PDEs via Geo Cuts,” 3953:409–22. Springer,
    2006. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/11744078_32">https://doi.org/10.1007/11744078_32</a>.
  ieee: 'Y. Boykov, V. Kolmogorov, D. Cremers, and A. Delong, “An integral solution
    to surface evolution PDEs via geo cuts,” presented at the ECCV: European Conference
    on Computer Vision, 2006, vol. 3953, pp. 409–422.'
  ista: 'Boykov Y, Kolmogorov V, Cremers D, Delong A. 2006. An integral solution to
    surface evolution PDEs via geo cuts. ECCV: European Conference on Computer Vision,
    LNCS, vol. 3953, 409–422.'
  mla: Boykov, Yuri, et al. <i>An Integral Solution to Surface Evolution PDEs via
    Geo Cuts</i>. Vol. 3953, Springer, 2006, pp. 409–22, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/11744078_32">10.1007/11744078_32</a>.
  short: Y. Boykov, V. Kolmogorov, D. Cremers, A. Delong, in:, Springer, 2006, pp.
    409–422.
conference:
  name: 'ECCV: European Conference on Computer Vision'
date_created: 2018-12-11T12:01:53Z
date_published: 2006-04-28T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2021-01-12T07:41:39Z
day: '28'
doi: 10.1007/11744078_32
extern: 1
intvolume: '      3953'
month: '04'
page: 409 - 422
publication_status: published
publisher: Springer
publist_id: '3497'
quality_controlled: 0
status: public
title: An integral solution to surface evolution PDEs via geo cuts
type: conference
volume: 3953
year: '2006'
...
---
_id: '3188'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: 'We introduce the term cosegmentation which denotes the task of segmenting
    simultaneously the common parts of an image pair. A generative model for cosegmentation
    is presented. Inference in the model leads to minimizing an energy with an MRF
    term encoding spatial coherency and a global constraint which attempts to match
    the appearance histograms of the common parts. This energy has not been proposed
    previously and its optimization is challenging and NP-hard. For this problem a
    novel optimization scheme which we call trust region graph cuts is presented.
    We demonstrate that this framework has the potential to improve a wide range of
    research: Object driven image retrieval, video tracking and segmentation, and
    interactive image editing. The power of the framework lies in its generality,
    the common part can be a rigid/non-rigid object (or scene), observed from different
    viewpoints or even similar objects of the same class.'
author:
- first_name: Carsten
  full_name: Rother, Carsten
  last_name: Rother
- first_name: Vladimir
  full_name: Vladimir Kolmogorov
  id: 3D50B0BA-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Kolmogorov
- first_name: Thomas
  full_name: Minka, Thomas P
  last_name: Minka
- first_name: Andrew
  full_name: Blake, Andrew
  last_name: Blake
citation:
  ama: 'Rother C, Kolmogorov V, Minka T, Blake A. Cosegmentation of image pairs by
    histogram matching - Incorporating a global constraint into MRFs. In: IEEE; 2006:993-1000.
    doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1109/CVPR.2006.91">10.1109/CVPR.2006.91</a>'
  apa: 'Rother, C., Kolmogorov, V., Minka, T., &#38; Blake, A. (2006). Cosegmentation
    of image pairs by histogram matching - Incorporating a global constraint into
    MRFs (pp. 993–1000). Presented at the CVPR: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition,
    IEEE. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1109/CVPR.2006.91">https://doi.org/10.1109/CVPR.2006.91</a>'
  chicago: Rother, Carsten, Vladimir Kolmogorov, Thomas Minka, and Andrew Blake. “Cosegmentation
    of Image Pairs by Histogram Matching - Incorporating a Global Constraint into
    MRFs,” 993–1000. IEEE, 2006. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1109/CVPR.2006.91">https://doi.org/10.1109/CVPR.2006.91</a>.
  ieee: 'C. Rother, V. Kolmogorov, T. Minka, and A. Blake, “Cosegmentation of image
    pairs by histogram matching - Incorporating a global constraint into MRFs,” presented
    at the CVPR: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, 2006, pp. 993–1000.'
  ista: 'Rother C, Kolmogorov V, Minka T, Blake A. 2006. Cosegmentation of image pairs
    by histogram matching - Incorporating a global constraint into MRFs. CVPR: Computer
    Vision and Pattern Recognition, 993–1000.'
  mla: Rother, Carsten, et al. <i>Cosegmentation of Image Pairs by Histogram Matching
    - Incorporating a Global Constraint into MRFs</i>. IEEE, 2006, pp. 993–1000, doi:<a
    href="https://doi.org/10.1109/CVPR.2006.91">10.1109/CVPR.2006.91</a>.
  short: C. Rother, V. Kolmogorov, T. Minka, A. Blake, in:, IEEE, 2006, pp. 993–1000.
conference:
  name: 'CVPR: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition'
date_created: 2018-12-11T12:01:54Z
date_published: 2006-07-05T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2021-01-12T07:41:40Z
day: '05'
doi: 10.1109/CVPR.2006.91
extern: 1
month: '07'
page: 993 - 1000
publication_status: published
publisher: IEEE
publist_id: '3493'
quality_controlled: 0
status: public
title: Cosegmentation of image pairs by histogram matching - Incorporating a global
  constraint into MRFs
type: conference
year: '2006'
...
---
_id: '3189'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: This paper presents an algorithm capable of real-time separation of foreground
    from background in monocular video sequences. Automatic segmentation of layers
    from colour/contrast or from motion alone is known to be error-prone. Here motion,
    colour and contrast cues are probabilistically fused together with spatial and
    temporal priors to infer layers accurately and efficiently. Central to our algorithm
    is the fact that pixel velocities are not needed, thus removing the need for optical
    flow estimation, with its tendency to error and computational expense. Instead,
    an efficient motion vs non-motion classifier is trained to operate directly and
    jointly on intensity-change and contrast. Its output is then fused with colour
    information. The prior on segmentation is represented by a second order, temporal,
    Hidden Markov Model, together with a spatial MRF favouring coherence except where
    contrast is high. Finally, accurate layer segmentation and explicit occlusion
    detection are efficiently achieved by binary graph cut. The segmentation accuracy
    of the proposed algorithm is quantitatively evaluated with respect to existing
    ground-truth data and found to be comparable to the accuracy of a state of the
    art stereo segmentation algorithm. Fore-ground/background segmentation is demonstrated
    in the application of live background substitution and shown to generate convincingly
    good quality composite video.
author:
- first_name: Antonio
  full_name: Criminisi, Antonio
  last_name: Criminisi
- first_name: Geoffrey
  full_name: Cross, Geoffrey
  last_name: Cross
- first_name: Andrew
  full_name: Blake, Andrew
  last_name: Blake
- first_name: Vladimir
  full_name: Vladimir Kolmogorov
  id: 3D50B0BA-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Kolmogorov
citation:
  ama: 'Criminisi A, Cross G, Blake A, Kolmogorov V. Bilayer segmentation of live
    video. In: Vol 1. IEEE; 2006:53-60. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1109/CVPR.2006.69">10.1109/CVPR.2006.69</a>'
  apa: 'Criminisi, A., Cross, G., Blake, A., &#38; Kolmogorov, V. (2006). Bilayer
    segmentation of live video (Vol. 1, pp. 53–60). Presented at the CVPR: Computer
    Vision and Pattern Recognition, IEEE. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1109/CVPR.2006.69">https://doi.org/10.1109/CVPR.2006.69</a>'
  chicago: Criminisi, Antonio, Geoffrey Cross, Andrew Blake, and Vladimir Kolmogorov.
    “Bilayer Segmentation of Live Video,” 1:53–60. IEEE, 2006. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1109/CVPR.2006.69">https://doi.org/10.1109/CVPR.2006.69</a>.
  ieee: 'A. Criminisi, G. Cross, A. Blake, and V. Kolmogorov, “Bilayer segmentation
    of live video,” presented at the CVPR: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition,
    2006, vol. 1, pp. 53–60.'
  ista: 'Criminisi A, Cross G, Blake A, Kolmogorov V. 2006. Bilayer segmentation of
    live video. CVPR: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition vol. 1, 53–60.'
  mla: Criminisi, Antonio, et al. <i>Bilayer Segmentation of Live Video</i>. Vol.
