[{"publist_id":"4338","oa_version":"None","date_created":"2018-12-11T11:58:23Z","publisher":"Elsevier","title":"Expression of c-fos protein in substance P receptor-like immunoreactive neurons in response to noxious stimuli on the urinary bladder: an observation in the lumbosacral cord segments of the rat","publication":"Neuroscience Letters","extern":"1","abstract":[{"text":"Chemical irritation of the urinary bladder with formalin in the rat induced c-fos protein-like immunoreactivity in more than 80% of substance P receptor-like immunoreactive (SPR-LI) neurons of the dorsal commissural nucleus, sacral parasympathetic nucleus and lamina I in the 6th lumbar and 1st sacral cord segments. These neurons with SPR-LI may receive noxious information from the urinary bladder through the primary afferent fibers with substance P.","lang":"eng"}],"year":"1995","_id":"2560","type":"journal_article","user_id":"ea97e931-d5af-11eb-85d4-e6957dddbf17","page":"139 - 142","volume":198,"publication_identifier":{"issn":["0304-3940"]},"citation":{"apa":"Lü, Y., Jin, S., Xu, T., Qin, B., Li, J., Ding, Y., … Mizuno, N. (1995). Expression of c-fos protein in substance P receptor-like immunoreactive neurons in response to noxious stimuli on the urinary bladder: an observation in the lumbosacral cord segments of the rat. <i>Neuroscience Letters</i>. Elsevier. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-3940(95)11991-5\">https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-3940(95)11991-5</a>","chicago":"Lü, Yan, Shan Jin, Tian Xu, Bing Qin, Ji Li, Yu Ding, Ryuichi Shigemoto, and Noboru Mizuno. “Expression of C-Fos Protein in Substance P Receptor-like Immunoreactive Neurons in Response to Noxious Stimuli on the Urinary Bladder: An Observation in the Lumbosacral Cord Segments of the Rat.” <i>Neuroscience Letters</i>. Elsevier, 1995. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-3940(95)11991-5\">https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-3940(95)11991-5</a>.","ieee":"Y. Lü <i>et al.</i>, “Expression of c-fos protein in substance P receptor-like immunoreactive neurons in response to noxious stimuli on the urinary bladder: an observation in the lumbosacral cord segments of the rat,” <i>Neuroscience Letters</i>, vol. 198, no. 2. Elsevier, pp. 139–142, 1995.","short":"Y. Lü, S. Jin, T. Xu, B. Qin, J. Li, Y. Ding, R. Shigemoto, N. Mizuno, Neuroscience Letters 198 (1995) 139–142.","mla":"Lü, Yan, et al. “Expression of C-Fos Protein in Substance P Receptor-like Immunoreactive Neurons in Response to Noxious Stimuli on the Urinary Bladder: An Observation in the Lumbosacral Cord Segments of the Rat.” <i>Neuroscience Letters</i>, vol. 198, no. 2, Elsevier, 1995, pp. 139–42, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-3940(95)11991-5\">10.1016/0304-3940(95)11991-5</a>.","ista":"Lü Y, Jin S, Xu T, Qin B, Li J, Ding Y, Shigemoto R, Mizuno N. 1995. Expression of c-fos protein in substance P receptor-like immunoreactive neurons in response to noxious stimuli on the urinary bladder: an observation in the lumbosacral cord segments of the rat. Neuroscience Letters. 198(2), 139–142.","ama":"Lü Y, Jin S, Xu T, et al. Expression of c-fos protein in substance P receptor-like immunoreactive neurons in response to noxious stimuli on the urinary bladder: an observation in the lumbosacral cord segments of the rat. <i>Neuroscience Letters</i>. 1995;198(2):139-142. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-3940(95)11991-5\">10.1016/0304-3940(95)11991-5</a>"},"article_type":"original","external_id":{"pmid":["8592640"]},"issue":"2","status":"public","quality_controlled":"1","date_updated":"2022-06-28T12:54:14Z","doi":"10.1016/0304-3940(95)11991-5","article_processing_charge":"No","date_published":"1995-09-29T00:00:00Z","author":[{"full_name":"Lü, Yan","last_name":"Lü","first_name":"Yan"},{"full_name":"Jin, Shan","last_name":"Jin","first_name":"Shan"},{"full_name":"Xu, Tian","first_name":"Tian","last_name":"Xu"},{"full_name":"Qin, Bing","first_name":"Bing","last_name":"Qin"},{"full_name":"Li, Ji","first_name":"Ji","last_name":"Li"},{"last_name":"Ding","first_name":"Yu","full_name":"Ding, Yu"},{"first_name":"Ryuichi","last_name":"Shigemoto","orcid":"0000-0001-8761-9444","full_name":"Shigemoto, Ryuichi","id":"499F3ABC-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87"},{"last_name":"Mizuno","first_name":"Noboru","full_name":"Mizuno, Noboru"}],"publication_status":"published","main_file_link":[{"url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0304394095119915?via%3Dihub"}],"intvolume":"       198","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"month":"09","day":"29","pmid":1},{"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"month":"12","day":"01","pmid":1,"publication_status":"published","intvolume":"       202","main_file_link":[{"url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0304394095122079?via%3Dihub"}],"quality_controlled":"1","doi":"10.1016/0304-3940(95)12207-9","date_updated":"2022-06-28T12:44:57Z","article_processing_charge":"No","date_published":"1995-12-01T00:00:00Z","author":[{"first_name":"Hitoshi","last_name":"Ohishi","full_name":"Ohishi, Hitoshi"},{"last_name":"Nomura","first_name":"Sakashi","full_name":"Nomura, Sakashi"},{"first_name":"Yu","last_name":"Ding","full_name":"Ding, Yu"},{"id":"499F3ABC-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","full_name":"Shigemoto, Ryuichi","last_name":"Shigemoto","orcid":"0000-0001-8761-9444","first_name":"Ryuichi"},{"full_name":"Wada, Eiki","first_name":"Eiki","last_name":"Wada"},{"full_name":"Kinoshita, Ayae","last_name":"Kinoshita","first_name":"Ayae"},{"full_name":"Li, Jin","last_name":"Li","first_name":"Jin"},{"last_name":"Neki","first_name":"Akio","full_name":"Neki, Akio"},{"full_name":"Nakanishi, Shigetada","first_name":"Shigetada","last_name":"Nakanishi"},{"full_name":"Mizuno, Noboru","first_name":"Noboru","last_name":"Mizuno"}],"publication_identifier":{"issn":["0304-3940"]},"citation":{"ama":"Ohishi H, Nomura S, Ding Y, et al. Presynaptic localization of a metabotropic glutamate receptor, mGluR7, in the primary afferent neurons: An immunohistochemical study in the rat. <i>Neuroscience Letters</i>. 1995;202(1-2):85-88. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-3940(95)12207-9\">10.1016/0304-3940(95)12207-9</a>","mla":"Ohishi, Hitoshi, et al. “Presynaptic Localization of a Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor, MGluR7, in the Primary Afferent Neurons: An Immunohistochemical Study in the Rat.” <i>Neuroscience Letters</i>, vol. 202, no. 1–2, Elsevier, 1995, pp. 85–88, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-3940(95)12207-9\">10.1016/0304-3940(95)12207-9</a>.","ista":"Ohishi H, Nomura S, Ding Y, Shigemoto R, Wada E, Kinoshita A, Li J, Neki A, Nakanishi S, Mizuno N. 1995. Presynaptic localization of a metabotropic glutamate receptor, mGluR7, in the primary afferent neurons: An immunohistochemical study in the rat. Neuroscience Letters. 202(1–2), 85–88.","short":"H. Ohishi, S. Nomura, Y. Ding, R. Shigemoto, E. Wada, A. Kinoshita, J. Li, A. Neki, S. Nakanishi, N. Mizuno, Neuroscience Letters 202 (1995) 85–88.","ieee":"H. Ohishi <i>et al.</i>, “Presynaptic localization of a metabotropic glutamate receptor, mGluR7, in the primary afferent neurons: An immunohistochemical study in the rat,” <i>Neuroscience Letters</i>, vol. 202, no. 1–2. Elsevier, pp. 85–88, 1995.","chicago":"Ohishi, Hitoshi, Sakashi Nomura, Yu Ding, Ryuichi Shigemoto, Eiki Wada, Ayae Kinoshita, Jin Li, Akio Neki, Shigetada Nakanishi, and Noboru Mizuno. “Presynaptic Localization of a Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor, MGluR7, in the Primary Afferent Neurons: An Immunohistochemical Study in the Rat.” <i>Neuroscience Letters</i>. Elsevier, 1995. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-3940(95)12207-9\">https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-3940(95)12207-9</a>.","apa":"Ohishi, H., Nomura, S., Ding, Y., Shigemoto, R., Wada, E., Kinoshita, A., … Mizuno, N. (1995). Presynaptic localization of a metabotropic glutamate receptor, mGluR7, in the primary afferent neurons: An immunohistochemical study in the rat. <i>Neuroscience Letters</i>. Elsevier. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-3940(95)12207-9\">https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-3940(95)12207-9</a>"},"external_id":{"pmid":["8787837"]},"article_type":"original","issue":"1-2","status":"public","acknowledgement":"We are grateful to Mr. Akira Uesugi for photographic help.","year":"1995","_id":"2561","type":"journal_article","user_id":"ea97e931-d5af-11eb-85d4-e6957dddbf17","page":"85 - 88","volume":202,"extern":"1","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"An antibody which recognizes specifically a metabotropic glutamate receptor, mGluR7, was produced by using a trpE fusion protein containing a C-terminal sequence of rat mGluR7. Neuropil in laminae I and II of the dorsal horn of the rat, as well as many neuronal cell bodies in the dorsal root ganglion, showed mGluR7-like immunoreactivity; the immunoreactivity in neuropil was seen in axon terminals, which were filled with round synaptic vesicles and constituted axodendritic and axosomatic asymmetric synapses. The mGluR7-like immunoreactivity in laminae I and II in the dorsal horn was reduced after dorsal rhizotomy. The results indicate that some axon terminals of the primary afferent fibers to laminae I and II of the dorsal horn are provided with mGluR7."}],"publist_id":"4337","oa_version":"None","date_created":"2018-12-11T11:58:24Z","publisher":"Elsevier","title":"Presynaptic localization of a metabotropic glutamate receptor, mGluR7, in the primary afferent neurons: An immunohistochemical study in the rat","publication":"Neuroscience Letters"},{"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"month":"11","pmid":1,"day":"01","main_file_link":[{"url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/016801029500961R?via%3Dihub"}],"intvolume":"        23","publication_status":"published","quality_controlled":"1","date_published":"1995-11-01T00:00:00Z","author":[{"full_name":"Ding, Yu","first_name":"Yu","last_name":"Ding"},{"full_name":"Takada, Masahiko","first_name":"Masahiko","last_name":"Takada"},{"id":"499F3ABC-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","full_name":"Shigemoto, Ryuichi","last_name":"Shigemoto","orcid":"0000-0001-8761-9444","first_name":"Ryuichi"},{"full_name":"Mizuno, Noboru","first_name":"Noboru","last_name":"Mizuno"}],"doi":"10.1016/0168-0102(95)00961-R","date_updated":"2022-06-28T09:50:42Z","article_processing_charge":"No","citation":{"apa":"Ding, Y., Takada, M., Shigemoto, R., &#38; Mizuno, N. (1995). Trigeminoparabrachial projection neurons showing substance P receptor-like immunoreactivity in the rat. <i>Neuroscience Research</i>. Elsevier. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/0168-0102(95)00961-R\">https://doi.org/10.1016/0168-0102(95)00961-R</a>","chicago":"Ding, Yu, Masahiko Takada, Ryuichi Shigemoto, and Noboru Mizuno. “Trigeminoparabrachial Projection Neurons Showing Substance P Receptor-like Immunoreactivity in the Rat.” <i>Neuroscience Research</i>. Elsevier, 1995. