[{"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"_id":"11097","publication_status":"published","external_id":{"pmid":["20300205"]},"user_id":"72615eeb-f1f3-11ec-aa25-d4573ddc34fd","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"The nuclear envelope (NE) is a highly regulated membrane barrier that separates the nucleus from the cytoplasm in eukaryotic cells. It contains a large number of different proteins that have been implicated in chromatin organization and gene regulation. Although the nuclear membrane enables complex levels of gene expression, it also poses a challenge when it comes to cell division. To allow access of the mitotic spindle to chromatin, the nucleus of metazoans must completely disassemble during mitosis, generating the need to re-establish the nuclear compartment at the end of each cell division. Here, I summarize our current understanding of the dynamic remodeling of the NE during the cell cycle."}],"extern":"1","publication_identifier":{"issn":["1943-0264"]},"article_processing_charge":"No","year":"2010","type":"journal_article","scopus_import":"1","doi":"10.1101/cshperspect.a000539","oa_version":"None","pmid":1,"issue":"3","keyword":["General Biochemistry","Genetics and Molecular Biology"],"page":"a000539-a000539","quality_controlled":"1","publisher":"Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory","publication":"Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology","intvolume":"         2","title":"The nuclear envelope","status":"public","author":[{"last_name":"HETZER","orcid":"0000-0002-2111-992X","first_name":"Martin W","full_name":"HETZER, Martin W","id":"86c0d31b-b4eb-11ec-ac5a-eae7b2e135ed"}],"day":"03","citation":{"ieee":"M. Hetzer, “The nuclear envelope,” <i>Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology</i>, vol. 2, no. 3. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, pp. a000539–a000539, 2010.","apa":"Hetzer, M. (2010). The nuclear envelope. <i>Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology</i>. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1101/cshperspect.a000539\">https://doi.org/10.1101/cshperspect.a000539</a>","short":"M. Hetzer, Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology 2 (2010) a000539–a000539.","chicago":"Hetzer, Martin. “The Nuclear Envelope.” <i>Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology</i>. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, 2010. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1101/cshperspect.a000539\">https://doi.org/10.1101/cshperspect.a000539</a>.","mla":"Hetzer, Martin. “The Nuclear Envelope.” <i>Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology</i>, vol. 2, no. 3, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, 2010, pp. a000539–a000539, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1101/cshperspect.a000539\">10.1101/cshperspect.a000539</a>.","ama":"Hetzer M. The nuclear envelope. <i>Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology</i>. 2010;2(3):a000539-a000539. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1101/cshperspect.a000539\">10.1101/cshperspect.a000539</a>","ista":"Hetzer M. 2010. The nuclear envelope. Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology. 2(3), a000539–a000539."},"date_updated":"2022-07-18T08:53:50Z","article_type":"original","volume":2,"date_created":"2022-04-07T07:52:49Z","date_published":"2010-02-03T00:00:00Z","month":"02"},{"citation":{"mla":"Hetzer, Martin. “The Role of the Nuclear Pore Complex in Aging of Post-Mitotic Cells.” <i>Aging</i>, vol. 2, no. 2, Impact Journals, 2010, pp. 74–75, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.18632/aging.100125\">10.18632/aging.100125</a>.","ista":"Hetzer M. 2010. The role of the nuclear pore complex in aging of post-mitotic cells. Aging. 2(2), 74–75.","ama":"Hetzer M. The role of the nuclear pore complex in aging of post-mitotic cells. <i>Aging</i>. 