---
_id: '3308'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: We study multivariate normal models that are described by linear constraints
    on the inverse of the covariance matrix. Maximum likelihood estimation for such
    models leads to the problem of maximizing the determinant function over a spectrahedron,
    and to the problem of characterizing the image of the positive definite cone under
    an arbitrary linear projection. These problems at the interface of statistics
    and optimization are here examined from the perspective of convex algebraic geometry.
acknowledgement: B. Sturmfels is supported in part by NSF grants DMS-0456960 and DMS-0757236.
  C. Uhler is supported by an International Fulbright Science and Technology Fellowship.
author:
- first_name: Bernd
  full_name: Sturmfels, Bernd
  last_name: Sturmfels
- first_name: Caroline
  full_name: Caroline Uhler
  id: 49ADD78E-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Uhler
  orcid: 0000-0002-7008-0216
citation:
  ama: Sturmfels B, Uhler C. Multivariate Gaussians, semidefinite matrix completion,
    and convex algebraic geometry. <i>Annals of the Institute of Statistical Mathematics</i>.
    2010;62(4):603-638. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s10463-010-0295-4">10.1007/s10463-010-0295-4</a>
  apa: Sturmfels, B., &#38; Uhler, C. (2010). Multivariate Gaussians, semidefinite
    matrix completion, and convex algebraic geometry. <i>Annals of the Institute of
    Statistical Mathematics</i>. Springer. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s10463-010-0295-4">https://doi.org/10.1007/s10463-010-0295-4</a>
  chicago: Sturmfels, Bernd, and Caroline Uhler. “Multivariate Gaussians, Semidefinite
    Matrix Completion, and Convex Algebraic Geometry.” <i>Annals of the Institute
    of Statistical Mathematics</i>. Springer, 2010. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s10463-010-0295-4">https://doi.org/10.1007/s10463-010-0295-4</a>.
  ieee: B. Sturmfels and C. Uhler, “Multivariate Gaussians, semidefinite matrix completion,
    and convex algebraic geometry,” <i>Annals of the Institute of Statistical Mathematics</i>,
    vol. 62, no. 4. Springer, pp. 603–638, 2010.
  ista: Sturmfels B, Uhler C. 2010. Multivariate Gaussians, semidefinite matrix completion,
    and convex algebraic geometry. Annals of the Institute of Statistical Mathematics.
    62(4), 603–638.
  mla: Sturmfels, Bernd, and Caroline Uhler. “Multivariate Gaussians, Semidefinite
    Matrix Completion, and Convex Algebraic Geometry.” <i>Annals of the Institute
    of Statistical Mathematics</i>, vol. 62, no. 4, Springer, 2010, pp. 603–38, doi:<a
    href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s10463-010-0295-4">10.1007/s10463-010-0295-4</a>.
  short: B. Sturmfels, C. Uhler, Annals of the Institute of Statistical Mathematics
    62 (2010) 603–638.
date_created: 2018-12-11T12:02:35Z
date_published: 2010-08-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2021-01-12T07:42:33Z
day: '01'
doi: 10.1007/s10463-010-0295-4
extern: 1
intvolume: '        62'
issue: '4'
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
  url: http://arxiv.org/abs/0906.3529
month: '08'
oa: 1
page: 603 - 638
publication: Annals of the Institute of Statistical Mathematics
publication_status: published
publisher: Springer
publist_id: '3332'
quality_controlled: 0
status: public
title: Multivariate Gaussians, semidefinite matrix completion, and convex algebraic
  geometry
type: journal_article
volume: 62
year: '2010'
...
---
_id: '10908'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: We present ABC, a software tool for automatically computing symbolic upper
    bounds on the number of iterations of nested program loops. The system combines
    static analysis of programs with symbolic summation techniques to derive loop
    invariant relations between program variables. Iteration bounds are obtained from
    the inferred invariants, by replacing variables with bounds on their greatest
    values. We have successfully applied ABC to a large number of examples. The derived
    symbolic bounds express non-trivial polynomial relations over loop variables.
    We also report on results to automatically infer symbolic expressions over harmonic
    numbers as upper bounds on loop iteration counts.
acknowledgement: This work was supported in part by the Swiss NSF. The fourth author
  is supported by an FWF Hertha Firnberg Research grant (T425-N23).
article_processing_charge: No
author:
- first_name: Régis
  full_name: Blanc, Régis
  last_name: Blanc
- first_name: Thomas A
  full_name: Henzinger, Thomas A
  id: 40876CD8-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Henzinger
  orcid: 0000-0002-2985-7724
- first_name: Thibaud
  full_name: Hottelier, Thibaud
  last_name: Hottelier
- first_name: Laura
  full_name: Kovács, Laura
  last_name: Kovács
citation:
  ama: 'Blanc R, Henzinger TA, Hottelier T, Kovács L. ABC: Algebraic Bound Computation
    for loops. In: Clarke EM, Voronkov A, eds. <i>Logic for Programming, Artificial
    Intelligence, and Reasoning</i>. Vol 6355. LNCS. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer
    Nature; 2010:103-118. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-17511-4_7">10.1007/978-3-642-17511-4_7</a>'
  apa: 'Blanc, R., Henzinger, T. A., Hottelier, T., &#38; Kovács, L. (2010). ABC:
    Algebraic Bound Computation for loops. In E. M. Clarke &#38; A. Voronkov (Eds.),
    <i>Logic for Programming, Artificial Intelligence, and Reasoning</i> (Vol. 6355,
    pp. 103–118). Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Nature. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-17511-4_7">https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-17511-4_7</a>'
  chicago: 'Blanc, Régis, Thomas A Henzinger, Thibaud Hottelier, and Laura Kovács.
    “ABC: Algebraic Bound Computation for Loops.” In <i>Logic for Programming, Artificial
    Intelligence, and Reasoning</i>, edited by Edmund M Clarke and Andrei Voronkov,
    6355:103–18. LNCS. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Nature, 2010. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-17511-4_7">https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-17511-4_7</a>.'
  ieee: 'R. Blanc, T. A. Henzinger, T. Hottelier, and L. Kovács, “ABC: Algebraic Bound
    Computation for loops,” in <i>Logic for Programming, Artificial Intelligence,
    and Reasoning</i>, Dakar, Senegal, 2010, vol. 6355, pp. 103–118.'
  ista: 'Blanc R, Henzinger TA, Hottelier T, Kovács L. 2010. ABC: Algebraic Bound
    Computation for loops. Logic for Programming, Artificial Intelligence, and Reasoning.
    LPAR: Conference on Logic for Programming, Artificial Intelligence and ReasoningLNCS
    vol. 6355, 103–118.'
  mla: 'Blanc, Régis, et al. “ABC: Algebraic Bound Computation for Loops.” <i>Logic
    for Programming, Artificial Intelligence, and Reasoning</i>, edited by Edmund
    M Clarke and Andrei Voronkov, vol. 6355, Springer Nature, 2010, pp. 103–18, doi:<a
    href="https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-17511-4_7">10.1007/978-3-642-17511-4_7</a>.'
  short: R. Blanc, T.A. Henzinger, T. Hottelier, L. Kovács, in:, E.M. Clarke, A. Voronkov
    (Eds.), Logic for Programming, Artificial Intelligence, and Reasoning, Springer
    Nature, Berlin, Heidelberg, 2010, pp. 103–118.
conference:
  end_date: 2010-05-01
  location: Dakar, Senegal
  name: 'LPAR: Conference on Logic for Programming, Artificial Intelligence and Reasoning'
  start_date: 2010-04-25
date_created: 2022-03-21T08:14:35Z
date_published: 2010-05-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2022-06-13T07:44:21Z
day: '01'
department:
- _id: ToHe
doi: 10.1007/978-3-642-17511-4_7
editor:
- first_name: Edmund M
  full_name: Clarke, Edmund M
  last_name: Clarke
- first_name: Andrei
  full_name: Voronkov, Andrei
  last_name: Voronkov
intvolume: '      6355'
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
  url: https://infoscience.epfl.ch/record/186096
month: '05'
oa: 1
oa_version: Submitted Version
page: 103-118
place: Berlin, Heidelberg
publication: Logic for Programming, Artificial Intelligence, and Reasoning
publication_identifier:
  eisbn:
  - '9783642175114'
  eissn:
  - 1611-3349
  isbn:
  - '9783642175107'
  issn:
  - 0302-9743
publication_status: published
publisher: Springer Nature
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
series_title: LNCS
status: public
title: 'ABC: Algebraic Bound Computation for loops'
type: conference
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 6355
year: '2010'
...
---
_id: '10909'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: We address the problem of localizing homology classes, namely, finding the
    cycle representing a given class with the most concise geometric measure. We focus
    on the volume measure, that is, the 1-norm of a cycle. Two main results are presented.
    First, we prove the problem is NP-hard to approximate within any constant factor.
    Second, we prove that for homology of dimension two or higher, the problem is
    NP-hard to approximate even when the Betti number is O(1). A side effect is the
    inapproximability of the problem of computing the nonbounding cycle with the smallest
    volume, and computing cycles representing a homology basis with the minimal total
    volume. We also discuss other geometric measures (diameter and radius) and show
    their disadvantages in homology localization. Our work is restricted to homology
    over the ℤ2 field.
acknowledgement: Partially supported by the Austrian Science Fund under grantFSP-S9103-N04
  and P20134-N13.
article_processing_charge: No
author:
- first_name: Chao
  full_name: Chen, Chao
  id: 3E92416E-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Chen
- first_name: Daniel
  full_name: Freedman, Daniel
  last_name: Freedman
citation:
  ama: 'Chen C, Freedman D. Hardness results for homology localization. In: <i>Proceedings
    of the 2010 Annual ACM-SIAM Symposium on Discrete Algorithms</i>. Society for
    Industrial and Applied Mathematics; 2010:1594-1604. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1137/1.9781611973075.129">10.1137/1.9781611973075.129</a>'
  apa: 'Chen, C., &#38; Freedman, D. (2010). Hardness results for homology localization.