    1, IEEE, 2006, pp. 53–60, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1109/CVPR.2006.69">10.1109/CVPR.2006.69</a>.
  short: A. Criminisi, G. Cross, A. Blake, V. Kolmogorov, in:, IEEE, 2006, pp. 53–60.
conference:
  name: 'CVPR: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition'
date_created: 2018-12-11T12:01:54Z
date_published: 2006-07-05T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2021-01-12T07:41:40Z
day: '05'
doi: 10.1109/CVPR.2006.69
extern: 1
intvolume: '         1'
main_file_link:
- open_access: '0'
  url: http://research.microsoft.com/en-us/um/people/ablake/papers/ablake/criminisi_cvpr06.pdf
month: '07'
page: 53 - 60
publication_status: published
publisher: IEEE
publist_id: '3494'
quality_controlled: 0
status: public
title: Bilayer segmentation of live video
type: conference
volume: 1
year: '2006'
...
---
_id: '3190'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: Algorithms for discrete energy minimization are of fundamental importance
    in computer vision. In this paper, we focus on the recent technique proposed by
    Wainwright et al. (Nov. 2005)- tree-reweighted max-product message passing (TRW).
    It was inspired by the problem of maximizing a lower bound on the energy. However,
    the algorithm is not guaranteed to increase this bound - it may actually go down.
    In addition, TRW does not always converge. We develop a modification of this algorithm
    which we call sequential tree-reweighted message passing. Its main property is
    that the bound is guaranteed not to decrease. We also give a weak tree agreement
    condition which characterizes local maxima of the bound with respect to TRW algorithms.
    We prove that our algorithm has a limit point that achieves weak tree agreement.
    Finally, we show that, our algorithm requires half as much memory as traditional
    message passing approaches. Experimental results demonstrate that on certain synthetic
    and real problems, our algorithm outperforms both the ordinary belief propagation
    and tree-reweighted algorithm in (M. J. Wainwright, et al., Nov. 2005). In addition,
    on stereo problems with Potts interactions, we obtain a lower energy than graph
    cuts.
author:
- first_name: Vladimir
  full_name: Vladimir Kolmogorov
  id: 3D50B0BA-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Kolmogorov
citation:
  ama: Kolmogorov V. Convergent tree reweighted message passing for energy minimization.
    <i>IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence</i>. 2006;28(10):1568-1583.
    doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1109/TPAMI.2006.200">10.1109/TPAMI.2006.200</a>
  apa: Kolmogorov, V. (2006). Convergent tree reweighted message passing for energy
    minimization. <i>IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence</i>.
    IEEE. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1109/TPAMI.2006.200">https://doi.org/10.1109/TPAMI.2006.200</a>
  chicago: Kolmogorov, Vladimir. “Convergent Tree Reweighted Message Passing for Energy
    Minimization.” <i>IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence</i>.
    IEEE, 2006. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1109/TPAMI.2006.200">https://doi.org/10.1109/TPAMI.2006.200</a>.
  ieee: V. Kolmogorov, “Convergent tree reweighted message passing for energy minimization,”
    <i>IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence</i>, vol. 28,
    no. 10. IEEE, pp. 1568–1583, 2006.
  ista: Kolmogorov V. 2006. Convergent tree reweighted message passing for energy
    minimization. IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence.
    28(10), 1568–1583.
  mla: Kolmogorov, Vladimir. “Convergent Tree Reweighted Message Passing for Energy
    Minimization.” <i>IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence</i>,
    vol. 28, no. 10, IEEE, 2006, pp. 1568–83, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1109/TPAMI.2006.200">10.1109/TPAMI.2006.200</a>.
  short: V. Kolmogorov, IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
    28 (2006) 1568–1583.
date_created: 2018-12-11T12:01:55Z
date_published: 2006-08-21T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2021-01-12T07:41:41Z
day: '21'
doi: 10.1109/TPAMI.2006.200
extern: 1
intvolume: '        28'
issue: '10'
main_file_link:
- open_access: '0'
  url: http://research.microsoft.com/pubs/67371/trw_maxproduct_aistats05.pdf
month: '08'
page: 1568 - 1583
publication: IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
publication_status: published
publisher: IEEE
publist_id: '3495'
quality_controlled: 0
status: public
title: Convergent tree reweighted message passing for energy minimization
type: journal_article
volume: 28
year: '2006'
...
---
_id: '3214'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: |-
    The Feistel-network is a popular structure underlying many block-ciphers where the cipher is constructed from many simpler rounds, each defined by some function which is derived from the secret key.
    Luby and Rackoff showed that the three-round Feistel-network – each round instantiated with a pseudorandom function secure against adaptive chosen plaintext attacks (CPA) – is a CPA secure pseudorandom permutation, thus giving some confidence in the soundness of using a Feistel-network to design block-ciphers.
    But the round functions used in actual block-ciphers are – for efficiency reasons – far from being pseudorandom. We investigate the security of the Feistel-network against CPA distinguishers when the only security guarantee we have for the round functions is that they are secure against non-adaptive chosen plaintext attacks (nCPA). We show that in the information-theoretic setting, four rounds with nCPA secure round functions are sufficient (and necessary) to get a CPA secure permutation. Unfortunately, this result does not translate into the more interesting pseudorandom setting. In fact, under the so-called Inverse Decisional Diffie-Hellman assumption the Feistel-network with four rounds, each instantiated with a nCPA secure pseudorandom function, is in general not a CPA secure pseudorandom permutation.
acknowledgement: Most of this work was done while the K. Pietrzak was a PhD student
  at ETH where he was supported by the Swiss National Science Foundation, project
  No. 200020- 103847/1. Currently he is partially supported by the Commission of the
  European Communities through the IST program under contract IST-2002-507932 ECRYPT.
alternative_title:
- LNCS
author:
- first_name: Ueli
  full_name: Maurer, Ueli M
  last_name: Maurer
- first_name: Yvonne
  full_name: Oswald, Yvonne A
  last_name: Oswald
- first_name: Krzysztof Z
  full_name: Krzysztof Pietrzak
  id: 3E04A7AA-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Pietrzak
  orcid: 0000-0002-9139-1654
- first_name: Johan
  full_name: Sjödin,  Johan
  last_name: Sjödin
citation:
  ama: 'Maurer U, Oswald Y, Pietrzak KZ, Sjödin J. Luby Rackoff ciphers from weak
    round functions . In: Vol 4004. Springer; 2006:391-408. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/11761679_24">10.1007/11761679_24</a>'
  apa: 'Maurer, U., Oswald, Y., Pietrzak, K. Z., &#38; Sjödin, J. (2006). Luby Rackoff
    ciphers from weak round functions  (Vol. 4004, pp. 391–408). Presented at the
    EUROCRYPT: Theory and Applications of Cryptographic Techniques, Springer. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/11761679_24">https://doi.org/10.1007/11761679_24</a>'
  chicago: Maurer, Ueli, Yvonne Oswald, Krzysztof Z Pietrzak, and Johan Sjödin. “Luby
    Rackoff Ciphers from Weak Round Functions ,” 4004:391–408. Springer, 2006. <a
    href="https://doi.org/10.1007/11761679_24">https://doi.org/10.1007/11761679_24</a>.
  ieee: 'U. Maurer, Y. Oswald, K. Z. Pietrzak, and J. Sjödin, “Luby Rackoff ciphers
    from weak round functions ,” presented at the EUROCRYPT: Theory and Applications
    of Cryptographic Techniques, 2006, vol. 4004, pp. 391–408.'
  ista: 'Maurer U, Oswald Y, Pietrzak KZ, Sjödin J. 2006. Luby Rackoff ciphers from
    weak round functions . EUROCRYPT: Theory and Applications of Cryptographic Techniques,
    LNCS, vol. 4004, 391–408.'
  mla: Maurer, Ueli, et al. <i>Luby Rackoff Ciphers from Weak Round Functions </i>.
    Vol. 4004, Springer, 2006, pp. 391–408, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/11761679_24">10.1007/11761679_24</a>.
  short: U. Maurer, Y. Oswald, K.Z. Pietrzak, J. Sjödin, in:, Springer, 2006, pp.
    391–408.
conference:
  name: 'EUROCRYPT: Theory and Applications of Cryptographic Techniques'
date_created: 2018-12-11T12:02:03Z
date_published: 2006-07-11T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2021-01-12T07:41:51Z
day: '11'
doi: 10.1007/11761679_24
extern: 1
intvolume: '      4004'
month: '07'
page: 391 - 408
publication_status: published
publisher: Springer
publist_id: '3465'
quality_controlled: 0
status: public
title: 'Luby Rackoff ciphers from weak round functions '
type: conference
volume: 4004
year: '2006'
...