2010;2(2):74-75. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.18632/aging.100125\">10.18632/aging.100125</a>","chicago":"Hetzer, Martin. “The Role of the Nuclear Pore Complex in Aging of Post-Mitotic Cells.” <i>Aging</i>. Impact Journals, 2010. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.18632/aging.100125\">https://doi.org/10.18632/aging.100125</a>.","ieee":"M. Hetzer, “The role of the nuclear pore complex in aging of post-mitotic cells,” <i>Aging</i>, vol. 2, no. 2. Impact Journals, pp. 74–75, 2010.","apa":"Hetzer, M. (2010). The role of the nuclear pore complex in aging of post-mitotic cells. <i>Aging</i>. Impact Journals. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.18632/aging.100125\">https://doi.org/10.18632/aging.100125</a>","short":"M. Hetzer, Aging 2 (2010) 74–75."},"day":"01","date_updated":"2022-07-18T08:54:15Z","date_published":"2010-02-01T00:00:00Z","date_created":"2022-04-07T07:52:58Z","month":"02","article_type":"original","volume":2,"publisher":"Impact Journals","keyword":["Cell Biology","Aging"],"page":"74-75","main_file_link":[{"open_access":"1","url":"https://doi.org/10.18632/aging.100125"}],"quality_controlled":"1","intvolume":"         2","publication":"Aging","issue":"2","oa":1,"author":[{"id":"86c0d31b-b4eb-11ec-ac5a-eae7b2e135ed","full_name":"HETZER, Martin W","last_name":"HETZER","orcid":"0000-0002-2111-992X","first_name":"Martin W"}],"title":"The role of the nuclear pore complex in aging of post-mitotic cells","status":"public","scopus_import":"1","year":"2010","type":"journal_article","oa_version":"Published Version","pmid":1,"doi":"10.18632/aging.100125","external_id":{"pmid":["20354266"]},"user_id":"72615eeb-f1f3-11ec-aa25-d4573ddc34fd","publication_status":"published","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"_id":"11098","publication_identifier":{"issn":["1945-4589"]},"article_processing_charge":"No","extern":"1"},{"scopus_import":"1","type":"journal_article","year":"2010","doi":"10.1007/s00412-010-0289-2","oa_version":"None","pmid":1,"publication_status":"published","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"_id":"11099","external_id":{"pmid":["20721671"]},"user_id":"72615eeb-f1f3-11ec-aa25-d4573ddc34fd","extern":"1","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"Nuclear pore complexes (NPCs) serve as transport channels across the nuclear membrane, a double lipid bilayer that physically separates the nucleoplasm and cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells. New evidence suggests that the multiprotein nuclear pores also play a role in chromatin organization and gene expression. Given the importance of NPC function, it is not surprising that a growing list of human diseases and developmental defects have been linked to its malfunction. In order to fully understand the functional repertoire of NPCs and their essential role for nuclear organization, it is critical to determine the sequence of events that lead to the formation of nuclear pores. This is particularly relevant since NPC number, and possibly composition, are tightly linked to metabolic activity. Most of our knowledge is derived from NPC formation that occurs in dividing cells at the end of mitosis when the nuclear envelope (NE) and NPCs reform from disassembled precursors. However, NPC assembly also takes place during interphase into an intact NE. Importantly, this process is not restricted to dividing cells but also occurs during cell differentiation. Here, we will review aspects unique to this process, namely the regulation of nuclear expansion and the mechanisms of fusion between the outer and inner nuclear membranes. We will then discuss conserved and diverging mechanisms between post-mitotic and interphase assembly of the proteinaceous structure in light of recently published data."