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/0168-0102(95)00961-R\">https://doi.org/10.1016/0168-0102(95)00961-R</a>.","ieee":"Y. Ding, M. Takada, R. Shigemoto, and N. Mizuno, “Trigeminoparabrachial projection neurons showing substance P receptor-like immunoreactivity in the rat,” <i>Neuroscience Research</i>, vol. 23, no. 4. Elsevier, pp. 415–418, 1995.","ista":"Ding Y, Takada M, Shigemoto R, Mizuno N. 1995. Trigeminoparabrachial projection neurons showing substance P receptor-like immunoreactivity in the rat. Neuroscience Research. 23(4), 415–418.","short":"Y. Ding, M. Takada, R. Shigemoto, N. Mizuno, Neuroscience Research 23 (1995) 415–418.","mla":"Ding, Yu, et al. “Trigeminoparabrachial Projection Neurons Showing Substance P Receptor-like Immunoreactivity in the Rat.” <i>Neuroscience Research</i>, vol. 23, no. 4, Elsevier, 1995, pp. 415–18, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/0168-0102(95)00961-R\">10.1016/0168-0102(95)00961-R</a>.","ama":"Ding Y, Takada M, Shigemoto R, Mizuno N. Trigeminoparabrachial projection neurons showing substance P receptor-like immunoreactivity in the rat. <i>Neuroscience Research</i>. 1995;23(4):415-418. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/0168-0102(95)00961-R\">10.1016/0168-0102(95)00961-R</a>"},"publication_identifier":{"issn":["0168-0102"]},"status":"public","acknowledgement":"The authors are grateful for photographic help of Ms. Miao-Li Zhang and Mr. Akira Uesugi. This work was supported in part by Grants-in-Aid for Special Research on Priority Areas 05267104, Scientific Research (B) 05454658, and Scientific Research (C) 06680735 from the Ministry of Education, Science and Culture of Japan. ","external_id":{"pmid":["8602281"]},"article_type":"original","issue":"4","_id":"2563","year":"1995","page":"415 - 418","volume":23,"type":"journal_article","user_id":"ea97e931-d5af-11eb-85d4-e6957dddbf17","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"By means of substance P receptor (SPR) immunofluorescence histochemistry combined with Fluoro-Gold fluorescent retrograde labeling, SPR-like immunoreactive neurons in the caudal subnucleus of the spinal trigeminal nucleus of the rat were observed to send their axons to the nucleus of Kolliker-Fuse and ventrolateral part of the lateral parabrachial nucleus bilaterally with a clear ipsilateral dominance. These neurons were distributed mainly in lamina I, and additionally in lamina III."}],"extern":"1","oa_version":"None","date_created":"2018-12-11T11:58:24Z","publist_id":"4336","title":"Trigeminoparabrachial projection neurons showing substance P receptor-like immunoreactivity in the rat","publication":"Neuroscience Research","publisher":"Elsevier"},{"page":"127 - 132","volume":78,"type":"conference","user_id":"ea97e931-d5af-11eb-85d4-e6957dddbf17","_id":"2712","main_file_link":[{"url":"https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-0348-9092-2_13"}],"intvolume":"        78","publication_status":"published","year":"1995","acknowledgement":"Work supported by the NSF grant PHY90-19433 A02, by the Alfred Sloan Foundation dissertation Fellowship and by the Erwin Schrödinger Institute for Mathematical Physics in Vienna.","status":"public","day":"01","citation":{"mla":"Erdös, László. <i>Magnetic Lieb-Thirring Inequalities and Stochastic Oscillatory Integrals</i>. Vol. 78, Birkhäuser, 1995, pp. 127–32, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-0348-9092-2_13\">10.1007/978-3-0348-9092-2_13</a>.","short":"L. Erdös, in:, Birkhäuser, 1995, pp. 127–132.","ista":"Erdös L. 1995. Magnetic Lieb-Thirring inequalities and stochastic oscillatory integrals. International Conference on Partial Differential Operators and Mathematical Physics, Operator Theory: Advances and Applications, vol. 78, 127–132.","ama":"Erdös L. Magnetic Lieb-Thirring inequalities and stochastic oscillatory integrals. In: Vol 78. Birkhäuser; 1995:127-132. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-0348-9092-2_13\">10.1007/978-3-0348-9092-2_13</a>","apa":"Erdös, L. (1995). Magnetic Lieb-Thirring inequalities and stochastic oscillatory integrals (Vol. 78, pp. 127–132). Presented at the International Conference on Partial Differential Operators and Mathematical Physics, Holzhau, Germany: Birkhäuser. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-0348-9092-2_13\">https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-0348-9092-2_13</a>","ieee":"L. Erdös, “Magnetic Lieb-Thirring inequalities and stochastic oscillatory integrals,” presented at the International Conference on Partial Differential Operators and Mathematical Physics, Holzhau, Germany, 1995, vol. 78, pp. 127–132.","chicago":"Erdös, László. “Magnetic Lieb-Thirring Inequalities and Stochastic Oscillatory Integrals,” 78:127–32. Birkhäuser, 1995. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-0348-9092-2_13\">https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-0348-9092-2_13</a>."},"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"month":"01","title":"Magnetic Lieb-Thirring inequalities and stochastic oscillatory integrals","publisher":"Birkhäuser","oa_version":"None","conference":{"end_date":"1995-07-09","name":"International Conference on Partial Differential Operators and Mathematical Physics","start_date":"1995-07-03","location":"Holzhau, Germany"},"date_created":"2018-12-11T11:59:12Z","publist_id":"4184","date_published":"1995-01-01T00:00:00Z","author":[{"last_name":"Erdös","orcid":"0000-0001-5366-9603","first_name":"László","id":"4DBD5372-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","full_name":"Erdös, László"}],"alternative_title":["Operator Theory: Advances and Applications"],"doi":"10.1007/978-3-0348-9092-2_13","date_updated":"2022-06-28T09:31:20Z","article_processing_charge":"No","abstract":[{"text":"We study the generalizations of the well-known Lieb-Thirring inequality for the magnetic Schrödinger operator with a nonconstant magnetic field. We use stochastic methods to prove estimates on the moments of the negative eigenvalues.","lang":"eng"}],"extern":"1","quality_controlled":"1"},{"date_updated":"2022-06-28T09:19:36Z","doi":"10.1007/BF02099152","article_processing_charge":"No","date_published":"1995-06-01T00:00:00Z","author":[{"full_name":"Erdös, László","id":"4DBD5372-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","first_name":"László","orcid":"0000-0001-5366-9603","last_name":"Erdös"}],"quality_controlled":"1","day":"01","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"month":"06","publication_status":"published","intvolume":"       170","main_file_link":[{"url":"https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF02099152"}],"extern":"1","abstract":[{"text":"We study the generalizations of the well-known Lieb-Thirring inequality for the magnetic Schrödinger operator with nonconstant magnetic field. Our main result is the naturally expected magnetic Lieb-Thirring estimate on the moments of the negative eigenvalues for a certain class of magnetic fields (including even some unbounded ones). We develop a localization technique in path space of the stochastic Feynman-Kac representation of the heat kernel which effectively estimates the oscillatory effect due to the magnetic phase factor.","lang":"eng"}],"publisher":"Springer","title":"Magnetic Lieb-Thirring inequalities","publication":"Communications in Mathematical Physics","publist_id":"4168","oa_version":"None","date_created":"2018-12-11T11:59:16Z","article_type":"original","issue":"3","status":"public","publication_identifier":{"issn":["0010-3616"]},"citation":{"apa":"Erdös, L. (1995). Magnetic Lieb-Thirring inequalities. <i>Communications in Mathematical Physics</i>. Springer. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02099152\">https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02099152</a>","ieee":"L. Erdös, “Magnetic Lieb-Thirring inequalities,” <i>Communications in Mathematical Physics</i>, vol. 170, no. 3. Springer, pp. 629–668, 1995.","chicago":"Erdös, László. “Magnetic Lieb-Thirring Inequalities.” <i>Communications in Mathematical Physics</i>. Springer, 1995. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02099152\">https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02099152</a>.","short":"L. Erdös, Communications in Mathematical Physics 170 (1995) 629–668.","ista":"Erdös L. 1995. Magnetic Lieb-Thirring inequalities. Communications in Mathematical Physics. 170(3), 629–668.","mla":"Erdös, László. “Magnetic Lieb-Thirring Inequalities.” <i>Communications in Mathematical Physics</i>, vol. 170, no. 3, Springer, 1995, pp. 629–68, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02099152\">10.1007/BF02099152</a>.","ama":"Erdös L. Magnetic Lieb-Thirring inequalities. <i>Communications in Mathematical Physics</i>. 1995;170(3):629-668. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02099152\">10.1007/BF02099152</a>"},"type":"journal_article","user_id":"ea97e931-d5af-11eb-85d4-e6957dddbf17","page":"629 - 668","volume":170,"year":"1995","_id":"2724"},{"user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","type":"journal_article","volume":13,"page":"503-538","year":"1995","publication_status":"published","_id":"11677","intvolume":"        13","issue":"6","day":"01","article_type":"original","status":"public","month":"06","publication_identifier":{"issn":["0178-4617"],"eissn":["1432-0541"]},"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"citation":{"mla":"Henzinger, Monika H. “Fully Dynamic Biconnectivity in Graphs.” <i>Algorithmica</i>, vol. 13, no. 6, Springer Nature, 1995, pp. 503–38, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/bf01189067\">10.1007/bf01189067</a>.","ista":"Henzinger MH. 1995. Fully dynamic biconnectivity in graphs. Algorithmica. 13(6), 503–538.","short":"M.H. Henzinger, Algorithmica 13 (1995) 503–538.","ama":"Henzinger MH. Fully dynamic biconnectivity in graphs. <i>Algorithmica</i>. 1995;13(6):503-538. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/bf01189067\">10.1007/bf01189067</a>","apa":"Henzinger, M. H. (1995). Fully dynamic biconnectivity in graphs. <i>Algorithmica</i>. Springer Nature. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/bf01189067\">https://doi.org/10.1007/bf01189067</a>","ieee":"M. H. Henzinger, “Fully dynamic biconnectivity in graphs,” <i>Algorithmica</i>, vol. 13, no. 6. Springer Nature, pp. 503–538, 1995.","chicago":"Henzinger, Monika H. “Fully Dynamic Biconnectivity in Graphs.” <i>Algorithmica</i>. Springer Nature, 1995. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/bf01189067\">https://doi.org/10.1007/bf01189067</a>."},"publisher":"Springer Nature","publication":"Algorithmica","title":"Fully dynamic biconnectivity in graphs","date_created":"2022-07-27T14:50:46Z","oa_version":"None","article_processing_charge":"No","doi":"10.1007/bf01189067","date_updated":"2022-09-12T09:00:14Z","author":[{"full_name":"Henzinger, Monika H","id":"540c9bbd-f2de-11ec-812d-d04a5be85630","first_name":"Monika H","orcid":"0000-0002-5008-6530","last_name":"Henzinger"}],"date_published":"1995-06-01T00:00:00Z","extern":"1","quality_controlled":"1","scopus_import":"1","abstract":[{"text":"We present an algorithm for maintaining the biconnected components of a graph during a sequence of edge insertions and deletions. It requires linear storage and preprocessing time. The amortized running time for insertions and for deletions isO(m 2/3 ), wherem is the number of edges in the graph. Any query of the form ‘Are the verticesu andv biconnected?’ can be answered in timeO(1). This is the first sublinear algorithm for this problem. We can also output all articulation points separating any two vertices efficiently.\r\n\r\nIf the input is a plane graph, the amortized running time for insertions and deletions drops toO(√n logn) and the query time isO(log2 n), wheren is the number of vertices in the graph. The best previously known solution takes timeO(n 2/3 ) per update or query.","lang":"eng"}]},{"publication":"Proceedings of IEEE 36th Annual Foundations of Computer Science","title":"Fully dynamic biconnectivity and transitive closure","publisher":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","conference":{"name":"Foundations of Computer Science","end_date":"1995-10-25","location":"Milwaukee, WI, United States","start_date":"1995-10-23"},"date_created":"2022-07-28T11:28:13Z","oa_version":"None","date_published":"1995-11-01T00:00:00Z","author":[{"first_name":"Monika H","orcid":"0000-0002-5008-6530","last_name":"Henzinger","full_name":"Henzinger, Monika H","id":"540c9bbd-f2de-11ec-812d-d04a5be85630"},{"last_name":"King","first_name":"V.","full_name":"King, V."}],"article_processing_charge":"No","date_updated":"2023-02-09T11:35:17Z","doi":"10.1109/SFCS.1995.492668","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"This paper presents an algorithm for the fully dynamic biconnectivity problem whose running time is exponentially faster than all previously known solutions. It is the first dynamic algorithm that answers biconnectivity queries in time O(log/sup 2/n) in a n-node graph and can be updated after an edge insertion or deletion in polylogarithmic time. Our algorithm is a Las-Vegas style randomized algorithm with the update time amortized update time O(log/sup 4/n). Only recently the best deterministic result for this problem was improved to O(/spl radic/nlog/sup 2/n). We also give the first fully dynamic and a novel deletions-only transitive closure (i.e. directed connectivity) algorithms. These are randomized Monte Carlo algorithms. Let n be the number of nodes in the graph and let m/spl circ/ be the average number of edges in the graph during the whole update sequence: The fully dynamic algorithms achieve (1) query time O(n/logn) and update time O(m/spl circ//spl radic/nlog/sup 2/n+n); or (2) query time O(n/logn) and update time O(nm/spl circ//sup /spl mu/-1/)log/sup 2/n=O(nm/spl circ//sup 0.58/log/sup 2/n), where /spl mu/ is the exponent for boolean matrix multiplication (currently /spl mu/=2.38). The deletions-only algorithm answers queries in time O(n/logn). Its amortized update time is O(nlog/sup 2/n)."}],"scopus_import":"1","extern":"1","quality_controlled":"1","page":"664-672","user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","type":"conference","_id":"11684","year":"1995","publication_status":"published","status":"public","day":"01","citation":{"mla":"Henzinger, Monika H., and V. King. “Fully Dynamic Biconnectivity and Transitive Closure.” <i>Proceedings of IEEE 36th Annual Foundations of Computer Science</i>, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, 1995, pp. 664–72, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1109/SFCS.1995.492668\">10.1109/SFCS.1995.492668</a>.","ista":"Henzinger MH, King V. 1995. Fully dynamic biconnectivity and transitive closure. Proceedings of IEEE 36th Annual Foundations of Computer Science. Foundations of Computer Science, 664–672.","short":"M.H. Henzinger, V. King, in:, Proceedings of IEEE 36th Annual Foundations of Computer Science, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, 1995, pp. 664–672.","ama":"Henzinger MH, King V. Fully dynamic biconnectivity and transitive closure. In: <i>Proceedings of IEEE 36th Annual Foundations of Computer Science</i>. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers; 1995:664-672. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1109/SFCS.1995.492668\">10.1109/SFCS.1995.492668</a>","apa":"Henzinger, M. H., &#38; King, V. (1995). Fully dynamic biconnectivity and transitive closure. In <i>Proceedings of IEEE 36th Annual Foundations of Computer Science</i> (pp. 664–672). Milwaukee, WI, United States: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1109/SFCS.1995.492668\">https://doi.org/10.1109/SFCS.1995.492668</a>","chicago":"Henzinger, Monika H, and V. King. “Fully Dynamic Biconnectivity and Transitive Closure.” In <i>Proceedings of IEEE 36th Annual Foundations of Computer Science</i>, 664–72. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, 1995. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1109/SFCS.1995.492668\">https://doi.org/10.1109/SFCS.1995.492668</a>.","ieee":"M. H. Henzinger and V. King, “Fully dynamic biconnectivity and transitive closure,” in <i>Proceedings of IEEE 36th Annual Foundations of Computer Science</i>, Milwaukee, WI, United States, 1995, pp. 664–672."},"month":"11","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"publication_identifier":{"issn":["0272-5428"],"isbn":["0-8186-7183-1"]}},{"abstract":[{"text":"Transhydrogenase from beef-heart mitochondria was solubilised with Triton X-100 and purified by column chromatography. The detergent-dispersed enzyme catalysed the reduction of acetylpyridine adenine dinucleotide (AcPdAD+) by NADH, but only in the presence of NADP+. Experiments showed that this reaction was cyclic; NADP(H), whilst remaining bound to the enzyme, was alternately reduced by NADH and oxidised by AcPdAD+. A period of incubation of the enzyme with NADPH at pH 6.0 led to inhibition of the simple transhydrogenation reaction between AcPdAD+ and NADPH. However, after such treatment, transhydrogenase acquired the ability to catalyse the (NADPH-dependent) reduction of AcPdAD+ by NADH. It is suggested that this is a similar cycle to the one described above. Evidently, the binding affinity for NADP+ increases as a consequence of the inhibition process resulting from prolonged incubation with NADPH. The pH dependences of simple and cyclic transhydrogenation reactions are described. Though more complex than those in Escherichia coli transhydrogenase, they are consistent with the view [Hutton, M., Day, J.M., Bizouarn, T. and Jackson, J.B. (1994) Eur. J. Biochem. 219, 1041–10511] that, also in the mitochondrial enzyme, binding the release of NADP+ and NADP are accompanied by binding and release of a proton. The enzyme was successfully reconstituted into liposomes by a cholate dilution procedure. The proteoliposomes catalysed cyclic NADPH-dependent reduction of AcPdAD+ by NADH only when they were tightly coupled. However, they catalysed cyclic NADP+-dependent reduction of AcPdAD+ by NADH only when they were uncoupled eg. by addition of carbonylcyanide-p-trifluoromethoxyphenyl hydrazone. These observations are evidence that the proton binding and release which accompany NADP+ binding and release, respectively, take place on the inside of the vesicle, and that they are components of the electrogenic processes of the enzyme.","lang":"eng"}],"extern":"1","title":"Cyclic reactions catalysed by detergent-dispersed and reconstituted transhydrogenase from beef heart mitochondria; implications for the mechanism of proton translocation","publication":"Biochimica et Biophysica Acta - Bioenergetics","publisher":"Elsevier","oa_version":"Published Version","date_created":"2018-12-11T11:54:50Z","publist_id":"5142","oa":1,"acknowledgement":"L.A.S. is grateful to the Wellcome Trust for a Research Fellowship. Support from the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council is also acknowledged. We thank our colleagues. Tania Bizouarn, Mike Hutton and Nick Cotton, for advice and valuable discussion. ","status":"public","external_id":{"pmid":["7578218"]},"article_type":"original","issue":"3","citation":{"ieee":"L. A. Sazanov and B. Jackson, “Cyclic reactions catalysed by detergent-dispersed and reconstituted transhydrogenase from beef heart mitochondria; implications for the mechanism of proton translocation,” <i>Biochimica et Biophysica Acta - Bioenergetics</i>, vol. 1231, no. 3. Elsevier, pp. 304–312, 1995.","chicago":"Sazanov, Leonid A, and Baz Jackson. “Cyclic Reactions Catalysed by Detergent-Dispersed and Reconstituted Transhydrogenase from Beef Heart Mitochondria; Implications for the Mechanism of Proton Translocation.” <i>Biochimica et Biophysica Acta - Bioenergetics</i>. Elsevier, 1995. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/0005-2728(95)00096-2\">https://doi.org/10.1016/0005-2728(95)00096-2</a>.","apa":"Sazanov, L. A., &#38; Jackson, B. (1995). Cyclic reactions catalysed by detergent-dispersed and reconstituted transhydrogenase from beef heart mitochondria; implications for the mechanism of proton translocation. <i>Biochimica et Biophysica Acta - Bioenergetics</i>. Elsevier. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/0005-2728(95)00096-2\">https://doi.org/10.1016/0005-2728(95)00096-2</a>","ama":"Sazanov LA, Jackson B. Cyclic reactions catalysed by detergent-dispersed and reconstituted transhydrogenase from beef heart mitochondria; implications for the mechanism of proton translocation. <i>Biochimica et Biophysica Acta - Bioenergetics</i>. 1995;1231(3):304-312. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/0005-2728(95)00096-2\">10.1016/0005-2728(95)00096-2</a>","short":"L.A. Sazanov, B. Jackson, Biochimica et Biophysica Acta - Bioenergetics 1231 (1995) 304–312.","mla":"Sazanov, Leonid A., and Baz Jackson. “Cyclic Reactions Catalysed by Detergent-Dispersed and Reconstituted Transhydrogenase from Beef Heart Mitochondria; Implications for the Mechanism of Proton Translocation.” <i>Biochimica et Biophysica Acta - Bioenergetics</i>, vol. 1231, no. 3, Elsevier, 1995, pp. 304–12, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/0005-2728(95)00096-2\">10.1016/0005-2728(95)00096-2</a>.","ista":"Sazanov LA, Jackson B. 1995. Cyclic reactions catalysed by detergent-dispersed and reconstituted transhydrogenase from beef heart mitochondria; implications for the mechanism of proton translocation. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta - Bioenergetics. 1231(3), 304–312."},"publication_identifier":{"issn":["0005-2728"]},"page":"304 - 312","volume":1231,"type":"journal_article","user_id":"ea97e931-d5af-11eb-85d4-e6957dddbf17","_id":"1943","year":"1995","author":[{"full_name":"Sazanov, Leonid A","id":"338D39FE-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","first_name":"Leonid A","last_name":"Sazanov","orcid":"0000-0002-0977-7989"},{"full_name":"Jackson, Baz","first_name":"Baz","last_name":"Jackson"}],"date_published":"1995-10-10T00:00:00Z","doi":"10.1016/0005-2728(95)00096-2","date_updated":"2022-06-29T15:04:47Z","article_processing_charge":"No","quality_controlled":"1","pmid":1,"day":"10","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"month":"10","intvolume":"      1231","main_file_link":[{"open_access":"1","url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0005272895000962?via%3Dihub"}],"publication_status":"published"},{"type":"conference","user_id":"ea97e931-d5af-11eb-85d4-e6957dddbf17","page":"166 - 179","volume":939,"year":"1995","_id":"4587","acknowledgement":"Supported in part by the NSF grant CCR-9200794, by the AFOSR contract F49620-93-1-0056, and by the DARPA grant NAG2-892.","status":"public","publication_identifier":{"isbn":["978-3-540-60045-9"]},"citation":{"apa":"Alur, R., &#38; Henzinger, T. A. (1995). Local liveness for compositional modeling of fair reactive systems. In <i>7th International Conference on Computer Aided Verification</i> (Vol. 939, pp. 166–179). Liege, Belgium: Springer. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-60045-0_49\">https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-60045-0_49</a>","ieee":"R. Alur and T. A. Henzinger, “Local liveness for compositional modeling of fair reactive systems,” in <i>7th International Conference on Computer Aided Verification</i>, Liege, Belgium, 1995, vol. 939, pp. 166–179.","chicago":"Alur, Rajeev, and Thomas A Henzinger. “Local Liveness for Compositional Modeling of Fair Reactive Systems.” In <i>7th International Conference on Computer Aided Verification</i>, 939:166–79. Springer, 1995. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-60045-0_49\">https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-60045-0_49</a>.","short":"R. Alur, T.A. Henzinger, in:, 7th International Conference on Computer Aided Verification, Springer, 1995, pp. 166–179.","ista":"Alur R, Henzinger TA. 1995. Local liveness for compositional modeling of fair reactive systems. 7th International Conference on Computer Aided Verification. CAV: Computer Aided Verification, LNCS, vol. 939, 166–179.","mla":"Alur, Rajeev, and Thomas A. Henzinger. “Local Liveness for Compositional Modeling of Fair Reactive Systems.” <i>7th International Conference on Computer Aided Verification</i>, vol. 939, Springer, 1995, pp. 166–79, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-60045-0_49\">10.1007/3-540-60045-0_49</a>.","ama":"Alur R, Henzinger TA. Local liveness for compositional modeling of fair reactive systems. In: <i>7th International Conference on Computer Aided Verification</i>. Vol 939. Springer; 1995:166-179. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-60045-0_49\">10.1007/3-540-60045-0_49</a>"},"publisher":"Springer","title":"Local liveness for compositional modeling of fair reactive systems","publication":"7th International Conference on Computer Aided Verification","publist_id":"120","oa_version":"None","date_created":"2018-12-11T12:09:37Z","extern":"1","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"We argue that the standard constraints on liveness conditions in nonblocking trace models—machine closure for closed systems, and receptiveness for open systems—are unnecessarily weak and complex, and that liveness should, instead, be specified by augmenting transition systems with acceptance conditions that satisfy a locality constraint. First, locality implies machine closure and receptiveness, and thus permits the composition and modular verification of live transition systems. Second, while machine closure and receptiveness are based on infinite games, locality is based on repeated finite games, and thus easier to check. Third, no expressive power is lost by the restriction to local liveness conditions. We illustrate the appeal of local liveness using the model of Fair Reactive Systems, a nonblocking trace model of communicating processes."}],"publication_status":"published","intvolume":"       939","main_file_link":[{"url":"https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/3-540-60045-0_49"}],"day":"01","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"month":"01","conference":{"start_date":"1995-07-03","location":"Liege, Belgium","end_date":"1995-07-05","name":"CAV: Computer Aided Verification"},"doi":"10.1007/3-540-60045-0_49","date_updated":"2022-06-09T14:05:04Z","alternative_title":["LNCS"],"article_processing_charge":"No","author":[{"full_name":"Alur, Rajeev","first_name":"Rajeev","last_name":"Alur"},{"orcid":"0000−0002−2985−7724","last_name":"Henzinger","first_name":"Thomas A","id":"40876CD8-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","full_name":"Henzinger, Thomas A"}],"date_published":"1995-01-01T00:00:00Z","quality_controlled":"1"},{"extern":"1","abstract":[{"text":"We present a general framework for the formal specification and algorithmic analysis of hybrid systems. A hybrid system consists of a discrete program with an analog environment. We model hybrid systems as finite automata equipped with variables that evolve continuously with time according to dynamical laws. For verification purposes, we restrict ourselves to linear hybrid systems, where all variables follow piecewise-linear trajectories. We provide decidability and undecidability results for classes of linear hybrid systems, and we show that standard program-analysis techniques can be adapted to linear hybrid systems. In particular, we consider symbolic model-checking and minimization procedures that are based on the reachability analysis of an infinite state space. The procedures iteratively compute state sets that are definable as unions of convex polyhedra in multidimensional real space. We also present approximation techniques for dealing with systems for which the iterative procedures do not converge.","lang":"eng"}],"publisher":"Elsevier","title":"The algorithmic analysis of hybrid systems","publication":"Theoretical Computer Science","publist_id":"94","oa_version":"None","date_created":"2018-12-11T12:09:45Z","article_type":"original","issue":"1","status":"public","publication_identifier":{"issn":["0304-3975"]},"citation":{"ista":"Alur R, Courcoubetis C, Halbwachs N, Henzinger TA, Ho P, Nicollin X, Olivero A, Sifakis J, Yovine S. 1995. The algorithmic analysis of hybrid systems. Theoretical Computer Science. 138(1), 3–34.","short":"R. Alur, C. Courcoubetis, N. Halbwachs, T.A. Henzinger, P. Ho, X. Nicollin, A. Olivero, J. Sifakis, S. Yovine, Theoretical Computer Science 138 (1995) 3–34.","mla":"Alur, Rajeev, et al. “The Algorithmic Analysis of Hybrid Systems.” <i>Theoretical Computer Science</i>, vol. 138, no. 1, Elsevier, 1995, pp. 3–34, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-3975(94)00202-T\">10.1016/0304-3975(94)00202-T</a>.","ama":"Alur R, Courcoubetis C, Halbwachs N, et al. The algorithmic analysis of hybrid systems. <i>Theoretical Computer Science</i>. 1995;138(1):3-34. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-3975(94)00202-T\">10.1016/0304-3975(94)00202-T</a>","apa":"Alur, R., Courcoubetis, C., Halbwachs, N., Henzinger, T. A., Ho, P., Nicollin, X., … Yovine, S. (1995). The algorithmic analysis of hybrid systems. <i>Theoretical Computer Science</i>. Elsevier. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-3975(94)00202-T\">https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-3975(94)00202-T</a>","chicago":"Alur, Rajeev, Costas Courcoubetis, Nicolas Halbwachs, Thomas A Henzinger, Pei Ho, Xavier Nicollin, Alfredo Olivero, Joseph Sifakis, and Sergio Yovine. “The Algorithmic Analysis of Hybrid Systems.” <i>Theoretical Computer Science</i>. Elsevier, 1995. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-3975(94)00202-T\">https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-3975(94)00202-T</a>.","ieee":"R. Alur <i>et al.</i>, “The algorithmic analysis of hybrid systems,” <i>Theoretical Computer Science</i>, vol. 138, no. 1. Elsevier, pp. 3–34, 1995."},"type":"journal_article","user_id":"ea97e931-d5af-11eb-85d4-e6957dddbf17","page":"3 - 34","volume":138,"year":"1995","_id":"4613","date_updated":"2022-06-09T13:40:48Z","doi":"10.1016/0304-3975(94)00202-T","article_processing_charge":"No","author":[{"full_name":"Alur, Rajeev","last_name":"Alur","first_name":"Rajeev"},{"full_name":"Courcoubetis, Costas","last_name":"Courcoubetis","first_name":"Costas"},{"full_name":"Halbwachs, Nicolas","first_name":"Nicolas","last_name":"Halbwachs"},{"first_name":"Thomas A","last_name":"Henzinger","orcid":"0000−0002−2985−7724","full_name":"Henzinger, Thomas A","id":"40876CD8-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87"},{"full_name":"Ho, Pei","last_name":"Ho","first_name":"Pei"},{"last_name":"Nicollin","first_name":"Xavier","full_name":"Nicollin, Xavier"},{"full_name":"Olivero, Alfredo","first_name":"Alfredo","last_name":"Olivero"},{"full_name":"Sifakis, Joseph","first_name":"Joseph","last_name":"Sifakis"},{"last_name":"Yovine","first_name":"Sergio","full_name":"Yovine, Sergio"}],"date_published":"1995-02-06T00:00:00Z","quality_controlled":"1","day":"06","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"month":"02","publication_status":"published","intvolume":"       138","main_file_link":[{"url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/030439759400202T?via%3Dihub"}]},{"status":"public","pmid":1,"issue":"2","day":"15","external_id":{"pmid":["7851791"]},"citation":{"apa":"de Bono, M., Zarkower, D., &#38; Hodgkin, J. (1995). Dominant feminizing mutations implicate protein-protein interactions as the main mode of regulation of the nematode sex-determining gene tra-1. <i>Genes and Development</i>. CSH Press. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1101/gad.9.2.155\">https://doi.org/10.1101/gad.9.2.155</a>","ieee":"M. de Bono, D. Zarkower, and J. Hodgkin, “Dominant feminizing mutations implicate protein-protein interactions as the main mode of regulation of the nematode sex-determining gene tra-1,” <i>Genes and Development</i>, vol. 9, no. 2. CSH Press, pp. 155–167, 1995.","chicago":"Bono, Mario de, D. Zarkower, and J. Hodgkin. “Dominant Feminizing Mutations Implicate Protein-Protein Interactions as the Main Mode of Regulation of the Nematode Sex-Determining Gene Tra-1.” <i>Genes and Development</i>. CSH Press, 1995. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1101/gad.9.2.155\">https://doi.org/10.1101/gad.9.2.155</a>.","mla":"de Bono, Mario, et al. “Dominant Feminizing Mutations Implicate Protein-Protein Interactions as the Main Mode of Regulation of the Nematode Sex-Determining Gene Tra-1.” <i>Genes and Development</i>, vol. 9, no. 2, CSH Press, 1995, pp. 155–67, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1101/gad.9.2.155\">10.1101/gad.9.2.155</a>.","short":"M. de Bono, D. Zarkower, J. Hodgkin, Genes and Development 9 (1995) 155–167.","ista":"de Bono M, Zarkower D, Hodgkin J. 1995. Dominant feminizing mutations implicate protein-protein interactions as the main mode of regulation of the nematode sex-determining gene tra-1. Genes and Development. 9(2), 155–167.","ama":"de Bono M, Zarkower D, Hodgkin J. Dominant feminizing mutations implicate protein-protein interactions as the main mode of regulation of the nematode sex-determining gene tra-1. <i>Genes and Development</i>. 1995;9(2):155-167. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1101/gad.9.2.155\">10.1101/gad.9.2.155</a>"},"month":"01","publication_identifier":{"issn":["08909369"]},"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"volume":9,"page":"155-167","user_id":"3E5EF7F0-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","type":"journal_article","_id":"6162","intvolume":"         9","year":"1995","publication_status":"published","author":[{"orcid":"0000-0001-8347-0443","last_name":"de Bono","first_name":"Mario","id":"4E3FF80E-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","full_name":"de Bono, Mario"},{"full_name":"Zarkower, D.","last_name":"Zarkower","first_name":"D."