---
_id: '3215'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: 'Most cryptographic primitives such as encryption, authentication or secret
    sharing require randomness. Usually one assumes that perfect randomness is available,
    but those primitives might also be realized under weaker assumptions. In this
    work we continue the study of building secure cryptographic primitives from imperfect
    random sources initiated by Dodis and Spencer (FOCS’02). Their main result shows
    that there exists a (high-entropy) source of randomness allowing for perfect encryption
    of a bit, and yet from which one cannot extract even a single weakly random bit,
    separating encryption from extraction. Our main result separates encryption from
    2-out-2 secret sharing (both in the information-theoretic and in the computational
    settings): any source which can be used to achieve one-bit encryption also can
    be used for 2-out-2 secret sharing of one bit, but the converse is false, even
    for high-entropy sources. Therefore, possibility of extraction strictly implies
    encryption, which in turn strictly implies 2-out-2 secret sharing.'
acknowledgement: Supported in part by NSF career award CCR-0133806 and NSF grant CCR-0311095.
  Supported by the Swiss National Science Foundation, project No. 200020-103847/1.
alternative_title:
- LNCS
author:
- first_name: Yevgeniy
  full_name: Dodis, Yevgeniy
  last_name: Dodis
- first_name: Krzysztof Z
  full_name: Krzysztof Pietrzak
  id: 3E04A7AA-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Pietrzak
  orcid: 0000-0002-9139-1654
- first_name: Bartosz
  full_name: Przydatek, Bartosz
  last_name: Przydatek
citation:
  ama: 'Dodis Y, Pietrzak KZ, Przydatek B. Separating sources for encryption and secret
    sharing. In: Vol 3876. Springer; 2006:601-616. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/11681878_31">10.1007/11681878_31</a>'
  apa: 'Dodis, Y., Pietrzak, K. Z., &#38; Przydatek, B. (2006). Separating sources
    for encryption and secret sharing (Vol. 3876, pp. 601–616). Presented at the TCC:
    Theory of Cryptography Conference, Springer. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/11681878_31">https://doi.org/10.1007/11681878_31</a>'
  chicago: Dodis, Yevgeniy, Krzysztof Z Pietrzak, and Bartosz Przydatek. “Separating
    Sources for Encryption and Secret Sharing,” 3876:601–16. Springer, 2006. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/11681878_31">https://doi.org/10.1007/11681878_31</a>.
  ieee: 'Y. Dodis, K. Z. Pietrzak, and B. Przydatek, “Separating sources for encryption
    and secret sharing,” presented at the TCC: Theory of Cryptography Conference,
    2006, vol. 3876, pp. 601–616.'
  ista: 'Dodis Y, Pietrzak KZ, Przydatek B. 2006. Separating sources for encryption
    and secret sharing. TCC: Theory of Cryptography Conference, LNCS, vol. 3876, 601–616.'
  mla: Dodis, Yevgeniy, et al. <i>Separating Sources for Encryption and Secret Sharing</i>.
    Vol. 3876, Springer, 2006, pp. 601–16, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/11681878_31">10.1007/11681878_31</a>.
  short: Y. Dodis, K.Z. Pietrzak, B. Przydatek, in:, Springer, 2006, pp. 601–616.
conference:
  name: 'TCC: Theory of Cryptography Conference'
date_created: 2018-12-11T12:02:04Z
date_published: 2006-04-11T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2021-01-12T07:41:51Z
day: '11'
doi: 10.1007/11681878_31
extern: 1
intvolume: '      3876'
month: '04'
page: 601 - 616
publication_status: published
publisher: Springer
publist_id: '3466'
quality_controlled: 0
status: public
title: Separating sources for encryption and secret sharing
type: conference
volume: 3876
year: '2006'
...
---
_id: '3216'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: |-
    We prove a new upper bound on the advantage of any adversary for distinguishing the encrypted CBC-MAC (EMAC) based on random permutations from a random function. Our proof uses techniques recently introduced in [BPR05], which again were inspired by [DGH + 04].
    The bound we prove is tight — in the sense that it matches the advantage of known attacks up to a constant factor — for a wide range of the parameters: let n denote the block-size, q the number of queries the adversary is allowed to make and ℓ an upper bound on the length (i.e. number of blocks) of the messages, then for ℓ ≤ 2 n/8 and q≥ł2 the advantage is in the order of q 2/2 n (and in particular independent of ℓ). This improves on the previous bound of q 2ℓΘ(1/ln ln ℓ)/2 n from [BPR05] and matches the trivial attack (which thus is basically optimal) where one simply asks random queries until a collision is found.
acknowledgement: Part of this work is supported by the Commission of the European
  Communities through the IST program under contract IST-2002-507932 ECRYPT.
alternative_title:
- LNCS
author:
- first_name: Krzysztof Z
  full_name: Krzysztof Pietrzak
  id: 3E04A7AA-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Pietrzak
  orcid: 0000-0002-9139-1654
citation:
  ama: 'Pietrzak KZ. A tight bound for EMAC. In: Vol 4052. Springer; 2006:168-179.
    doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/11787006_15">10.1007/11787006_15</a>'
  apa: 'Pietrzak, K. Z. (2006). A tight bound for EMAC (Vol. 4052, pp. 168–179). Presented
    at the ICALP: Automata, Languages and Programming, Springer. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/11787006_15">https://doi.org/10.1007/11787006_15</a>'
  chicago: Pietrzak, Krzysztof Z. “A Tight Bound for EMAC,” 4052:168–79. Springer,
    2006. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/11787006_15">https://doi.org/10.1007/11787006_15</a>.
  ieee: 'K. Z. Pietrzak, “A tight bound for EMAC,” presented at the ICALP: Automata,
    Languages and Programming, 2006, vol. 4052, pp. 168–179.'
  ista: 'Pietrzak KZ. 2006. A tight bound for EMAC. ICALP: Automata, Languages and
    Programming, LNCS, vol. 4052, 168–179.'
  mla: Pietrzak, Krzysztof Z. <i>A Tight Bound for EMAC</i>. Vol. 4052, Springer,
    2006, pp. 168–79, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/11787006_15">10.1007/11787006_15</a>.
  short: K.Z. Pietrzak, in:, Springer, 2006, pp. 168–179.
conference:
  name: 'ICALP: Automata, Languages and Programming'
date_created: 2018-12-11T12:02:04Z
date_published: 2006-07-28T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2021-01-12T07:41:52Z
day: '28'
doi: 10.1007/11787006_15
extern: 1
intvolume: '      4052'
month: '07'
page: 168 - 179
publication_status: published
publisher: Springer
publist_id: '3463'
quality_controlled: 0
status: public
title: A tight bound for EMAC
type: conference
volume: 4052
year: '2006'
...
---
_id: '3217'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: |-
    To prove that a secure key-agreement protocol exists one must at least show P ≠NP. Moreover any proof that the sequential composition of two non-adaptively secure pseudorandom functions is secure against at least two adaptive queries must falsify the decisional Diffie-Hellman assumption, a standard assumption from public-key cryptography. Hence proving any of this two seemingly unrelated statements would require a significant breakthrough. We show that at least one of the two statements is true.
    To our knowledge this gives the first positive cryptographic result (namely that composition implies some weak adaptive security) which holds in Minicrypt, but not in Cryptomania, i.e. under the assumption that one-way functions exist, but public-key cryptography does not.
acknowledgement: Author was supported during the writing of this work by the Swiss
  National Science Foundation, project No. 200020-103847/1. Part of this work is supported
  by the Commission of the European Communities through the IST program under contract
  IST-2002-507932
alternative_title:
- LNCS
author:
- first_name: Krzysztof Z
  full_name: Krzysztof Pietrzak
  id: 3E04A7AA-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Pietrzak
  orcid: 0000-0002-9139-1654
citation:
  ama: 'Pietrzak KZ. Composition implies adaptive security in minicrypt. In: Vol 4004.
    Springer; 2006:328-338. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/11761679_20">10.1007/11761679_20</a>'
  apa: 'Pietrzak, K. Z. (2006). Composition implies adaptive security in minicrypt
    (Vol. 4004, pp. 328–338). Presented at the EUROCRYPT: Theory and Applications
    of Cryptographic Techniques, Springer. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/11761679_20">https://doi.org/10.1007/11761679_20</a>'
  chicago: Pietrzak, Krzysztof Z. “Composition Implies Adaptive Security in Minicrypt,”
    4004:328–38. Springer, 2006. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/11761679_20">https://doi.org/10.1007/11761679_20</a>.
  ieee: 'K. Z. Pietrzak, “Composition implies adaptive security in minicrypt,” presented
    at the EUROCRYPT: Theory and Applications of Cryptographic Techniques, 2006, vol.
    4004, pp. 328–338.'
  ista: 'Pietrzak KZ. 2006. Composition implies adaptive security in minicrypt. EUROCRYPT:
    Theory and Applications of Cryptographic Techniques, LNCS, vol. 4004, 328–338.'
  mla: Pietrzak, Krzysztof Z. <i>Composition Implies Adaptive Security in Minicrypt</i>.