    In <i>Proceedings of the 2010 Annual ACM-SIAM Symposium on Discrete Algorithms</i>
    (pp. 1594–1604). Austin, TX, United States: Society for Industrial and Applied
    Mathematics. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1137/1.9781611973075.129">https://doi.org/10.1137/1.9781611973075.129</a>'
  chicago: Chen, Chao, and Daniel Freedman. “Hardness Results for Homology Localization.”
    In <i>Proceedings of the 2010 Annual ACM-SIAM Symposium on Discrete Algorithms</i>,
    1594–1604. Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics, 2010. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1137/1.9781611973075.129">https://doi.org/10.1137/1.9781611973075.129</a>.
  ieee: C. Chen and D. Freedman, “Hardness results for homology localization,” in
    <i>Proceedings of the 2010 Annual ACM-SIAM Symposium on Discrete Algorithms</i>,
    Austin, TX, United States, 2010, pp. 1594–1604.
  ista: 'Chen C, Freedman D. 2010. Hardness results for homology localization. Proceedings
    of the 2010 Annual ACM-SIAM Symposium on Discrete Algorithms. SODA: Symposium
    on Discrete Algorithms, 1594–1604.'
  mla: Chen, Chao, and Daniel Freedman. “Hardness Results for Homology Localization.”
    <i>Proceedings of the 2010 Annual ACM-SIAM Symposium on Discrete Algorithms</i>,
    Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics, 2010, pp. 1594–604, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1137/1.9781611973075.129">10.1137/1.9781611973075.129</a>.
  short: C. Chen, D. Freedman, in:, Proceedings of the 2010 Annual ACM-SIAM Symposium
    on Discrete Algorithms, Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics, 2010,
    pp. 1594–1604.
conference:
  end_date: 2010-01-19
  location: Austin, TX, United States
  name: 'SODA: Symposium on Discrete Algorithms'
  start_date: 2010-01-17
date_created: 2022-03-21T08:24:07Z
date_published: 2010-02-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2023-02-23T11:19:46Z
day: '01'
department:
- _id: HeEd
doi: 10.1137/1.9781611973075.129
language:
- iso: eng
month: '02'
oa_version: None
page: 1594-1604
publication: Proceedings of the 2010 Annual ACM-SIAM Symposium on Discrete Algorithms
publication_identifier:
  eisbn:
  - '9781611973075'
publication_status: published
publisher: Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics
quality_controlled: '1'
related_material:
  record:
  - id: '3267'
    relation: later_version
    status: public
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: Hardness results for homology localization
type: conference
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
year: '2010'
...
---
_id: '11097'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: The nuclear envelope (NE) is a highly regulated membrane barrier that separates
    the nucleus from the cytoplasm in eukaryotic cells. It contains a large number
    of different proteins that have been implicated in chromatin organization and
    gene regulation. Although the nuclear membrane enables complex levels of gene
    expression, it also poses a challenge when it comes to cell division. To allow
    access of the mitotic spindle to chromatin, the nucleus of metazoans must completely
    disassemble during mitosis, generating the need to re-establish the nuclear compartment
    at the end of each cell division. Here, I summarize our current understanding
    of the dynamic remodeling of the NE during the cell cycle.
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Martin W
  full_name: HETZER, Martin W
  id: 86c0d31b-b4eb-11ec-ac5a-eae7b2e135ed
  last_name: HETZER
  orcid: 0000-0002-2111-992X
citation:
  ama: Hetzer M. The nuclear envelope. <i>Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology</i>.
    2010;2(3):a000539-a000539. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1101/cshperspect.a000539">10.1101/cshperspect.a000539</a>
  apa: Hetzer, M. (2010). The nuclear envelope. <i>Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives
    in Biology</i>. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1101/cshperspect.a000539">https://doi.org/10.1101/cshperspect.a000539</a>
  chicago: Hetzer, Martin. “The Nuclear Envelope.” <i>Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives
    in Biology</i>. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, 2010. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1101/cshperspect.a000539">https://doi.org/10.1101/cshperspect.a000539</a>.
  ieee: M. Hetzer, “The nuclear envelope,” <i>Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology</i>,
    vol. 2, no. 3. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, pp. a000539–a000539, 2010.
  ista: Hetzer M. 2010. The nuclear envelope. Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology.
    2(3), a000539–a000539.
  mla: Hetzer, Martin. “The Nuclear Envelope.” <i>Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives
    in Biology</i>, vol. 2, no. 3, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, 2010, pp. a000539–a000539,
    doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1101/cshperspect.a000539">10.1101/cshperspect.a000539</a>.
  short: M. Hetzer, Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology 2 (2010) a000539–a000539.
date_created: 2022-04-07T07:52:49Z
date_published: 2010-02-03T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2022-07-18T08:53:50Z
day: '03'
doi: 10.1101/cshperspect.a000539
extern: '1'
external_id:
  pmid:
  - '20300205'
intvolume: '         2'
issue: '3'
keyword:
- General Biochemistry
- Genetics and Molecular Biology
language:
- iso: eng
month: '02'
oa_version: None
page: a000539-a000539
pmid: 1
publication: Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology
publication_identifier:
  issn:
  - 1943-0264
publication_status: published
publisher: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: The nuclear envelope
type: journal_article
user_id: 72615eeb-f1f3-11ec-aa25-d4573ddc34fd
volume: 2
year: '2010'
...
---
_id: '11098'
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Martin W
  full_name: HETZER, Martin W
  id: 86c0d31b-b4eb-11ec-ac5a-eae7b2e135ed
  last_name: HETZER
  orcid: 0000-0002-2111-992X
citation:
  ama: Hetzer M. The role of the nuclear pore complex in aging of post-mitotic cells.
    <i>Aging</i>. 2010;2(2):74-75. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.18632/aging.100125">10.18632/aging.100125</a>
  apa: Hetzer, M. (2010). The role of the nuclear pore complex in aging of post-mitotic
    cells. <i>Aging</i>. Impact Journals. <a href="https://doi.org/10.18632/aging.100125">https://doi.org/10.18632/aging.100125</a>
  chicago: Hetzer, Martin. “The Role of the Nuclear Pore Complex in Aging of Post-Mitotic
    Cells.” <i>Aging</i>. Impact Journals, 2010. <a href="https://doi.org/10.18632/aging.100125">https://doi.org/10.18632/aging.100125</a>.
  ieee: M. Hetzer, “The role of the nuclear pore complex in aging of post-mitotic
    cells,” <i>Aging</i>, vol. 2, no. 2. Impact Journals, pp. 74–75, 2010.
  ista: Hetzer M. 2010. The role of the nuclear pore complex in aging of post-mitotic
    cells. Aging. 2(2), 74–75.
  mla: Hetzer, Martin. “The Role of the Nuclear Pore Complex in Aging of Post-Mitotic
    Cells.” <i>Aging</i>, vol. 2, no. 2, Impact Journals, 2010, pp. 74–75, doi:<a
    href="https://doi.org/10.18632/aging.100125">10.18632/aging.100125</a>.
  short: M. Hetzer, Aging 2 (2010) 74–75.
date_created: 2022-04-07T07:52:58Z
date_published: 2010-02-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2022-07-18T08:54:15Z
day: '01'
doi: 10.18632/aging.100125
extern: '1'
external_id:
  pmid:
  - '20354266'
intvolume: '         2'
issue: '2'
keyword:
- Cell Biology
- Aging
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
  url: https://doi.org/10.18632/aging.100125
month: '02'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
page: 74-75
pmid: 1
publication: Aging
publication_identifier:
  issn:
  - 1945-4589
publication_status: published
publisher: Impact Journals
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: The role of the nuclear pore complex in aging of post-mitotic cells
type: journal_article
user_id: 72615eeb-f1f3-11ec-aa25-d4573ddc34fd
volume: 2
year: '2010'
...
---
_id: '11099'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: Nuclear pore complexes (NPCs) serve as transport channels across the nuclear
    membrane, a double lipid bilayer that physically separates the nucleoplasm and
    cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells. New evidence suggests that the multiprotein nuclear
    pores also play a role in chromatin organization and gene expression. Given the
    importance of NPC function, it is not surprising that a growing list of human
    diseases and developmental defects have been linked to its malfunction. In order
    to fully understand the functional repertoire of NPCs and their essential role
    for nuclear organization, it is critical to determine the sequence of events that
    lead to the formation of nuclear pores. This is particularly relevant since NPC
    number, and possibly composition, are tightly linked to metabolic activity. Most
    of our knowledge is derived from NPC formation that occurs in dividing cells at
    the end of mitosis when the nuclear envelope (NE) and NPCs reform from disassembled
    precursors. However, NPC assembly also takes place during interphase into an intact
    NE. Importantly, this process is not restricted to dividing cells but also occurs
    during cell differentiation. Here, we will review aspects unique to this process,
    namely the regulation of nuclear expansion and the mechanisms of fusion between
    the outer and inner nuclear membranes. We will then discuss conserved and diverging
    mechanisms between post-mitotic and interphase assembly of the proteinaceous structure
    in light of recently published data.
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: review
author:
- first_name: Christine M.
  full_name: Doucet, Christine M.
  last_name: Doucet
- first_name: Martin W
  full_name: HETZER, Martin W
  id: 86c0d31b-b4eb-11ec-ac5a-eae7b2e135ed
  last_name: HETZER
  orcid: 0000-0002-2111-992X
citation:
  ama: Doucet CM, Hetzer M. Nuclear pore biogenesis into an intact nuclear envelope.