},{"full_name":"Hodgkin, J.","first_name":"J.","last_name":"Hodgkin"}],"date_published":"1995-01-15T00:00:00Z","doi":"10.1101/gad.9.2.155","date_updated":"2021-01-12T08:06:29Z","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"The tra-1 gene is the terminal global selector of somatic sex in Caenorhabditis elegans: High tra-1 activity elicits female somatic development while low tra-1 activity elicits male development. Previous genetic studies defined a cascade of negatively interacting genes that regulates tra-1 activity in response to the primary sex-determining signal. Here, we investigate the last step in this regulatory cascade, by studying rare gain-of-function (gf) mutations of tra-1 that direct female somatic development irrespective of the upstream sex-determining signal. These mutations appear to abolish negative regulation of tra-1 in male tissues. We identify the lesions associated with 29 of these mutations and find that all affect a short stretch of amino acid residues present in both protein products of the tra-1 gene. Twenty-six alleles are associated with single nonconservative amino acid substitutions. Two alleles affect tra-1 RNA splicing and generate messages that omit part or all of the exon encoding this short stretch. These results suggest that sexual regulation of tra-1 is achieved post-translationally, by an inhibitory protein-protein interaction. The amino acid stretch altered by the tra-1(gf) mutations may define a site of interaction for negative regulators of tra-1. The stretch includes a potential phosphorylation site for glycogen synthase kinase 3 and may be conserved in the human gene GLI3, a homolog of tra-1 identified previously."}],"quality_controlled":"1","extern":"1","publication":"Genes and Development","title":"Dominant feminizing mutations implicate protein-protein interactions as the main mode of regulation of the nematode sex-determining gene tra-1","publisher":"CSH Press","date_created":"2019-03-21T11:57:40Z","oa_version":"None"},{"type":"conference","user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","page":"171–184","volume":979,"publication_status":"published","year":"1995","intvolume":"       979","_id":"11805","day":"01","status":"public","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"publication_identifier":{"issn":["0302-9743"],"eissn":["1611-3349"],"eisbn":["9783540449133"],"isbn":["9783540603139"]},"month":"09","citation":{"mla":"Henzinger, Monika H., and Han Poutré. “Certificates and Fast Algorithms for Biconnectivity in Fully-Dynamic Graphs.” <i>3rd Annual European Symposium on Algorithms</i>, vol. 979, Springer Nature, 1995, pp. 171–184, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-60313-1_142\">10.1007/3-540-60313-1_142</a>.","ista":"Henzinger MH, Poutré H. 1995. Certificates and fast algorithms for biconnectivity in fully-dynamic graphs. 3rd Annual European Symposium on Algorithms. ESA: European Symposium on Algorithms, LNCS, vol. 979, 171–184.","short":"M.H. Henzinger, H. Poutré, in:, 3rd Annual European Symposium on Algorithms, Springer Nature, 1995, pp. 171–184.","ama":"Henzinger MH, Poutré H. Certificates and fast algorithms for biconnectivity in fully-dynamic graphs. In: <i>3rd Annual European Symposium on Algorithms</i>. Vol 979. Springer Nature; 1995:171–184. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-60313-1_142\">10.1007/3-540-60313-1_142</a>","apa":"Henzinger, M. H., &#38; Poutré, H. (1995). Certificates and fast algorithms for biconnectivity in fully-dynamic graphs. In <i>3rd Annual European Symposium on Algorithms</i> (Vol. 979, pp. 171–184). Corfu, Greece: Springer Nature. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-60313-1_142\">https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-60313-1_142</a>","ieee":"M. H. Henzinger and H. Poutré, “Certificates and fast algorithms for biconnectivity in fully-dynamic graphs,” in <i>3rd Annual European Symposium on Algorithms</i>, Corfu, Greece, 1995, vol. 979, pp. 171–184.","chicago":"Henzinger, Monika H, and Han Poutré. “Certificates and Fast Algorithms for Biconnectivity in Fully-Dynamic Graphs.” In <i>3rd Annual European Symposium on Algorithms</i>, 979:171–184. Springer Nature, 1995. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-60313-1_142\">https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-60313-1_142</a>."},"publisher":"Springer Nature","title":"Certificates and fast algorithms for biconnectivity in fully-dynamic graphs","publication":"3rd Annual European Symposium on Algorithms","oa_version":"None","conference":{"end_date":"1995-09-27","name":"ESA: European Symposium on Algorithms","start_date":"1995-09-25","location":"Corfu, Greece"},"date_created":"2022-08-11T14:09:52Z","date_updated":"2023-02-14T08:02:03Z","alternative_title":["LNCS"],"doi":"10.1007/3-540-60313-1_142","article_processing_charge":"No","author":[{"last_name":"Henzinger","orcid":"0000-0002-5008-6530","first_name":"Monika H","id":"540c9bbd-f2de-11ec-812d-d04a5be85630","full_name":"Henzinger, Monika H"},{"first_name":"Han","last_name":"Poutré","full_name":"Poutré, Han"}],"date_published":"1995-09-01T00:00:00Z","extern":"1","quality_controlled":"1","abstract":[{"text":"In this paper, we present sparse certificates for biconnectivity together with algorithms for updating these certificates. We thus obtain fully-dynamic algorithms for biconnectivity in graphs that run in O(√n log n log⌈m/n⌉) amortized time per operation, where m is the number of edges and n is the number of nodes in the graph. This improves upon the results in [11], in which algorithms were presented running in O(√m) amortized time, and solves the open problem to find certificates to speed up biconnectivity, as stated in [2].","lang":"eng"}],"scopus_import":"1"},{"date_published":"1995-07-01T00:00:00Z","author":[{"full_name":"Henzinger, Monika H","id":"540c9bbd-f2de-11ec-812d-d04a5be85630","first_name":"Monika H","last_name":"Henzinger","orcid":"0000-0002-5008-6530"}],"doi":"10.1007/3-540-60084-1_81","alternative_title":["LNCS"],"date_updated":"2023-02-14T08:09:08Z","article_processing_charge":"No","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"This paper presents insertions-only algorithms for maintaining the exact and approximate size of the minimum edge cut and the minimum vertex cut of a graph. The algorithms output the approximate or exact size k in time O(1) or O(log n) and a cut of size k in time linear in its size. The amortized time per insertion is O(1/ε 2) for a (2+ε)-approximation, O((log λ)((log n)/ε)2) for a (1+ε)-approximation, and O(λ log n) for the exact size of the minimum edge cut, where n is the number of nodes in the graph, λ is the size of the minimum cut and ε>0. The (2+ε)-approximation algorithm and the exact algorithm are deterministic, the (1+ε)-approximation algorithm is randomized. The algorithms are optimal in the sense that the time needed for m insertions matches the time needed by the best static algorithm on a m-edge graph. We also present a static 2-approximation algorithm for the size κ of the minimum vertex cut in a graph, which takes time O(n 2 min(√n,κ)). This is a factor of κ faster than the best algorithm for computing the exact size, which takes time O(κ 2 n 2 +κ 3 n 1.5). We give an insertionsonly algorithm for maintaining a (2+ε)-approximation of the minimum vertex cut with amortized insertion time O(n(logκk)/ε)."}],"scopus_import":"1","extern":"1","quality_controlled":"1","title":"Approximating minimum cuts under insertions","publication":"22nd International Colloquium on Automata, Languages and Programming","publisher":"Springer Nature","oa_version":"None","date_created":"2022-08-11T14:17:33Z","conference":{"location":"Szeged, Hungary","start_date":"1995-07-10","name":"ICALP: International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming","end_date":"1995-07-14"},"status":"public","day":"01","citation":{"ama":"Henzinger MH. Approximating minimum cuts under insertions. In: <i>22nd International Colloquium on Automata, Languages and Programming</i>. Vol 944. Springer Nature; 1995:280–291. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-60084-1_81\">10.1007/3-540-60084-1_81</a>","mla":"Henzinger, Monika H. “Approximating Minimum Cuts under Insertions.” <i>22nd International Colloquium on Automata, Languages and Programming</i>, vol. 944, Springer Nature, 1995, pp. 280–291, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-60084-1_81\">10.1007/3-540-60084-1_81</a>.","ista":"Henzinger MH. 1995. Approximating minimum cuts under insertions. 22nd International Colloquium on Automata, Languages and Programming. ICALP: International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming, LNCS, vol. 944, 280–291.","short":"M.H. Henzinger, in:, 22nd International Colloquium on Automata, Languages and Programming, Springer Nature, 1995, pp. 280–291.","chicago":"Henzinger, Monika H. “Approximating Minimum Cuts under Insertions.” In <i>22nd International Colloquium on Automata, Languages and Programming</i>, 944:280–291. Springer Nature, 1995. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-60084-1_81\">https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-60084-1_81</a>.","ieee":"M. H. Henzinger, “Approximating minimum cuts under insertions,” in <i>22nd International Colloquium on Automata, Languages and Programming</i>, Szeged, Hungary, 1995, vol. 944, pp. 280–291.","apa":"Henzinger, M. H. (1995). Approximating minimum cuts under insertions. In <i>22nd International Colloquium on Automata, Languages and Programming</i> (Vol. 944, pp. 280–291). Szeged, Hungary: Springer Nature. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-60084-1_81\">https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-60084-1_81</a>"},"publication_identifier":{"isbn":["9783540494256"],"issn":["0302-9743"],"eisbn":["9783540600848"],"eissn":["1611-3349"]},"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"month":"07","page":"280–291","volume":944,"type":"conference","user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","_id":"11806","intvolume":"       944","publication_status":"published","year":"1995"},{"day":"01","status":"public","oa":1,"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"publication_identifier":{"isbn":["0898713498"]},"month":"01","citation":{"apa":"Alberts, D., &#38; Henzinger, M. H. (1995). Average case analysis of dynamic graph algorithms. In <i>6th Annual ACM-SIAM Symposium on Discrete Algorithms</i> (pp. 312–321). San Francisco, CA, United States: Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics.","ieee":"D. Alberts and M. H. Henzinger, “Average case analysis of dynamic graph algorithms,” in <i>6th Annual ACM-SIAM Symposium on Discrete Algorithms</i>, San Francisco, CA, United States, 1995, pp. 312–321.","chicago":"Alberts, David, and Monika H Henzinger. “Average Case Analysis of Dynamic Graph Algorithms.” In <i>6th Annual ACM-SIAM Symposium on Discrete Algorithms</i>, 312–21. Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics, 1995.","short":"D. Alberts, M.H. Henzinger, in:, 6th Annual ACM-SIAM Symposium on Discrete Algorithms, Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics, 1995, pp. 312–321.","ista":"Alberts D, Henzinger MH. 1995. Average case analysis of dynamic graph algorithms. 