}],"publication_identifier":{"eissn":["1432-0886"],"issn":["0009-5915"]},"article_processing_charge":"No","day":"01","citation":{"short":"C.M. Doucet, M. Hetzer, Chromosoma 119 (2010) 469–477.","apa":"Doucet, C. M., &#38; Hetzer, M. (2010). Nuclear pore biogenesis into an intact nuclear envelope. <i>Chromosoma</i>. Springer Nature. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00412-010-0289-2\">https://doi.org/10.1007/s00412-010-0289-2</a>","ieee":"C. M. Doucet and M. Hetzer, “Nuclear pore biogenesis into an intact nuclear envelope,” <i>Chromosoma</i>, vol. 119. Springer Nature, pp. 469–477, 2010.","ista":"Doucet CM, Hetzer M. 2010. Nuclear pore biogenesis into an intact nuclear envelope. Chromosoma. 119, 469–477.","ama":"Doucet CM, Hetzer M. Nuclear pore biogenesis into an intact nuclear envelope. <i>Chromosoma</i>. 2010;119:469-477. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00412-010-0289-2\">10.1007/s00412-010-0289-2</a>","mla":"Doucet, Christine M., and Martin Hetzer. “Nuclear Pore Biogenesis into an Intact Nuclear Envelope.” <i>Chromosoma</i>, vol. 119, Springer Nature, 2010, pp. 469–77, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00412-010-0289-2\">10.1007/s00412-010-0289-2</a>.","chicago":"Doucet, Christine M., and Martin Hetzer. “Nuclear Pore Biogenesis into an Intact Nuclear Envelope.” <i>Chromosoma</i>. Springer Nature, 2010. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00412-010-0289-2\">https://doi.org/10.1007/s00412-010-0289-2</a>."},"date_updated":"2022-07-18T08:54:20Z","article_type":"review","volume":119,"date_published":"2010-10-01T00:00:00Z","date_created":"2022-04-07T07:53:12Z","month":"10","publisher":"Springer Nature","page":"469-477","keyword":["Genetics (clinical)","Genetics"],"quality_controlled":"1","intvolume":"       119","publication":"Chromosoma","title":"Nuclear pore biogenesis into an intact nuclear envelope","status":"public","author":[{"first_name":"Christine M.","last_name":"Doucet","full_name":"Doucet, Christine M."},{"first_name":"Martin W","last_name":"HETZER","orcid":"0000-0002-2111-992X","full_name":"HETZER, Martin W","id":"86c0d31b-b4eb-11ec-ac5a-eae7b2e135ed"}]},{"type":"journal_article","year":"2010","scopus_import":"1","doi":"10.1016/j.cell.2010.04.036","pmid":1,"oa_version":"Published Version","_id":"11101","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"publication_status":"published","user_id":"72615eeb-f1f3-11ec-aa25-d4573ddc34fd","external_id":{"pmid":["20550937"]},"abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"In metazoa, nuclear pore complexes (NPCs) assemble from disassembled precursors into a reforming nuclear envelope (NE) at the end of mitosis and into growing intact NEs during interphase. Here, we show via RNAi-mediated knockdown that ELYS, a nucleoporin critical for the recruitment of the essential Nup107/160 complex to chromatin, is required for NPC assembly at the end of mitosis but not during interphase. Conversely, the transmembrane nucleoporin POM121 is critical for the incorporation of the Nup107/160 complex into new assembly sites specifically during interphase. Strikingly, recruitment of the Nup107/160 complex to an intact NE involves a membrane curvature-sensing domain of its constituent Nup133, which is not required for postmitotic NPC formation. Our results suggest that in organisms with open mitosis, NPCs assemble via two distinct mechanisms to accommodate cell cycle-dependent differences in NE topology."}],"extern":"1","article_processing_charge":"No","publication_identifier":{"issn":["0092-8674"]},"date_updated":"2022-07-18T08:54:52Z","citation":{"ieee":"C. M. Doucet, J. A. Talamas, and M. Hetzer, “Cell cycle-dependent differences in nuclear pore complex assembly in metazoa,” <i>Cell</i>, vol. 141, no. 6. Elsevier, pp. 1030–1041, 2010.","short":"C.M. Doucet, J.A. Talamas, M. Hetzer, Cell 141 (2010) 1030–1041.","apa":"Doucet, C. M., Talamas, J. A., &#38; Hetzer, M. (2010). Cell cycle-dependent differences in nuclear pore complex assembly in metazoa. <i>Cell</i>. Elsevier. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2010.04.036\">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2010.04.036</a>","mla":"Doucet, Christine M., et al. “Cell Cycle-Dependent Differences in Nuclear Pore Complex Assembly in Metazoa.” <i>Cell</i>, vol. 141, no. 6, Elsevier, 2010, pp. 1030–41, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2010.04.036\">10.1016/j.cell.2010.04.036</a>.","ista":"Doucet CM, Talamas JA, Hetzer M. 2010. Cell cycle-dependent differences in nuclear pore complex assembly in metazoa. Cell. 141(6), 1030–1041.","ama":"Doucet CM, Talamas JA, Hetzer M. Cell cycle-dependent differences in nuclear pore complex assembly in metazoa. <i>Cell</i>. 2010;141(6):1030-1041. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2010.04.036\">10.1016/j.cell.2010.04.036</a>","chicago":"Doucet, Christine M., Jessica A. Talamas, and Martin Hetzer. “Cell Cycle-Dependent Differences in Nuclear Pore Complex Assembly in Metazoa.” <i>Cell</i>. Elsevier, 2010. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2010.04.036\">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2010.04.036</a>."},"day":"11","article_type":"original","volume":141,"month":"06","date_published":"2010-06-11T00:00:00Z","date_created":"2022-04-07T07:53:29Z","issue":"6","publication":"Cell","intvolume":"       141","quality_controlled":"1","main_file_link":[{"open_access":"1","url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2010.04.036"}],"page":"1030-1041","keyword":["General Biochemistry","Genetics and Molecular Biology"],"publisher":"Elsevier","status":"public","title":"Cell cycle-dependent differences in nuclear pore complex assembly in metazoa","author":[{"last_name":"Doucet","first_name":"Christine M.","full_name":"Doucet, Christine M."},{"first_name":"Jessica A.","last_name":"Talamas","full_name":"Talamas, Jessica A."},{"first_name":"Martin W","last_name":"HETZER","orcid":"0000-0002-2111-992X","id":"86c0d31b-b4eb-11ec-ac5a-eae7b2e135ed","full_name":"HETZER, Martin W"}],"oa":1},{"date_created":"2022-04-07T07:53:36Z","date_published":"2010-02-05T00:00:00Z","month":"02","article_type":"original","volume":140,"day":"05","citation":{"short":"M. Capelson, Y. Liang, R. Schulte, W. Mair, U. Wagner, M. Hetzer, Cell 140 (2010) 372–383.","apa":"Capelson, M., Liang, Y., Schulte, R., Mair, W., Wagner, U., &#38; Hetzer, M. (2010). Chromatin-bound nuclear pore components regulate gene expression in higher eukaryotes. <i>Cell</i>. Elsevier. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2009.12.054\">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2009.12.054</a>","ieee":"M. Capelson, Y. Liang, R. Schulte, W. Mair, U. Wagner, and M. Hetzer, “Chromatin-bound nuclear pore components regulate gene expression in higher eukaryotes,” <i>Cell</i>, vol. 140, no. 3. Elsevier, pp. 372–383, 2010.","ama":"Capelson M, Liang Y, Schulte R, Mair W, Wagner U, Hetzer M. Chromatin-bound nuclear pore components regulate gene expression in higher eukaryotes. <i>Cell</i>. 2010;140(3):372-383. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2009.12.054\">10.1016/j.cell.2009.12.054</a>","ista":"Capelson M, Liang Y, Schulte R, Mair W, Wagner U, Hetzer M. 2010. Chromatin-bound nuclear pore components regulate gene expression in higher eukaryotes. Cell. 140(3), 372–383.","mla":"Capelson, Maya, et al. “Chromatin-Bound Nuclear Pore Components Regulate Gene Expression in Higher Eukaryotes.” <i>Cell</i>, vol. 140, no. 3, Elsevier, 2010, pp. 372–83, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2009.12.054\">10.1016/j.cell.2009.12.054</a>.","chicago":"Capelson, Maya, Yun Liang, Roberta Schulte, William Mair, Ulrich Wagner, and Martin Hetzer. “Chromatin-Bound Nuclear Pore Components Regulate Gene Expression in Higher Eukaryotes.” <i>Cell</i>. Elsevier, 2010. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2009.12.054\">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2009.12.054</a>."},"date_updated":"2022-07-18T08:55:03Z","oa":1,"author":[{"last_name":"Capelson","first_name":"Maya","full_name":"Capelson, Maya"},{"full_name":"Liang, Yun","first_name":"Yun","last_name":"Liang"},{"last_name":"Schulte","first_name":"Roberta","full_name":"Schulte, Roberta"},{"first_name":"William","last_name":"Mair","full_name":"Mair, William"},{"full_name":"Wagner, Ulrich","last_name":"Wagner","first_name":"Ulrich"},{"orcid":"0000-0002-2111-992X","last_name":"HETZER","first_name":"Martin W","id":"86c0d31b-b4eb-11ec-ac5a-eae7b2e135ed","full_name":"HETZER, Martin W"}],"title":"Chromatin-bound nuclear pore components regulate gene expression in higher eukaryotes","status":"public","page":"372-383","quality_controlled":"1","main_file_link":[{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2009.12.054","open_access":"1"}],"keyword":["General Biochemistry","Genetics and Molecular Biology"],"publisher":"Elsevier","publication":"Cell","intvolume":"       140","issue":"3","oa_version":"Published Version","pmid":1,"doi":"10.1016/j.cell.2009.12.054","year":"2010","type":"journal_article","scopus_import":"1","publication_identifier":{"issn":["0092-8674"]},"article_processing_charge":"No","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"Nuclear pore complexes have recently been shown to play roles in gene activation; however their potential involvement in metazoan transcription remains unclear. Here we show that the nucleoporins Sec13, Nup98, and Nup88, as well as a group of FG-repeat nucleoporins, bind to the Drosophila genome at functionally distinct loci that often do not represent nuclear envelope contact sites. Whereas Nup88 localizes to silent loci, Sec13, Nup98, and a subset of FG-repeat nucleoporins bind to developmentally regulated genes undergoing transcription induction. Strikingly, RNAi-mediated knockdown of intranuclear Sec13 and Nup98 specifically inhibits transcription of their target genes and prevents efficient reactivation of transcription after heat shock, suggesting an essential role of NPC components in regulating complex gene expression programs of multicellular organisms."}],"extern":"1","external_id":{"pmid":["20144761"]},"user_id":"72615eeb-f1f3-11ec-aa25-d4573ddc34fd","_id":"11102","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"publication_status":"published"},{"type":"conference","year":"2010","scopus_import":"1","conference":{"name":"ICSD: International Conference on Solid Dielectrics","start_date":"2010-06-04","location":"Potsdam, Germany","end_date":"2010-06-09"},"related_material":{"record":[{"status":"public","id":"11754","relation":"earlier_version"}]},"citation":{"mla":"Lang, S. B., et al. “Specific Heat of a Ferroelectric PZT Ceramic at the Morphotropic Phase Boundary.” <i>Proceedings of the 2010 IEEE International Conference on Solid Dielectrics</i>, 5568033, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, 2010, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1109/icsd.2010.5568033\">10.1109/icsd.2010.5568033</a>.","ama":"Lang SB, Lashley JC, Modic KA, Fisher RA, Zhu WM, Ye ZG. Specific heat of a ferroelectric PZT ceramic at the morphotropic phase boundary. In: <i>Proceedings of the 2010 IEEE International Conference on Solid Dielectrics</i>. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers; 2010. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1109/icsd.2010.5568033\">10.1109/icsd.2010.5568033</a>","ista":"Lang SB, Lashley JC, Modic KA, Fisher RA, Zhu WM, Ye ZG. 2010. Specific heat of a ferroelectric PZT ceramic at the morphotropic phase boundary. Proceedings of the 2010 IEEE International Conference on Solid Dielectrics. ICSD: International Conference on Solid Dielectrics, 5568033.","chicago":"Lang, S. B., J. C. Lashley, Kimberly A Modic, R. A. Fisher, W. M. Zhu, and Z. G. Ye. “Specific Heat of a Ferroelectric PZT Ceramic at the Morphotropic Phase Boundary.” In <i>Proceedings of the 2010 IEEE International Conference on Solid Dielectrics</i>. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, 2010. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1109/icsd.2010.5568033\">https://doi.org/10.1109/icsd.2010.5568033</a>.","ieee":"S. B. Lang, J. C. Lashley, K. A. Modic, R. A. Fisher, W. M. Zhu, and Z. G. Ye, “Specific heat of a ferroelectric PZT ceramic at the morphotropic phase boundary,” in <i>Proceedings of the 2010 IEEE International Conference on Solid Dielectrics</i>, Potsdam, Germany, 2010.","short":"S.B. Lang, J.C. Lashley, K.A. Modic, R.A. Fisher, W.M. Zhu, Z.G. Ye, in:, Proceedings of the 2010 IEEE International Conference on Solid Dielectrics, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, 2010.","apa":"Lang, S. B., Lashley, J. C., Modic, K. A., Fisher, R. A., Zhu, W. M., &#38; Ye, Z. G. (2010). Specific heat of a ferroelectric PZT ceramic at the morphotropic phase boundary. In <i>Proceedings of the 2010 IEEE International Conference on Solid Dielectrics</i>. Potsdam, Germany: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1109/icsd.2010.5568033\">https://doi.org/10.1109/icsd.2010.5568033</a>"},"day":"01","date_updated":"2023-02-21T16:26:58Z","doi":"10.1109/icsd.2010.5568033","date_published":"2010-06-01T00:00:00Z","date_created":"2022-08-08T09:00:17Z","oa_version":"None","month":"06","_id":"11753","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"publication_status":"published","quality_controlled":"1","publisher":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","publication":"Proceedings of the 2010 IEEE International Conference on Solid Dielectrics","user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","title":"Specific heat of a ferroelectric PZT ceramic at the morphotropic phase boundary","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"Ferroelectric ceramic materials have a wide range of applications because of their piezoelectric and pyroelectric properties. One of their most important physical properties is the specific heat. In this study, the specific heats of a series of lead-zirconate-titanate (PZT) compositions in the vicinity of the morphotropic phase boundary (MPB) were measured. The temperature range was from 1.8 to 300 K. It is believed that these are the lowest temperature measurements ever made on PZT. Differences between the specific heats of the different compositions were very small. However, the calculated Debye temperatures were slightly different. The results are useful in computing design parameters for technical devices."}],"extern":"1","article_number":"5568033","status":"public","publication_identifier":{"issn":["1553-5282"],"eissn":["2159-1687"]},"author":[{"full_name":"Lang, S. B.","last_name":"Lang","first_name":"S. B."},{"full_name":"Lashley, J. C.","first_name":"J. C.","last_name":"Lashley"},{"orcid":"0000-0001-9760-3147","last_name":"Modic","first_name":"Kimberly A","id":"13C26AC0-EB69-11E9-87C6-5F3BE6697425","full_name":"Modic, Kimberly A"},{"first_name":"R. A.","last_name":"Fisher","full_name":"Fisher, R. A."},{"first_name":"W. M.","last_name":"Zhu","full_name":"Zhu, W. M."},{"last_name":"Ye","first_name":"Z. G.","full_name":"Ye, Z. G."