    <i>Chromosoma</i>. 2010;119:469-477. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s00412-010-0289-2">10.1007/s00412-010-0289-2</a>
  apa: Doucet, C. M., &#38; Hetzer, M. (2010). Nuclear pore biogenesis into an intact
    nuclear envelope. <i>Chromosoma</i>. Springer Nature. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s00412-010-0289-2">https://doi.org/10.1007/s00412-010-0289-2</a>
  chicago: Doucet, Christine M., and Martin Hetzer. “Nuclear Pore Biogenesis into
    an Intact Nuclear Envelope.” <i>Chromosoma</i>. Springer Nature, 2010. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s00412-010-0289-2">https://doi.org/10.1007/s00412-010-0289-2</a>.
  ieee: C. M. Doucet and M. Hetzer, “Nuclear pore biogenesis into an intact nuclear
    envelope,” <i>Chromosoma</i>, vol. 119. Springer Nature, pp. 469–477, 2010.
  ista: Doucet CM, Hetzer M. 2010. Nuclear pore biogenesis into an intact nuclear
    envelope. Chromosoma. 119, 469–477.
  mla: Doucet, Christine M., and Martin Hetzer. “Nuclear Pore Biogenesis into an Intact
    Nuclear Envelope.” <i>Chromosoma</i>, vol. 119, Springer Nature, 2010, pp. 469–77,
    doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s00412-010-0289-2">10.1007/s00412-010-0289-2</a>.
  short: C.M. Doucet, M. Hetzer, Chromosoma 119 (2010) 469–477.
date_created: 2022-04-07T07:53:12Z
date_published: 2010-10-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2022-07-18T08:54:20Z
day: '01'
doi: 10.1007/s00412-010-0289-2
extern: '1'
external_id:
  pmid:
  - '20721671'
intvolume: '       119'
keyword:
- Genetics (clinical)
- Genetics
language:
- iso: eng
month: '10'
oa_version: None
page: 469-477
pmid: 1
publication: Chromosoma
publication_identifier:
  eissn:
  - 1432-0886
  issn:
  - 0009-5915
publication_status: published
publisher: Springer Nature
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: Nuclear pore biogenesis into an intact nuclear envelope
type: journal_article
user_id: 72615eeb-f1f3-11ec-aa25-d4573ddc34fd
volume: 119
year: '2010'
...
---
_id: '11101'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: In metazoa, nuclear pore complexes (NPCs) assemble from disassembled precursors
    into a reforming nuclear envelope (NE) at the end of mitosis and into growing
    intact NEs during interphase. Here, we show via RNAi-mediated knockdown that ELYS,
    a nucleoporin critical for the recruitment of the essential Nup107/160 complex
    to chromatin, is required for NPC assembly at the end of mitosis but not during
    interphase. Conversely, the transmembrane nucleoporin POM121 is critical for the
    incorporation of the Nup107/160 complex into new assembly sites specifically during
    interphase. Strikingly, recruitment of the Nup107/160 complex to an intact NE
    involves a membrane curvature-sensing domain of its constituent Nup133, which
    is not required for postmitotic NPC formation. Our results suggest that in organisms
    with open mitosis, NPCs assemble via two distinct mechanisms to accommodate cell
    cycle-dependent differences in NE topology.
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Christine M.
  full_name: Doucet, Christine M.
  last_name: Doucet
- first_name: Jessica A.
  full_name: Talamas, Jessica A.
  last_name: Talamas
- first_name: Martin W
  full_name: HETZER, Martin W
  id: 86c0d31b-b4eb-11ec-ac5a-eae7b2e135ed
  last_name: HETZER
  orcid: 0000-0002-2111-992X
citation:
  ama: Doucet CM, Talamas JA, Hetzer M. Cell cycle-dependent differences in nuclear
    pore complex assembly in metazoa. <i>Cell</i>. 2010;141(6):1030-1041. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2010.04.036">10.1016/j.cell.2010.04.036</a>
  apa: Doucet, C. M., Talamas, J. A., &#38; Hetzer, M. (2010). Cell cycle-dependent
    differences in nuclear pore complex assembly in metazoa. <i>Cell</i>. Elsevier.
    <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2010.04.036">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2010.04.036</a>
  chicago: Doucet, Christine M., Jessica A. Talamas, and Martin Hetzer. “Cell Cycle-Dependent
    Differences in Nuclear Pore Complex Assembly in Metazoa.” <i>Cell</i>. Elsevier,
    2010. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2010.04.036">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2010.04.036</a>.
  ieee: C. M. Doucet, J. A. Talamas, and M. Hetzer, “Cell cycle-dependent differences
    in nuclear pore complex assembly in metazoa,” <i>Cell</i>, vol. 141, no. 6. Elsevier,
    pp. 1030–1041, 2010.
  ista: Doucet CM, Talamas JA, Hetzer M. 2010. Cell cycle-dependent differences in
    nuclear pore complex assembly in metazoa. Cell. 141(6), 1030–1041.
  mla: Doucet, Christine M., et al. “Cell Cycle-Dependent Differences in Nuclear Pore
    Complex Assembly in Metazoa.” <i>Cell</i>, vol. 141, no. 6, Elsevier, 2010, pp.
    1030–41, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2010.04.036">10.1016/j.cell.2010.04.036</a>.
  short: C.M. Doucet, J.A. Talamas, M. Hetzer, Cell 141 (2010) 1030–1041.
date_created: 2022-04-07T07:53:29Z
date_published: 2010-06-11T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2022-07-18T08:54:52Z
day: '11'
doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2010.04.036
extern: '1'
external_id:
  pmid:
  - '20550937'
intvolume: '       141'
issue: '6'
keyword:
- General Biochemistry
- Genetics and Molecular Biology
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
  url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2010.04.036
month: '06'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
page: 1030-1041
pmid: 1
publication: Cell
publication_identifier:
  issn:
  - 0092-8674
publication_status: published
publisher: Elsevier
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: Cell cycle-dependent differences in nuclear pore complex assembly in metazoa
type: journal_article
user_id: 72615eeb-f1f3-11ec-aa25-d4573ddc34fd
volume: 141
year: '2010'
...
---
_id: '11102'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: Nuclear pore complexes have recently been shown to play roles in gene activation;
    however their potential involvement in metazoan transcription remains unclear.
    Here we show that the nucleoporins Sec13, Nup98, and Nup88, as well as a group
    of FG-repeat nucleoporins, bind to the Drosophila genome at functionally distinct
    loci that often do not represent nuclear envelope contact sites. Whereas Nup88
    localizes to silent loci, Sec13, Nup98, and a subset of FG-repeat nucleoporins
    bind to developmentally regulated genes undergoing transcription induction. Strikingly,
    RNAi-mediated knockdown of intranuclear Sec13 and Nup98 specifically inhibits
    transcription of their target genes and prevents efficient reactivation of transcription
    after heat shock, suggesting an essential role of NPC components in regulating
    complex gene expression programs of multicellular organisms.
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Maya
  full_name: Capelson, Maya
  last_name: Capelson
- first_name: Yun
  full_name: Liang, Yun
  last_name: Liang
- first_name: Roberta
  full_name: Schulte, Roberta
  last_name: Schulte
- first_name: William
  full_name: Mair, William
  last_name: Mair
- first_name: Ulrich
  full_name: Wagner, Ulrich
  last_name: Wagner
- first_name: Martin W
  full_name: HETZER, Martin W
  id: 86c0d31b-b4eb-11ec-ac5a-eae7b2e135ed
  last_name: HETZER
  orcid: 0000-0002-2111-992X
citation:
  ama: Capelson M, Liang Y, Schulte R, Mair W, Wagner U, Hetzer M. Chromatin-bound
    nuclear pore components regulate gene expression in higher eukaryotes. <i>Cell</i>.
    2010;140(3):372-383. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2009.12.054">10.1016/j.cell.2009.12.054</a>
  apa: Capelson, M., Liang, Y., Schulte, R., Mair, W., Wagner, U., &#38; Hetzer, M.
    (2010). Chromatin-bound nuclear pore components regulate gene expression in higher
    eukaryotes. <i>Cell</i>. Elsevier. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2009.12.054">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2009.12.054</a>
  chicago: Capelson, Maya, Yun Liang, Roberta Schulte, William Mair, Ulrich Wagner,
    and Martin Hetzer. “Chromatin-Bound Nuclear Pore Components Regulate Gene Expression
    in Higher Eukaryotes.” <i>Cell</i>. Elsevier, 2010. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2009.12.054">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2009.12.054</a>.
  ieee: M. Capelson, Y. Liang, R. Schulte, W. Mair, U. Wagner, and M. Hetzer, “Chromatin-bound
    nuclear pore components regulate gene expression in higher eukaryotes,” <i>Cell</i>,
    vol. 140, no. 3. Elsevier, pp. 372–383, 2010.
  ista: Capelson M, Liang Y, Schulte R, Mair W, Wagner U, Hetzer M. 2010. Chromatin-bound
    nuclear pore components regulate gene expression in higher eukaryotes. Cell. 140(3),
    372–383.
  mla: Capelson, Maya, et al. “Chromatin-Bound Nuclear Pore Components Regulate Gene
    Expression in Higher Eukaryotes.” <i>Cell</i>, vol. 140, no. 3, Elsevier, 2010,
    pp. 372–83, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2009.12.054">10.1016/j.cell.2009.12.054</a>.
  short: M. Capelson, Y. Liang, R. Schulte, W. Mair, U. Wagner, M. Hetzer, Cell 140
    (2010) 372–383.
date_created: 2022-04-07T07:53:36Z
date_published: 2010-02-05T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2022-07-18T08:55:03Z
day: '05'
doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2009.12.054
extern: '1'
external_id:
  pmid:
  - '20144761'
intvolume: '       140'
issue: '3'
keyword:
- General Biochemistry
- Genetics and Molecular Biology
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
  url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2009.12.054
month: '02'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
page: 372-383
pmid: 1
publication: Cell
publication_identifier:
  issn:
  - 0092-8674
publication_status: published
publisher: Elsevier
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: Chromatin-bound nuclear pore components regulate gene expression in higher
  eukaryotes
type: journal_article
user_id: 72615eeb-f1f3-11ec-aa25-d4573ddc34fd
volume: 140
year: '2010'
...