6th Annual ACM-SIAM Symposium on Discrete Algorithms. SODA: Symposium on Discrete Algorithms, 312–321.","mla":"Alberts, David, and Monika H. Henzinger. “Average Case Analysis of Dynamic Graph Algorithms.” <i>6th Annual ACM-SIAM Symposium on Discrete Algorithms</i>, Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics, 1995, pp. 312–21.","ama":"Alberts D, Henzinger MH. Average case analysis of dynamic graph algorithms. In: <i>6th Annual ACM-SIAM Symposium on Discrete Algorithms</i>. Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics; 1995:312-321."},"type":"conference","user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","page":"312-321","publication_status":"published","year":"1995","_id":"11928","main_file_link":[{"url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.5555/313651.313712","open_access":"1"}],"date_updated":"2023-02-21T16:24:58Z","related_material":{"record":[{"id":"11680","status":"public","relation":"later_version"}]},"article_processing_charge":"No","date_published":"1995-01-01T00:00:00Z","author":[{"first_name":"David","last_name":"Alberts","full_name":"Alberts, David"},{"first_name":"Monika H","last_name":"Henzinger","orcid":"0000-0002-5008-6530","full_name":"Henzinger, Monika H","id":"540c9bbd-f2de-11ec-812d-d04a5be85630"}],"quality_controlled":"1","extern":"1","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"We present a model with restricted randomness for edge updates in dynamic graph algorithms and a general technique\r\nfor analyzing the expected running time of an update operation. This model is able to capture the average case in many applications, since (1) it allows restrictions on the set of edges which can be used for insertions and (2) the type (insertion or deletion) of each update operation is arbitrary, i.e., not random. We use our technique to analyze existing and new dynamic algorithms for maximum cardinality matching, minimum spanning forest, connectivity, 2-edge connectivity,\r\nk-edge connectivity, k-vertex connectivity, and bipartiteness. Given a random graph G with mo edges and n vertices and\r\na sequence of 1 update operations such that the graph contains rni edges after operation i, the expected time for performing the updates for any 1 is O(1 logn + n xi=, l/fii) in the case of minimum spanning forests, connectivity, 2-\r\nedge connectivity, and bipartiteness. The expected time per update operation is O(n) in the case of maximum matching. For k-edge and k-vertex connectivity we also give improved bounds. Additionally we give an insertions-only algorithm for maximum cardinality matching with worst-case O(n) amortized time per insertion. "}],"scopus_import":"1","publisher":"Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics","title":"Average case analysis of dynamic graph algorithms","publication":"6th Annual ACM-SIAM Symposium on Discrete Algorithms","oa_version":"Published Version","date_created":"2022-08-19T07:10:23Z","conference":{"end_date":"1995-01-24","name":"SODA: Symposium on Discrete Algorithms","start_date":"1995-01-22","location":"San Francisco, CA, United States"}},{"quality_controlled":"1","extern":"1","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"The study of gene expression and regulation in the central nervous system (CNS) is a daunting task because of the diversity of neuronal phenotypes and the complexity of many protein classes. Molecular cloning revealed the presence of a large number of different protein families in the CNS, each comprising several members. Ligand-gated ion channels may serve as an example to illustrate this point (for review, see Unwin, 1993). Heterologous expression combined with electrophysiological analysis suggests that ligand-gated channels are multimeric proteins with functional properties depending on the subunit composition. Very little is known, however, about how the functional properties of the recombinant and native receptors relate to each other. Thus, it is of eminent importance to elucidate the subunit expression profile in different types of neurons in the CNS and to correlate this with the functional properties of the native receptors."}],"doi":"10.1007/978-1-4419-1229-9_16","date_updated":"2022-06-28T09:13:01Z","article_processing_charge":"No","editor":[{"full_name":"Sakmann, Bert","last_name":"Sakmann","first_name":"Bert"},{"full_name":"Neher, Erwin","last_name":"Neher","first_name":"Erwin"}],"date_published":"1995-01-01T00:00:00Z","author":[{"full_name":"Monyer, Hannah","first_name":"Hannah","last_name":"Monyer"},{"id":"353C1B58-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","full_name":"Jonas, Peter M","orcid":"0000-0001-5001-4804","last_name":"Jonas","first_name":"Peter M"}],"publist_id":"2933","oa_version":"None","date_created":"2018-12-11T12:03:25Z","publisher":"Plenum","title":"Polymerase chain reaction analysis of ion channel expression in single neurons of brain slices","publication":"Single-channel recording","publication_identifier":{"isbn":["978-0-306-44870-6"]},"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"month":"01","citation":{"apa":"Monyer, H., &#38; Jonas, P. M. (1995). Polymerase chain reaction analysis of ion channel expression in single neurons of brain slices. In B. Sakmann &#38; E. Neher (Eds.), <i>Single-channel recording</i> (pp. 357–373). Plenum. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-1229-9_16\">https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-1229-9_16</a>","chicago":"Monyer, Hannah, and Peter M Jonas. “Polymerase Chain Reaction Analysis of Ion Channel Expression in Single Neurons of Brain Slices.” In <i>Single-Channel Recording</i>, edited by Bert Sakmann and Erwin Neher, 357–73. Plenum, 1995. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-1229-9_16\">https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-1229-9_16</a>.","ieee":"H. Monyer and P. M. Jonas, “Polymerase chain reaction analysis of ion channel expression in single neurons of brain slices,” in <i>Single-channel recording</i>, B. Sakmann and E. Neher, Eds. Plenum, 1995, pp. 357–373.","mla":"Monyer, Hannah, and Peter M. Jonas. “Polymerase Chain Reaction Analysis of Ion Channel Expression in Single Neurons of Brain Slices.” <i>Single-Channel Recording</i>, edited by Bert Sakmann and Erwin Neher, Plenum, 1995, pp. 357–73, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-1229-9_16\">10.1007/978-1-4419-1229-9_16</a>.","short":"H. Monyer, P.M. Jonas, in:, B. Sakmann, E. Neher (Eds.), Single-Channel Recording, Plenum, 1995, pp. 357–373.","ista":"Monyer H, Jonas PM. 1995.Polymerase chain reaction analysis of ion channel expression in single neurons of brain slices. In: Single-channel recording. , 357–373.","ama":"Monyer H, Jonas PM. Polymerase chain reaction analysis of ion channel expression in single neurons of brain slices. In: Sakmann B, Neher E, eds. <i>Single-Channel Recording</i>. Plenum; 1995:357-373. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-1229-9_16\">10.1007/978-1-4419-1229-9_16</a>"},"day":"01","status":"public","publication_status":"published","year":"1995","main_file_link":[{"url":"https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-1-4419-1229-9_16"}],"_id":"3454","type":"book_chapter","user_id":"ea97e931-d5af-11eb-85d4-e6957dddbf17","page":"357 - 373"},{"publication_status":"published","year":"1995","_id":"3455","main_file_link":[{"url":"https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-1-4419-1229-9_10"}],"type":"book_chapter","user_id":"ea97e931-d5af-11eb-85d4-e6957dddbf17","page":"231 - 243","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"publication_identifier":{"isbn":["978-0-306-44870-6"]},"month":"01","citation":{"ama":"Jonas PM. Fast application of agonists to isolated membrane patches. In: Sakmann B, Neher E, eds. <i>Single-Channel Recording</i>. Plenum; 1995:231-243. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-1229-9_10\">10.1007/978-1-4419-1229-9_10</a>","short":"P.M. Jonas, in:, B. Sakmann, E. Neher (Eds.), Single-Channel Recording, Plenum, 1995, pp. 231–243.","mla":"Jonas, Peter M. “Fast Application of Agonists to Isolated Membrane Patches.” <i>Single-Channel Recording</i>, edited by Bert Sakmann and Erwin Neher, Plenum, 1995, pp. 231–43, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-1229-9_10\">10.1007/978-1-4419-1229-9_10</a>.","ista":"Jonas PM. 1995.Fast application of agonists to isolated membrane patches. In: Single-channel recording. , 231–243.","chicago":"Jonas, Peter M. “Fast Application of Agonists to Isolated Membrane Patches.” In <i>Single-Channel Recording</i>, edited by Bert Sakmann and Erwin Neher, 231–43. Plenum, 1995. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-1229-9_10\">https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-1229-9_10</a>.","ieee":"P. M. Jonas, “Fast application of agonists to isolated membrane patches,” in <i>Single-channel recording</i>, B. Sakmann and E. Neher, Eds. Plenum, 1995, pp. 231–243.","apa":"Jonas, P. M. (1995). Fast application of agonists to isolated membrane patches. In B. Sakmann &#38; E. Neher (Eds.), <i>Single-channel recording</i> (pp. 231–243). Plenum. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-1229-9_10\">https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-1229-9_10</a>"},"day":"01","status":"public","publist_id":"2932","oa_version":"None","date_created":"2018-12-11T12:03:25Z","publisher":"Plenum","title":"Fast application of agonists to isolated membrane patches","publication":"Single-channel recording","extern":"1","quality_controlled":"1","abstract":[{"text":"At a synapse, the transmitter is stored in synaptic vesicles and is released into the synaptic cleft almost instantaneously upon fusion of these vesicles with the presynaptic membrane. Subsequently, the transmitter diffuses to ligand-gated ion channels in the postsynaptic density, binds to them, and thereby causes channel activation. Unfortunately, we have estimates neither of the exact amount of transmitter in the synaptic vesicle nor of the concentration in the synaptic cleft reaching the postsynaptic receptors, and in some cases even the identity of the transmitter is unknown. These questions may be addressed by modeling of release and diffusion. Such a theoretical approach, however, is based on several assumptions, some of which lack experimental evidence.","lang":"eng"}],"doi":"10.1007/978-1-4419-1229-9_10","date_updated":"2022-06-28T08:51:40Z","article_processing_charge":"No","editor":[{"first_name":"Bert","last_name":"Sakmann","full_name":"Sakmann, Bert"},{"full_name":"Neher, Erwin","first_name":"Erwin","last_name":"Neher"}],"author":[{"full_name":"Jonas, Peter M","id":"353C1B58-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","first_name":"Peter M","last_name":"Jonas","orcid":"0000-0001-5001-4804"}],"date_published":"1995-01-01T00:00:00Z"},{"publisher":"Elsevier","publication":"Neuron","title":"Molecular mechanisms controlling calcium entry through  AMPA-type glutamate receptor channels","publist_id":"2926","date_created":"2018-12-11T12:03:27Z","oa_version":"Published Version","extern":"1","user_id":"ea97e931-d5af-11eb-85d4-e6957dddbf17","type":"journal_article","volume":15,"page":"987 - 990","year":"1995","_id":"3461","issue":"5","article_type":"original","external_id":{"pmid":["7576666"]},"oa":1,"status":"public","publication_identifier":{"issn":["0896-6273"]},"citation":{"ieee":"P. M. Jonas and N. Burnashev, “Molecular mechanisms controlling calcium entry through  AMPA-type glutamate receptor channels,” <i>Neuron</i>, vol. 15, no. 5. Elsevier, pp. 987–990, 1995.","chicago":"Jonas, Peter M, and Nail Burnashev. “Molecular Mechanisms Controlling Calcium Entry through  AMPA-Type Glutamate Receptor Channels.” <i>Neuron</i>. Elsevier, 1995. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/0896-6273(95)90087-X\">https://doi.org/10.1016/0896-6273(95)90087-X</a>.","apa":"Jonas, P. M., &#38; Burnashev, N. (1995). Molecular mechanisms controlling calcium entry through  AMPA-type glutamate receptor channels. <i>Neuron</i>. Elsevier. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/0896-6273(95)90087-X\">https://doi.org/10.1016/0896-6273(95)90087-X</a>","ama":"Jonas PM, Burnashev N. Molecular mechanisms controlling calcium entry through  AMPA-type glutamate receptor channels. <i>Neuron</i>. 1995;15(5):987-990. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/0896-6273(95)90087-X\">10.1016/0896-6273(95)90087-X</a>","short":"P.M. Jonas, N. Burnashev, Neuron 15 (1995) 987–990.","ista":"Jonas PM, Burnashev N. 1995. Molecular mechanisms controlling calcium entry through  AMPA-type glutamate receptor channels. Neuron. 15(5), 987–990.","mla":"Jonas, Peter M., and Nail Burnashev. “Molecular Mechanisms Controlling Calcium Entry through  AMPA-Type Glutamate Receptor Channels.” <i>Neuron</i>, vol. 15, no. 5, Elsevier, 1995, pp. 987–90, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/0896-6273(95)90087-X\">10.1016/0896-6273(95)90087-X</a>."},"article_processing_charge":"No","date_updated":"2022-06-28T08:34:36Z","doi":"10.1016/0896-6273(95)90087-X","author":[{"first_name":"Peter M","orcid":"0000-0001-5001-4804","last_name":"Jonas","full_name":"Jonas, Peter M","id":"353C1B58-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87"},{"full_name":"Burnashev, Nail","first_name":"Nail","last_name":"Burnashev"}],"date_published":"1995-11-01T00:00:00Z","quality_controlled":"1","scopus_import":"1","publication_status":"published","intvolume":"        15","main_file_link":[{"open_access":"1","url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/089662739590087X?via%3Dihub"}],"day":"01","pmid":1,"month":"11","language":[{"iso":"eng"}]},{"oa":1,"acknowledgement":"We thank M.Hausser, A.Roth, P.Ruppersberg, and G.Stuart for helpful discussions and M.H. and G.S. for critically reading the manuscript. We also thank M.Kaiser for expert technical assistance and F.Helmchen, M.Huke and A.Roth for computer programming. Financial support from the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation and the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (SFB317) is gratefully acknowledged.","status":"public","issue":"Pt 2","article_type":"original","external_id":{"pmid":["7536248"]},"citation":{"short":"N. Spruston, P.M. Jonas, B. Sakmann, Journal of Physiology 482 (1995) 325–352.","ista":"Spruston N, Jonas PM, Sakmann B. 1995. Dendritic glutamate receptor channels in rat hippocampal CA3 and CA1 pyramidal neurons. Journal of Physiology. 482(Pt 2), 325–352.","mla":"Spruston, Nelson, et al. “Dendritic Glutamate Receptor Channels in Rat Hippocampal CA3 and CA1 Pyramidal Neurons.” <i>Journal of Physiology</i>, vol. 482, no. Pt 2, Wiley-Blackwell, 1995, pp. 325–52, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1113/jphysiol.1995.sp020521\">10.1113/jphysiol.1995.sp020521</a>.","ama":"Spruston N, Jonas PM, Sakmann B. Dendritic glutamate receptor channels in rat hippocampal CA3 and CA1 pyramidal neurons. <i>Journal of Physiology</i>. 1995;482(Pt 2):325-352. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1113/jphysiol.1995.sp020521\">10.1113/jphysiol.1995.sp020521</a>","apa":"Spruston, N., Jonas, P. M., &#38; Sakmann, B. (1995). Dendritic glutamate receptor channels in rat hippocampal CA3 and CA1 pyramidal neurons. <i>Journal of Physiology</i>. Wiley-Blackwell. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1113/jphysiol.1995.sp020521\">https://doi.org/10.1113/jphysiol.1995.sp020521</a>","ieee":"N. Spruston, P. M. Jonas, and B. Sakmann, “Dendritic glutamate receptor channels in rat hippocampal CA3 and CA1 pyramidal neurons,” <i>Journal of Physiology</i>, vol. 482, no. Pt 2. Wiley-Blackwell, pp. 325–352, 1995.","chicago":"Spruston, Nelson, Peter M Jonas, and Bert Sakmann. “Dendritic Glutamate Receptor Channels in Rat Hippocampal CA3 and CA1 Pyramidal Neurons.” <i>Journal of Physiology</i>. Wiley-Blackwell, 1995. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1113/jphysiol.1995.sp020521\">https://doi.org/10.1113/jphysiol.1995.sp020521</a>."},"publication_identifier":{"issn":["0022-3751"]},"volume":482,"page":"325 - 352","user_id":"ea97e931-d5af-11eb-85d4-e6957dddbf17","type":"journal_article","_id":"3478","year":"1995","abstract":[{"text":"1. Properties of dendritic glutamate receptor (GluR) channels were investigated using fast application of glutamate to outside-out membrane patches isolated from the apical dendrites of CA3 and CA1 pyramidal neurons in rat hippocampal slices. CA3 patches were formed (15-76 μm from the soma) in the region of messy fibre (MF) synapses, and CA1 patches (25-174 μm from the soma) in the region of Schaffer collateral (SC) innervation. 2. Dual-component responses consisting of a rapidly rising and decaying component followed by a second, substantially slower, component were elicited by 1 ms pulses of 1 mM glutamate in the presence of 10 μM glycine and absence of external Mg2+. The fast component was selectively blocked by 2-5 μM 6-cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione (CNQX) and the slow component by 30 μM D-2-amino-5-phosphonopentanoic acid (D-AP5), suggesting that the fast and slow components were mediated by the GluR channels of the L-α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionate (AMPA) and NMDA type, respectively. The peak amplitude ratio of the NMDA to AMPA receptor-mediated components varied between 0.03 and 0.62 in patches from both CA3 and CA1 dendrites. Patches lacking either component were rarely observed. 3. The peak current-voltage (I-V) relationship of the fast component was almost linear, whereas the I-V relationship of the slow component showed a region of negative slope in the presence of 1 mM external Mg2+. The reversal potential for both components was close to 0 mV. 4. Kainate-preferring GluR channels did not contribute appreciably to the response to glutamate. The responses to 100 ms pulses of 1 mM glutamate were mimicked by application of 1 mM AMPA, whereas 1 mM kainate produced much smaller, weakly desensitizing currents. This suggests that the fast component is primarily mediated by the action of glutamate on AMPA-preferring receptors. 5. The mean elementary conductance of AMPA receptor channels was about 10 pS, as estimated by non-stationary fluctuation analysis. The permeability of these channels to Ca2+ was low (~5% of the permeability to Cs+). 6. The elementary conductance of NMDA receptor channels was larger, with a main conductance state of about 45 pS. These channels were 3.6 times more permeable to Ca2+ than to Cs+. 7. AMPA receptor-mediated currents activated rapidly in response to 1 ms pulses of 1 mM glutamate and deactivated with a predominant, fast time constant and a smaller, slower component (τ1≃2 ms, τ2≃8 ms, contributing ~80 and ~20% to the total decay amplitude, respectively). Desensitization of the current during a 100 ms pulse was best fitted by two time constants (τ1≃10 ms, ~60%; τ2≃34 ms, ~40%). 8. NMDA receptor-mediated currents in response to 1 ms pulses of 1 mM glutamate activated and deactivated much more slowly than AMPA receptor-mediated currents. The time course could be described by a single exponential rising phase (τ≃7 ms) followed by a double exponential decay (τ1≃200 ms, ~80%; τ2≃1-3 s, ~20%). 9. Mg2+ blocked the NMDA component in a voltage-dependent manner, with a half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 21 μM at -80 mV. At physiological Mg2+ concentrations, block of the NMDA component could be rapidly relieved with voltage jumps from negative to positive potentials. Block of the current upon return to negative potentials occurred almost instantaneously. 10. Zn2+ also selectively-blocked the NMDA receptor-mediated current with an IC50 of 22 μM, but this block differed from that of Mg2+ in that it showed little voltage dependence. Rapid application of Zn2+ together with glutamate produced partial block of the current. More block was observed if Zn2+ and glutamate were co-applied when NMDA receptor channels were already open. 11. The functional properties of dendritic GluRs were similar to those found at the soma. Knowledge of these properties facilitated simulations investigating the contribution of coactivated AMPA and NMDA receptors to synaptic depolarization and Ca2+ entry into dendritic spines. Because of its slow deactivation, the NMDA receptor-mediated current contributes substantially to depolarization and Ca2+ entry and is susceptible to modulation over a period of seconds, either by backpropagating action potentials or by the release of Zn2+ from presynaptic boutons.","lang":"eng"}],"extern":"1","publication":"Journal of Physiology","title":"Dendritic glutamate receptor channels in rat hippocampal CA3 and CA1 pyramidal neurons","publisher":"Wiley-Blackwell","date_created":"2018-12-11T12:03:32Z","oa_version":"Published Version","publist_id":"2909","pmid":1,"day":"15","month":"01","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"intvolume":"       482","main_file_link":[{"url":"https://physoc.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1113/jphysiol.1995.sp020521","open_access":"1"}],"publication_status":"published","author":[{"last_name":"Spruston","first_name":"Nelson","full_name":"Spruston, Nelson"},{"id":"353C1B58-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","full_name":"Jonas, Peter M","last_name":"Jonas","orcid":"0000-0001-5001-4804","first_name":"Peter M"},{"full_name":"Sakmann, Bert","first_name":"Bert","last_name":"Sakmann"}],"date_published":"1995-01-15T00:00:00Z","article_processing_charge":"No","date_updated":"2022-06-28T08:08:40Z","doi":"10.1113/jphysiol.1995.sp020521","quality_controlled":"1"},{"title":"Ca(2+)-permeable AMPA and NMDA receptor channels in basket cells of rat hippocampal dentate gyrus","publication":"Journal of Physiology","publisher":"Wiley-Blackwell","oa_version":"Published Version","date_created":"2018-12-11T12:03:33Z","publist_id":"2908","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"1. Glutamate receptor (GluR) channels were studied in basket cells in the dentate gyrus of rat hippocampal slices. Basket cells were identified by their location, dendritic morphology and high frequency of action potentials generated during sustained current injection. 2. Dual-component currents were activated by fast application of glutamate to outside-out membrane patches isolated from basket cell somata (10 μM glycine, no external Mg2+). The fast component was selectively blocked by 6-cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione (CNQX), the slow component by D-2-amino-5-phosphonopentanoic acid (D-AP5). This suggests that the two components were mediated by α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionate receptor (AMPAR)/kainate receptor and N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) channels, respectively. The mean ratio of the peak current of the NMDAR component to that of the AMPAR/kainate receptor component was 0.22 (1 ms pulses of 10 mM glutamate). 