[{"author":[{"last_name":"Chazelle","first_name":"Bernard","full_name":"Chazelle, Bernard"},{"orcid":"0000-0002-9823-6833","last_name":"Edelsbrunner","first_name":"Herbert","id":"3FB178DA-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","full_name":"Edelsbrunner, Herbert"},{"first_name":"Leonidas","last_name":"Guibas","full_name":"Guibas, Leonidas"},{"full_name":"Hershberger, John","last_name":"Hershberger","first_name":"John"},{"last_name":"Seidel","first_name":"Raimund","full_name":"Seidel, Raimund"},{"full_name":"Sharir, Micha","first_name":"Micha","last_name":"Sharir"}],"date_published":"1994-12-01T00:00:00Z","date_updated":"2022-06-03T06:41:56Z","doi":"10.1137/S0097539790179919 ","article_processing_charge":"No","scopus_import":"1","quality_controlled":"1","main_file_link":[{"url":"https://epubs.siam.org/doi/10.1137/S0097539790179919"}],"intvolume":"        23","publication_status":"published","day":"01","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"month":"12","title":"Selecting heavily covered points","publication":"SIAM Journal on Computing","publisher":"SIAM","oa_version":"None","date_created":"2018-12-11T12:06:33Z","publist_id":"2092","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"A collection of geometric selection lemmas is proved, such as the following: For any set P of n points in three-dimensional space and any set S of m spheres, where each sphere passes through a distinct point pair in P. there exists a point x, not necessarily in P, that is enclosed by Ω(m2/(n2 log6 n2/m)) of the spheres in S. Similar results apply in arbitrary fixed dimensions, and for geometric bodies other than spheres. The results have applications in reducing the size of geometric structures, such as three-dimensional Delaunay triangulations and Gabriel graphs, by adding extra points to their defining sets."}],"extern":"1","page":"1138 - 1151","volume":23,"type":"journal_article","user_id":"ea97e931-d5af-11eb-85d4-e6957dddbf17","_id":"4033","year":"1994","status":"public","article_type":"original","issue":"6","citation":{"apa":"Chazelle, B., Edelsbrunner, H., Guibas, L., Hershberger, J., Seidel, R., &#38; Sharir, M. (1994). Selecting heavily covered points. <i>SIAM Journal on Computing</i>. SIAM. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1137/S0097539790179919 \">https://doi.org/10.1137/S0097539790179919 </a>","chicago":"Chazelle, Bernard, Herbert Edelsbrunner, Leonidas Guibas, John Hershberger, Raimund Seidel, and Micha Sharir. “Selecting Heavily Covered Points.” <i>SIAM Journal on Computing</i>. SIAM, 1994. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1137/S0097539790179919 \">https://doi.org/10.1137/S0097539790179919 </a>.","ieee":"B. Chazelle, H. Edelsbrunner, L. Guibas, J. Hershberger, R. Seidel, and M. Sharir, “Selecting heavily covered points,” <i>SIAM Journal on Computing</i>, vol. 23, no. 6. SIAM, pp. 1138–1151, 1994.","short":"B. Chazelle, H. Edelsbrunner, L. Guibas, J. Hershberger, R. Seidel, M. Sharir, SIAM Journal on Computing 23 (1994) 1138–1151.","mla":"Chazelle, Bernard, et al. “Selecting Heavily Covered Points.” <i>SIAM Journal on Computing</i>, vol. 23, no. 6, SIAM, 1994, pp. 1138–51, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1137/S0097539790179919 \">10.1137/S0097539790179919 </a>.","ista":"Chazelle B, Edelsbrunner H, Guibas L, Hershberger J, Seidel R, Sharir M. 1994. Selecting heavily covered points. SIAM Journal on Computing. 23(6), 1138–1151.","ama":"Chazelle B, Edelsbrunner H, Guibas L, Hershberger J, Seidel R, Sharir M. Selecting heavily covered points. <i>SIAM Journal on Computing</i>. 1994;23(6):1138-1151. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1137/S0097539790179919 \">10.1137/S0097539790179919 </a>"},"publication_identifier":{"issn":["0097-5397"]}},{"citation":{"ieee":"H. Edelsbrunner and E. Mücke, “Three-dimensional alpha shapes,” <i>ACM Transactions on Graphics</i>, vol. 13, no. 1. ACM, pp. 43–72, 1994.","chicago":"Edelsbrunner, Herbert, and Ernst Mücke. “Three-Dimensional Alpha Shapes.” <i>ACM Transactions on Graphics</i>. ACM, 1994. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1145/174462.156635\">https://doi.org/10.1145/174462.156635</a>.","apa":"Edelsbrunner, H., &#38; Mücke, E. (1994). Three-dimensional alpha shapes. <i>ACM Transactions on Graphics</i>. ACM. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1145/174462.156635\">https://doi.org/10.1145/174462.156635</a>","ama":"Edelsbrunner H, Mücke E. Three-dimensional alpha shapes. <i>ACM Transactions on Graphics</i>. 1994;13(1):43-72. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1145/174462.156635\">10.1145/174462.156635</a>","mla":"Edelsbrunner, Herbert, and Ernst Mücke. “Three-Dimensional Alpha Shapes.” <i>ACM Transactions on Graphics</i>, vol. 13, no. 1, ACM, 1994, pp. 43–72, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1145/174462.156635\">10.1145/174462.156635</a>.","short":"H. Edelsbrunner, E. Mücke, ACM Transactions on Graphics 13 (1994) 43–72.","ista":"Edelsbrunner H, Mücke E. 1994. Three-dimensional alpha shapes. ACM Transactions on Graphics. 13(1), 43–72."},"status":"public","oa":1,"acknowledgement":"National Science Foundation under grant CCR-8921421 and  Alan T. Waterman award, grant CCR-9118874.","issue":"1","_id":"4037","year":"1994","volume":13,"page":"43 - 72","user_id":"ea97e931-d5af-11eb-85d4-e6957dddbf17","type":"journal_article","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"Frequently, data in scientific computing is in its abstract form a finite point set in space, and it is sometimes useful or required to compute what one might call the `'shape” of the set. For that purpose, this article introduces the formal notion of the family of alpha-shapes of a finite point set in R3. Each shape is a well-defined polytope, derived from the Delaunay triangulation of the point set, with a parameter alpha is-an-element-of R controlling the desired level of detail. An algorithm is presented that constructs the entire family of shapes for a given set of size n in time O(n2), worst case. A robust implementation of the algorithm is discussed, and several applications in the area of scientific computing are mentioned."}],"extern":"1","date_created":"2018-12-11T12:06:34Z","oa_version":"None","publist_id":"2088","publication":"ACM Transactions on Graphics","title":"Three-dimensional alpha shapes","publisher":"ACM","month":"01","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"day":"01","intvolume":"        13","main_file_link":[{"open_access":"1","url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/174462.156635"}],"publication_status":"published","scopus_import":"1","quality_controlled":"1","author":[{"first_name":"Herbert","orcid":"0000-0002-9823-6833","last_name":"Edelsbrunner","full_name":"Edelsbrunner, Herbert","id":"3FB178DA-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87"},{"full_name":"Mücke, Ernst","first_name":"Ernst","last_name":"Mücke"}],"date_published":"1994-01-01T00:00:00Z","article_processing_charge":"No","date_updated":"2022-06-02T12:00:42Z","doi":"10.1145/174462.156635"},{"extern":"1","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"We consider a variety of problems on the interaction between two sets of line segments in two and three dimensions. These problems range from counting the number of intersecting pairs between m blue segments and n red segments in the plane (assuming that two line segments are disjoint if they have the same color) to finding the smallest vertical distance between two nonintersecting polyhedral terrains in three-dimensional space. We solve these problems efficiently by using a variant of the segment tree. For the three-dimensional problems we also apply a variety of recent combinatorial and algorithmic techniques involving arrangements of lines in three-dimensional space, as developed in a companion paper."}],"publisher":"Springer","title":"Algorithms for bichromatic line-segment problems and polyhedral terrains","publication":"Algorithmica","publist_id":"2089","oa_version":"None","date_created":"2018-12-11T12:06:34Z","article_type":"original","issue":"2","acknowledgement":"Supported in part by the National Science Foundation under Grant CCR-8714565.","status":"public","publication_identifier":{"issn":["0178-4617"]},"citation":{"ieee":"B. Chazelle, H. Edelsbrunner, L. Guibas, and M. Sharir, “Algorithms for bichromatic line-segment problems and polyhedral terrains,” <i>Algorithmica</i>, vol. 11, no. 2. Springer, pp. 116–132, 1994.","chicago":"Chazelle, Bernard, Herbert Edelsbrunner, Leonidas Guibas, and Micha Sharir. “Algorithms for Bichromatic Line-Segment Problems and Polyhedral Terrains.” <i>Algorithmica</i>. Springer, 1994. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01182771\">https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01182771</a>.","apa":"Chazelle, B., Edelsbrunner, H., Guibas, L., &#38; Sharir, M. (1994). Algorithms for bichromatic line-segment problems and polyhedral terrains. <i>Algorithmica</i>. Springer. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01182771\">https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01182771</a>","ama":"Chazelle B, Edelsbrunner H, Guibas L, Sharir M. Algorithms for bichromatic line-segment problems and polyhedral terrains. <i>Algorithmica</i>. 1994;11(2):116-132. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01182771\">10.1007/BF01182771</a>","ista":"Chazelle B, Edelsbrunner H, Guibas L, Sharir M. 1994. Algorithms for bichromatic line-segment problems and polyhedral terrains. Algorithmica. 11(2), 116–132.","short":"B. Chazelle, H. Edelsbrunner, L. Guibas, M. Sharir, Algorithmica 11 (1994) 116–132.","mla":"Chazelle, Bernard, et al. “Algorithms for Bichromatic Line-Segment Problems and Polyhedral Terrains.” <i>Algorithmica</i>, vol. 11, no. 2, Springer, 1994, pp. 116–32, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01182771\">10.1007/BF01182771</a>."},"type":"journal_article","user_id":"ea97e931-d5af-11eb-85d4-e6957dddbf17","page":"116 - 132","volume":11,"year":"1994","_id":"4038","doi":"10.1007/BF01182771","date_updated":"2022-06-02T12:25:29Z","article_processing_charge":"No","date_published":"1994-02-01T00:00:00Z","author":[{"full_name":"Chazelle, Bernard","first_name":"Bernard","last_name":"Chazelle"},{"orcid":"0000-0002-9823-6833","last_name":"Edelsbrunner","first_name":"Herbert","id":"3FB178DA-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","full_name":"Edelsbrunner, Herbert"},{"first_name":"Leonidas","last_name":"Guibas","full_name":"Guibas, Leonidas"},{"last_name":"Sharir","first_name":"Micha","full_name":"Sharir, Micha"}],"quality_controlled":"1","scopus_import":"1","day":"01","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"month":"02","publication_status":"published","main_file_link":[{"url":"https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF01182771"}],"intvolume":"        11"},{"abstract":[{"text":"Let P be a simple polygon with n vertices. We present a simple decomposition scheme that partitions the interior of P into O(n) so-called geodesic triangles, so that any line segment interior to P crosses at most 2 log n of these triangles. This decomposition can be used to preprocess P in a very simple manner, so that any ray-shooting query can be answered in time O(log n). The data structure requires O(n) storage and O(n log n) preprocessing time. By using more sophisticated techniques, we can reduce the preprocessing time to O(n). We also extend our general technique to the case of ray shooting amidst k polygonal obstacles with a total of n edges, so that a query can be answered in O(√ log n) time.","lang":"eng"}],"extern":"1","title":"Ray shooting in polygons using geodesic triangulations","publication":"Algorithmica","publisher":"Springer","oa_version":"None","date_created":"2018-12-11T12:06:35Z","publist_id":"2090","acknowledgement":"Work by Bernard Chazelle has been supported by NSF Grant CCR-87-00917. Work by Herbert Edelsbrunner has been supported by NSF Grant CCR-89-21421. Work by Micha Sharir has been supported by ONR Grants N00014-89-J-3042 and N00014-90-J-1284, by NSF Grant CCR-89-01484, and by grants from the U.S.-Israeli Binational Science Foundation, the Fund for Basic Research administered by the Israeli Academy of Sciences, and the G.I.F., the German-Israeli Foundation for Scientific Research and Development.","status":"public","article_type":"original","issue":"1","citation":{"ama":"Chazelle B, Edelsbrunner H, Grigni M, et al. Ray shooting in polygons using geodesic triangulations. <i>Algorithmica</i>. 