---
_id: '11753'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: Ferroelectric ceramic materials have a wide range of applications because
    of their piezoelectric and pyroelectric properties. One of their most important
    physical properties is the specific heat. In this study, the specific heats of
    a series of lead-zirconate-titanate (PZT) compositions in the vicinity of the
    morphotropic phase boundary (MPB) were measured. The temperature range was from
    1.8 to 300 K. It is believed that these are the lowest temperature measurements
    ever made on PZT. Differences between the specific heats of the different compositions
    were very small. However, the calculated Debye temperatures were slightly different.
    The results are useful in computing design parameters for technical devices.
article_number: '5568033'
article_processing_charge: No
author:
- first_name: S. B.
  full_name: Lang, S. B.
  last_name: Lang
- first_name: J. C.
  full_name: Lashley, J. C.
  last_name: Lashley
- first_name: Kimberly A
  full_name: Modic, Kimberly A
  id: 13C26AC0-EB69-11E9-87C6-5F3BE6697425
  last_name: Modic
  orcid: 0000-0001-9760-3147
- first_name: R. A.
  full_name: Fisher, R. A.
  last_name: Fisher
- first_name: W. M.
  full_name: Zhu, W. M.
  last_name: Zhu
- first_name: Z. G.
  full_name: Ye, Z. G.
  last_name: Ye
citation:
  ama: 'Lang SB, Lashley JC, Modic KA, Fisher RA, Zhu WM, Ye ZG. Specific heat of
    a ferroelectric PZT ceramic at the morphotropic phase boundary. In: <i>Proceedings
    of the 2010 IEEE International Conference on Solid Dielectrics</i>. Institute
    of Electrical and Electronics Engineers; 2010. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1109/icsd.2010.5568033">10.1109/icsd.2010.5568033</a>'
  apa: 'Lang, S. B., Lashley, J. C., Modic, K. A., Fisher, R. A., Zhu, W. M., &#38;
    Ye, Z. G. (2010). Specific heat of a ferroelectric PZT ceramic at the morphotropic
    phase boundary. In <i>Proceedings of the 2010 IEEE International Conference on
    Solid Dielectrics</i>. Potsdam, Germany: Institute of Electrical and Electronics
    Engineers. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1109/icsd.2010.5568033">https://doi.org/10.1109/icsd.2010.5568033</a>'
  chicago: Lang, S. B., J. C. Lashley, Kimberly A Modic, R. A. Fisher, W. M. Zhu,
    and Z. G. Ye. “Specific Heat of a Ferroelectric PZT Ceramic at the Morphotropic
    Phase Boundary.” In <i>Proceedings of the 2010 IEEE International Conference on
    Solid Dielectrics</i>. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, 2010.
    <a href="https://doi.org/10.1109/icsd.2010.5568033">https://doi.org/10.1109/icsd.2010.5568033</a>.
  ieee: S. B. Lang, J. C. Lashley, K. A. Modic, R. A. Fisher, W. M. Zhu, and Z. G.
    Ye, “Specific heat of a ferroelectric PZT ceramic at the morphotropic phase boundary,”
    in <i>Proceedings of the 2010 IEEE International Conference on Solid Dielectrics</i>,
    Potsdam, Germany, 2010.
  ista: 'Lang SB, Lashley JC, Modic KA, Fisher RA, Zhu WM, Ye ZG. 2010. Specific heat
    of a ferroelectric PZT ceramic at the morphotropic phase boundary. Proceedings
    of the 2010 IEEE International Conference on Solid Dielectrics. ICSD: International
    Conference on Solid Dielectrics, 5568033.'
  mla: Lang, S. B., et al. “Specific Heat of a Ferroelectric PZT Ceramic at the Morphotropic
    Phase Boundary.” <i>Proceedings of the 2010 IEEE International Conference on Solid
    Dielectrics</i>, 5568033, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, 2010,
    doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1109/icsd.2010.5568033">10.1109/icsd.2010.5568033</a>.
  short: S.B. Lang, J.C. Lashley, K.A. Modic, R.A. Fisher, W.M. Zhu, Z.G. Ye, in:,
    Proceedings of the 2010 IEEE International Conference on Solid Dielectrics, Institute
    of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, 2010.
conference:
  end_date: 2010-06-09
  location: Potsdam, Germany
  name: 'ICSD: International Conference on Solid Dielectrics'
  start_date: 2010-06-04
date_created: 2022-08-08T09:00:17Z
date_published: 2010-06-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2023-02-21T16:26:58Z
day: '01'
doi: 10.1109/icsd.2010.5568033
extern: '1'
language:
- iso: eng
month: '06'
oa_version: None
publication: Proceedings of the 2010 IEEE International Conference on Solid Dielectrics
publication_identifier:
  eissn:
  - 2159-1687
  issn:
  - 1553-5282
publication_status: published
publisher: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
quality_controlled: '1'
related_material:
  record:
  - id: '11754'
    relation: earlier_version
    status: public
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: Specific heat of a ferroelectric PZT ceramic at the morphotropic phase boundary
type: conference
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
year: '2010'
...
---
_id: '11754'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: Ferroelectric ceramic materials have a wide range of applications because
    of their piezoelectric and pyroelectric properties. One of their most important
    physical properties is the specific heat. In this study, the specific heats of
    a series of lead-zirconate-titanate (PZT) compositions in the vicinity of the
    morphotropic phase boundary (MPB) were measured. The temperature range was from
    1.8 to 300 K. It is believed that these are the lowest temperature measurements
    ever made on PZT. Differences between the specific heats of the different compositions
    were very small. However, the calculated Debye temperatures were slightly different.
    The results are useful in computing design parameters for technical devices.
article_number: '5476345'
article_processing_charge: No
author:
- first_name: S.B.
  full_name: Lang, S.B.
  last_name: Lang
- first_name: J.C.
  full_name: Lashley, J.C.
  last_name: Lashley
- first_name: Kimberly A
  full_name: Modic, Kimberly A
  id: 13C26AC0-EB69-11E9-87C6-5F3BE6697425
  last_name: Modic
  orcid: 0000-0001-9760-3147
- first_name: R.A.
  full_name: Fisher, R.A.
  last_name: Fisher
- first_name: W.M.
  full_name: Zhu, W.M.
  last_name: Zhu
- first_name: Z.G.
  full_name: Ye, Z.G.
  last_name: Ye
citation:
  ama: 'Lang SB, Lashley JC, Modic KA, Fisher RA, Zhu WM, Ye ZG. Specific heat of
    a ferroelectric PZT ceramic at the morphotropic phase boundary. In: <i>15th IEEE
    Mediterranean Electrotechnical Conference</i>. Institute of Electrical and Electronics
    Engineers; 2010. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1109/melcon.2010.5476345">10.1109/melcon.2010.5476345</a>'
  apa: 'Lang, S. B., Lashley, J. C., Modic, K. A., Fisher, R. A., Zhu, W. M., &#38;
    Ye, Z. G. (2010). Specific heat of a ferroelectric PZT ceramic at the morphotropic
    phase boundary. In <i>15th IEEE Mediterranean Electrotechnical Conference</i>.
    Valletta, Malta: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1109/melcon.2010.5476345">https://doi.org/10.1109/melcon.2010.5476345</a>'
  chicago: Lang, S.B., J.C. Lashley, Kimberly A Modic, R.A. Fisher, W.M. Zhu, and
    Z.G. Ye. “Specific Heat of a Ferroelectric PZT Ceramic at the Morphotropic Phase
    Boundary.” In <i>15th IEEE Mediterranean Electrotechnical Conference</i>. Institute
    of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, 2010. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1109/melcon.2010.5476345">https://doi.org/10.1109/melcon.2010.5476345</a>.
  ieee: S. B. Lang, J. C. Lashley, K. A. Modic, R. A. Fisher, W. M. Zhu, and Z. G.
    Ye, “Specific heat of a ferroelectric PZT ceramic at the morphotropic phase boundary,”
    in <i>15th IEEE Mediterranean Electrotechnical Conference</i>, Valletta, Malta,
    2010.
  ista: 'Lang SB, Lashley JC, Modic KA, Fisher RA, Zhu WM, Ye ZG. 2010. Specific heat
    of a ferroelectric PZT ceramic at the morphotropic phase boundary. 15th IEEE Mediterranean
    Electrotechnical Conference. MELECON: Mediterranean Electrotechnical Conference,
    5476345.'
  mla: Lang, S. B., et al. “Specific Heat of a Ferroelectric PZT Ceramic at the Morphotropic
    Phase Boundary.” <i>15th IEEE Mediterranean Electrotechnical Conference</i>, 5476345,
    Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, 2010, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1109/melcon.2010.5476345">10.1109/melcon.2010.5476345</a>.
  short: S.B. Lang, J.C. Lashley, K.A. Modic, R.A. Fisher, W.M. Zhu, Z.G. Ye, in:,
    15th IEEE Mediterranean Electrotechnical Conference, Institute of Electrical and
    Electronics Engineers, 2010.
conference:
  end_date: 2010-04-28
  location: Valletta, Malta
  name: 'MELECON: Mediterranean Electrotechnical Conference'
  start_date: 2010-04-26
date_created: 2022-08-08T09:11:43Z
date_published: 2010-04-26T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2023-02-21T16:26:55Z
day: '26'
doi: 10.1109/melcon.2010.5476345
extern: '1'
language:
- iso: eng
month: '04'
oa_version: None
publication: 15th IEEE Mediterranean Electrotechnical Conference
publication_identifier:
  isbn:
  - 978-142445795-3
publication_status: published
publisher: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
quality_controlled: '1'
related_material:
  record:
  - id: '11753'
    relation: later_version
    status: public
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: Specific heat of a ferroelectric PZT ceramic at the morphotropic phase boundary
type: conference
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
year: '2010'
...
---
_id: '8472'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: Characterization of protein dynamics by solid-state NMR spectroscopy requires
    robust and accurate measurement protocols, which are not yet fully developed.