    Vol. 4004, Springer, 2006, pp. 328–38, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/11761679_20">10.1007/11761679_20</a>.
  short: K.Z. Pietrzak, in:, Springer, 2006, pp. 328–338.
conference:
  name: 'EUROCRYPT: Theory and Applications of Cryptographic Techniques'
date_created: 2018-12-11T12:02:04Z
date_published: 2006-07-11T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2021-01-12T07:41:52Z
day: '11'
doi: 10.1007/11761679_20
extern: 1
intvolume: '      4004'
month: '07'
page: 328 - 338
publication_status: published
publisher: Springer
publist_id: '3464'
quality_controlled: 0
status: public
title: Composition implies adaptive security in minicrypt
type: conference
volume: 4004
year: '2006'
...
---
_id: '11117'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: Over the last years it has become evident that the nuclear envelope (NE) is
    more than a passive membrane barrier that separates the nucleus from the cytoplasm.
    The NE not only controls the trafficking of macromolecules between the nucleoplasm
    and the cytosol, but also provides anchoring sites for chromosomes and cytoskeleton
    to the nuclear periphery. Targeting of chromatin to the NE might actually be part
    of gene expression regulation in eukaryotes. Mutations in certain NE proteins
    are associated with a diversity of human diseases, including muscular dystrophy,
    neuropathy, lipodistrophy, torsion dystonia and the premature aging condition
    progeria. Despite the importance of the NE for cell division and differentiation,
    relatively little is known about its biogenesis and its role in human diseases.
    It is our goal to provide a comprehensive view of the NE and to discuss possible
    implications of NE-associated changes for gene expression, chromatin organization
    and signal transduction.
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: review
author:
- first_name: M. A.
  full_name: D’Angelo, M. A.
  last_name: D’Angelo
- first_name: Martin W
  full_name: HETZER, Martin W
  id: 86c0d31b-b4eb-11ec-ac5a-eae7b2e135ed
  last_name: HETZER
  orcid: 0000-0002-2111-992X
citation:
  ama: D’Angelo MA, Hetzer M. The role of the nuclear envelope in cellular organization.
    <i>Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences</i>. 2006;63(3):316-332. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s00018-005-5361-3">10.1007/s00018-005-5361-3</a>
  apa: D’Angelo, M. A., &#38; Hetzer, M. (2006). The role of the nuclear envelope
    in cellular organization. <i>Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences</i>. Springer
    Nature. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s00018-005-5361-3">https://doi.org/10.1007/s00018-005-5361-3</a>
  chicago: D’Angelo, M. A., and Martin Hetzer. “The Role of the Nuclear Envelope in
    Cellular Organization.” <i>Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences</i>. Springer
    Nature, 2006. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s00018-005-5361-3">https://doi.org/10.1007/s00018-005-5361-3</a>.
  ieee: M. A. D’Angelo and M. Hetzer, “The role of the nuclear envelope in cellular
    organization,” <i>Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences</i>, vol. 63, no. 3. Springer
    Nature, pp. 316–332, 2006.
  ista: D’Angelo MA, Hetzer M. 2006. The role of the nuclear envelope in cellular
    organization. Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences. 63(3), 316–332.
  mla: D’Angelo, M. A., and Martin Hetzer. “The Role of the Nuclear Envelope in Cellular
    Organization.” <i>Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences</i>, vol. 63, no. 3, Springer
    Nature, 2006, pp. 316–32, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s00018-005-5361-3">10.1007/s00018-005-5361-3</a>.
  short: M.A. D’Angelo, M. Hetzer, Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences 63 (2006)
    316–332.
date_created: 2022-04-07T07:56:22Z
date_published: 2006-01-02T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2022-07-18T08:56:58Z
day: '02'
doi: 10.1007/s00018-005-5361-3
extern: '1'
external_id:
  pmid:
  - '16389459'
intvolume: '        63'
issue: '3'
keyword:
- Cell Biology
- Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience
- Pharmacology
- Molecular Biology
- Molecular Medicine
language:
- iso: eng
month: '01'
oa_version: None
page: 316-332
pmid: 1
publication: Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences
publication_identifier:
  eissn:
  - 1420-9071
  issn:
  - 1420-682X
publication_status: published
publisher: Springer Nature
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: The role of the nuclear envelope in cellular organization
type: journal_article
user_id: 72615eeb-f1f3-11ec-aa25-d4573ddc34fd
volume: 63
year: '2006'
...
---
_id: '11118'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: Nuclear pore complexes are multiprotein channels that span the double lipid
    bilayer of the nuclear envelope. How new pores are inserted into the intact nuclear
    envelope of proliferating and differentiating eukaryotic cells is unknown. We
    found that the Nup107-160 complex was incorporated into assembly sites in the
    nuclear envelope from both the nucleoplasmic and the cytoplasmic sides. Nuclear
    pore insertion required the generation of Ran guanosine triphosphate in the nuclear
    and cytoplasmic compartments. Newly formed nuclear pore complexes did not contain
    structural components of preexisting pores, suggesting that they can form de novo.
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Maximiliano A.
  full_name: D'Angelo, Maximiliano A.
  last_name: D'Angelo
- first_name: Daniel J.
  full_name: Anderson, Daniel J.
  last_name: Anderson
- first_name: Erin
  full_name: Richard, Erin
  last_name: Richard
- first_name: Martin W
  full_name: HETZER, Martin W
  id: 86c0d31b-b4eb-11ec-ac5a-eae7b2e135ed
  last_name: HETZER
  orcid: 0000-0002-2111-992X
citation:
  ama: D’Angelo MA, Anderson DJ, Richard E, Hetzer M. Nuclear pores form de novo from
    both sides of the nuclear envelope. <i>Science</i>. 2006;312(5772):440-443. doi:<a
    href="https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1124196">10.1126/science.1124196</a>
  apa: D’Angelo, M. A., Anderson, D. J., Richard, E., &#38; Hetzer, M. (2006). Nuclear
    pores form de novo from both sides of the nuclear envelope. <i>Science</i>. American
    Association for the Advancement of Science. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1124196">https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1124196</a>
  chicago: D’Angelo, Maximiliano A., Daniel J. Anderson, Erin Richard, and Martin
    Hetzer. “Nuclear Pores Form de Novo from Both Sides of the Nuclear Envelope.”
    <i>Science</i>. American Association for the Advancement of Science, 2006. <a
    href="https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1124196">https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1124196</a>.
  ieee: M. A. D’Angelo, D. J. Anderson, E. Richard, and M. Hetzer, “Nuclear pores
    form de novo from both sides of the nuclear envelope,” <i>Science</i>, vol. 312,
    no. 5772. American Association for the Advancement of Science, pp. 440–443, 2006.
  ista: D’Angelo MA, Anderson DJ, Richard E, Hetzer M. 2006. Nuclear pores form de
    novo from both sides of the nuclear envelope. Science. 312(5772), 440–443.
  mla: D’Angelo, Maximiliano A., et al. “Nuclear Pores Form de Novo from Both Sides
    of the Nuclear Envelope.” <i>Science</i>, vol. 312, no. 5772, American Association
    for the Advancement of Science, 2006, pp. 440–43, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1124196">10.1126/science.1124196</a>.
  short: M.A. D’Angelo, D.J. Anderson, E. Richard, M. Hetzer, Science 312 (2006) 440–443.
date_created: 2022-04-07T07:56:32Z
date_published: 2006-04-21T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2022-07-18T08:57:04Z
day: '21'
doi: 10.1126/science.1124196
extern: '1'
external_id:
  pmid:
  - '16627745'
intvolume: '       312'
issue: '5772'
keyword:
- Multidisciplinary
language:
- iso: eng
month: '04'
oa_version: None
page: 440-443
pmid: 1
publication: Science
publication_identifier:
  issn:
  - 0036-8075
  - 1095-9203
publication_status: published
publisher: American Association for the Advancement of Science
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: Nuclear pores form de novo from both sides of the nuclear envelope
type: journal_article
user_id: 72615eeb-f1f3-11ec-aa25-d4573ddc34fd
volume: 312
year: '2006'
...