1994;12(1):54-68. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01377183\">10.1007/BF01377183</a>","ista":"Chazelle B, Edelsbrunner H, Grigni M, Guibas L, Hershberger J, Sharir M, Snoeyink J. 1994. Ray shooting in polygons using geodesic triangulations. Algorithmica. 12(1), 54–68.","mla":"Chazelle, Bernard, et al. “Ray Shooting in Polygons Using Geodesic Triangulations.” <i>Algorithmica</i>, vol. 12, no. 1, Springer, 1994, pp. 54–68, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01377183\">10.1007/BF01377183</a>.","short":"B. Chazelle, H. Edelsbrunner, M. Grigni, L. Guibas, J. Hershberger, M. Sharir, J. Snoeyink, Algorithmica 12 (1994) 54–68.","ieee":"B. Chazelle <i>et al.</i>, “Ray shooting in polygons using geodesic triangulations,” <i>Algorithmica</i>, vol. 12, no. 1. Springer, pp. 54–68, 1994.","chicago":"Chazelle, Bernard, Herbert Edelsbrunner, Michelangelo Grigni, Leonidas Guibas, John Hershberger, Micha Sharir, and Jack Snoeyink. “Ray Shooting in Polygons Using Geodesic Triangulations.” <i>Algorithmica</i>. Springer, 1994. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01377183\">https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01377183</a>.","apa":"Chazelle, B., Edelsbrunner, H., Grigni, M., Guibas, L., Hershberger, J., Sharir, M., &#38; Snoeyink, J. (1994). Ray shooting in polygons using geodesic triangulations. <i>Algorithmica</i>. Springer. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01377183\">https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01377183</a>"},"publication_identifier":{"issn":["0178-4617"]},"page":"54 - 68","volume":12,"type":"journal_article","user_id":"ea97e931-d5af-11eb-85d4-e6957dddbf17","_id":"4039","year":"1994","date_published":"1994-07-01T00:00:00Z","author":[{"full_name":"Chazelle, Bernard","last_name":"Chazelle","first_name":"Bernard"},{"first_name":"Herbert","orcid":"0000-0002-9823-6833","last_name":"Edelsbrunner","full_name":"Edelsbrunner, Herbert","id":"3FB178DA-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87"},{"last_name":"Grigni","first_name":"Michelangelo","full_name":"Grigni, Michelangelo"},{"first_name":"Leonidas","last_name":"Guibas","full_name":"Guibas, Leonidas"},{"last_name":"Hershberger","first_name":"John","full_name":"Hershberger, John"},{"full_name":"Sharir, Micha","first_name":"Micha","last_name":"Sharir"},{"last_name":"Snoeyink","first_name":"Jack","full_name":"Snoeyink, Jack"}],"doi":"10.1007/BF01377183","date_updated":"2022-06-02T12:41:07Z","article_processing_charge":"No","scopus_import":"1","quality_controlled":"1","day":"01","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"month":"07","main_file_link":[{"url":"https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF01377183"}],"intvolume":"        12","publication_status":"published"},{"doi":"10.1016/s0021-9258(17)42186-7","date_updated":"2022-06-02T10:23:48Z","article_processing_charge":"No","date_published":"1994-01-14T00:00:00Z","author":[{"full_name":"Leingärtner, Axel","first_name":"Axel","last_name":"Leingärtner"},{"full_name":"Heisenberg, Carl-Philipp J","id":"39427864-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","first_name":"Carl-Philipp J","orcid":"0000-0002-0912-4566","last_name":"Heisenberg"},{"full_name":"Kolbeck, Roland","last_name":"Kolbeck","first_name":"Roland"},{"full_name":"Thoenen, Hans","last_name":"Thoenen","first_name":"Hans"},{"last_name":"Lindholm","first_name":"Dan","full_name":"Lindholm, Dan"}],"quality_controlled":"1","scopus_import":"1","day":"14","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"month":"01","publication_status":"published","main_file_link":[{"open_access":"1","url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0021925817421867?via%3Dihub"}],"intvolume":"       269","extern":"1","abstract":[{"text":"Neurotrophin-3 (NT-3) is a member of the neurotrophin gene family and is highly expressed in the developing rat cerebellum. Here we show that brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) increased by approximately 10-fold the NT-3 mRNA levels in cultured cerebellar granule neurons isolated from postnatal rats, whereas nerve growth factor (NGF) and NT-3 itself had no effect. The effect of BDNF was additive to that of triiodothyronine (T3), which also increased NT-3 mRNA in these neurons. The drug K252a inhibited the BDNF-mediated stimulation of NT-3 expression, suggesting an involvement of trkB receptors. Nuclear run-on experiments showed that BDNF enhanced NT-3 transcription, whereas the stability of NT-3 mRNA remained unchanged. The data presented are the first demonstration that one neurotrophin regulates the expression of another and provide evidence that NT-3 production in granule neurons is regulated by both BDNF and T3.","lang":"eng"}],"publisher":"American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology","title":"Brain-derived neurotrophic factor increases neurotrophin-3 expression in cerebellar granule neurons","publication":"Journal of Biological Chemistry","publist_id":"1941","oa_version":"None","date_created":"2018-12-11T12:07:25Z","article_type":"original","issue":"2","acknowledgement":"We thank Dorothea Stratmann and Karin Angermayer for skillful technical assistance.","status":"public","oa":1,"publication_identifier":{"eissn":["1083-351X"],"issn":["0021-9258"]},"citation":{"apa":"Leingärtner, A., Heisenberg, C.-P. J., Kolbeck, R., Thoenen, H., &#38; Lindholm, D. (1994). Brain-derived neurotrophic factor increases neurotrophin-3 expression in cerebellar granule neurons. <i>Journal of Biological Chemistry</i>. American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0021-9258(17)42186-7\">https://doi.org/10.1016/s0021-9258(17)42186-7</a>","chicago":"Leingärtner, Axel, Carl-Philipp J Heisenberg, Roland Kolbeck, Hans Thoenen, and Dan Lindholm. “Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Increases Neurotrophin-3 Expression in Cerebellar Granule Neurons.” <i>Journal of Biological Chemistry</i>. American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 1994. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0021-9258(17)42186-7\">https://doi.org/10.1016/s0021-9258(17)42186-7</a>.","ieee":"A. Leingärtner, C.-P. J. Heisenberg, R. Kolbeck, H. Thoenen, and D. Lindholm, “Brain-derived neurotrophic factor increases neurotrophin-3 expression in cerebellar granule neurons,” <i>Journal of Biological Chemistry</i>, vol. 269, no. 2. American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, pp. 828–830, 1994.","short":"A. Leingärtner, C.-P.J. Heisenberg, R. Kolbeck, H. Thoenen, D. Lindholm, Journal of Biological Chemistry 269 (1994) 828–830.","mla":"Leingärtner, Axel, et al. “Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Increases Neurotrophin-3 Expression in Cerebellar Granule Neurons.” <i>Journal of Biological Chemistry</i>, vol. 269, no. 2, American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 1994, pp. 828–30, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0021-9258(17)42186-7\">10.1016/s0021-9258(17)42186-7</a>.","ista":"Leingärtner A, Heisenberg C-PJ, Kolbeck R, Thoenen H, Lindholm D. 1994. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor increases neurotrophin-3 expression in cerebellar granule neurons. Journal of Biological Chemistry. 269(2), 828–830.","ama":"Leingärtner A, Heisenberg C-PJ, Kolbeck R, Thoenen H, Lindholm D. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor increases neurotrophin-3 expression in cerebellar granule neurons. <i>Journal of Biological Chemistry</i>. 1994;269(2):828-830. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0021-9258(17)42186-7\">10.1016/s0021-9258(17)42186-7</a>"},"type":"journal_article","user_id":"ea97e931-d5af-11eb-85d4-e6957dddbf17","page":"828 - 830","volume":269,"year":"1994","_id":"4179"},{"publication_status":"published","main_file_link":[{"url":"https://journals.lww.com/neuroreport/Abstract/1994/01120/NMDA_potentiates_NGF_induced_sprouting_of_septal.10.aspx"}],"intvolume":"         5","month":"01","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"day":"12","quality_controlled":"1","scopus_import":"1","article_processing_charge":"No","doi":"10.1097/00001756-199401120-00010 ","date_updated":"2022-06-02T10:07:25Z","date_published":"1994-01-12T00:00:00Z","author":[{"full_name":"Heisenberg, Carl-Philipp J","id":"39427864-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","first_name":"Carl-Philipp J","last_name":"Heisenberg","orcid":"0000-0002-0912-4566"},{"full_name":"Cooper, John","last_name":"Cooper","first_name":"John"},{"full_name":"Berke, J","last_name":"Berke","first_name":"J"},{"full_name":"Sofroniew, Michael","last_name":"Sofroniew","first_name":"Michael"}],"year":"1994","_id":"4202","user_id":"ea97e931-d5af-11eb-85d4-e6957dddbf17","type":"journal_article","volume":5,"page":"413 - 416","publication_identifier":{"issn":["0959-4965"]},"citation":{"mla":"Heisenberg, Carl-Philipp J., et al. “NMDA Potentiates NGF-Induced Sprouting of Septal Cholinergic Fibres.” <i>Neuroreport</i>, vol. 5, no. 4, Lippincott, Williams &#38; Wilkins, 1994, pp. 413–16, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1097/00001756-199401120-00010 \">10.1097/00001756-199401120-00010 </a>.","ista":"Heisenberg C-PJ, Cooper J, Berke J, Sofroniew M. 1994. NMDA potentiates NGF-induced sprouting of septal cholinergic fibres. Neuroreport. 5(4), 413–416.","short":"C.-P.J. Heisenberg, J. Cooper, J. Berke, M. Sofroniew, Neuroreport 5 (1994) 413–416.","ama":"Heisenberg C-PJ, Cooper J, Berke J, Sofroniew M. NMDA potentiates NGF-induced sprouting of septal cholinergic fibres. <i>Neuroreport</i>. 1994;5(4):413-416. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1097/00001756-199401120-00010 \">10.1097/00001756-199401120-00010 </a>","apa":"Heisenberg, C.-P. J., Cooper, J., Berke, J., &#38; Sofroniew, M. (1994). NMDA potentiates NGF-induced sprouting of septal cholinergic fibres. <i>Neuroreport</i>. Lippincott, Williams &#38; Wilkins. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1097/00001756-199401120-00010 \">https://doi.org/10.1097/00001756-199401120-00010 </a>","ieee":"C.-P. J. Heisenberg, J. Cooper, J. Berke, and M. Sofroniew, “NMDA potentiates NGF-induced sprouting of septal cholinergic fibres,” <i>Neuroreport</i>, vol. 5, no. 4. Lippincott, Williams &#38; Wilkins, pp. 413–416, 1994.","chicago":"Heisenberg, Carl-Philipp J, John Cooper, J Berke, and Michael Sofroniew. “NMDA Potentiates NGF-Induced Sprouting of Septal Cholinergic Fibres.” <i>Neuroreport</i>. Lippincott, Williams &#38; Wilkins, 1994. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1097/00001756-199401120-00010 \">https://doi.org/10.1097/00001756-199401120-00010 </a>."},"issue":"4","article_type":"original","status":"public","publist_id":"1915","date_created":"2018-12-11T12:07:33Z","oa_version":"None","publisher":"Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins","publication":"Neuroreport","title":"NMDA potentiates NGF-induced sprouting of septal cholinergic fibres","extern":"1","abstract":[{"text":"NERVE growth factor (NGF) injected into the otherwise unlesioned adult rat septum induced sprouting of presumptive cholinergic fibres positive for p75(NGFR) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE). These fibres did not stain for tyrosine hydroxylase and therefore did not represent sympathetic ingrowth. Neurofilament staining on adjacent sections revealed fibres with similar morphology, suggesting new outgrowth in the form of sprouting rather than the upregulation of p75(NGFR) and AChE in pre-existing fibres. Simultaneous injections of subneurotoxic doses of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) significantly potentiated the effect of NGF on cholinergic fibre sprouting and caused pronounced glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)positive astrocytosis. Application of NMDA alone did not elicit sprouting of this type. These findings indicate that NGF can induce the sprouting of uninjured adult rat septal cholinergic fibres in vivo and suggest that reactive astrocytes are not inhibitory to cholinergic axonal outgrowth, and might serve as a substrate for growing axons in the presence of NGF.","lang":"eng"}]},{"publication_status":"published","main_file_link":[{"url":"https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/3-540-58468-4_177"}],"intvolume":"       863","month":"01","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"day":"01","conference":{"start_date":"1994-09-19","location":"Lübeck, Germany","end_date":"1994-09-23","name":"FTRTFT: Formal Techniques in Real-Time and Fault-Tolerant Systems"},"quality_controlled":"1","scopus_import":"1","article_processing_charge":"No","doi":"10.1007/3-540-58468-4_177","date_updated":"2022-06-02T09:46:37Z","alternative_title":["LNCS"],"author":[{"full_name":"Kapur, Arjun","last_name":"Kapur","first_name":"Arjun"},{"first_name":"Thomas A","last_name":"Henzinger","orcid":"0000−0002−2985−7724","full_name":"Henzinger, Thomas A","id":"40876CD8-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87"},{"full_name":"Manna, Zohar","last_name":"Manna","first_name":"Zohar"},{"last_name":"Pnueli","first_name":"Amir","full_name":"Pnueli, Amir"}],"date_published":"1994-01-01T00:00:00Z","year":"1994","_id":"4420","user_id":"ea97e931-d5af-11eb-85d4-e6957dddbf17","type":"conference","volume":863,"page":"431 - 454","citation":{"ama":"Kapur A, Henzinger TA, Manna Z, Pnueli A. Proving safety properties of hybrid systems. In: <i>3rd International Symposium on Formal Techniques in Real-Time and Fault-Tolerant Systems</i>. Vol 863. Springer; 1994:431-454. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-58468-4_177\">10.1007/3-540-58468-4_177</a>","ista":"Kapur A, Henzinger TA, Manna Z, Pnueli A. 1994. Proving safety properties of hybrid systems. 3rd International Symposium on Formal Techniques in Real-Time and Fault-Tolerant Systems. FTRTFT: Formal Techniques in Real-Time and Fault-Tolerant Systems, LNCS, vol. 863, 431–454.","short":"A. Kapur, T.A. Henzinger, Z. Manna, A. Pnueli, in:, 3rd International Symposium on Formal Techniques in Real-Time and Fault-Tolerant Systems, Springer, 1994, pp. 431–454.","mla":"Kapur, Arjun, et al. “Proving Safety Properties of Hybrid Systems.” <i>3rd International Symposium on Formal Techniques in Real-Time and Fault-Tolerant Systems</i>, vol. 863, Springer, 1994, pp. 431–54, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-58468-4_177\">10.1007/3-540-58468-4_177</a>.","ieee":"A. Kapur, T. A. Henzinger, Z. Manna, and A. Pnueli, “Proving safety properties of hybrid systems,” in <i>3rd International Symposium on Formal Techniques in Real-Time and Fault-Tolerant Systems</i>, Lübeck, Germany, 1994, vol. 863, pp. 431–454.","chicago":"Kapur, Arjun, Thomas A Henzinger, Zohar Manna, and Amir Pnueli. “Proving Safety Properties of Hybrid Systems.” In <i>3rd International Symposium on Formal Techniques in Real-Time and Fault-Tolerant Systems</i>, 863:431–54. Springer, 1994. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-58468-4_177\">https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-58468-4_177</a>.","apa":"Kapur, A., Henzinger, T. A., Manna, Z., &#38; Pnueli, A. (1994). Proving safety properties of hybrid systems. In <i>3rd International Symposium on Formal Techniques in Real-Time and Fault-Tolerant Systems</i> (Vol. 863, pp. 431–454). Lübeck, Germany: Springer. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-58468-4_177\">https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-58468-4_177</a>"},"acknowledgement":"Supported in part by the National Science Foundation under grants CCR-92-23226 and CCR-9200794, by the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency under grants NAG2-703 and NAG2-892, by the United States Air Force Office of Scientific Research under contracts F49620-93-1-0139 and F49620-93-1-0056, and by the European Community ESPRIT Basic Research Action Project 6021 (REACT). Supported in part by a National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship.","status":"public","publist_id":"309","date_created":"2018-12-11T12:08:46Z","oa_version":"None","publisher":"Springer","publication":"3rd International Symposium on Formal Techniques in Real-Time and Fault-Tolerant Systems","title":"Proving safety properties of hybrid systems","extern":"1","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"We propose a methodology for the specification, verification, and design of hybrid systems. The methodology consists of the computational model of Concrete Phase Transition Systems (cptss), the specification language of Hybrid Temporal Logic (htl), the graphical system description language of Hybrid Automata, and a proof system for verifying that hybrid automata satisfy their HTL specifications. The novelty of the approach lies in the continuous-time logic, which allows specification of both point-based and interval-based properties (i.e., properties which describe changes over an interval) and provides direct references to derivatives of variables, and in the proof system that supports verification of point-based and interval-based properties. The proof rules demonstrate that sound and convenient induction rules can be established for continuous-time logics. The proof rules are illustrated on several examples."}]},{"publisher":"Springer","title":"Verification methods for the divergent runs of clock systems","publication":"3rd International Symposium on Formal Techniques in Real-Time and Fault-Tolerant Systems","publist_id":"287","oa_version":"None","date_created":"2018-12-11T12:08:52Z","extern":"1","abstract":[{"text":"We present a methodology for proving temporal properties of the divergent runs of reactive systems with real-valued clocks. A run diverges if time advances beyond any bound. Since the divergent runs of a system may satisfy liveness properties that are not satisfied by some convergent runs, the standard proof rules are incomplete if only divergent runs are considered. First, we develop a sound and complete proof calculus for divergence, which is based on translating clock systems into discrete systems. Then, we show that simpler proofs can be obtained for stronger divergence assumptions, such as unknown -divergence, which requires that all delays have a minimum duration of some unknown constant . We classify all real-time systems into an infinite hierarchy, according to how well they admit the translation of eventuality properties into equivalent safety properties.","lang":"eng"}],"type":"conference","user_id":"ea97e931-d5af-11eb-85d4-e6957dddbf17","page":"351 - 372","volume":863,"year":"1994","_id":"4440","status":"public","acknowledgement":"Supported in part by the National Science Foundation under grant CCR-9200794, by the United States Air Force Office of Scientific Research under contract F49620- 93-1-0056, and by the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency under grant NAG2-892.","citation":{"ama":"Henzinger TA, Kopke P. Verification methods for the divergent runs of clock systems. In: <i>3rd International Symposium on Formal Techniques in Real-Time and Fault-Tolerant Systems</i>. Vol 863. Springer; 1994:351-372. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-58468-4_173\">10.1007/3-540-58468-4_173</a>","mla":"Henzinger, Thomas A., and Peter Kopke. “Verification Methods for the Divergent Runs of Clock Systems.” <i>3rd International Symposium on Formal Techniques in Real-Time and Fault-Tolerant Systems</i>, vol. 863, Springer, 1994, pp. 351–72, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-58468-4_173\">10.1007/3-540-58468-4_173</a>.","ista":"Henzinger TA, Kopke P. 1994. Verification methods for the divergent runs of clock systems. 3rd International Symposium on Formal Techniques in Real-Time and Fault-Tolerant Systems. FTRTFT: Formal Techniques in Real-Time and Fault-Tolerant Systems, LNCS, vol. 863, 351–372.","short":"T.A. Henzinger, P. Kopke, in:, 3rd International Symposium on Formal Techniques in Real-Time and Fault-Tolerant Systems, Springer, 1994, pp. 351–372.","chicago":"Henzinger, Thomas A, and Peter Kopke. “Verification Methods for the Divergent Runs of Clock Systems.” In <i>3rd International Symposium on Formal Techniques in Real-Time and Fault-Tolerant Systems</i>, 863:351–72. Springer, 1994. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-58468-4_173\">https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-58468-4_173</a>.","ieee":"T. A. Henzinger and P. Kopke, “Verification methods for the divergent runs of clock systems,” in <i>3rd International Symposium on Formal Techniques in Real-Time and Fault-Tolerant Systems</i>, Lübeck, Gernany, 1994, vol. 863, pp. 351–372.","apa":"Henzinger, T. A., &#38; Kopke, P. (1994). Verification methods for the divergent runs of clock systems. In <i>3rd International Symposium on Formal Techniques in Real-Time and Fault-Tolerant Systems</i> (Vol. 863, pp. 351–372). Lübeck, Gernany: Springer. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-58468-4_173\">https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-58468-4_173</a>"},"conference":{"location":"Lübeck, Gernany","start_date":"1994-09-19","name":"FTRTFT: Formal Techniques in Real-Time and Fault-Tolerant Systems","end_date":"1994-09-23"},"alternative_title":["LNCS"],"date_updated":"2022-06-02T09:35:58Z","doi":"10.1007/3-540-58468-4_173","article_processing_charge":"No","author":[{"full_name":"Henzinger, Thomas A","id":"40876CD8-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","first_name":"Thomas A","last_name":"Henzinger","orcid":"0000−0002−2985−7724"},{"full_name":"Kopke, Peter","first_name":"Peter","last_name":"Kopke"}],"date_published":"1994-01-01T00:00:00Z","quality_controlled":"1","scopus_import":"1","publication_status":"published","intvolume":"       863","main_file_link":[{"url":"https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/3-540-58468-4_173"}],"day":"01","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"month":"01"},{"extern":"1","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"We extend the specification language of temporal logic, the corresponding verification framework, and the underlying computational model to deal with real-;time properties of reactive systems. The abstract notion of timed transition systems generalizes traditional transition systems conservatively: qualitative fairness requirements are replaced (and superseded) by quantitative lower-bound and upper-bound timing constraints on transitions. This framework can model real-time systems that communicate either through shared variables or by message passing and real-time issues such as timeouts, process priorities (interrupts), and process scheduling. We exhibit two styles for the specification of real-time systems. While the first approach uses time-bounded versions of the temporal operators, the second approach allows explicit references to time through a special clock variable. Corresponding to the two styles of specification, we present and compare two different proof methodologies for the verification of timing requirements that are expressed in these styles. For the bounded-operator style, we provide a set of proof rules for establishing bounded-invariance and bounded-responce properties of timed transition systems. This approach generalizes the standard temporal proof rules for verifying invariance and response properties conservatively. For the explicit-clock style, we exploit the observation that every time-bounded property is a safety property and use the standard temporal proof rules for establishing safety properties."}],"publisher":"Elsevier","publication":"Information and Computation","title":"Temporal proof methodologies for timed transition systems","publist_id":"227","date_created":"2018-12-11T12:09:10Z","oa_version":"None","issue":"2","article_type":"original","acknowledgement":"This research was supported in part by an IBM graduate fellowship, by the National Science Foundation under Grants CCR-9223226 and CCR-9200794. by the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency under Contract N00039-84-C-0211. by the United States Air Force OMee of Scientific Research under Contracts F49620-93-141139 and F4962043-1-0056. and by the European Community ESPRIT Basic Research Action Project 6021 (REACT). A preliminary version of Part 1 of this paper appeared in the proceedings of the 1991 REX Workshop on Real Time Theory In Prate [HMP92a I a preliminary version of Part II appeared in the proceedings of the 1991 ACM Symposium on Principles of Programming Languages RIMP911. ","status":"public","oa":1,"publication_identifier":{"issn":["0890-5401"]},"citation":{"mla":"Henzinger, Thomas A., et al. “Temporal Proof Methodologies for Timed Transition Systems.” <i>Information and Computation</i>, vol. 112, no. 2, Elsevier, 1994, pp. 273–337, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1006/inco.1994.1060\">10.1006/inco.1994.1060</a>.","short":"T.A. Henzinger, Z. Manna, A. Pnueli, Information and Computation 112 (1994) 273–337.","ista":"Henzinger TA, Manna Z, Pnueli A. 1994. Temporal proof methodologies for timed transition systems. Information and Computation. 