    In this study, we investigate the backbone dynamics of microcrystalline ubiquitin
    using different approaches. A rotational-echo double-resonance type (REDOR-type)
    methodology allows one to accurately measure 1H−15N order parameters in highly
    deuterated samples. We show that the systematic errors in the REDOR experiment
    are as low as 1% or even less, giving access to accurate data for the amplitudes
    of backbone mobility. Combining such dipolar-coupling-derived order parameters
    with autocorrelated and cross-correlated 15N relaxation rates, we are able to
    quantitate amplitudes and correlation times of backbone dynamics on picosecond
    and nanosecond time scales in a residue-resolved manner. While the mobility on
    picosecond time scales appears to have rather uniform amplitude throughout the
    protein, we unambiguously identify and quantitate nanosecond mobility with order
    parameters S2 as low as 0.8 in some regions of the protein, where nanosecond dynamics
    has also been revealed in solution state. The methodology used here, a combination
    of accurate dipolar-coupling measurements and different relaxation parameters,
    yields details about dynamics on different time scales and can be applied to solid
    protein samples such as amyloid fibrils or membrane proteins.
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Paul
  full_name: Schanda, Paul
  id: 7B541462-FAF6-11E9-A490-E8DFE5697425
  last_name: Schanda
  orcid: 0000-0002-9350-7606
- first_name: Beat H.
  full_name: Meier, Beat H.
  last_name: Meier
- first_name: Matthias
  full_name: Ernst, Matthias
  last_name: Ernst
citation:
  ama: Schanda P, Meier BH, Ernst M. Quantitative analysis of protein backbone dynamics
    in microcrystalline ubiquitin by solid-state NMR spectroscopy. <i>Journal of the
    American Chemical Society</i>. 2010;132(45):15957-15967. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1021/ja100726a">10.1021/ja100726a</a>
  apa: Schanda, P., Meier, B. H., &#38; Ernst, M. (2010). Quantitative analysis of
    protein backbone dynamics in microcrystalline ubiquitin by solid-state NMR spectroscopy.
    <i>Journal of the American Chemical Society</i>. American Chemical Society. <a
    href="https://doi.org/10.1021/ja100726a">https://doi.org/10.1021/ja100726a</a>
  chicago: Schanda, Paul, Beat H. Meier, and Matthias Ernst. “Quantitative Analysis
    of Protein Backbone Dynamics in Microcrystalline Ubiquitin by Solid-State NMR
    Spectroscopy.” <i>Journal of the American Chemical Society</i>. American Chemical
    Society, 2010. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1021/ja100726a">https://doi.org/10.1021/ja100726a</a>.
  ieee: P. Schanda, B. H. Meier, and M. Ernst, “Quantitative analysis of protein backbone
    dynamics in microcrystalline ubiquitin by solid-state NMR spectroscopy,” <i>Journal
    of the American Chemical Society</i>, vol. 132, no. 45. American Chemical Society,
    pp. 15957–15967, 2010.
  ista: Schanda P, Meier BH, Ernst M. 2010. Quantitative analysis of protein backbone
    dynamics in microcrystalline ubiquitin by solid-state NMR spectroscopy. Journal
    of the American Chemical Society. 132(45), 15957–15967.
  mla: Schanda, Paul, et al. “Quantitative Analysis of Protein Backbone Dynamics in
    Microcrystalline Ubiquitin by Solid-State NMR Spectroscopy.” <i>Journal of the
    American Chemical Society</i>, vol. 132, no. 45, American Chemical Society, 2010,
    pp. 15957–67, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1021/ja100726a">10.1021/ja100726a</a>.
  short: P. Schanda, B.H. Meier, M. Ernst, Journal of the American Chemical Society
    132 (2010) 15957–15967.
date_created: 2020-09-18T10:11:13Z
date_published: 2010-10-26T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2021-01-12T08:19:30Z
day: '26'
doi: 10.1021/ja100726a
extern: '1'
intvolume: '       132'
issue: '45'
language:
- iso: eng
month: '10'
oa_version: None
page: 15957-15967
publication: Journal of the American Chemical Society
publication_identifier:
  issn:
  - 0002-7863
  - 1520-5126
publication_status: published
publisher: American Chemical Society
quality_controlled: '1'
status: public
title: Quantitative analysis of protein backbone dynamics in microcrystalline ubiquitin
  by solid-state NMR spectroscopy
type: journal_article
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 132
year: '2010'
...
---
_id: '8473'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: β2-microglobulin (β2m), the light chain of class I major histocompatibility
    complex, is responsible for the dialysis-related amyloidosis and, in patients
    undergoing long term dialysis, the full-length and chemically unmodified β2m converts
    into amyloid fibrils. The protein, belonging to the immunoglobulin superfamily,
    in common to other members of this family, experiences during its folding a long-lived
    intermediate associated to the trans-to-cis isomerization of Pro-32 that has been
    addressed as the precursor of the amyloid fibril formation. In this respect, previous
    studies on the W60G β2m mutant, showing that the lack of Trp-60 prevents fibril
    formation in mild aggregating condition, prompted us to reinvestigate the refolding
    kinetics of wild type and W60G β2m at atomic resolution by real-time NMR. The
    analysis, conducted at ambient temperature by the band selective flip angle short
    transient real-time two-dimensional NMR techniques and probing the β2m states
    every 15 s, revealed a more complex folding energy landscape than previously reported
    for wild type β2m, involving more than a single intermediate species, and shedding
    new light into the fibrillogenic pathway. Moreover, a significant difference in
    the kinetic scheme previously characterized by optical spectroscopic methods was
    discovered for the W60G β2m mutant.
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Alessandra
  full_name: Corazza, Alessandra
  last_name: Corazza
- first_name: Enrico
  full_name: Rennella, Enrico
  last_name: Rennella
- first_name: Paul
  full_name: Schanda, Paul
  id: 7B541462-FAF6-11E9-A490-E8DFE5697425
  last_name: Schanda
  orcid: 0000-0002-9350-7606
- first_name: Maria Chiara
  full_name: Mimmi, Maria Chiara
  last_name: Mimmi
- first_name: Thomas
  full_name: Cutuil, Thomas
  last_name: Cutuil
- first_name: Sara
  full_name: Raimondi, Sara
  last_name: Raimondi
- first_name: Sofia
  full_name: Giorgetti, Sofia
  last_name: Giorgetti
- first_name: Federico
  full_name: Fogolari, Federico
  last_name: Fogolari
- first_name: Paolo
  full_name: Viglino, Paolo
  last_name: Viglino
- first_name: Lucio
  full_name: Frydman, Lucio
  last_name: Frydman
- first_name: Maayan
  full_name: Gal, Maayan
  last_name: Gal
- first_name: Vittorio
  full_name: Bellotti, Vittorio
  last_name: Bellotti
- first_name: Bernhard
  full_name: Brutscher, Bernhard
  last_name: Brutscher
- first_name: Gennaro
  full_name: Esposito, Gennaro
  last_name: Esposito
citation:
  ama: Corazza A, Rennella E, Schanda P, et al. Native-unlike long-lived intermediates
    along the folding pathway of the amyloidogenic protein β2-Microglobulin revealed
    by real-time two-dimensional NMR. <i>Journal of Biological Chemistry</i>. 2010;285(8):5827-5835.
    doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.m109.061168">10.1074/jbc.m109.061168</a>
  apa: Corazza, A., Rennella, E., Schanda, P., Mimmi, M. C., Cutuil, T., Raimondi,
    S., … Esposito, G. (2010). Native-unlike long-lived intermediates along the folding
    pathway of the amyloidogenic protein β2-Microglobulin revealed by real-time two-dimensional
    NMR. <i>Journal of Biological Chemistry</i>. American Society for Biochemistry
    &#38; Molecular Biology. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.m109.061168">https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.m109.061168</a>
  chicago: Corazza, Alessandra, Enrico Rennella, Paul Schanda, Maria Chiara Mimmi,
    Thomas Cutuil, Sara Raimondi, Sofia Giorgetti, et al. “Native-Unlike Long-Lived
    Intermediates along the Folding Pathway of the Amyloidogenic Protein Β2-Microglobulin
    Revealed by Real-Time Two-Dimensional NMR.” <i>Journal of Biological Chemistry</i>.
    American Society for Biochemistry &#38; Molecular Biology, 2010. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.m109.061168">https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.m109.061168</a>.
  ieee: A. Corazza <i>et al.</i>, “Native-unlike long-lived intermediates along the
    folding pathway of the amyloidogenic protein β2-Microglobulin revealed by real-time
    two-dimensional NMR,” <i>Journal of Biological Chemistry</i>, vol. 285, no. 8.
    American Society for Biochemistry &#38; Molecular Biology, pp. 5827–5835, 2010.
  ista: Corazza A, Rennella E, Schanda P, Mimmi MC, Cutuil T, Raimondi S, Giorgetti
    S, Fogolari F, Viglino P, Frydman L, Gal M, Bellotti V, Brutscher B, Esposito
    G. 2010. Native-unlike long-lived intermediates along the folding pathway of the
    amyloidogenic protein β2-Microglobulin revealed by real-time two-dimensional NMR.
    Journal of Biological Chemistry. 285(8), 5827–5835.
  mla: Corazza, Alessandra, et al. “Native-Unlike Long-Lived Intermediates along the
    Folding Pathway of the Amyloidogenic Protein Β2-Microglobulin Revealed by Real-Time
    Two-Dimensional NMR.” <i>Journal of Biological Chemistry</i>, vol. 285, no. 8,
    American Society for Biochemistry &#38; Molecular Biology, 2010, pp. 5827–35,
    doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.m109.061168">10.1074/jbc.m109.061168</a>.
  short: A. Corazza, E. Rennella, P. Schanda, M.C. Mimmi, T. Cutuil, S. Raimondi,
    S. Giorgetti, F. Fogolari, P. Viglino, L. Frydman, M. Gal, V. Bellotti, B. Brutscher,
    G. Esposito, Journal of Biological Chemistry 285 (2010) 5827–5835.
date_created: 2020-09-18T10:11:23Z
date_published: 2010-02-19T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2021-01-12T08:19:31Z
day: '19'
doi: 10.1074/jbc.m109.061168
extern: '1'
intvolume: '       285'
issue: '8'
keyword:
- Cell Biology
- Biochemistry
- Molecular Biology
language:
- iso: eng
month: '02'
oa_version: None
page: 5827-5835
publication: Journal of Biological Chemistry
publication_identifier:
  issn:
  - 0021-9258
  - 1083-351X
publication_status: published
publisher: American Society for Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
quality_controlled: '1'
status: public
title: Native-unlike long-lived intermediates along the folding pathway of the amyloidogenic
  protein β2-Microglobulin revealed by real-time two-dimensional NMR
type: journal_article
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 285
year: '2010'
...