---
_id: '11119'
article_processing_charge: No
author:
- first_name: J. Robin
  full_name: Harris, J. Robin
  last_name: Harris
- first_name: Geneviève
  full_name: Almouzni, Geneviève
  last_name: Almouzni
- first_name: Doris
  full_name: Kirschner, Doris
  last_name: Kirschner
- first_name: Daniela
  full_name: Dimitrova, Daniela
  last_name: Dimitrova
- first_name: Jeffrey A.
  full_name: Nickerson, Jeffrey A.
  last_name: Nickerson
- first_name: Jean
  full_name: Underwood, Jean
  last_name: Underwood
- first_name: Stefan
  full_name: Wagner, Stefan
  last_name: Wagner
- first_name: Barbara
  full_name: Korbei, Barbara
  last_name: Korbei
- first_name: Roland
  full_name: Foisner, Roland
  last_name: Foisner
- first_name: Tobias C.
  full_name: Walther, Tobias C.
  last_name: Walther
- first_name: Martin W
  full_name: HETZER, Martin W
  id: 86c0d31b-b4eb-11ec-ac5a-eae7b2e135ed
  last_name: HETZER
  orcid: 0000-0002-2111-992X
- first_name: Reiner
  full_name: Peters, Reiner
  last_name: Peters
- first_name: Ivan
  full_name: Walev, Ivan
  last_name: Walev
- first_name: Anton I. P. M.
  full_name: de Kroon, Anton I. P. M.
  last_name: de Kroon
- first_name: Rutger W. H. M.
  full_name: Staffhorst, Rutger W. H. M.
  last_name: Staffhorst
- first_name: Ben
  full_name: de Kruijff, Ben
  last_name: de Kruijff
- first_name: Koert N. J.
  full_name: Burger, Koert N. J.
  last_name: Burger
- first_name: Luis Eduardo Soares
  full_name: Netto, Luis Eduardo Soares
  last_name: Netto
- first_name: Eric
  full_name: Bertrand, Eric
  last_name: Bertrand
- first_name: Judie B.
  full_name: Alimonti, Judie B.
  last_name: Alimonti
- first_name: Arnold H.
  full_name: Greenberg, Arnold H.
  last_name: Greenberg
- first_name: Jinnan
  full_name: Xiao, Jinnan
  last_name: Xiao
- first_name: Anuradha
  full_name: Pradhan, Anuradha
  last_name: Pradhan
- first_name: Yuechueng
  full_name: Liu, Yuechueng
  last_name: Liu
- first_name: Jacques
  full_name: Paiement, Jacques
  last_name: Paiement
- first_name: Robin
  full_name: Young, Robin
  last_name: Young
- first_name: Félix M.
  full_name: Goñi, Félix M.
  last_name: Goñi
- first_name: Ana-Victoria
  full_name: Villar, Ana-Victoria
  last_name: Villar
- first_name: F.-Xabier
  full_name: Contreras, F.-Xabier
  last_name: Contreras
- first_name: Alicia
  full_name: Alonso, Alicia
  last_name: Alonso
- first_name: Brian J.
  full_name: Peter, Brian J.
  last_name: Peter
- first_name: Ian G.
  full_name: Mills, Ian G.
  last_name: Mills
- first_name: Matthew K.
  full_name: Higgins, Matthew K.
  last_name: Higgins
- first_name: William J.
  full_name: Brown, William J.
  last_name: Brown
- first_name: K.
  full_name: Chambers, K.
  last_name: Chambers
- first_name: A.
  full_name: Doody, A.
  last_name: Doody
- first_name: C. Yan
  full_name: Cheng, C. Yan
  last_name: Cheng
- first_name: Dolores D.
  full_name: Mruk, Dolores D.
  last_name: Mruk
- first_name: Chunhong
  full_name: Yang, Chunhong
  last_name: Yang
- first_name: Helmut
  full_name: Kirchhoff, Helmut
  last_name: Kirchhoff
- first_name: Winfried
  full_name: Haase, Winfried
  last_name: Haase
- first_name: Stephanie
  full_name: Boggasch, Stephanie
  last_name: Boggasch
- first_name: Harald
  full_name: Paulsen, Harald
  last_name: Paulsen
- first_name: Julie
  full_name: Benesova, Julie
  last_name: Benesova
- first_name: Sven-T.
  full_name: Liffers, Sven-T.
  last_name: Liffers
- first_name: Matthias
  full_name: Rögner, Matthias
  last_name: Rögner
- first_name: Ya-sheng
  full_name: Gao, Ya-sheng
  last_name: Gao
- first_name: Elizabeth
  full_name: Sztul, Elizabeth
  last_name: Sztul
- first_name: Meinolf
  full_name: Thiemann, Meinolf
  last_name: Thiemann
- first_name: H. Dariush
  full_name: Fahimi, H. Dariush
  last_name: Fahimi
- first_name: Robert
  full_name: Gniadecki, Robert
  last_name: Gniadecki
- first_name: Barbara
  full_name: Gajkowska, Barbara
  last_name: Gajkowska
- first_name: Susan L.
  full_name: Bane, Susan L.
  last_name: Bane
- first_name: John F.
  full_name: Hess, John F.
  last_name: Hess
- first_name: John C.
  full_name: Voss, John C.
  last_name: Voss
- first_name: Paul G.
  full_name: Fitzgerald, Paul G.
  last_name: Fitzgerald
- first_name: Shin-ichi
  full_name: Hisanaga, Shin-ichi
  last_name: Hisanaga
- first_name: Takahiro
  full_name: Sasaki, Takahiro
  last_name: Sasaki
- first_name: Kenji
  full_name: Uéda, Kenji
  last_name: Uéda
- first_name: Terrence
  full_name: Town, Terrence
  last_name: Town
- first_name: Jun
  full_name: Tan, Jun
  last_name: Tan
- first_name: Nathaniel G. N.
  full_name: Milton, Nathaniel G. N.
  last_name: Milton
- first_name: Richard
  full_name: Chi, Richard
  last_name: Chi
- first_name: Thomas C. S.
  full_name: Keller, Thomas C. S.
  last_name: Keller
- first_name: Marina
  full_name: Kriajevska, Marina
  last_name: Kriajevska
- first_name: Igor
  full_name: Bronstein, Igor
  last_name: Bronstein
- first_name: Eugene
  full_name: Lukanidin, Eugene
  last_name: Lukanidin
- first_name: David F.
  full_name: Holmes, David F.
  last_name: Holmes
- first_name: Karl E.
  full_name: Kadler, Karl E.
  last_name: Kadler
citation:
  ama: 'Harris JR, Almouzni G, Kirschner D, et al. In Vitro Techniques. In: Harris
    R, Graham J, Rickwood D, eds. <i>Cell Biology Protocols</i>. Chichester, UK: Wiley;
    2006:201-378. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/0470033487.ch6">10.1002/0470033487.ch6</a>'
  apa: 'Harris, J. R., Almouzni, G., Kirschner, D., Dimitrova, D., Nickerson, J. A.,
    Underwood, J., … Kadler, K. E. (2006). In Vitro Techniques. In R. Harris, J. Graham,
    &#38; D. Rickwood (Eds.), <i>Cell Biology Protocols</i> (pp. 201–378). Chichester,
    UK: Wiley. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/0470033487.ch6">https://doi.org/10.1002/0470033487.ch6</a>'
  chicago: 'Harris, J. Robin, Geneviève Almouzni, Doris Kirschner, Daniela Dimitrova,
    Jeffrey A. Nickerson, Jean Underwood, Stefan Wagner, et al. “In Vitro Techniques.”
    In <i>Cell Biology Protocols</i>, edited by Robin Harris, John Graham, and David
    Rickwood, 201–378. Chichester, UK: Wiley, 2006. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/0470033487.ch6">https://doi.org/10.1002/0470033487.ch6</a>.'
  ieee: 'J. R. Harris <i>et al.</i>, “In Vitro Techniques,” in <i>Cell Biology Protocols</i>,
    R. Harris, J. Graham, and D. Rickwood, Eds. Chichester, UK: Wiley, 2006, pp. 201–378.'
  ista: 'Harris JR, Almouzni G, Kirschner D, Dimitrova D, Nickerson JA, Underwood
    J, Wagner S, Korbei B, Foisner R, Walther TC, Hetzer M, Peters R, Walev I, de
    Kroon AIPM, Staffhorst RWHM, de Kruijff B, Burger KNJ, Netto LES, Bertrand E,
    Alimonti JB, Greenberg AH, Xiao J, Pradhan A, Liu Y, Paiement J, Young R, Goñi
    FM, Villar A-V, Contreras F-X, Alonso A, Peter BJ, Mills IG, Higgins MK, Brown
    WJ, Chambers K, Doody A, Cheng CY, Mruk DD, Yang C, Kirchhoff H, Haase W, Boggasch
    S, Paulsen H, Benesova J, Liffers S-T, Rögner M, Gao Y, Sztul E, Thiemann M, Fahimi
    HD, Gniadecki R, Gajkowska B, Bane SL, Hess JF, Voss JC, Fitzgerald PG, Hisanaga
    S, Sasaki T, Uéda K, Town T, Tan J, Milton NGN, Chi R, Keller TCS, Kriajevska
    M, Bronstein I, Lukanidin E, Holmes DF, Kadler KE. 2006.In Vitro Techniques. In:
    Cell Biology Protocols. , 201–378.'
  mla: Harris, J. Robin, et al. “In Vitro Techniques.” <i>Cell Biology Protocols</i>,
    edited by Robin Harris et al., Wiley, 2006, pp. 201–378, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/0470033487.ch6">10.1002/0470033487.ch6</a>.
  short: J.R. Harris, G. Almouzni, D. Kirschner, D. Dimitrova, J.A. Nickerson, J.