112(2), 273–337.","ama":"Henzinger TA, Manna Z, Pnueli A. Temporal proof methodologies for timed transition systems. <i>Information and Computation</i>. 1994;112(2):273-337. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1006/inco.1994.1060\">10.1006/inco.1994.1060</a>","apa":"Henzinger, T. A., Manna, Z., &#38; Pnueli, A. (1994). Temporal proof methodologies for timed transition systems. <i>Information and Computation</i>. Elsevier. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1006/inco.1994.1060\">https://doi.org/10.1006/inco.1994.1060</a>","chicago":"Henzinger, Thomas A, Zohar Manna, and Amir Pnueli. “Temporal Proof Methodologies for Timed Transition Systems.” <i>Information and Computation</i>. Elsevier, 1994. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1006/inco.1994.1060\">https://doi.org/10.1006/inco.1994.1060</a>.","ieee":"T. A. Henzinger, Z. Manna, and A. Pnueli, “Temporal proof methodologies for timed transition systems,” <i>Information and Computation</i>, vol. 112, no. 2. Elsevier, pp. 273–337, 1994."},"user_id":"ea97e931-d5af-11eb-85d4-e6957dddbf17","type":"journal_article","volume":112,"page":"273 - 337","year":"1994","_id":"4501","article_processing_charge":"No","date_updated":"2022-06-02T09:24:58Z","doi":"10.1006/inco.1994.1060","author":[{"first_name":"Thomas A","last_name":"Henzinger","orcid":"0000−0002−2985−7724","full_name":"Henzinger, Thomas A","id":"40876CD8-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87"},{"full_name":"Manna, Zohar","last_name":"Manna","first_name":"Zohar"},{"full_name":"Pnueli, Amir","last_name":"Pnueli","first_name":"Amir"}],"date_published":"1994-08-01T00:00:00Z","quality_controlled":"1","scopus_import":"1","day":"01","month":"08","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"publication_status":"published","main_file_link":[{"url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0890540184710601?via%3Dihub","open_access":"1"}],"intvolume":"       112"},{"publication_identifier":{"issn":["0890-5401"]},"citation":{"apa":"Henzinger, T. A., Nicollin, X., Sifakis, J., &#38; Yovine, S. (1994). Symbolic model checking for real-time systems. <i>Information and Computation</i>. Elsevier. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1006/inco.1994.1045\">https://doi.org/10.1006/inco.1994.1045</a>","chicago":"Henzinger, Thomas A, Xavier Nicollin, Joseph Sifakis, and Sergio Yovine. “Symbolic Model Checking for Real-Time Systems.” <i>Information and Computation</i>. Elsevier, 1994. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1006/inco.1994.1045\">https://doi.org/10.1006/inco.1994.1045</a>.","ieee":"T. A. Henzinger, X. Nicollin, J. Sifakis, and S. Yovine, “Symbolic model checking for real-time systems,” <i>Information and Computation</i>, vol. 111, no. 2. Elsevier, pp. 193–244, 1994.","ista":"Henzinger TA, Nicollin X, Sifakis J, Yovine S. 1994. Symbolic model checking for real-time systems. Information and Computation. 111(2), 193–244.","mla":"Henzinger, Thomas A., et al. “Symbolic Model Checking for Real-Time Systems.” <i>Information and Computation</i>, vol. 111, no. 2, Elsevier, 1994, pp. 193–244, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1006/inco.1994.1045\">10.1006/inco.1994.1045</a>.","short":"T.A. Henzinger, X. Nicollin, J. Sifakis, S. Yovine, Information and Computation 111 (1994) 193–244.","ama":"Henzinger TA, Nicollin X, Sifakis J, Yovine S. Symbolic model checking for real-time systems. <i>Information and Computation</i>. 1994;111(2):193-244. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1006/inco.1994.1045\">10.1006/inco.1994.1045</a>"},"issue":"2","article_type":"original","acknowledgement":"We thank Peter Kopke for a careful reading.","status":"public","year":"1994","_id":"4503","user_id":"ea97e931-d5af-11eb-85d4-e6957dddbf17","type":"journal_article","volume":111,"page":"193 - 244","extern":"1","abstract":[{"text":"We describe finite-state programs over real-numbered time in a guarded-command language with real-valued clocks or, equivalently, as finite automata with real-valued clocks. Model checking answers the question which states of a real-time program satisfy a branching-time specification (given in an extension of CTL with clock variables). We develop an algorithm that computes this set of states symbolically as a fixpoint of a functional on state predicates, without constructing the state space. For this purpose, we introduce a μ-calculus on computation trees over real-numbered time. Unfortunately, many standard program properties, such as response for all nonzeno execution sequences (during which time diverges), cannot be characterized by fixpoints: we show that the expressiveness of the timed μ-calculus is incomparable to the expressiveness of timed CTL. Fortunately, this result does not impair the symbolic verification of &quot;implementable&quot; real-time programs-those whose safety constraints are machine-closed with respect to diverging time and whose fairness constraints are restricted to finite upper bounds on clock values. All timed CTL properties of such programs are shown to be computable as finitely approximable fixpoints in a simple decidable theory.","lang":"eng"}],"publist_id":"226","date_created":"2018-12-11T12:09:11Z","oa_version":"None","publisher":"Elsevier","publication":"Information and Computation","title":"Symbolic model checking for real-time systems","month":"06","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"day":"01","publication_status":"published","intvolume":"       111","main_file_link":[{"url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0890540184710455?via%3Dihub"}],"quality_controlled":"1","scopus_import":"1","article_processing_charge":"No","doi":"10.1006/inco.1994.1045","date_updated":"2022-06-02T09:02:02Z","date_published":"1994-06-01T00:00:00Z","author":[{"last_name":"Henzinger","orcid":"0000−0002−2985−7724","first_name":"Thomas A","id":"40876CD8-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","full_name":"Henzinger, Thomas A"},{"last_name":"Nicollin","first_name":"Xavier","full_name":"Nicollin, Xavier"},{"full_name":"Sifakis, Joseph","last_name":"Sifakis","first_name":"Joseph"},{"full_name":"Yovine, Sergio","first_name":"Sergio","last_name":"Yovine"}]},{"acknowledgement":"We are grateful for the photographic help of Mr. Akira Uesugi and the support of Drs. Satoru Fukuchi, Toshio Fukuda, Ritsu Hayashi, Mizuho Katsurada, Yutaka Kitani, Keiko Kumagai, Toshihiko  Kuroda,  Hiroshi Matsubara, Hiroshi Matsushima, Chisato Minakuchi, Masatoshi Nishio, Gonpei Niwa,  Hajime Oda, Masahiko Ohbayashi, Sei-ichi Ohbayashi, Hiroyasu Ohtsuka, Shigeo Tamaki, Eizo Watan- abe, Kazuo Yoshino, and Toshiaki Yoshino. This work was supported in  part by grants-in-aid from the Ministry of Education, Science, and Culture of Japan.","status":"public","external_id":{"pmid":["8227517"]},"article_type":"original","issue":"2","citation":{"short":"H. Ohishi, R. Shigemoto, S. Nakanishi, N. Mizuno, Journal of Comparative Neurology 335 (1993) 252–266.","ista":"Ohishi H, Shigemoto R, Nakanishi S, Mizuno N. 1993.  Distribution of the mRNA for a metabotropic glutamate receptor (mGluR3) in the rat brain: An in situ hybridization study. Journal of Comparative Neurology. 335(2), 252–266.","mla":"Ohishi, Hitoshi, et al. “ Distribution of the MRNA for a Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor (MGluR3) in the Rat Brain: An in Situ Hybridization Study.” <i>Journal of Comparative Neurology</i>, vol. 335, no. 2, Wiley-Blackwell, 1993, pp. 252–66, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1002/cne.903350209\">10.1002/cne.903350209</a>.","ama":"Ohishi H, Shigemoto R, Nakanishi S, Mizuno N.  Distribution of the mRNA for a metabotropic glutamate receptor (mGluR3) in the rat brain: An in situ hybridization study. <i>Journal of Comparative Neurology</i>. 1993;335(2):252-266. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1002/cne.903350209\">10.1002/cne.903350209</a>","apa":"Ohishi, H., Shigemoto, R., Nakanishi, S., &#38; Mizuno, N. (1993).  Distribution of the mRNA for a metabotropic glutamate receptor (mGluR3) in the rat brain: An in situ hybridization study. <i>Journal of Comparative Neurology</i>. Wiley-Blackwell. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1002/cne.903350209\">https://doi.org/10.1002/cne.903350209</a>","ieee":"H. Ohishi, R. Shigemoto, S. Nakanishi, and N. Mizuno, “ Distribution of the mRNA for a metabotropic glutamate receptor (mGluR3) in the rat brain: An in situ hybridization study,” <i>Journal of Comparative Neurology</i>, vol. 335, no. 2. Wiley-Blackwell, pp. 252–266, 1993.","chicago":"Ohishi, Hitoshi, Ryuichi Shigemoto, Shigetada Nakanishi, and Noboru Mizuno. “ Distribution of the MRNA for a Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor (MGluR3) in the Rat Brain: An in Situ Hybridization Study.” <i>Journal of Comparative Neurology</i>. Wiley-Blackwell, 1993. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1002/cne.903350209\">https://doi.org/10.1002/cne.903350209</a>."},"publication_identifier":{"issn":["0021-9967"]},"page":"252 - 266","volume":335,"type":"journal_article","user_id":"ea97e931-d5af-11eb-85d4-e6957dddbf17","_id":"2487","year":"1993","abstract":[{"text":"Distribution of the mRNA for a metabotropic glutamate receptor, mGluR3, which is coupled to the inhibitory cAMP cascade, was examined in the central nervous system of the adult albino rat by in situ hybridization. The hybridization signals of mGluR3 were detected not only on neuronal cells but also on many glial cells throughout the brain and spinal cord. In the neuronal cells, prominent expression of mGluR3 mRNA was seen in the thalamic reticular nucleus. Moderately labeled neurons were seen in the anterior olfactory nucleus, cerebral neo- and mesocortical regions, lateral amygdaloid nucleus, ventral part of the basolateral amygdaloid nucleus, dorsal endopiriform nucleus, supraoptic nucleus, superficial layers of the superior colliculus, inferior colliculus, interpeduncular nucleus, superior olivary nuclei, and Golgi cells in the cerebellar cortex. Weakly labeled neurons were observed in the striatum, nucleus accumbens, ventral pallidum, globus pallidus, entopeduncular nucleus, lateral hypothalamic area, hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus, medial habenular nucleus, anterior pretectal nucleus, Barrington's nucleus, Nucleus O, paragenual nucleus, trigeminal sensory complex, cochlear nuclei, dorsal motor nucleus of the trigeminal nerve, dorsal cap of the inferior olive, spinal dorsal horn, and lamina X of the spinal cord. The stellate cells in the cerebellar cortex, and neurons in the deep cerebellar nuclei were also labeled weakly. The granule cell layer of the dentate gyrus, as a whole, appeared to be labeled intensely, but each of the granule cells was labeled only weakly. No significant labeling was detected in the mitral and tufted cells in the olfactory bulb, hippocampal pyramidal cells, Purkinje and granule cells in the cerebellar cortex, or somatic motoneurons. The distribution of mGluR3 mRNA in particular neurons and glial cells indicates specific roles of mGluR3 in the glutamatergic system of the central nervous system.","lang":"eng"}],"extern":"1","title":" Distribution of the mRNA for a metabotropic glutamate receptor (mGluR3) in the rat brain: An in situ hybridization study","publication":"Journal of Comparative Neurology","publisher":"Wiley-Blackwell","oa_version":"None","date_created":"2018-12-11T11:57:57Z","publist_id":"4414","pmid":1,"day":"08","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"month":"09","intvolume":"       335","main_file_link":[{"url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/cne.903350209"}],"publication_status":"published","date_published":"1993-09-08T00:00:00Z","author":[{"full_name":"Ohishi, Hitoshi","last_name":"Ohishi","first_name":"Hitoshi"},{"first_name":"Ryuichi","last_name":"Shigemoto","orcid":"0000-0001-8761-9444","full_name":"Shigemoto, Ryuichi","id":"499F3ABC-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87"},{"first_name":"Shigetada","last_name":"Nakanishi","full_name":"Nakanishi, Shigetada"},{"last_name":"Mizuno","first_name":"Noboru","full_name":"Mizuno, Noboru"}],"doi":"10.1002/cne.903350209","date_updated":"2022-06-01T11:58:11Z","article_processing_charge":"No","quality_controlled":"1"},{"page":"11868 - 11873","volume":268,"type":"journal_article","user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","_id":"2536","year":"1993","acknowledgement":"This work was supported in part by research grants from the Ministry of Education, Science and Culture of Japan, the Ministry of Health and Welfare, the Yamanouchi Foundation for Research on Metabolic Disorders, the Uehara Memorial Foundation, and the Inamori Foundation. The costs of publication of this article were defrayed in part by the payment of page charges. This article must therefore be hereby marked “advertisement” in accordance with 18 U.S.C. Section 1734 solely to indicate this fact. \r\n\r\nWe are grateful to Akira Uesugi for photographic assistance.","oa":1,"status":"public","article_type":"original","external_id":{"pmid":["8389366"]},"issue":"16","citation":{"apa":"Nakajima, Y., Iwakabe, H., Akazawa, C., Nawa, H., Shigemoto, R., Mizuno, N., &#38; Nakanishi, S. (1993). Molecular characterization of a novel retinal metabotropic glutamate receptor mGluR6 with a high agonist selectivity for L-2-amino-4- phosphonobutyrate. <i>Journal of Biological Chemistry</i>. American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9258(19)50280-0\">https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9258(19)50280-0</a>","ieee":"Y. Nakajima <i>et al.