---
_id: '8506'
article_processing_charge: No
author:
- first_name: Brian R.
  full_name: Hunt, Brian R.
  last_name: Hunt
- first_name: Vadim
  full_name: Kaloshin, Vadim
  id: FE553552-CDE8-11E9-B324-C0EBE5697425
  last_name: Kaloshin
  orcid: 0000-0002-6051-2628
citation:
  ama: 'Hunt BR, Kaloshin V. Prevalence. In: <i>Handbook of Dynamical Systems</i>.
    Vol 3. Elsevier; 2010:43-87. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/s1874-575x(10)00310-3">10.1016/s1874-575x(10)00310-3</a>'
  apa: Hunt, B. R., &#38; Kaloshin, V. (2010). Prevalence. In <i>Handbook of Dynamical
    Systems</i> (Vol. 3, pp. 43–87). Elsevier. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/s1874-575x(10)00310-3">https://doi.org/10.1016/s1874-575x(10)00310-3</a>
  chicago: Hunt, Brian R., and Vadim Kaloshin. “Prevalence.” In <i>Handbook of Dynamical
    Systems</i>, 3:43–87. Elsevier, 2010. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/s1874-575x(10)00310-3">https://doi.org/10.1016/s1874-575x(10)00310-3</a>.
  ieee: B. R. Hunt and V. Kaloshin, “Prevalence,” in <i>Handbook of Dynamical Systems</i>,
    vol. 3, Elsevier, 2010, pp. 43–87.
  ista: 'Hunt BR, Kaloshin V. 2010.Prevalence. In: Handbook of Dynamical Systems.
    vol. 3, 43–87.'
  mla: Hunt, Brian R., and Vadim Kaloshin. “Prevalence.” <i>Handbook of Dynamical
    Systems</i>, vol. 3, Elsevier, 2010, pp. 43–87, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/s1874-575x(10)00310-3">10.1016/s1874-575x(10)00310-3</a>.
  short: B.R. Hunt, V. Kaloshin, in:, Handbook of Dynamical Systems, Elsevier, 2010,
    pp. 43–87.
date_created: 2020-09-18T10:47:48Z
date_published: 2010-01-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2021-01-12T08:19:45Z
day: '01'
doi: 10.1016/s1874-575x(10)00310-3
extern: '1'
intvolume: '         3'
language:
- iso: eng
month: '01'
oa_version: None
page: 43-87
publication: Handbook of Dynamical Systems
publication_identifier:
  isbn:
  - '9780444531414'
  issn:
  - 1874-575X
publication_status: published
publisher: Elsevier
quality_controlled: '1'
status: public
title: Prevalence
type: book_chapter
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 3
year: '2010'
...
---
_id: '8507'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: "We study a Cr nearly integrable Hamiltonian system  defined on \U0001D54B3
    × ℝ3. Let  and µΣ1 be the restriction of Lebesgue measure on \U0001D54B3 × ℝ3
    to ∑. We prove there is a perturbation ,  and an orbit (q(t), p(t)): ℝ → \U0001D54B3
    × ℝ3 of the Hamiltonian equation  such that ."
article_processing_charge: No
author:
- first_name: Vadim
  full_name: Kaloshin, Vadim
  id: FE553552-CDE8-11E9-B324-C0EBE5697425
  last_name: Kaloshin
  orcid: 0000-0002-6051-2628
- first_name: KE
  full_name: ZHANG, KE
  last_name: ZHANG
- first_name: YONG
  full_name: ZHENG, YONG
  last_name: ZHENG
citation:
  ama: 'Kaloshin V, ZHANG K, ZHENG Y. Almost dense orbit on energy surface. In: <i>XVIth
    International Congress on Mathematical Physics</i>. World Scientific; 2010:314-322.
    doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1142/9789814304634_0017">10.1142/9789814304634_0017</a>'
  apa: 'Kaloshin, V., ZHANG, K., &#38; ZHENG, Y. (2010). Almost dense orbit on energy
    surface. In <i>XVIth International Congress on Mathematical Physics</i> (pp. 314–322).
    Prague, Czech Republic: World Scientific. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1142/9789814304634_0017">https://doi.org/10.1142/9789814304634_0017</a>'
  chicago: Kaloshin, Vadim, KE ZHANG, and YONG ZHENG. “Almost Dense Orbit on Energy
    Surface.” In <i>XVIth International Congress on Mathematical Physics</i>, 314–22.
    World Scientific, 2010. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1142/9789814304634_0017">https://doi.org/10.1142/9789814304634_0017</a>.
  ieee: V. Kaloshin, K. ZHANG, and Y. ZHENG, “Almost dense orbit on energy surface,”
    in <i>XVIth International Congress on Mathematical Physics</i>, Prague, Czech
    Republic, 2010, pp. 314–322.
  ista: Kaloshin V, ZHANG K, ZHENG Y. 2010. Almost dense orbit on energy surface.
    XVIth International Congress on Mathematical Physics. International Congress on
    Mathematical Physics, 314–322.
  mla: Kaloshin, Vadim, et al. “Almost Dense Orbit on Energy Surface.” <i>XVIth International
    Congress on Mathematical Physics</i>, World Scientific, 2010, pp. 314–22, doi:<a
    href="https://doi.org/10.1142/9789814304634_0017">10.1142/9789814304634_0017</a>.
  short: V. Kaloshin, K. ZHANG, Y. ZHENG, in:, XVIth International Congress on Mathematical
    Physics, World Scientific, 2010, pp. 314–322.
conference:
  end_date: 2009-08-08
  location: Prague, Czech Republic
  name: International Congress on Mathematical Physics
  start_date: 2009-08-03
date_created: 2020-09-18T10:47:56Z
date_published: 2010-03-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2021-01-12T08:19:46Z
day: '01'
doi: 10.1142/9789814304634_0017
extern: '1'
language:
- iso: eng
month: '03'
oa_version: None
page: 314-322
publication: XVIth International Congress on Mathematical Physics
publication_identifier:
  isbn:
  - '9789814304627'
  - '9789814304634'
publication_status: published
publisher: World Scientific
quality_controlled: '1'
status: public
title: Almost dense orbit on energy surface
type: conference
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
year: '2010'
...
---
_id: '857'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: 'The need to maintain the structural and functional integrity of an evolving
    protein severely restricts the repertoire of acceptable amino-acid substitutions.
    However, it is not known whether these restrictions impose a global limit on how
    far homologous protein sequences can diverge from each other. Here we explore
    the limits of protein evolution using sequence divergence data. We formulate a
    computational approach to study the rate of divergence of distant protein sequences
    and measure this rate for ancient proteins, those that were present in the last
    universal common ancestor. We show that ancient proteins are still diverging from
    each other, indicating an ongoing expansion of the protein sequence universe.
    The slow rate of this divergence is imposed by the sparseness of functional protein
    sequences in sequence space and the ruggedness of the protein fitness landscape:
    98 per cent of sites cannot accept an amino-acid substitution at any given moment
    but a vast majority of all sites may eventually be permitted to evolve when other,
    compensatory, changes occur. Thus, 3.5 × 10 9 yr has not been enough to reach
    the limit of divergent evolution of proteins, and for most proteins the limit
    of sequence similarity imposed by common function may not exceed that of random
    sequences.'
acknowledgement: |
  We thank E. Koonin, Y. Wolf, A. Lobkovsky, D. Petrov, D. Ivankov, J. Sharpe, B. Lehner, Y. Jaeger, P. Vlasov, M. Ptitsyn and M. Roytberg for discussions and A. Kondrashov for extensive feedback on our manuscript. We thank D. Tawfik for inspiring us to start the investigation of the functional limits in sequence space.
author:
- first_name: Inna
  full_name: Povolotskaya, Inna
  last_name: Povolotskaya
- first_name: Fyodor
  full_name: Fyodor Kondrashov
  id: 44FDEF62-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Kondrashov
  orcid: 0000-0001-8243-4694
citation:
  ama: Povolotskaya I, Kondrashov F. Sequence space and the ongoing expansion of the
    protein universe. <i>Nature</i>. 2010;465(7300):922-926. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/nature09105">10.1038/nature09105</a>
  apa: Povolotskaya, I., &#38; Kondrashov, F. (2010). Sequence space and the ongoing
    expansion of the protein universe. <i>Nature</i>. Nature Publishing Group. <a
    href="https://doi.org/10.1038/nature09105">https://doi.org/10.1038/nature09105</a>
  chicago: Povolotskaya, Inna, and Fyodor Kondrashov. “Sequence Space and the Ongoing
    Expansion of the Protein Universe.” <i>Nature</i>. Nature Publishing Group, 2010.