    Underwood, S. Wagner, B. Korbei, R. Foisner, T.C. Walther, M. Hetzer, R. Peters,
    I. Walev, A.I.P.M. de Kroon, R.W.H.M. Staffhorst, B. de Kruijff, K.N.J. Burger,
    L.E.S. Netto, E. Bertrand, J.B. Alimonti, A.H. Greenberg, J. Xiao, A. Pradhan,
    Y. Liu, J. Paiement, R. Young, F.M. Goñi, A.-V. Villar, F.-X. Contreras, A. Alonso,
    B.J. Peter, I.G. Mills, M.K. Higgins, W.J. Brown, K. Chambers, A. Doody, C.Y.
    Cheng, D.D. Mruk, C. Yang, H. Kirchhoff, W. Haase, S. Boggasch, H. Paulsen, J.
    Benesova, S.-T. Liffers, M. Rögner, Y. Gao, E. Sztul, M. Thiemann, H.D. Fahimi,
    R. Gniadecki, B. Gajkowska, S.L. Bane, J.F. Hess, J.C. Voss, P.G. Fitzgerald,
    S. Hisanaga, T. Sasaki, K. Uéda, T. Town, J. Tan, N.G.N. Milton, R. Chi, T.C.S.
    Keller, M. Kriajevska, I. Bronstein, E. Lukanidin, D.F. Holmes, K.E. Kadler, in:,
    R. Harris, J. Graham, D. Rickwood (Eds.), Cell Biology Protocols, Wiley, Chichester,
    UK, 2006, pp. 201–378.
date_created: 2022-04-07T07:56:42Z
date_published: 2006-01-27T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2022-07-18T08:57:08Z
day: '27'
doi: 10.1002/0470033487.ch6
editor:
- first_name: Robin
  full_name: Harris, Robin
  last_name: Harris
- first_name: John
  full_name: Graham, John
  last_name: Graham
- first_name: David
  full_name: Rickwood, David
  last_name: Rickwood
extern: '1'
language:
- iso: eng
month: '01'
oa_version: None
page: 201-378
place: Chichester, UK
publication: Cell Biology Protocols
publication_identifier:
  eisbn:
  - '9780470033487 '
  isbn:
  - '9780470847589 '
publication_status: published
publisher: Wiley
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: In Vitro Techniques
type: book_chapter
user_id: 72615eeb-f1f3-11ec-aa25-d4573ddc34fd
year: '2006'
...
---
_id: '8488'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: We demonstrate for different protein samples that three-dimensional HNCO and
    HNCA correlation spectra may be recorded in a few minutes acquisition time using
    the band-selective excitation short-transient sequences presented here. This opens
    new perspectives for the NMR structural investigation of unstable protein samples
    and real-time site-resolved studies of protein kinetics.
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Paul
  full_name: Schanda, Paul
  id: 7B541462-FAF6-11E9-A490-E8DFE5697425
  last_name: Schanda
  orcid: 0000-0002-9350-7606
- first_name: Hélène
  full_name: Van Melckebeke, Hélène
  last_name: Van Melckebeke
- first_name: Bernhard
  full_name: Brutscher, Bernhard
  last_name: Brutscher
citation:
  ama: Schanda P, Van Melckebeke H, Brutscher B. Speeding up three-dimensional protein
    NMR experiments to a few minutes. <i>Journal of the American Chemical Society</i>.
    2006;128(28):9042-9043. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1021/ja062025p">10.1021/ja062025p</a>
  apa: Schanda, P., Van Melckebeke, H., &#38; Brutscher, B. (2006). Speeding up three-dimensional
    protein NMR experiments to a few minutes. <i>Journal of the American Chemical
    Society</i>. American Chemical Society. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1021/ja062025p">https://doi.org/10.1021/ja062025p</a>
  chicago: Schanda, Paul, Hélène Van Melckebeke, and Bernhard Brutscher. “Speeding
    up Three-Dimensional Protein NMR Experiments to a Few Minutes.” <i>Journal of
    the American Chemical Society</i>. American Chemical Society, 2006. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1021/ja062025p">https://doi.org/10.1021/ja062025p</a>.
  ieee: P. Schanda, H. Van Melckebeke, and B. Brutscher, “Speeding up three-dimensional
    protein NMR experiments to a few minutes,” <i>Journal of the American Chemical
    Society</i>, vol. 128, no. 28. American Chemical Society, pp. 9042–9043, 2006.
  ista: Schanda P, Van Melckebeke H, Brutscher B. 2006. Speeding up three-dimensional
    protein NMR experiments to a few minutes. Journal of the American Chemical Society.
    128(28), 9042–9043.
  mla: Schanda, Paul, et al. “Speeding up Three-Dimensional Protein NMR Experiments
    to a Few Minutes.” <i>Journal of the American Chemical Society</i>, vol. 128,
    no. 28, American Chemical Society, 2006, pp. 9042–43, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1021/ja062025p">10.1021/ja062025p</a>.
  short: P. Schanda, H. Van Melckebeke, B. Brutscher, Journal of the American Chemical
    Society 128 (2006) 9042–9043.
date_created: 2020-09-18T10:13:36Z
date_published: 2006-06-21T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2021-01-12T08:19:37Z
day: '21'
doi: 10.1021/ja062025p
extern: '1'
intvolume: '       128'
issue: '28'
keyword:
- Colloid and Surface Chemistry
- Biochemistry
- General Chemistry
- Catalysis
language:
- iso: eng
month: '06'
oa_version: None
page: 9042-9043
publication: Journal of the American Chemical Society
publication_identifier:
  issn:
  - 0002-7863
  - 1520-5126
publication_status: published
publisher: American Chemical Society
quality_controlled: '1'
status: public
title: Speeding up three-dimensional protein NMR experiments to a few minutes
type: journal_article
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 128
year: '2006'
...
---
_id: '8489'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: Structure elucidation of proteins by either NMR or X‐ray crystallography often
    requires the screening of a large number of samples for promising protein constructs
    and optimum solution conditions. For large‐scale screening of protein samples
    in solution, robust methods are needed that allow a rapid assessment of the folding
    of a polypeptide under diverse sample conditions. Here we present HET‐SOFAST NMR,
    a highly sensitive new method for semi‐quantitative characterization of the structural
    compactness and heterogeneity of polypeptide chains in solution. On the basis
    of one‐dimensional 1H HET‐SOFAST NMR data, obtained on well‐folded, molten globular,
    partially‐ and completely unfolded proteins, we define empirical thresholds that
    can be used as quantitative benchmarks for protein compactness. For 15N‐enriched
    protein samples, two‐dimensional 1H‐15N HET‐SOFAST correlation spectra provide
    site‐specific information about the structural heterogeneity along the polypeptide
    chain.
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Paul
  full_name: Schanda, Paul
  id: 7B541462-FAF6-11E9-A490-E8DFE5697425
  last_name: Schanda
  orcid: 0000-0002-9350-7606
- first_name: Vincent
  full_name: Forge, Vincent
  last_name: Forge
- first_name: Bernhard
  full_name: Brutscher, Bernhard
  last_name: Brutscher
citation:
  ama: Schanda P, Forge V, Brutscher B. HET-SOFAST NMR for fast detection of structural
    compactness and heterogeneity along polypeptide chains. <i>Magnetic Resonance
    in Chemistry</i>. 2006;44(S1):S177-S184. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/mrc.1825">10.1002/mrc.1825</a>
  apa: Schanda, P., Forge, V., &#38; Brutscher, B. (2006). HET-SOFAST NMR for fast
    detection of structural compactness and heterogeneity along polypeptide chains.
    <i>Magnetic Resonance in Chemistry</i>. Wiley. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/mrc.1825">https://doi.org/10.1002/mrc.1825</a>
  chicago: Schanda, Paul, Vincent Forge, and Bernhard Brutscher. “HET-SOFAST NMR for
    Fast Detection of Structural Compactness and Heterogeneity along Polypeptide Chains.”