</i>, “Molecular characterization of a novel retinal metabotropic glutamate receptor mGluR6 with a high agonist selectivity for L-2-amino-4- phosphonobutyrate,” <i>Journal of Biological Chemistry</i>, vol. 268, no. 16. American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, pp. 11868–11873, 1993.","chicago":"Nakajima, Yoshiaki, Hideki Iwakabe, Chihiro Akazawa, Hiroyuki Nawa, Ryuichi Shigemoto, Noboru Mizuno, and Shigetada Nakanishi. “Molecular Characterization of a Novel Retinal Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor MGluR6 with a High Agonist Selectivity for L-2-Amino-4- Phosphonobutyrate.” <i>Journal of Biological Chemistry</i>. American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 1993. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9258(19)50280-0\">https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9258(19)50280-0</a>.","short":"Y. Nakajima, H. Iwakabe, C. Akazawa, H. Nawa, R. Shigemoto, N. Mizuno, S. Nakanishi, Journal of Biological Chemistry 268 (1993) 11868–11873.","ista":"Nakajima Y, Iwakabe H, Akazawa C, Nawa H, Shigemoto R, Mizuno N, Nakanishi S. 1993. Molecular characterization of a novel retinal metabotropic glutamate receptor mGluR6 with a high agonist selectivity for L-2-amino-4- phosphonobutyrate. Journal of Biological Chemistry. 268(16), 11868–11873.","mla":"Nakajima, Yoshiaki, et al. “Molecular Characterization of a Novel Retinal Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor MGluR6 with a High Agonist Selectivity for L-2-Amino-4- Phosphonobutyrate.” <i>Journal of Biological Chemistry</i>, vol. 268, no. 16, American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 1993, pp. 11868–73, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9258(19)50280-0\">10.1016/S0021-9258(19)50280-0</a>.","ama":"Nakajima Y, Iwakabe H, Akazawa C, et al. Molecular characterization of a novel retinal metabotropic glutamate receptor mGluR6 with a high agonist selectivity for L-2-amino-4- phosphonobutyrate. <i>Journal of Biological Chemistry</i>. 1993;268(16):11868-11873. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9258(19)50280-0\">10.1016/S0021-9258(19)50280-0</a>"},"publication_identifier":{"issn":["0021-9258"]},"title":"Molecular characterization of a novel retinal metabotropic glutamate receptor mGluR6 with a high agonist selectivity for L-2-amino-4- phosphonobutyrate","publication":"Journal of Biological Chemistry","publisher":"American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology","oa_version":"Published Version","date_created":"2018-12-11T11:58:15Z","publist_id":"4362","abstract":[{"text":"A cDNA clone for a new metabotropic glutamate receptor, termed mGluR6, was isolated from a rat retinal cDNA library by cross-hybridization with the previously isolated cDNA clone for a metabotropic glutamate receptor. The cloned mGluR6 subtype consists of 871 amino acid residues and exhibits a structural architecture common to the metabotropic receptor family, possessing a large extracellular domain preceding the seven putative membrane-spanning domains. mGluR6 shows the highest sequence similarity to mGluR4 among the metabotropic receptor subtypes and inhibits the forskolin- stimulated cyclic AMP accumulation in Chinese hamster ovary cells transfected with the cloned cDNA. mGluR6 potently reacts with L-2-amino-4- phosphonobutyrate (L-AP4) and L-serine-O-phosphate, and the potencies of these compounds are one order of magnitude greater than that of L-glutamate. Blot and in situ hybridization analyses indicated that mGluR6 mRNA is restrictedly expressed in the inner nuclear layer of the retina where ON- bipolar cells are distributed. The metabotropic receptor that responds strongly to L-AP4 and L-serine-O-phosphate in ON-bipolar cells is known to mediate glutamate synaptic transmission between photoreceptor cells and ON- bipolar cells. On the basis of the agonist selectivity of mGluR6 and its specific expression in retinal cells, the physiological role of this receptor subtype in the visual system is discussed.","lang":"eng"}],"extern":"1","intvolume":"       268","main_file_link":[{"open_access":"1","url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9258(19)50280-0"}],"publication_status":"published","pmid":1,"day":"05","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"month":"06","date_published":"1993-06-05T00:00:00Z","author":[{"full_name":"Nakajima, Yoshiaki","last_name":"Nakajima","first_name":"Yoshiaki"},{"first_name":"Hideki","last_name":"Iwakabe","full_name":"Iwakabe, Hideki"},{"full_name":"Akazawa, Chihiro","first_name":"Chihiro","last_name":"Akazawa"},{"full_name":"Nawa, Hiroyuki","first_name":"Hiroyuki","last_name":"Nawa"},{"full_name":"Shigemoto, Ryuichi","id":"499F3ABC-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","first_name":"Ryuichi","orcid":"0000-0001-8761-9444","last_name":"Shigemoto"},{"full_name":"Mizuno, Noboru","first_name":"Noboru","last_name":"Mizuno"},{"full_name":"Nakanishi, Shigetada","last_name":"Nakanishi","first_name":"Shigetada"}],"doi":"10.1016/S0021-9258(19)50280-0","date_updated":"2022-04-26T06:56:15Z","article_processing_charge":"No","scopus_import":"1","quality_controlled":"1"},{"publication":"Journal of Neuroscience","title":"Signal transduction, pharmacological properties, and expression patterns of two rat metabotropic glutamate receptors, mGluR3 and mGluR4","publisher":"Society for Neuroscience","date_created":"2018-12-11T11:58:15Z","oa_version":"Published Version","publist_id":"4361","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"The metabotropic glutamate receptors are coupled to intracellular signal transduction via G-proteins and consist of a family of at least five different subtypes, termed mGluR1-mGluR5. We studied the signal transduction mechanism and pharmacological characteristics of the rat mGluR3 and mGluR4 subtypes in Chinese hamster ovary cells permanently expressing the cloned receptors. Both mGluR3 and mGluR4 inhibit the forskolin-stimulated accumulation of intracellular cAMP formation in response to agonist interaction. Consistent with the high degree of sequence similarity to mGluR2, mGluR3 closely resembles mGluR2 in its agonist selectivity; the potency rank order of agonists is L-glutamate &gt; trans-1-aminocyclopentane- 1,3-dicarboxylate &gt; ibotenate &gt; quisqualate. mGluR4 is totally different in its agonist specificity from any other member of the metabotropic receptors. This receptor potently reacts with L-2-amino-4-phosphonobutyrate(L-AP4) in a stereo-selective manner and moderately responds to L-serine-O-phosphate. mGluR4 thus corresponds well to the putative L-AP4 receptor characterized from brain preparations. Blot and in situ hybridization analyses indicated that both mRNAs are widely distributed in the rat brain. mGluR3 mRNA is highly expressed in neuronal cells of the cerebral cortex and the caudate- putamen, and in granule cells of the hippocampal dentate gyrus. The expression pattern of mGluR4 mRNA is more restricted, and this expression is prominent in the cerebellum, olfactory bulb, and thalamus. Furthermore, the mGluR3 mRNA, unlike the other mRNAs for the metabotropic receptors, is highly expressed in glial cells throughout the brain regions. The metabotropic glutamate receptor subtypes can thus be classified into three subgroups according to the similarity in their amino acid sequences, signal transduction, and agonist selectivity: mGluR1/mGluR5, mGluR2/mGluR3, and mGluR4. The mRNAs for the individual receptor subtypes, however, show overlapping but distinct patterns of expression in the rat CNS."}],"extern":"1","volume":13,"page":"1372 - 1378","user_id":"ea97e931-d5af-11eb-85d4-e6957dddbf17","type":"journal_article","_id":"2537","year":"1993","oa":1,"acknowledgement":"We are grateful to Mr. Akira Uesugi for photographic assistance. This work was  supported in part by research grants from the Ministry of Education, Science and Culture of Japan, the Ministry of Health and Welfare of Japan, the Uehara Memorial Foundation, and the Semi Life Science Foundation. ","status":"public","issue":"4","article_type":"original","external_id":{"pmid":["8463825"]},"citation":{"ama":"Tanabe Y, Nomura A, Masu M, Shigemoto R, Mizuno N, Nakanishi S. Signal transduction, pharmacological properties, and expression patterns of two rat metabotropic glutamate receptors, mGluR3 and mGluR4. <i>Journal of Neuroscience</i>. 1993;13(4):1372-1378. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.13-04-01372.1993\">10.1523/JNEUROSCI.13-04-01372.1993</a>","mla":"Tanabe, Yasuto, et al. “Signal Transduction, Pharmacological Properties, and Expression Patterns of Two Rat Metabotropic Glutamate Receptors, MGluR3 and MGluR4.” <i>Journal of Neuroscience</i>, vol. 13, no. 4, Society for Neuroscience, 1993, pp. 1372–78, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.13-04-01372.1993\">10.1523/JNEUROSCI.13-04-01372.1993</a>.","ista":"Tanabe Y, Nomura A, Masu M, Shigemoto R, Mizuno N, Nakanishi S. 1993. Signal transduction, pharmacological properties, and expression patterns of two rat metabotropic glutamate receptors, mGluR3 and mGluR4. Journal of Neuroscience. 13(4), 1372–1378.","short":"Y. Tanabe, A. Nomura, M. Masu, R. Shigemoto, N. Mizuno, S. Nakanishi, Journal of Neuroscience 13 (1993) 1372–1378.","chicago":"Tanabe, Yasuto, Akinori Nomura, Masayuki Masu, Ryuichi Shigemoto, Noboru Mizuno, and Shigetada Nakanishi. “Signal Transduction, Pharmacological Properties, and Expression Patterns of Two Rat Metabotropic Glutamate Receptors, MGluR3 and MGluR4.” <i>Journal of Neuroscience</i>. Society for Neuroscience, 1993. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.13-04-01372.1993\">https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.13-04-01372.1993</a>.","ieee":"Y. Tanabe, A. Nomura, M. Masu, R. Shigemoto, N. Mizuno, and S. Nakanishi, “Signal transduction, pharmacological properties, and expression patterns of two rat metabotropic glutamate receptors, mGluR3 and mGluR4,” <i>Journal of Neuroscience</i>, vol. 13, no. 4. Society for Neuroscience, pp. 1372–1378, 1993.","apa":"Tanabe, Y., Nomura, A., Masu, M., Shigemoto, R., Mizuno, N., &#38; Nakanishi, S. (1993). Signal transduction, pharmacological properties, and expression patterns of two rat metabotropic glutamate receptors, mGluR3 and mGluR4. <i>Journal of Neuroscience</i>. Society for Neuroscience. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.13-04-01372.1993\">https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.13-04-01372.1993</a>"},"publication_identifier":{"issn":["0270-6474"]},"date_published":"1993-04-01T00:00:00Z","author":[{"first_name":"Yasuto","last_name":"Tanabe","full_name":"Tanabe, Yasuto"},{"full_name":"Nomura, Akinori","first_name":"Akinori","last_name":"Nomura"},{"first_name":"Masayuki","last_name":"Masu","full_name":"Masu, Masayuki"},{"first_name":"Ryuichi","orcid":"0000-0001-8761-9444","last_name":"Shigemoto","full_name":"Shigemoto, Ryuichi","id":"499F3ABC-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87"},{"full_name":"Mizuno, Noboru","last_name":"Mizuno","first_name":"Noboru"},{"last_name":"Nakanishi","first_name":"Shigetada","full_name":"Nakanishi, Shigetada"}],"article_processing_charge":"No","doi":"10.1523/JNEUROSCI.13-04-01372.1993","date_updated":"2022-03-31T14:49:42Z","scopus_import":"1","quality_controlled":"1","main_file_link":[{"open_access":"1","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8463825/"}],"intvolume":"        13","publication_status":"published","pmid":1,"day":"01","month":"04","language":[{"iso":"eng"}]},{"author":[{"last_name":"Iwai","first_name":"Masazumi","full_name":"Iwai, Masazumi"},{"full_name":"Hori, Seiji","last_name":"Hori","first_name":"Seiji"},{"id":"499F3ABC-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","full_name":"Shigemoto, Ryuichi","orcid":"0000-0001-8761-9444","last_name":"Shigemoto","first_name":"Ryuichi"},{"first_name":"Hideharu","last_name":"Kanzaki","full_name":"Kanzaki, Hideharu"},{"first_name":"Takahide","last_name":"Mori","full_name":"Mori, Takahide"},{"first_name":"Shigetada","last_name":"Nakanishi","full_name":"Nakanishi, Shigetada"}],"date_published":"1993-10-01T00:00:00Z","date_updated":"2022-03-31T12:32:51Z","doi":"10.1095/biolreprod49.4.675","article_processing_charge":"No","scopus_import":"1","quality_controlled":"1","pmid":1,"day":"01","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"month":"10","intvolume":"        49","main_file_link":[{"open_access":"1","url":"https://academic.oup.com/biolreprod/article/49/4/675/2762375?login=true"}],"publication_status":"published","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"Rat mRNAs encoding two subtypes of the endothelin (ET) receptor (ET(A) and ET(B)) were studied in the rat ovary and fallopian tube by means of Northern blotting and in situ hybridization. The mRNA transcripts for the endothelin- 1-specific type receptor (ET(A)) in pooled RNA from the ovary and fallopian tube were 4.2 and 5.2 kilonucleotides, and that for the nonselective type receptor (ET(B)) was 4.7 kilonucleotides; these were similar to transcripts for endothelin receptors from other tissues. ET(A) mRNA expression was abundant in the muscle cell layer of the fallopian tube, but low in the ovary. On the other hand, ET(B) mRNA was abundant in the granulosa cells in the developing follicles, but low in atretic follicles and absent in the fallopian tube. These results demonstrated that the mRNAs for the two subtypes of the rat endothelin receptor have different expression profiles in the ovary and fallopian tube. ETs may mainly affect the granulosa cells in the dominant follicles as well as the muscle cells of the fallopian tube through ET(B) and ET(A), respectively."}],"extern":"1","title":"Localization of endothelin receptor messenger ribonucleic acid in the rat ovary and fallopian tube by in situ hybridization","publication":"Biology of Reproduction","publisher":"Society for the Study of Reproduction","oa_version":"Published Version","date_created":"2018-12-11T11:58:16Z","publist_id":"4359","status":"public","acknowledgement":"We thank Ms. Fumiko Kosaka for her excellent technical assistance.","oa":1,"article_type":"original","external_id":{"pmid":["8218631"]},"issue":"4","citation":{"apa":"Iwai, M., Hori, S., Shigemoto, R., Kanzaki, H., Mori, T., &#38; Nakanishi, S. (1993). Localization of endothelin receptor messenger ribonucleic acid in the rat ovary and fallopian tube by in situ hybridization. <i>Biology of Reproduction</i>. Society for the Study of Reproduction. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1095/biolreprod49.4.675\">https://doi.org/10.1095/biolreprod49.4.675</a>","chicago":"Iwai, Masazumi, Seiji Hori, Ryuichi Shigemoto, Hideharu Kanzaki, Takahide Mori, and Shigetada Nakanishi. “Localization of Endothelin Receptor Messenger Ribonucleic Acid in the Rat Ovary and Fallopian Tube by in Situ Hybridization.” <i>Biology of Reproduction</i>. Society for the Study of Reproduction, 1993. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1095/biolreprod49.4.675\">https://doi.org/10.1095/biolreprod49.4.675</a>.","ieee":"M. Iwai, S. Hori, R. Shigemoto, H. Kanzaki, T. Mori, and S. Nakanishi, “Localization of endothelin receptor messenger ribonucleic acid in the rat ovary and fallopian tube by in situ hybridization,” <i>Biology of Reproduction</i>, vol. 49, no. 4. Society for the Study of Reproduction, pp. 675–680, 1993.","mla":"Iwai, Masazumi, et al. “Localization of Endothelin Receptor Messenger Ribonucleic Acid in the Rat Ovary and Fallopian Tube by in Situ Hybridization.” <i>Biology of Reproduction</i>, vol. 49, no. 4, Society for the Study of Reproduction, 1993, pp. 675–80, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1095/biolreprod49.4.675\">10.1095/biolreprod49.4.675</a>.","short":"M. Iwai, S. Hori, R. Shigemoto, H. Kanzaki, T. Mori, S. Nakanishi, Biology of Reproduction 49 (1993) 675–680.","ista":"Iwai M, Hori S, Shigemoto R, Kanzaki H, Mori T, Nakanishi S. 1993. Localization of endothelin receptor messenger ribonucleic acid in the rat ovary and fallopian tube by in situ hybridization. Biology of Reproduction. 49(4), 675–680.","ama":"Iwai M, Hori S, Shigemoto R, Kanzaki H, Mori T, Nakanishi S. Localization of endothelin receptor messenger ribonucleic acid in the rat ovary and fallopian tube by in situ hybridization. <i>Biology of Reproduction</i>. 1993;49(4):675-680. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1095/biolreprod49.4.675\">10.1095/biolreprod49.4.675</a>"},"publication_identifier":{"issn":["0006-3363"]},"page":"675 - 680","volume":49,"type":"journal_article","user_id":"ea97e931-d5af-11eb-85d4-e6957dddbf17","_id":"2538","year":"1993"},{"pmid":1,"day":"05","month":"02","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"intvolume":"       268","main_file_link":[{"url":"https://www.jbc.org/article/S0021-9258(18)53849-7/fulltext","open_access":"1"}],"publication_status":"published","date_published":"1993-02-05T00:00:00Z","author":[{"full_name":"Ishii, Takahiro","first_name":"Takahiro","last_name":"Ishii"},{"first_name":"Koki","last_name":"Moriyoshi","full_name":"Moriyoshi, Koki"},{"first_name":"Hidemitsu","last_name":"Sugihara","full_name":"Sugihara, Hidemitsu"},{"full_name":"Sakurada, Kazuhir","first_name":"Kazuhir","last_name":"Sakurada"},{"full_name":"Kadotani, Hiroshi","first_name":"Hiroshi","last_name":"Kadotani"},{"full_name":"Yokoi, Mineto","last_name":"Yokoi","first_name":"Mineto"},{"full_name":"Akazawa, Chihiro","first_name":"Chihiro","last_name":"Akazawa"},{"id":"499F3ABC-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","full_name":"Shigemoto, Ryuichi","last_name":"Shigemoto","orcid":"0000-0001-8761-9444","first_name":"Ryuichi"},{"full_name":"Mizuno, Noboru","last_name":"Mizuno","first_name":"Noboru"},{"last_name":"Masu","first_name":"Masayuki","full_name":"Masu, Masayuki"},{"first_name":"Shigetada","last_name":"Nakanishi","full_name":"Nakanishi, Shigetada"}],"article_processing_charge":"No","date_updated":"2022-03-31T14:29:17Z","doi":"10.1016/s0021-9258(18)53849-7 ","scopus_import":"1","quality_controlled":"1","status":"public","oa":1,"acknowledgement":"This work was supported in part by research grants from the Ministry of Education, Science, and Culture of Japan, the Ministry of Health and Welfare of Japan, the Senri Life Science Foundation, and Yamanouchi Foundation for Research on Metabolic Disorders. The costs of publication of this article were defrayed in part by the payment of page charges. This article must therefore be hereby marked “aduertisement” in accordance with 18 U.S.C. Section 1734 solely to indicate this fact.","issue":"4","external_id":{"pmid":["8428958"]},"article_type":"original","citation":{"mla":"Ishii, Takahiro, et al. “Molecular Characterization of the Family of the N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Receptor Subunits.” <i>Journal of Biological Chemistry</i>, vol. 268, no. 4, American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 1993, pp. 2836–43, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0021-9258(18)53849-7 \">10.1016/s0021-9258(18)53849-7 </a>.","ista":"Ishii T, Moriyoshi K, Sugihara H, Sakurada K, Kadotani H, Yokoi M, Akazawa C, Shigemoto R, Mizuno N, Masu M, Nakanishi S. 1993. Molecular characterization of the family of the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor subunits. Journal of Biological Chemistry. 268(4), 2836–2843.","short":"T. Ishii, K. Moriyoshi, H. Sugihara, K. Sakurada, H. Kadotani, M. Yokoi, C. Akazawa, R. Shigemoto, N. Mizuno, M. Masu, S. Nakanishi, Journal of Biological Chemistry 268 (1993) 2836–2843.","ama":"Ishii T, Moriyoshi K, Sugihara H, et al. Molecular characterization of the family of the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor subunits. <i>Journal of Biological Chemistry</i>. 1993;268(4):2836-2843. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0021-9258(18)53849-7 \">10.1016/s0021-9258(18)53849-7 </a>","apa":"Ishii, T., Moriyoshi, K., Sugihara, H., Sakurada, K., Kadotani, H., Yokoi, M., … Nakanishi, S. (1993). Molecular characterization of the family of the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor subunits. <i>Journal of Biological Chemistry</i>. American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0021-9258(18)53849-7 \">https://doi.org/10.1016/s0021-9258(18)53849-7 </a>","ieee":"T. Ishii <i>et al.</i>, “Molecular characterization of the family of the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor subunits,” <i>Journal of Biological Chemistry</i>, vol. 268, no. 4. American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, pp. 2836–2843, 1993.","chicago":"Ishii, Takahiro, Koki Moriyoshi, Hidemitsu Sugihara, Kazuhir Sakurada, Hiroshi Kadotani, Mineto Yokoi, Chihiro Akazawa, et al. “Molecular Characterization of the Family of the N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Receptor Subunits.” <i>Journal of Biological Chemistry</i>. American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 1993. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0021-9258(18)53849-7 \">https://doi.org/10.1016/s0021-9258(18)53849-7 </a>."},"publication_identifier":{"issn":["0021-9258"]},"volume":268,"page":"2836 - 2843","user_id":"ea97e931-d5af-11eb-85d4-e6957dddbf17","type":"journal_article","_id":"2539","year":"1993","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"cDNA clones for four different N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor subunits (NMDAR2A-NMDAR2D) were isolated through polymerase chain reactions followed by molecular screening of a rat brain cDNA library. These subunits are only about 15% identical with the key subunit of the NMDA receptor (NMDAR1) but are highly homologous (~50% homology) with one another. They also commonly possess large hydrophilic domains at both amino- and carboxyl- terminal sides of the four putative transmembrane segments. NMDAR2A and NMDAR2C expressed individually in Xenopus oocytes showed no electrophysiological response to agonists. However, these subunits in combined expression with NMDAR1 markedly potentiated the NMDAR1 activity and produced functional variability in the affinity of agonists, the effectiveness of antagonists, and the sensitivity to Mg2+ blockade. Thus, NMDAR1 is essential for the function of the NMDA receptor, and multiple NMDAR2 subunits potentiate and differentiate the function of the NMDA receptor by forming different heteromeric configurations with NMDAR1. Northern blotting and in situ hybridization analyses revealed that the expressions of individual mRNAs for the NMDAR2 subunits overlap in some brain regions but are also specialized in many other regions. This investigation demonstrates the anatomical and functional differences of the NMDAR2 subunits, which provide the molecular basis for the functional diversity of the NMDA receptor."