    <a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/nature09105">https://doi.org/10.1038/nature09105</a>.
  ieee: I. Povolotskaya and F. Kondrashov, “Sequence space and the ongoing expansion
    of the protein universe,” <i>Nature</i>, vol. 465, no. 7300. Nature Publishing
    Group, pp. 922–926, 2010.
  ista: Povolotskaya I, Kondrashov F. 2010. Sequence space and the ongoing expansion
    of the protein universe. Nature. 465(7300), 922–926.
  mla: Povolotskaya, Inna, and Fyodor Kondrashov. “Sequence Space and the Ongoing
    Expansion of the Protein Universe.” <i>Nature</i>, vol. 465, no. 7300, Nature
    Publishing Group, 2010, pp. 922–26, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/nature09105">10.1038/nature09105</a>.
  short: I. Povolotskaya, F. Kondrashov, Nature 465 (2010) 922–926.
date_created: 2018-12-11T11:48:52Z
date_published: 2010-06-17T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2021-01-12T08:20:05Z
day: '17'
doi: 10.1038/nature09105
extern: 1
intvolume: '       465'
issue: '7300'
month: '06'
page: 922 - 926
publication: Nature
publication_status: published
publisher: Nature Publishing Group
publist_id: '6791'
quality_controlled: 0
status: public
title: Sequence space and the ongoing expansion of the protein universe
type: journal_article
volume: 465
year: '2010'
...
---
_id: '862'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: A long-standing controversy in evolutionary biology is whether or not evolving
    lineages can cross valleys on the fitness landscape that correspond to low-fitness
    genotypes, which can eventually enable them to reach isolated fitness peaks1-9.
    Here we study the fitness landscapes traversed by switches between different AU
    and GC Watson-Crick nucleotide pairs at complementary sites of mitochondrial transfer
    RNA stem regions in 83 mammalian species. We find that such Watson-Crick switches
    occur 30-40 times more slowly than pairs of neutral substitutions, and that alleles
    corresponding to GU and AC non-Watson-Crick intermediate states segregate within
    human populations at low frequencies, similar to those of non-synonymous alleles.
    Substitutions leading to a Watson-Crick switch are strongly correlated, especially
    in mitochondrial tRNAs encoded on the GT-nucleotide-rich strand of the mitochondrial
    genome. Using these data we estimate that a typical Watson-Crick switch involves
    crossing a fitness valley of a depth of about 10-3 or even about 10-2, with AC
    intermediates being slightly more deleterious than GU intermediates. This compensatory
    evolution must proceed through rare intermediate variants that never reach fixation.
    The ubiquitous nature of compensatory evolution in mammalian mitochondrial tRNAs
    and other molecules implies that simultaneous fixation of two alleles that are
    individually deleterious may be a common phenomenon at the molecular level.
acknowledgement: We thank H. Innan, M. Laessig, R. Guigo, I. Povolotskaya, D. Ivankov
  and M. Breen for thoughtful discussions and critical reading of the manuscript.
author:
- first_name: Margarita
  full_name: Meer, Margarita V
  last_name: Meer
- first_name: Alexey
  full_name: Kondrashov, Alexey S
  last_name: Kondrashov
- first_name: Yael
  full_name: Artzy-Randrup, Yael
  last_name: Artzy Randrup
- first_name: Fyodor
  full_name: Fyodor Kondrashov
  id: 44FDEF62-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Kondrashov
  orcid: 0000-0001-8243-4694
citation:
  ama: Meer M, Kondrashov A, Artzy Randrup Y, Kondrashov F. Compensatory evolution
    in mitochondrial tRNAs navigates valleys of low fitness. <i>Nature</i>. 2010;464(7286):279-282.
    doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/nature08691">10.1038/nature08691</a>
  apa: Meer, M., Kondrashov, A., Artzy Randrup, Y., &#38; Kondrashov, F. (2010). Compensatory
    evolution in mitochondrial tRNAs navigates valleys of low fitness. <i>Nature</i>.
    Nature Publishing Group. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/nature08691">https://doi.org/10.1038/nature08691</a>
  chicago: Meer, Margarita, Alexey Kondrashov, Yael Artzy Randrup, and Fyodor Kondrashov.
    “Compensatory Evolution in Mitochondrial TRNAs Navigates Valleys of Low Fitness.”
    <i>Nature</i>. Nature Publishing Group, 2010. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/nature08691">https://doi.org/10.1038/nature08691</a>.
  ieee: M. Meer, A. Kondrashov, Y. Artzy Randrup, and F. Kondrashov, “Compensatory
    evolution in mitochondrial tRNAs navigates valleys of low fitness,” <i>Nature</i>,
    vol. 464, no. 7286. Nature Publishing Group, pp. 279–282, 2010.
  ista: Meer M, Kondrashov A, Artzy Randrup Y, Kondrashov F. 2010. Compensatory evolution
    in mitochondrial tRNAs navigates valleys of low fitness. Nature. 464(7286), 279–282.
  mla: Meer, Margarita, et al. “Compensatory Evolution in Mitochondrial TRNAs Navigates
    Valleys of Low Fitness.” <i>Nature</i>, vol. 464, no. 7286, Nature Publishing
    Group, 2010, pp. 279–82, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/nature08691">10.1038/nature08691</a>.
  short: M. Meer, A. Kondrashov, Y. Artzy Randrup, F. Kondrashov, Nature 464 (2010)
    279–282.
date_created: 2018-12-11T11:48:54Z
date_published: 2010-03-11T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2021-01-12T08:20:20Z
day: '11'
doi: 10.1038/nature08691
extern: 1
intvolume: '       464'
issue: '7286'
month: '03'
page: 279 - 282
publication: Nature
publication_status: published
publisher: Nature Publishing Group
publist_id: '6784'
quality_controlled: 0
status: public
title: Compensatory evolution in mitochondrial tRNAs navigates valleys of low fitness
type: journal_article
volume: 464
year: '2010'
...
---
_id: '872'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: The rate of spontaneous mutation in natural populations is a fundamental parameter
    for many evolutionary phenomena. Because the rate of mutation is generally low,
    most of what is currently known about mutation has been obtained through indirect,
    complex and imprecise methodological approaches. However, in the past few years
    genome-wide sequencing of closely related individuals has made it possible to
    estimate the rates of mutation directly at the level of the DNA, avoiding most
    of the problems associated with using indirect methods. Here, we review the methods
    used in the past with an emphasis on next generation sequencing, which may soon
    make the accurate measurement of spontaneous mutation rates a matter of routine.
author:
- first_name: Fyodor
  full_name: Fyodor Kondrashov
  id: 44FDEF62-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Kondrashov
  orcid: 0000-0001-8243-4694
- first_name: Alexey
  full_name: Kondrashov, Alexey S
  last_name: Kondrashov
citation:
  ama: Kondrashov F, Kondrashov A. Measurements of spontaneous rates of mutations
    in the recent past and the near future. <i>Philosophical Transactions of the Royal
    Society of London Series B, Biological Sciences</i>. 2010;365(1544):1169-1176.
    doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2009.0286">10.1098/rstb.2009.0286</a>
  apa: Kondrashov, F., &#38; Kondrashov, A. (2010). Measurements of spontaneous rates
    of mutations in the recent past and the near future. <i>Philosophical Transactions
    of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences</i>. Royal Society,
    The. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2009.0286">https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2009.0286</a>
  chicago: Kondrashov, Fyodor, and Alexey Kondrashov. “Measurements of Spontaneous
    Rates of Mutations in the Recent Past and the near Future.” <i>Philosophical Transactions
    of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences</i>. Royal Society,
    The, 2010. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2009.0286">https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2009.0286</a>.
  ieee: F. Kondrashov and A. Kondrashov, “Measurements of spontaneous rates of mutations
    in the recent past and the near future,” <i>Philosophical Transactions of the
    Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences</i>, vol. 365, no. 1544.
    Royal Society, The, pp. 1169–1176, 2010.
  ista: Kondrashov F, Kondrashov A. 2010. Measurements of spontaneous rates of mutations
    in the recent past and the near future. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal
    Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences. 365(1544), 1169–1176.
  mla: Kondrashov, Fyodor, and Alexey Kondrashov. “Measurements of Spontaneous Rates
    of Mutations in the Recent Past and the near Future.” <i>Philosophical Transactions
    of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences</i>, vol. 365, no.
    1544, Royal Society, The, 2010, pp. 1169–76, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2009.0286">10.1098/rstb.2009.0286</a>.
  short: F. Kondrashov, A. Kondrashov, Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society
    of London. Series B, Biological Sciences 365 (2010) 1169–1176.
date_created: 2018-12-11T11:48:57Z
date_published: 2010-04-27T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2021-01-12T08:20:43Z
day: '27'
doi: 10.1098/rstb.2009.0286
extern: 1
intvolume: '       365'
issue: '1544'
month: '04'
page: 1169 - 1176
publication: Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B,
  Biological Sciences
publication_status: published
publisher: Royal Society, The
publist_id: '6772'
quality_controlled: 0
status: public
title: Measurements of spontaneous rates of mutations in the recent past and the near
  future
type: journal_article
volume: 365
year: '2010'
...
---
_id: '884'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: 'Background: Divergence of two independently evolving sequences that originated
    from a common ancestor can be described by two parameters, the asymptotic level
    of divergence E and the rate r at which this level of divergence is approached.
    Constant negative selection impedes allele replacements and, therefore, is routinely
    assumed to decelerate sequence divergence. However, its impact on E and on r has
    not been formally investigated.Results: Strong selection that favors only one
    allele can make E arbitrarily small and r arbitrarily large. In contrast, in the
    case of 4 possible alleles and equal mutation rates, the lowest value of r, attained
    when two alleles confer equal fitnesses and the other two are strongly deleterious,
    is only two times lower than its value under selective neutrality.Conclusions:
    Constant selection can strongly constrain the level of sequence divergence, but
    cannot reduce substantially the rate at which this level is approached. In particular,
    under any constant selection the divergence of sequences that accumulated one
    substitution per neutral site since their origin from the common ancestor must
    already constitute at least one half of the asymptotic divergence at sites under
    such selection.Reviewers: This article was reviewed by Drs. Nicolas Galtier, Sergei
    Maslov, and Nick Grishin.'
author:
- first_name: Alexey
  full_name: Kondrashov, Alexey S
  last_name: Kondrashov
- first_name: Inna
  full_name: Povolotskaya, Inna
  last_name: Povolotskaya
- first_name: Dmitry
  full_name: Ivankov, Dmitry N
  last_name: Ivankov
- first_name: Fyodor
  full_name: Fyodor Kondrashov
  id: 44FDEF62-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Kondrashov
  orcid: 0000-0001-8243-4694
citation:
  ama: Kondrashov A, Povolotskaya I, Ivankov D, Kondrashov F. Rate of sequence divergence
    under constant selection. <i>Biology Direct</i>. 2010;5. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1186/1745-6150-5-5">10.1186/1745-6150-5-5</a>
  apa: Kondrashov, A., Povolotskaya, I., Ivankov, D., &#38; Kondrashov, F. (2010).