    <i>Magnetic Resonance in Chemistry</i>. Wiley, 2006. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/mrc.1825">https://doi.org/10.1002/mrc.1825</a>.
  ieee: P. Schanda, V. Forge, and B. Brutscher, “HET-SOFAST NMR for fast detection
    of structural compactness and heterogeneity along polypeptide chains,” <i>Magnetic
    Resonance in Chemistry</i>, vol. 44, no. S1. Wiley, pp. S177–S184, 2006.
  ista: Schanda P, Forge V, Brutscher B. 2006. HET-SOFAST NMR for fast detection of
    structural compactness and heterogeneity along polypeptide chains. Magnetic Resonance
    in Chemistry. 44(S1), S177–S184.
  mla: Schanda, Paul, et al. “HET-SOFAST NMR for Fast Detection of Structural Compactness
    and Heterogeneity along Polypeptide Chains.” <i>Magnetic Resonance in Chemistry</i>,
    vol. 44, no. S1, Wiley, 2006, pp. S177–84, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/mrc.1825">10.1002/mrc.1825</a>.
  short: P. Schanda, V. Forge, B. Brutscher, Magnetic Resonance in Chemistry 44 (2006)
    S177–S184.
date_created: 2020-09-18T10:13:42Z
date_published: 2006-07-06T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2021-01-12T08:19:37Z
day: '06'
doi: 10.1002/mrc.1825
extern: '1'
intvolume: '        44'
issue: S1
language:
- iso: eng
month: '07'
oa_version: None
page: S177-S184
publication: Magnetic Resonance in Chemistry
publication_identifier:
  issn:
  - 0749-1581
  - 1097-458X
publication_status: published
publisher: Wiley
quality_controlled: '1'
status: public
title: HET-SOFAST NMR for fast detection of structural compactness and heterogeneity
  along polypeptide chains
type: journal_article
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 44
year: '2006'
...
---
_id: '8490'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: We demonstrate the feasibility of recording 1H–15N correlation spectra of
    proteins in only one second of acquisition time. The experiment combines recently
    proposed SOFAST-HMQC with Hadamard-type 15N frequency encoding. This allows site-resolved
    real-time NMR studies of kinetic processes in proteins with an increased time
    resolution. The sensitivity of the experiment is sufficient to be applicable to
    a wide range of molecular systems available at millimolar concentration on a high
    magnetic field spectrometer.
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Paul
  full_name: Schanda, Paul
  id: 7B541462-FAF6-11E9-A490-E8DFE5697425
  last_name: Schanda
  orcid: 0000-0002-9350-7606
- first_name: Bernhard
  full_name: Brutscher, Bernhard
  last_name: Brutscher
citation:
  ama: Schanda P, Brutscher B. Hadamard frequency-encoded SOFAST-HMQC for ultrafast
    two-dimensional protein NMR. <i>Journal of Magnetic Resonance</i>. 2006;178(2):334-339.
    doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmr.2005.10.007">10.1016/j.jmr.2005.10.007</a>
  apa: Schanda, P., &#38; Brutscher, B. (2006). Hadamard frequency-encoded SOFAST-HMQC
    for ultrafast two-dimensional protein NMR. <i>Journal of Magnetic Resonance</i>.
    Elsevier. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmr.2005.10.007">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmr.2005.10.007</a>
  chicago: Schanda, Paul, and Bernhard Brutscher. “Hadamard Frequency-Encoded SOFAST-HMQC
    for Ultrafast Two-Dimensional Protein NMR.” <i>Journal of Magnetic Resonance</i>.
    Elsevier, 2006. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmr.2005.10.007">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmr.2005.10.007</a>.
  ieee: P. Schanda and B. Brutscher, “Hadamard frequency-encoded SOFAST-HMQC for ultrafast
    two-dimensional protein NMR,” <i>Journal of Magnetic Resonance</i>, vol. 178,
    no. 2. Elsevier, pp. 334–339, 2006.
  ista: Schanda P, Brutscher B. 2006. Hadamard frequency-encoded SOFAST-HMQC for ultrafast
    two-dimensional protein NMR. Journal of Magnetic Resonance. 178(2), 334–339.
  mla: Schanda, Paul, and Bernhard Brutscher. “Hadamard Frequency-Encoded SOFAST-HMQC
    for Ultrafast Two-Dimensional Protein NMR.” <i>Journal of Magnetic Resonance</i>,
    vol. 178, no. 2, Elsevier, 2006, pp. 334–39, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmr.2005.10.007">10.1016/j.jmr.2005.10.007</a>.
  short: P. Schanda, B. Brutscher, Journal of Magnetic Resonance 178 (2006) 334–339.
date_created: 2020-09-18T10:13:51Z
date_published: 2006-02-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2021-01-12T08:19:38Z
day: '01'
doi: 10.1016/j.jmr.2005.10.007
extern: '1'
intvolume: '       178'
issue: '2'
keyword:
- Nuclear and High Energy Physics
- Biophysics
- Biochemistry
- Condensed Matter Physics
language:
- iso: eng
month: '02'
oa_version: None
page: 334-339
publication: Journal of Magnetic Resonance
publication_identifier:
  issn:
  - 1090-7807
publication_status: published
publisher: Elsevier
status: public
title: Hadamard frequency-encoded SOFAST-HMQC for ultrafast two-dimensional protein
  NMR
type: journal_article
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 178
year: '2006'
...
---
_id: '8513'
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Vadim
  full_name: Kaloshin, Vadim
  id: FE553552-CDE8-11E9-B324-C0EBE5697425
  last_name: Kaloshin
  orcid: 0000-0002-6051-2628
- first_name: Maria
  full_name: Saprykina, Maria
  last_name: Saprykina
citation:
  ama: Kaloshin V, Saprykina M. Generic 3-dimensional volume-preserving diffeomorphisms
    with superexponential growth of number of periodic orbits. <i>Discrete &#38; Continuous
    Dynamical Systems - A</i>. 2006;15(2):611-640. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.3934/dcds.2006.15.611">10.3934/dcds.2006.15.611</a>
  apa: Kaloshin, V., &#38; Saprykina, M. (2006). Generic 3-dimensional volume-preserving
    diffeomorphisms with superexponential growth of number of periodic orbits. <i>Discrete
    &#38; Continuous Dynamical Systems - A</i>. American Institute of Mathematical
    Sciences (AIMS). <a href="https://doi.org/10.3934/dcds.2006.15.611">https://doi.org/10.3934/dcds.2006.15.611</a>
  chicago: Kaloshin, Vadim, and Maria Saprykina. “Generic 3-Dimensional Volume-Preserving
    Diffeomorphisms with Superexponential Growth of Number of Periodic Orbits.” <i>Discrete
    &#38; Continuous Dynamical Systems - A</i>. American Institute of Mathematical
    Sciences (AIMS), 2006. <a href="https://doi.org/10.3934/dcds.2006.15.611">https://doi.org/10.3934/dcds.2006.15.611</a>.
  ieee: V. Kaloshin and M. Saprykina, “Generic 3-dimensional volume-preserving diffeomorphisms
    with superexponential growth of number of periodic orbits,” <i>Discrete &#38;
    Continuous Dynamical Systems - A</i>, vol. 15, no. 2. American Institute of Mathematical
    Sciences (AIMS), pp. 611–640, 2006.
  ista: Kaloshin V, Saprykina M. 2006. Generic 3-dimensional volume-preserving diffeomorphisms
    with superexponential growth of number of periodic orbits. Discrete &#38; Continuous
    Dynamical Systems - A. 15(2), 611–640.
  mla: Kaloshin, Vadim, and Maria Saprykina. “Generic 3-Dimensional Volume-Preserving
    Diffeomorphisms with Superexponential Growth of Number of Periodic Orbits.” <i>Discrete
    &#38; Continuous Dynamical Systems - A</i>, vol. 15, no. 2, American Institute
    of Mathematical Sciences (AIMS), 2006, pp. 611–40, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.3934/dcds.2006.15.611">10.3934/dcds.2006.15.611</a>.
  short: V. Kaloshin, M. Saprykina, Discrete &#38; Continuous Dynamical Systems -
    A 15 (2006) 611–640.
date_created: 2020-09-18T10:48:43Z
date_published: 2006-05-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2021-01-12T08:19:48Z
day: '01'
doi: 10.3934/dcds.2006.15.611
extern: '1'
intvolume: '        15'
issue: '2'
language:
- iso: eng
month: '05'
oa_version: None
page: 611-640
publication: Discrete & Continuous Dynamical Systems - A
publication_identifier:
  issn:
  - 1553-5231
publication_status: published
publisher: American Institute of Mathematical Sciences (AIMS)
quality_controlled: '1'
status: public
title: Generic 3-dimensional volume-preserving diffeomorphisms with superexponential
  growth of number of periodic orbits
type: journal_article
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 15
year: '2006'
...