}],"extern":"1","publication":"Journal of Biological Chemistry","title":"Molecular characterization of the family of the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor subunits","publisher":"American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology","date_created":"2018-12-11T11:58:16Z","oa_version":"Published Version","publist_id":"4360"},{"date_published":"1993-01-01T00:00:00Z","author":[{"full_name":"Ohishi, Hitoshi","last_name":"Ohishi","first_name":"Hitoshi"},{"full_name":"Shigemoto, Ryuichi","id":"499F3ABC-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","first_name":"Ryuichi","orcid":"0000-0001-8761-9444","last_name":"Shigemoto"},{"last_name":"Nakanishi","first_name":"Shigetada","full_name":"Nakanishi, Shigetada"},{"full_name":"Mizuno, Noboru","last_name":"Mizuno","first_name":"Noboru"}],"doi":"10.1016/0306-4522(93)90485-X","date_updated":"2022-03-31T12:19:44Z","article_processing_charge":"No","scopus_import":"1","quality_controlled":"1","pmid":1,"day":"01","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"month":"01","main_file_link":[{"url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/030645229390485X?via%3Dihub"}],"intvolume":"        53","publication_status":"published","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"Distribution of the messenger RNA for a metabotropic glutamate receptor, mGluR2, which is coupled to the inhibitory cyclic AMP cascade, was investigated in the central nervous system of the adult rat by in situ hybridization. Transcripts of mGluR2 were specifically localized to neuronal cells of the brain. Although the hybridization signals were widely distributed in the brain, the most prominent expression of mGluR2 messenger RNA was seen in Golgi cells of the cerebellum. Marked expression of mGluR2 messenger RNA was further observed in the mitral cells of the accessory olfactory bulb, neurons in the external part of the anterior olfactory nucleus, and pyramidal neurons in the entorhinal and parasubicular cortical regions. The granule cells of the accessory olfactory bulb, and many pyramidal and non-pyramidal neurons in the neocortical, cingulate, retrosplenial and subicular cortices, were moderately labeled. All of the granule cells in the dentate gyrus were also labeled moderately, whereas no significant hybridization signals were detected in Ammon's horn. In the basal forebrain regions, moderately labeled neurons were distributed in the triangular septal nucleus, in the lateral, basolateral and basomedial amygdaloid nuclei, and in the medial mammillary nucleus. Weakly labeled neurons were sparsely scattered in the striatum, globus pallidus, ventral pallidum and claustrum. The subthalamic nucleus was also labeled weakly. No significant labeling was found in the entopeduncular nucleus and substantia nigra. In the thalamus, moderately labeled neurons were distributed in the anterodorsal, anteromedial, ventromedial, intralaminar and midline nuclei; the ventrolateral part of the anteroventral nucleus and the rostral pole of the ventrolateral nucleus also contained moderately labeled neurons. No significant labeling was found in the thalamic reticular, submedius, ventroposterior, lateral geniculate and medial geniculate nuclei. In the lower brainstem, labeling was generally weak. No significant hybridization signals were found in the spinal cord. Some neurons in the inner part of the inner nuclear layer of the retina and some retinal ganglion cells were labeled moderately. The pattern of distribution of mGluR2 messenger RNA revealed in the present study indicates specific roles of mGluR2 in the glutamatergic system in the brain."}],"extern":"1","title":"Distribution of the messenger RNA for a metabotropic glutamate receptor, mGluR2, in the central nervous system of the rat","publication":"Neuroscience","publisher":"Elsevier","oa_version":"None","date_created":"2018-12-11T11:58:16Z","publist_id":"4358","acknowledgement":"We are grateful for the photographic help of Mr Akira Uesugi and the support of Drs Ryosuke Fujimori, Satoru Fukuchi, Toshio Fukuda, Ritsu Hayashi, Sozaburo Hayashi, Mizuho Katsurada, Yutaka Kitani, Keiko Kumagai, Hiroshi Kuroda, Toshio Kuroda, Hiroshi Matsubara. Hiroshi Matsushima. Chisato Minakuchi. Masatoshi ‘Nishio, Gonpei Niwa, Hajime Oda, Masahiko Ohbayashi, Seiichi Ohbayashi, Hiroyasu Ohtsuka, Shigeo Tamaki, Eizo Watanabe, Kazuo Yoshino and Toshiaki Yoshino. This work was supported in part by Grants-in-Aid from the Ministry of Education, Science and Culture of Japan.","status":"public","article_type":"original","external_id":{"pmid":["8389425"]},"issue":"4","citation":{"ieee":"H. Ohishi, R. Shigemoto, S. Nakanishi, and N. Mizuno, “Distribution of the messenger RNA for a metabotropic glutamate receptor, mGluR2, in the central nervous system of the rat,” <i>Neuroscience</i>, vol. 53, no. 4. Elsevier, pp. 1009–1018, 1993.","chicago":"Ohishi, Hitoshi, Ryuichi Shigemoto, Shigetada Nakanishi, and Noboru Mizuno. “Distribution of the Messenger RNA for a Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor, MGluR2, in the Central Nervous System of the Rat.” <i>Neuroscience</i>. Elsevier, 1993. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/0306-4522(93)90485-X\">https://doi.org/10.1016/0306-4522(93)90485-X</a>.","apa":"Ohishi, H., Shigemoto, R., Nakanishi, S., &#38; Mizuno, N. (1993). Distribution of the messenger RNA for a metabotropic glutamate receptor, mGluR2, in the central nervous system of the rat. <i>Neuroscience</i>. Elsevier. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/0306-4522(93)90485-X\">https://doi.org/10.1016/0306-4522(93)90485-X</a>","ama":"Ohishi H, Shigemoto R, Nakanishi S, Mizuno N. Distribution of the messenger RNA for a metabotropic glutamate receptor, mGluR2, in the central nervous system of the rat. <i>Neuroscience</i>. 1993;53(4):1009-1018. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/0306-4522(93)90485-X\">10.1016/0306-4522(93)90485-X</a>","ista":"Ohishi H, Shigemoto R, Nakanishi S, Mizuno N. 1993. Distribution of the messenger RNA for a metabotropic glutamate receptor, mGluR2, in the central nervous system of the rat. Neuroscience. 53(4), 1009–1018.","short":"H. Ohishi, R. Shigemoto, S. Nakanishi, N. Mizuno, Neuroscience 53 (1993) 1009–1018.","mla":"Ohishi, Hitoshi, et al. “Distribution of the Messenger RNA for a Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor, MGluR2, in the Central Nervous System of the Rat.” <i>Neuroscience</i>, vol. 53, no. 4, Elsevier, 1993, pp. 1009–18, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/0306-4522(93)90485-X\">10.1016/0306-4522(93)90485-X</a>."},"publication_identifier":{"issn":["0306-4522"]},"page":"1009 - 1018","volume":53,"type":"journal_article","user_id":"ea97e931-d5af-11eb-85d4-e6957dddbf17","_id":"2540","year":"1993"},{"intvolume":"       153","main_file_link":[{"url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0304394093903118?via%3Dihub"}],"publication_status":"published","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"month":"04","pmid":1,"day":"30","scopus_import":"1","quality_controlled":"1","author":[{"full_name":"Shigemoto, Ryuichi","id":"499F3ABC-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","first_name":"Ryuichi","orcid":"0000-0001-8761-9444","last_name":"Shigemoto"},{"full_name":"Nakaya, Yoshifumi","first_name":"Yoshifumi","last_name":"Nakaya"},{"full_name":"Nomura, Sakashi","first_name":"Sakashi","last_name":"Nomura"},{"last_name":"Ogawa Meguro","first_name":"Reiko","full_name":"Ogawa Meguro, Reiko"},{"full_name":"Ohishi, Hitoshi","first_name":"Hitoshi","last_name":"Ohishi"},{"last_name":"Kaneko","first_name":"Takeshi","full_name":"Kaneko, Takeshi"},{"full_name":"Nakanishi, Shigetada","first_name":"Shigetada","last_name":"Nakanishi"},{"first_name":"Noboru","last_name":"Mizuno","full_name":"Mizuno, Noboru"}],"date_published":"1993-04-30T00:00:00Z","date_updated":"2022-03-31T12:10:05Z","doi":"10.1016/0304-3940(93)90311-8","article_processing_charge":"No","_id":"2541","year":"1993","page":"157 - 160","volume":153,"type":"journal_article","user_id":"ea97e931-d5af-11eb-85d4-e6957dddbf17","citation":{"ama":"Shigemoto R, Nakaya Y, Nomura S, et al. Immunocytochemical localization of rat substance P receptor in the striatum. <i>Neuroscience Letters</i>. 1993;153(2):157-160. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-3940(93)90311-8\">10.1016/0304-3940(93)90311-8</a>","short":"R. Shigemoto, Y. Nakaya, S. Nomura, R. Ogawa Meguro, H. Ohishi, T. Kaneko, S. Nakanishi, N. Mizuno, Neuroscience Letters 153 (1993) 157–160.","ista":"Shigemoto R, Nakaya Y, Nomura S, Ogawa Meguro R, Ohishi H, Kaneko T, Nakanishi S, Mizuno N. 1993. Immunocytochemical localization of rat substance P receptor in the striatum. Neuroscience Letters. 153(2), 157–160.","mla":"Shigemoto, Ryuichi, et al. “Immunocytochemical Localization of Rat Substance P Receptor in the Striatum.” <i>Neuroscience Letters</i>, vol. 153, no. 2, Elsevier, 1993, pp. 157–60, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-3940(93)90311-8\">10.1016/0304-3940(93)90311-8</a>.","ieee":"R. Shigemoto <i>et al.</i>, “Immunocytochemical localization of rat substance P receptor in the striatum,” <i>Neuroscience Letters</i>, vol. 153, no. 2. Elsevier, pp. 157–160, 1993.","chicago":"Shigemoto, Ryuichi, Yoshifumi Nakaya, Sakashi Nomura, Reiko Ogawa Meguro, Hitoshi Ohishi, Takeshi Kaneko, Shigetada Nakanishi, and Noboru Mizuno. “Immunocytochemical Localization of Rat Substance P Receptor in the Striatum.” <i>Neuroscience Letters</i>. Elsevier, 1993. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-3940(93)90311-8\">https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-3940(93)90311-8</a>.","apa":"Shigemoto, R., Nakaya, Y., Nomura, S., Ogawa Meguro, R., Ohishi, H., Kaneko, T., … Mizuno, N. (1993). Immunocytochemical localization of rat substance P receptor in the striatum. <i>Neuroscience Letters</i>. Elsevier. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-3940(93)90311-8\">https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-3940(93)90311-8</a>"},"publication_identifier":{"issn":["0304-3940"]},"status":"public","external_id":{"pmid":["8392153 "]},"article_type":"original","issue":"2","oa_version":"None","date_created":"2018-12-11T11:58:17Z","publist_id":"4357","title":"Immunocytochemical localization of rat substance P receptor in the striatum","publication":"Neuroscience Letters","publisher":"Elsevier","abstract":[{"text":"A trp E fusion protein containing a C-terminal portion of the rat substance P receptor (SPR) was expressed in bacteria and used to produce an antibody. The antibody specifically reacted with SPR expressed in a mammalian cell line and rat striatum. Light and electron microscope analyses of the rat striatum revealed intense SPR-like immunoreactivity in neuronal somata and dendrites. These immunoreactive neurons constituted ∼ 3% of the total population of striatal neurons; they were putative interneurons of large and medium-sized aspiny types.","lang":"eng"}],"extern":"1"},{"year":"1993","_id":"2542","user_id":"ea97e931-d5af-11eb-85d4-e6957dddbf17","type":"journal_article","volume":163,"page":"53 - 57","publication_identifier":{"issn":["0304-3940"]},"citation":{"ama":"Shigemoto R, Nomura S, Ohishi H, Sugihara H, Nakanishi S, Mizuno N. Immunohistochemical localization of a metabotropic glutamate receptor, mGluR5, in the rat brain. <i>Neuroscience Letters</i>. 1993;163(1):53-57. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-3940(93)90227-C\">10.1016/0304-3940(93)90227-C</a>","ista":"Shigemoto R, Nomura S, Ohishi H, Sugihara H, Nakanishi S, Mizuno N. 1993. Immunohistochemical localization of a metabotropic glutamate receptor, mGluR5, in the rat brain. Neuroscience Letters. 163(1), 53–57.","short":"R. Shigemoto, S. Nomura, H. Ohishi, H. Sugihara, S. Nakanishi, N. Mizuno, Neuroscience Letters 163 (1993) 53–57.","mla":"Shigemoto, Ryuichi, et al. “Immunohistochemical Localization of a Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor, MGluR5, in the Rat Brain.” <i>Neuroscience Letters</i>, vol. 163, no. 1, Elsevier, 1993, pp. 53–57, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-3940(93)90227-C\">10.1016/0304-3940(93)90227-C</a>.","ieee":"R. Shigemoto, S. Nomura, H. Ohishi, H. Sugihara, S. Nakanishi, and N. Mizuno, “Immunohistochemical localization of a metabotropic glutamate receptor, mGluR5, in the rat brain,” <i>Neuroscience Letters</i>, vol. 163, no. 1. Elsevier, pp. 53–57, 1993.","chicago":"Shigemoto, Ryuichi, Sakashi Nomura, Hitoshi Ohishi, Hidemitsu Sugihara, Shigetada Nakanishi, and Noboru Mizuno. “Immunohistochemical Localization of a Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor, MGluR5, in the Rat Brain.” <i>Neuroscience Letters</i>. Elsevier, 1993. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-3940(93)90227-C\">https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-3940(93)90227-C</a>.","apa":"Shigemoto, R., Nomura, S., Ohishi, H., Sugihara, H., Nakanishi, S., &#38; Mizuno, N. (1993). Immunohistochemical localization of a metabotropic glutamate receptor, mGluR5, in the rat brain. <i>Neuroscience Letters</i>. Elsevier. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-3940(93)90227-C\">https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-3940(93)90227-C</a>"},"issue":"1","external_id":{"pmid":["8295733"]},"article_type":"original","status":"public","acknowledgement":"We are grateful to Mr. Akira Uesugi for photographic help","publist_id":"4356","date_created":"2018-12-11T11:58:17Z","oa_version":"None","publisher":"Elsevier","publication":"Neuroscience Letters","title":"Immunohistochemical localization of a metabotropic glutamate receptor, mGluR5, in the rat brain","extern":"1","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"A trpE-fusion protein containing a C-terminal sequence of a rat metabotropic glutamate receptor, mGluR5, was used to produce an antibody. On immunoblot, the antibody specifically reacted with mGluR5 expressed in mammalian cells and rat brain. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed intense mGluR5-like immunoreactivity (LI) in the olfactory bulb, anterior olfactory nuclei, olfactory tubercle, cerebral cortex, hippocampus, lateral septum, striatum, nucleus accumbens, inferior colliculus, and spinal trigeminal nuclei. The distribution pattern of mGluR5-LI corresponds very well with that of mGluR5 mRNA. Electron microscope analysis of the striatum revealed dense accumulation of immunoreaction products in dendrites which were often provided with asymmetrical synapses. These results suggest that mGluR5 is predominantly located in postsynaptic elements."}],"publication_status":"published","intvolume":"       163","main_file_link":[{"url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/030439409390227C?via%3Dihub"}],"month":"11","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"day":"26","pmid":1,"quality_controlled":"1","scopus_import":"1","article_processing_charge":"No","date_updated":"2022-03-31T10:21:52Z","doi":"10.1016/0304-3940(93)90227-C","date_published":"1993-11-26T00:00:00Z","author":[{"first_name":"Ryuichi","orcid":"0000-0001-8761-9444","last_name":"Shigemoto","full_name":"Shigemoto, Ryuichi","id":"499F3ABC-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87"},{"full_name":"Nomura, Sakashi","last_name":"Nomura","first_name":"Sakashi"},{"full_name":"Ohishi, Hitoshi","last_name":"Ohishi","first_name":"Hitoshi"},{"last_name":"Sugihara","first_name":"Hidemitsu","full_name":"Sugihara, Hidemitsu"},{"last_name":"Nakanishi","first_name":"Shigetada","full_name":"Nakanishi, Shigetada"},{"full_name":"Mizuno, Noboru","first_name":"Noboru","last_name":"Mizuno"}]},{"scopus_import":"1","quality_controlled":"1","date_published":"1993-08-01T00:00:00Z","author":[{"full_name":"Hashimoto, Hitoshi","first_name":"Hitoshi","last_name":"Hashimoto"},{"full_name":"Ishihara, Takeshi","first_name":"Takeshi","last_name":"Ishihara"},{"first_name":"Ryuichi","last_name":"Shigemoto","orcid":"0000-0001-8761-9444","full_name":"Shigemoto, Ryuichi","id":"499F3ABC-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87"},{"full_name":"Mori, Kensaku","first_name":"Kensaku","last_name":"Mori"},{"first_name":"Shigekazu","last_name":"Nagata","full_name":"Nagata, Shigekazu"}],"date_updated":"2022-03-31T09:56:46Z","doi":"10.1016/0896-6273(93)90188-W","article_processing_charge":"No","main_file_link":[{"url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/089662739390188W?via%3Dihub"}],"intvolume":"        11","publication_status":"published","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"month":"08","pmid":1,"day":"01","oa_version":"None","date_created":"2018-12-11T11:58:17Z","publist_id":"4355","title":" Molecular cloning and tissue distribution of a receptor for pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide","publication":"Neuron","publisher":"Elsevier","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) is a polypeptide hormone related to vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP). Rat PACAP receptor cDNA was isolated from a brain cDNA library by cross-hybridization with rat VIP receptor cDNA. The recombinant PACAP receptor expressed in COS cells bound PACAP with about 1000 times higher affinity than VIP, and PACAP stimulated adenylate cyclase through the cloned PACAP receptor. The rat PACAP receptor consists of 495 amino acids, contains seven transmembrane segments, and has a significant similarity with other Gs-coupled receptors, such as VIP, glucagon, and secretin receptors. PACAP receptor mRNA was abundantly expressed in the brain, but not in the peripheral tissues except for the adrenal gland. In situ hybridization revealed a high level of expression of PACAP receptor mRNA in the hippocampal dentate gyrus, olfactory bulb, and cerebellar cortex."}],"extern":"1","_id":"2543","year":"1993","page":"333 - 342","volume":11,"type":"journal_article","user_id":"ea97e931-d5af-11eb-85d4-e6957dddbf17","citation":{"apa":"Hashimoto, H., Ishihara, T., Shigemoto, R., Mori, K., &#38; Nagata, S. (1993).  Molecular cloning and tissue distribution of a receptor for pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide. <i>Neuron</i>. Elsevier. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/0896-6273(93)90188-W\">https://doi.org/10.1016/0896-6273(93)90188-W</a>","ieee":"H. Hashimoto, T. Ishihara, R. Shigemoto, K. Mori, and S. Nagata, “ Molecular cloning and tissue distribution of a receptor for pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide,” <i>Neuron</i>, vol. 11, no. 2. Elsevier, pp. 333–342, 1993.","chicago":"Hashimoto, Hitoshi, Takeshi Ishihara, Ryuichi Shigemoto, Kensaku Mori, and Shigekazu Nagata. “ Molecular Cloning and Tissue Distribution of a Receptor for Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide.” <i>Neuron</i>. Elsevier, 1993. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/0896-6273(93)90188-W\">https://doi.org/10.1016/0896-6273(93)90188-W</a>.","short":"H. Hashimoto, T. Ishihara, R. Shigemoto, K. Mori, S. Nagata, Neuron 11 (1993) 333–342.","mla":"Hashimoto, Hitoshi, et al. “ Molecular Cloning and Tissue Distribution of a Receptor for Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide.” <i>Neuron</i>, vol. 11, no. 2, Elsevier, 1993, pp. 333–42, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/0896-6273(93)90188-W\">10.1016/0896-6273(93)90188-W</a>.","ista":"Hashimoto H, Ishihara T, Shigemoto R, Mori K, Nagata S. 1993.  Molecular cloning and tissue distribution of a receptor for pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide. Neuron. 11(2), 333–342.","ama":"Hashimoto H, Ishihara T, Shigemoto R, Mori K, Nagata S.  Molecular cloning and tissue distribution of a receptor for pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide. <i>Neuron</i>. 1993;11(2):333-342. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/0896-6273(93)90188-W\">10.1016/0896-6273(93)90188-W</a>"},"publication_identifier":{"issn":["0896-6273"]},"acknowledgement":"We are grateful to Drs. Y. Sugimoto, A. Ichikawa, J. Ogasawara, R. Fukunaga, H. Aino, and A. Baba for discussion and advice. We also thank Ms. K. Mimura for secretarial assistance. This work was supported in part by the Ministry of Education, Science and Culture of Japan. The costs of publication of this article were defrayed in part by the payment of page charges. This article must therefore be hereby marked “advertisement” in accordance with 18 USC Section 1734 solely to indicate this fact.","status":"public","external_id":{"pmid":["8394723"]},"article_type":"original","issue":"2"},{"publication":"Nature","title":"Role of a metabotropic glutamate receptor in synaptic modulation in the accessory olfactory bulb","publisher":"Nature Publishing Group","date_created":"2018-12-11T11:58:18Z","oa_version":"None","publist_id":"4354","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"VARIOUS functions of glutamate transmission are mediated by both ionotropic and metabotropic glutamate receptors1. The metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) consist of at least six different subtypes that are classified into three subgroups, mGluR1/mGluR5, mGluR2/mGluR3, and mGluR4/mGluR6 (refs 1-5), but their physiological roles are largely unknown. Here we report the identification of a very potent agonist for mGluR2/mGluR3, DCG-IV, and the specific localization of mGluR2 in granule cell dendrites that form dendrodendritic synapses with mitral cells in the accessory olfactory bulb. Using the DCG-IV agonist for mGluR2 in combination with slice patchrecording, we demonstrate that the granule cell mGluR2 presynaptically suppresses inhibitory GABA (γ-aminobutyrate) transmission to the mitral cell. Our results indicate that mGluR2 in granule cells plays an important role in the persistent excitation of olfactory sensory transmission in the accessory olfactory bulb by relieving mitral cells from the GABA inhibition."}],"extern":"1","volume":366,"page":"687 - 690","user_id":"ea97e931-d5af-11eb-85d4-e6957dddbf17","type":"journal_article","_id":"2544","year":"1993","status":"public","acknowledgement":"We thank Y. Ohfune and K. Shimamoto for DCG-IV, M. Kuno for advice and A. Uesugi for photographic assistance. Partly supported by research grants from the Ministry of Education, Science and Culture of Japan, the Ministry of Health and Welfare of Japan and the Senri Life Science Foundation. ","issue":"6456","external_id":{"pmid":["7903116 "]},"article_type":"original","citation":{"apa":"Hayashi, Y., Momiyama, A., Takahashi, T., Ohishi, H., Ogawa Meguro, R., Shigemoto, R., … Nakanishi, S. (1993). Role of a metabotropic glutamate receptor in synaptic modulation in the accessory olfactory bulb. <i>Nature</i>. Nature Publishing Group. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/366687a0\">https://doi.org/10.1038/366687a0</a>","chicago":"Hayashi, Yasunori, Akiko Momiyama, Tomoyuki Takahashi, Hitoshi Ohishi, Reiko Ogawa Meguro, Ryuichi Shigemoto, Noboru Mizuno, and Shigetada Nakanishi. “Role of a Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor in Synaptic Modulation in the Accessory Olfactory Bulb.” <i>Nature</i>. Nature Publishing Group, 1993. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/366687a0\">https://doi.org/10.1038/366687a0</a>.","ieee":"Y. Hayashi <i>et al.</i>, “Role of a metabotropic glutamate receptor in synaptic modulation in the accessory olfactory bulb,” <i>Nature</i>, vol. 366, no. 6456. Nature Publishing Group, pp. 687–690, 1993.","short":"Y. Hayashi, A. Momiyama, T. Takahashi, H. Ohishi, R. Ogawa Meguro, R. Shigemoto, N. Mizuno, S. Nakanishi, Nature 366 (1993) 687–690.","mla":"Hayashi, Yasunori, et al. “Role of a Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor in Synaptic Modulation in the Accessory Olfactory Bulb.” <i>Nature</i>, vol. 366, no. 6456, Nature Publishing Group, 1993, pp. 687–90, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/366687a0\">10.1038/366687a0</a>.","ista":"Hayashi Y, Momiyama A, Takahashi T, Ohishi H, Ogawa Meguro R, Shigemoto R, Mizuno N, Nakanishi S. 1993. Role of a metabotropic glutamate receptor in synaptic modulation in the accessory olfactory bulb. Nature. 366(6456), 687–690.","ama":"Hayashi Y, Momiyama A, Takahashi T, et al. Role of a metabotropic glutamate receptor in synaptic modulation in the accessory olfactory bulb. <i>Nature</i>. 1993;366(6456):687-690. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/366687a0\">10.1038/366687a0</a>"},"publication_identifier":{"issn":["0028-0836"]},"author":[{"full_name":"Hayashi, Yasunori","first_name":"Yasunori","last_name":"Hayashi"},{"full_name":"Momiyama, Akiko","last_name":"Momiyama","first_name":"Akiko"},{"first_name":"Tomoyuki","last_name":"Takahashi","full_name":"Takahashi, Tomoyuki"},{"full_name":"Ohishi, Hitoshi","last_name":"Ohishi","first_name":"Hitoshi"},{"last_name":"Ogawa Meguro","first_name":"Reiko","full_name":"Ogawa Meguro, Reiko"},{"id":"499F3ABC-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","full_name":"Shigemoto, Ryuichi","orcid":"0000-0001-8761-9444","last_name":"Shigemoto","first_name":"Ryuichi"},{"first_name":"Noboru","last_name":"Mizuno","full_name":"Mizuno, Noboru"},{"last_name":"Nakanishi","first_name":"Shigetada","full_name":"Nakanishi, Shigetada"}],"date_published":"1993-01-01T00:00:00Z","article_processing_charge":"No","date_updated":"2022-03-31T09:36:00Z","doi":"10.1038/366687a0","scopus_import":"1","quality_controlled":"1","main_file_link":[{"url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/366687a0"}],"intvolume":"       366","publication_status":"published","pmid":1,"day":"01","month":"01","language":[{"iso":"eng"}]}]