    Rate of sequence divergence under constant selection. <i>Biology Direct</i>. BioMed
    Central. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1186/1745-6150-5-5">https://doi.org/10.1186/1745-6150-5-5</a>
  chicago: Kondrashov, Alexey, Inna Povolotskaya, Dmitry Ivankov, and Fyodor Kondrashov.
    “Rate of Sequence Divergence under Constant Selection.” <i>Biology Direct</i>.
    BioMed Central, 2010. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1186/1745-6150-5-5">https://doi.org/10.1186/1745-6150-5-5</a>.
  ieee: A. Kondrashov, I. Povolotskaya, D. Ivankov, and F. Kondrashov, “Rate of sequence
    divergence under constant selection,” <i>Biology Direct</i>, vol. 5. BioMed Central,
    2010.
  ista: Kondrashov A, Povolotskaya I, Ivankov D, Kondrashov F. 2010. Rate of sequence
    divergence under constant selection. Biology Direct. 5.
  mla: Kondrashov, Alexey, et al. “Rate of Sequence Divergence under Constant Selection.”
    <i>Biology Direct</i>, vol. 5, BioMed Central, 2010, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1186/1745-6150-5-5">10.1186/1745-6150-5-5</a>.
  short: A. Kondrashov, I. Povolotskaya, D. Ivankov, F. Kondrashov, Biology Direct
    5 (2010).
date_created: 2018-12-11T11:49:00Z
date_published: 2010-01-21T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2021-01-12T08:21:15Z
day: '21'
doi: 10.1186/1745-6150-5-5
extern: 1
intvolume: '         5'
month: '01'
publication: Biology Direct
publication_status: published
publisher: BioMed Central
publist_id: '6762'
quality_controlled: 0
status: public
title: Rate of sequence divergence under constant selection
tmp:
  image: /images/cc_by.png
  legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode
  name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)
  short: CC BY (4.0)
type: journal_article
volume: 5
year: '2010'
...
---
_id: '89'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: We demonstrate the operation of a device that can produce chitosan nanoparticles
    in a tunable size range from 50-300 nm with small size dispersion. A piezoelectric
    oscillator operated at megahertz frequencies is used to aerosolize a solution
    containing dissolved chitosan. The solvent is then evaporated from the aerosolized
    droplets in a heat pipe, leaving monodisperse nanoparticles to be collected. The
    nanoparticle size is controlled both by the concentration of the dissolved polymer
    and by the size of the aerosol droplets that are created. Our device can be used
    with any polymer or polymer/therapeutic combination that can be prepared in a
    homogeneous solution and vaporized.
acknowledgement: This work was supported by the National Science Foundation under
  Grants PHY-0456898 and PHY-0757989, and acknowledgment is made to the Donors of
  the Petroleum Research Fund administered by the American Chemical Society for partial
  support of this research.
author:
- first_name: Ian
  full_name: Wright, Ian
  last_name: Wright
- first_name: Andrew P
  full_name: Higginbotham, Andrew P
  id: 4AD6785A-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Higginbotham
  orcid: 0000-0003-2607-2363
- first_name: Shenda
  full_name: Baker, Shenda
  last_name: Baker
- first_name: Tom
  full_name: Donnelly, Tom
  last_name: Donnelly
citation:
  ama: Wright I, Higginbotham AP, Baker S, Donnelly T. Generation of nanoparticles
    of controlled size using ultrasonic piezoelectric oscillators in solution. <i>ACS
    Applied Materials and Interfaces</i>. 2010;2(8):2360-2364. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1021/am100375w">10.1021/am100375w</a>
  apa: Wright, I., Higginbotham, A. P., Baker, S., &#38; Donnelly, T. (2010). Generation
    of nanoparticles of controlled size using ultrasonic piezoelectric oscillators
    in solution. <i>ACS Applied Materials and Interfaces</i>. American Chemical Society.
    <a href="https://doi.org/10.1021/am100375w">https://doi.org/10.1021/am100375w</a>
  chicago: Wright, Ian, Andrew P Higginbotham, Shenda Baker, and Tom Donnelly. “Generation
    of Nanoparticles of Controlled Size Using Ultrasonic Piezoelectric Oscillators
    in Solution.” <i>ACS Applied Materials and Interfaces</i>. American Chemical Society,
    2010. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1021/am100375w">https://doi.org/10.1021/am100375w</a>.
  ieee: I. Wright, A. P. Higginbotham, S. Baker, and T. Donnelly, “Generation of nanoparticles
    of controlled size using ultrasonic piezoelectric oscillators in solution,” <i>ACS
    Applied Materials and Interfaces</i>, vol. 2, no. 8. American Chemical Society,
    pp. 2360–2364, 2010.
  ista: Wright I, Higginbotham AP, Baker S, Donnelly T. 2010. Generation of nanoparticles
    of controlled size using ultrasonic piezoelectric oscillators in solution. ACS
    Applied Materials and Interfaces. 2(8), 2360–2364.
  mla: Wright, Ian, et al. “Generation of Nanoparticles of Controlled Size Using Ultrasonic
    Piezoelectric Oscillators in Solution.” <i>ACS Applied Materials and Interfaces</i>,
    vol. 2, no. 8, American Chemical Society, 2010, pp. 2360–64, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1021/am100375w">10.1021/am100375w</a>.
  short: I. Wright, A.P. Higginbotham, S. Baker, T. Donnelly, ACS Applied Materials
    and Interfaces 2 (2010) 2360–2364.
date_created: 2018-12-11T11:44:34Z
date_published: 2010-07-20T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2021-01-12T08:21:17Z
day: '20'
doi: 10.1021/am100375w
extern: '1'
external_id:
  pmid:
  - '    20735108'
intvolume: '         2'
issue: '8'
language:
- iso: eng
month: '07'
oa_version: None
page: 2360 - 2364
pmid: 1
publication: ACS Applied Materials and Interfaces
publication_status: published
publisher: American Chemical Society
publist_id: '7965'
quality_controlled: '1'
status: public
title: Generation of nanoparticles of controlled size using ultrasonic piezoelectric
  oscillators in solution
type: journal_article
user_id: 3E5EF7F0-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 2
year: '2010'
...
---
_id: '891'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: Gene duplications and their subsequent divergence play an important part in
    the evolution of novel gene functions. Several models for the emergence, maintenance
    and evolution of gene copies have been proposed. However, a clear consensus on
    how gene duplications are fixed and maintained in genomes is lacking. Here, we
    present a comprehensive classification of the models that are relevant to all
    stages of the evolution of gene duplications. Each model predicts a unique combination
    of evolutionary dynamics and functional properties. Setting out these predictions
    is an important step towards identifying the main mechanisms that are involved
    in the evolution of gene duplications.
acknowledgement: |
  We thank M. Lynch for insightful comments on the manuscript.
author:
- first_name: Hideki
  full_name: Innan, Hideki
  last_name: Innan
- first_name: Fyodor
  full_name: Fyodor Kondrashov
  id: 44FDEF62-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Kondrashov
  orcid: 0000-0001-8243-4694
citation:
  ama: 'Innan H, Kondrashov F. The evolution of gene duplications: Classifying and
    distinguishing between models. <i>Nature Reviews Genetics</i>. 2010;11(2):97-108.
    doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/nrg2689">10.1038/nrg2689</a>'
  apa: 'Innan, H., &#38; Kondrashov, F. (2010). The evolution of gene duplications:
    Classifying and distinguishing between models. <i>Nature Reviews Genetics</i>.
    Nature Publishing Group. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/nrg2689">https://doi.org/10.1038/nrg2689</a>'
  chicago: 'Innan, Hideki, and Fyodor Kondrashov. “The Evolution of Gene Duplications:
    Classifying and Distinguishing between Models.” <i>Nature Reviews Genetics</i>.
    Nature Publishing Group, 2010. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/nrg2689">https://doi.org/10.1038/nrg2689</a>.'
  ieee: 'H. Innan and F. Kondrashov, “The evolution of gene duplications: Classifying
    and distinguishing between models,” <i>Nature Reviews Genetics</i>, vol. 11, no.
    2. Nature Publishing Group, pp. 97–108, 2010.'
  ista: 'Innan H, Kondrashov F. 2010. The evolution of gene duplications: Classifying
    and distinguishing between models. Nature Reviews Genetics. 11(2), 97–108.'
  mla: 'Innan, Hideki, and Fyodor Kondrashov. “The Evolution of Gene Duplications:
    Classifying and Distinguishing between Models.” <i>Nature Reviews Genetics</i>,
    vol. 11, no. 2, Nature Publishing Group, 2010, pp. 97–108, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/nrg2689">10.1038/nrg2689</a>.'
  short: H. Innan, F. Kondrashov, Nature Reviews Genetics 11 (2010) 97–108.
date_created: 2018-12-11T11:49:03Z
date_published: 2010-02-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2021-01-12T08:21:19Z
day: '01'
doi: 10.1038/nrg2689
extern: 1
intvolume: '        11'
issue: '2'
month: '02'
page: 97 - 108
publication: Nature Reviews Genetics
publication_status: published
publisher: Nature Publishing Group
publist_id: '6755'
quality_controlled: 0
status: public
title: 'The evolution of gene duplications: Classifying and distinguishing between
  models'
type: journal_article
volume: 11
year: '2010'
...