3. The AMPAR/kainate receptor component, which was studied in isolation in the presence of D-AP5, was identified as AMPAR mediated on the basis of the preferential activation by AMPA as compared with kainate, the weak desensitization of kainate-activated currents, the cross-desensitization between AMPA and kainate, and the reduction of desensitization by cyclothiazide. 4. Deactivation of basket cell AMPARs following 1 ms pulses of glutamate occurred with a time constant (τ) of 1.2 ± 0.1 ms (mean ± S.E.M.). During 100 ms glutamate pulses, AMPARs desensitized with a τ of 3.7 ± 0.2 ms. 5. The peak current-voltage (I-V) relation of AMPAR-mediated currents in Na+-rich extracellular solution showed a reversal potential of -4.0 ± 2.6 mV and was characterized by a doubly rectifying shape. The conductance of single AMPAR channels was estimated as 22.6 ± 1.6 pS using non-stationary fluctuation analysis. AMPARs expressed in hippocampal basket cells mere highly Ca2+ permeable (P(Ca)/P(K) = 1.79). 6. NMDARs in hippocampal basket cells were studied in isolation in the presence of CNQX. Deactivation of NMDARs activated by glutamate pulses occurred bi-exponentially with mean τ values of 266 ± 23 ms (76%) and 2620 ± 383 ms (24%). 7. The peak I-V relation of the NMDAR-mediated component in Na+-rich extracellular solution showed a reversal potential of 1.5 ± 0.6 mV and a region of negative slope at negative membrane potentials in the presence of external Mg2+, due to voltage-dependent block by these ions. The conductance of single NMDAR channels in the main open state was 50.2 ± 1.8 pS. NMDARs in hippocampal basket cells were highly permeable to Ca2+ (P(Ca)/P(K) = 6.68). 8. AMPARs in hippocampal basket cells are characterized by about threefold faster kinetics and twentyfold higher Ca2+ permeability than AMPARs in hippocampal granule or pyramidal cells. Simulations show that the Ca2+ influx through basket cell AMPARs is comparable to that through NMDARs at negative membrane potentials with physiological concentrations of Ca2+ and Mg2+. This suggests a dual pathway of synaptically mediated Ca2+ entry into interneurones."}],"extern":"1","page":"383 - 402","volume":485,"type":"journal_article","user_id":"ea97e931-d5af-11eb-85d4-e6957dddbf17","_id":"3479","year":"1995","acknowledgement":"We thank Drs M.Häusser and H.Markram for critically reading the manuscript and M.Kaiser for technical assistance. Supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (SFB-317/B14 grant to P.J. and a Graduiertenkollegstipendium to J.R.P.G.)","oa":1,"status":"public","external_id":{"pmid":["7545230"]},"article_type":"original","issue":"Pt 2","citation":{"short":"D. Koh, J. Geiger, P.M. Jonas, B. Sakmann, Journal of Physiology 485 (1995) 383–402.","ista":"Koh D, Geiger J, Jonas PM, Sakmann B. 1995. Ca(2+)-permeable AMPA and NMDA receptor channels in basket cells of rat hippocampal dentate gyrus. Journal of Physiology. 485(Pt 2), 383–402.","mla":"Koh, Duk, et al. “Ca(2+)-Permeable AMPA and NMDA Receptor Channels in Basket Cells of Rat Hippocampal Dentate Gyrus.” <i>Journal of Physiology</i>, vol. 485, no. Pt 2, Wiley-Blackwell, 1995, pp. 383–402, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1113/jphysiol.1995.sp020737\">10.1113/jphysiol.1995.sp020737</a>.","ama":"Koh D, Geiger J, Jonas PM, Sakmann B. Ca(2+)-permeable AMPA and NMDA receptor channels in basket cells of rat hippocampal dentate gyrus. <i>Journal of Physiology</i>. 1995;485(Pt 2):383-402. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1113/jphysiol.1995.sp020737\">10.1113/jphysiol.1995.sp020737</a>","apa":"Koh, D., Geiger, J., Jonas, P. M., &#38; Sakmann, B. (1995). Ca(2+)-permeable AMPA and NMDA receptor channels in basket cells of rat hippocampal dentate gyrus. <i>Journal of Physiology</i>. Wiley-Blackwell. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1113/jphysiol.1995.sp020737\">https://doi.org/10.1113/jphysiol.1995.sp020737</a>","chicago":"Koh, Duk, Jörg Geiger, Peter M Jonas, and Bert Sakmann. “Ca(2+)-Permeable AMPA and NMDA Receptor Channels in Basket Cells of Rat Hippocampal Dentate Gyrus.” <i>Journal of Physiology</i>. Wiley-Blackwell, 1995. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1113/jphysiol.1995.sp020737\">https://doi.org/10.1113/jphysiol.1995.sp020737</a>.","ieee":"D. Koh, J. Geiger, P. M. Jonas, and B. Sakmann, “Ca(2+)-permeable AMPA and NMDA receptor channels in basket cells of rat hippocampal dentate gyrus,” <i>Journal of Physiology</i>, vol. 485, no. Pt 2. Wiley-Blackwell, pp. 383–402, 1995."},"publication_identifier":{"issn":["0022-3751"]},"author":[{"full_name":"Koh, Duk","first_name":"Duk","last_name":"Koh"},{"last_name":"Geiger","first_name":"Jörg","full_name":"Geiger, Jörg"},{"full_name":"Jonas, Peter M","id":"353C1B58-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","first_name":"Peter M","orcid":"0000-0001-5001-4804","last_name":"Jonas"},{"full_name":"Sakmann, Bert","last_name":"Sakmann","first_name":"Bert"}],"date_published":"1995-06-01T00:00:00Z","date_updated":"2022-06-28T07:54:44Z","doi":"10.1113/jphysiol.1995.sp020737","article_processing_charge":"No","scopus_import":"1","quality_controlled":"1","main_file_link":[{"open_access":"1","url":"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1158000/pdf/jphysiol00319-0104.pdf"}],"intvolume":"       485","publication_status":"published","pmid":1,"day":"01","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"month":"06"},{"date_updated":"2022-06-28T07:47:09Z","doi":"10.1016/0896-6273(95)90076-4","article_processing_charge":"No","date_published":"1995-07-01T00:00:00Z","author":[{"last_name":"Geiger","first_name":"Jörg","full_name":"Geiger, Jörg"},{"full_name":"Melcher, Thorsten","last_name":"Melcher","first_name":"Thorsten"},{"full_name":"Koh, Duk","last_name":"Koh","first_name":"Duk"},{"first_name":"Bert","last_name":"Sakmann","full_name":"Sakmann, Bert"},{"last_name":"Seeburg","first_name":"Peter","full_name":"Seeburg, Peter"},{"full_name":"Jonas, Peter M","id":"353C1B58-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","first_name":"Peter M","last_name":"Jonas","orcid":"0000-0001-5001-4804"},{"full_name":"Monyer, Hannah","last_name":"Monyer","first_name":"Hannah"}],"quality_controlled":"1","scopus_import":"1","publication_status":"published","intvolume":"        15","main_file_link":[{"open_access":"1","url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0896627395900764?via%3Dihub"}],"day":"01","pmid":1,"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"month":"07","publisher":"Elsevier","title":"Relative abundance of subunit mRNAs determines gating and Ca(2+) permeability of AMPA receptors in principal neurons and interneurons in rat CNS","publication":"Neuron","publist_id":"2907","oa_version":"Published Version","date_created":"2018-12-11T12:03:33Z","extern":"1","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"Recording of glutamate-activated currents in membrane patches was combine with RT-PCR-mediated AMPA receptor (AMPAR) subunit mRNA analysis in single identified cells of rat brain slices. Analysis of AMPARs in principal neurons end interneurons of hippocampus and neocortex and in auditory relay neurons and Bergmann glial cells indicates that the GluR-B subunit in its flip version determines formation of receptors with relatively slow gating, whereas the GluR-D subunit promotes assembly of more rapidly gated receptors. The relation between Ca 2+ permeability of AMPAR channels and the relative GluR-B mRNA abundance is consistent with the dominance of this subunit in determining the Ca 2+ permeability of native receptors. The results suggest that differential expression of GluR-B and GluR-D subunit genes, as well as splicing end editing of their mRNAs, account for the differences in gating and Ca 2+ permeability of native AMPAR channels."}],"type":"journal_article","user_id":"ea97e931-d5af-11eb-85d4-e6957dddbf17","page":"193 - 204","volume":15,"year":"1995","_id":"3480","external_id":{"pmid":["7619522"]},"article_type":"original","issue":"1","acknowledgement":"We thank Ulla Amtmann for efficient help with the molecular analysis. We also thank M. Kaiser for technical assistance, Dr. J. G. G. Borst for advice concerning preparation of brainstem slices, and Drs. N. Spruston and G. Stuart for critically reading the manuscript. Funded in part by Bundesministerium für Forschung und Technologie grant BCT 364 AZ 321/7291 (P. H. S.) and by Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaftgrant SFB-3171814(P. J.). J. R. P. G. and T. M. were supported by the graduate program of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology of the University of Heidelberg. The costs of publication of this article were defrayed in part by the payment of page charges. This article must therefore be hereby\r\nmarked “advertisement” in accordance with 18 USC Section 1734 solely to Indicate this fact.","oa":1,"status":"public","publication_identifier":{"issn":["0896-6273"]},"citation":{"short":"J. Geiger, T. Melcher, D. Koh, B. Sakmann, P. Seeburg, P.M. Jonas, H. Monyer, Neuron 15 (1995) 193–204.","ista":"Geiger J, Melcher T, Koh D, Sakmann B, Seeburg P, Jonas PM, Monyer H. 1995. Relative abundance of subunit mRNAs determines gating and Ca(2+) permeability of AMPA receptors in principal neurons and interneurons in rat CNS. Neuron. 15(1), 193–204.","mla":"Geiger, Jörg, et al. “Relative Abundance of Subunit MRNAs Determines Gating and Ca(2+) Permeability of AMPA Receptors in Principal Neurons and Interneurons in Rat CNS.” <i>Neuron</i>, vol. 15, no. 1, Elsevier, 1995, pp. 193–204, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/0896-6273(95)90076-4\">10.1016/0896-6273(95)90076-4</a>.","ama":"Geiger J, Melcher T, Koh D, et al. Relative abundance of subunit mRNAs determines gating and Ca(2+) permeability of AMPA receptors in principal neurons and interneurons in rat CNS. <i>Neuron</i>. 1995;15(1):193-204. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/0896-6273(95)90076-4\">10.1016/0896-6273(95)90076-4</a>","apa":"Geiger, J., Melcher, T., Koh, D., Sakmann, B., Seeburg, P., Jonas, P. M., &#38; Monyer, H. (1995). Relative abundance of subunit mRNAs determines gating and Ca(2+) permeability of AMPA receptors in principal neurons and interneurons in rat CNS. <i>Neuron</i>. Elsevier. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/0896-6273(95)90076-4\">https://doi.org/10.1016/0896-6273(95)90076-4</a>","chicago":"Geiger, Jörg, Thorsten Melcher, Duk Koh, Bert Sakmann, Peter Seeburg, Peter M Jonas, and Hannah Monyer. “Relative Abundance of Subunit MRNAs Determines Gating and Ca(2+) Permeability of AMPA Receptors in Principal Neurons and Interneurons in Rat CNS.” <i>Neuron</i>. Elsevier, 1995. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/0896-6273(95)90076-4\">https://doi.org/10.1016/0896-6273(95)90076-4</a>.","ieee":"J. Geiger <i>et al.</i>, “Relative abundance of subunit mRNAs determines gating and Ca(2+) permeability of AMPA receptors in principal neurons and interneurons in rat CNS,” <i>Neuron</i>, vol. 15, no. 1. Elsevier, pp. 193–204, 1995."}}]