---
_id: '8514'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: We study the extent to which the Hausdorff dimension of a compact subset of
    an infinite-dimensional Banach space is affected by a typical mapping into a finite-dimensional
    space. It is possible that the dimension drops under all such mappings, but the
    amount by which it typically drops is controlled by the ‘thickness exponent’ of
    the set, which was defined by Hunt and Kaloshin (Nonlinearity12 (1999), 1263–1275).
    More precisely, let $X$ be a compact subset of a Banach space $B$ with thickness
    exponent $\tau$ and Hausdorff dimension $d$. Let $M$ be any subspace of the (locally)
    Lipschitz functions from $B$ to $\mathbb{R}^{m}$ that contains the space of bounded
    linear functions. We prove that for almost every (in the sense of prevalence)
    function $f \in M$, the Hausdorff dimension of $f(X)$ is at least $\min\{ m, d
    / (1 + \tau) \}$. We also prove an analogous result for a certain part of the
    dimension spectra of Borel probability measures supported on $X$. The factor $1
    / (1 + \tau)$ can be improved to $1 / (1 + \tau / 2)$ if $B$ is a Hilbert space.
    Since dimension cannot increase under a (locally) Lipschitz function, these theorems
    become dimension preservation results when $\tau = 0$. We conjecture that many
    of the attractors associated with the evolution equations of mathematical physics
    have thickness exponent zero. We also discuss the sharpness of our results in
    the case $\tau > 0$.
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: WILLIAM
  full_name: OTT, WILLIAM
  last_name: OTT
- first_name: BRIAN
  full_name: HUNT, BRIAN
  last_name: HUNT
- first_name: Vadim
  full_name: Kaloshin, Vadim
  id: FE553552-CDE8-11E9-B324-C0EBE5697425
  last_name: Kaloshin
  orcid: 0000-0002-6051-2628
citation:
  ama: OTT W, HUNT B, Kaloshin V. The effect of projections on fractal sets and measures
    in Banach spaces. <i>Ergodic Theory and Dynamical Systems</i>. 2006;26(3):869-891.
    doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1017/s0143385705000714">10.1017/s0143385705000714</a>
  apa: OTT, W., HUNT, B., &#38; Kaloshin, V. (2006). The effect of projections on
    fractal sets and measures in Banach spaces. <i>Ergodic Theory and Dynamical Systems</i>.
    Cambridge University Press. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1017/s0143385705000714">https://doi.org/10.1017/s0143385705000714</a>
  chicago: OTT, WILLIAM, BRIAN HUNT, and Vadim Kaloshin. “The Effect of Projections
    on Fractal Sets and Measures in Banach Spaces.” <i>Ergodic Theory and Dynamical
    Systems</i>. Cambridge University Press, 2006. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1017/s0143385705000714">https://doi.org/10.1017/s0143385705000714</a>.
  ieee: W. OTT, B. HUNT, and V. Kaloshin, “The effect of projections on fractal sets
    and measures in Banach spaces,” <i>Ergodic Theory and Dynamical Systems</i>, vol.
    26, no. 3. Cambridge University Press, pp. 869–891, 2006.
  ista: OTT W, HUNT B, Kaloshin V. 2006. The effect of projections on fractal sets
    and measures in Banach spaces. Ergodic Theory and Dynamical Systems. 26(3), 869–891.
  mla: OTT, WILLIAM, et al. “The Effect of Projections on Fractal Sets and Measures
    in Banach Spaces.” <i>Ergodic Theory and Dynamical Systems</i>, vol. 26, no. 3,
    Cambridge University Press, 2006, pp. 869–91, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1017/s0143385705000714">10.1017/s0143385705000714</a>.
  short: W. OTT, B. HUNT, V. Kaloshin, Ergodic Theory and Dynamical Systems 26 (2006)
    869–891.
date_created: 2020-09-18T10:48:52Z
date_published: 2006-06-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2021-01-12T08:19:48Z
day: '01'
doi: 10.1017/s0143385705000714
extern: '1'
intvolume: '        26'
issue: '3'
language:
- iso: eng
month: '06'
oa_version: None
page: 869-891
publication: Ergodic Theory and Dynamical Systems
publication_identifier:
  issn:
  - 0143-3857
  - 1469-4417
publication_status: published
publisher: Cambridge University Press
quality_controlled: '1'
status: public
title: The effect of projections on fractal sets and measures in Banach spaces
type: journal_article
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 26
year: '2006'
...
---
_id: '8515'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: "We consider the evolution of a set carried by a space periodic incompressible
    stochastic flow in a Euclidean space. We\r\nreport on three main results obtained
    in [8, 9, 10] concerning long time behaviour for a typical realization of the
    stochastic flow. First, at time t most of the particles are at a distance of order
    √t away from the origin. Moreover, we prove a Central Limit Theorem for the evolution
    of a measure carried by the flow, which holds for almost every realization of
    the flow. Second, we show the existence of a zero measure full Hausdorff dimension
    set of points, which\r\nescape to infinity at a linear rate. Third, in the 2-dimensional
    case, we study the set of points visited by the original set by time t. Such a
    set, when scaled down by the factor of t, has a limiting non random shape."
article_processing_charge: No
author:
- first_name: Vadim
  full_name: Kaloshin, Vadim
  id: FE553552-CDE8-11E9-B324-C0EBE5697425
  last_name: Kaloshin
  orcid: 0000-0002-6051-2628
- first_name: D.
  full_name: DOLGOPYAT, D.
  last_name: DOLGOPYAT
- first_name: L.
  full_name: KORALOV, L.
  last_name: KORALOV
citation:
  ama: 'Kaloshin V, DOLGOPYAT D, KORALOV L. Long time behaviour of periodic stochastic
    flows. In: <i>XIVth International Congress on Mathematical Physics</i>. World
    Scientific; 2006:290-295. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1142/9789812704016_0026">10.1142/9789812704016_0026</a>'
  apa: 'Kaloshin, V., DOLGOPYAT, D., &#38; KORALOV, L. (2006). Long time behaviour
    of periodic stochastic flows. In <i>XIVth International Congress on Mathematical
    Physics</i> (pp. 290–295). Lisbon, Portugal: World Scientific. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1142/9789812704016_0026">https://doi.org/10.1142/9789812704016_0026</a>'
  chicago: Kaloshin, Vadim, D. DOLGOPYAT, and L. KORALOV. “Long Time Behaviour of
    Periodic Stochastic Flows.” In <i>XIVth International Congress on Mathematical
    Physics</i>, 290–95. World Scientific, 2006. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1142/9789812704016_0026">https://doi.org/10.1142/9789812704016_0026</a>.
  ieee: V. Kaloshin, D. DOLGOPYAT, and L. KORALOV, “Long time behaviour of periodic
    stochastic flows,” in <i>XIVth International Congress on Mathematical Physics</i>,
    Lisbon, Portugal, 2006, pp. 290–295.
  ista: Kaloshin V, DOLGOPYAT D, KORALOV L. 2006. Long time behaviour of periodic
    stochastic flows. XIVth International Congress on Mathematical Physics. International
    Congress on Mathematical Physics, 290–295.
  mla: Kaloshin, Vadim, et al. “Long Time Behaviour of Periodic Stochastic Flows.”
    <i>XIVth International Congress on Mathematical Physics</i>, World Scientific,
    2006, pp. 290–95, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1142/9789812704016_0026">10.1142/9789812704016_0026</a>.
  short: V. Kaloshin, D. DOLGOPYAT, L. KORALOV, in:, XIVth International Congress
    on Mathematical Physics, World Scientific, 2006, pp. 290–295.
conference:
  end_date: 2003-08-02
  location: Lisbon, Portugal
  name: International Congress on Mathematical Physics
  start_date: 2003-07-28
date_created: 2020-09-18T10:48:59Z
date_published: 2006-03-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2021-01-12T08:19:49Z
day: '01'
doi: 10.1142/9789812704016_0026
extern: '1'
language:
- iso: eng
month: '03'
oa_version: None
page: 290-295
publication: XIVth International Congress on Mathematical Physics
publication_identifier:
  isbn:
  - '9789812562012'
  - '9789812704016'
publication_status: published
publisher: World Scientific
quality_controlled: '1'
status: public
title: Long time behaviour of periodic stochastic flows
type: conference
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
year: '2006'
...