}],"article_processing_charge":"No"},{"year":"2010","type":"conference","scopus_import":"1","conference":{"end_date":"2010-04-28","location":"Valletta, Malta","start_date":"2010-04-26","name":"MELECON: Mediterranean Electrotechnical Conference"},"related_material":{"record":[{"relation":"later_version","id":"11753","status":"public"}]},"day":"26","citation":{"apa":"Lang, S. B., Lashley, J. C., Modic, K. A., Fisher, R. A., Zhu, W. M., &#38; Ye, Z. G. (2010). Specific heat of a ferroelectric PZT ceramic at the morphotropic phase boundary. In <i>15th IEEE Mediterranean Electrotechnical Conference</i>. Valletta, Malta: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1109/melcon.2010.5476345\">https://doi.org/10.1109/melcon.2010.5476345</a>","short":"S.B. Lang, J.C. Lashley, K.A. Modic, R.A. Fisher, W.M. Zhu, Z.G. Ye, in:, 15th IEEE Mediterranean Electrotechnical Conference, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, 2010.","ieee":"S. B. Lang, J. C. Lashley, K. A. Modic, R. A. Fisher, W. M. Zhu, and Z. G. Ye, “Specific heat of a ferroelectric PZT ceramic at the morphotropic phase boundary,” in <i>15th IEEE Mediterranean Electrotechnical Conference</i>, Valletta, Malta, 2010.","ama":"Lang SB, Lashley JC, Modic KA, Fisher RA, Zhu WM, Ye ZG. Specific heat of a ferroelectric PZT ceramic at the morphotropic phase boundary. In: <i>15th IEEE Mediterranean Electrotechnical Conference</i>. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers; 2010. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1109/melcon.2010.5476345\">10.1109/melcon.2010.5476345</a>","ista":"Lang SB, Lashley JC, Modic KA, Fisher RA, Zhu WM, Ye ZG. 2010. Specific heat of a ferroelectric PZT ceramic at the morphotropic phase boundary. 15th IEEE Mediterranean Electrotechnical Conference. MELECON: Mediterranean Electrotechnical Conference, 5476345.","mla":"Lang, S. B., et al. “Specific Heat of a Ferroelectric PZT Ceramic at the Morphotropic Phase Boundary.” <i>15th IEEE Mediterranean Electrotechnical Conference</i>, 5476345, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, 2010, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1109/melcon.2010.5476345\">10.1109/melcon.2010.5476345</a>.","chicago":"Lang, S.B., J.C. Lashley, Kimberly A Modic, R.A. Fisher, W.M. Zhu, and Z.G. Ye. “Specific Heat of a Ferroelectric PZT Ceramic at the Morphotropic Phase Boundary.” In <i>15th IEEE Mediterranean Electrotechnical Conference</i>. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, 2010. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1109/melcon.2010.5476345\">https://doi.org/10.1109/melcon.2010.5476345</a>."},"date_updated":"2023-02-21T16:26:55Z","doi":"10.1109/melcon.2010.5476345","date_created":"2022-08-08T09:11:43Z","date_published":"2010-04-26T00:00:00Z","oa_version":"None","month":"04","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"_id":"11754","publication_status":"published","quality_controlled":"1","publisher":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","publication":"15th IEEE Mediterranean Electrotechnical Conference","user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","title":"Specific heat of a ferroelectric PZT ceramic at the morphotropic phase boundary","abstract":[{"text":"Ferroelectric ceramic materials have a wide range of applications because of their piezoelectric and pyroelectric properties. One of their most important physical properties is the specific heat. In this study, the specific heats of a series of lead-zirconate-titanate (PZT) compositions in the vicinity of the morphotropic phase boundary (MPB) were measured. The temperature range was from 1.8 to 300 K. It is believed that these are the lowest temperature measurements ever made on PZT. Differences between the specific heats of the different compositions were very small. However, the calculated Debye temperatures were slightly different. The results are useful in computing design parameters for technical devices.","lang":"eng"}],"extern":"1","article_number":"5476345","status":"public","publication_identifier":{"isbn":["978-142445795-3"]},"author":[{"first_name":"S.B.","last_name":"Lang","full_name":"Lang, S.B."},{"last_name":"Lashley","first_name":"J.C.","full_name":"Lashley, J.C."},{"full_name":"Modic, Kimberly A","id":"13C26AC0-EB69-11E9-87C6-5F3BE6697425","orcid":"0000-0001-9760-3147","last_name":"Modic","first_name":"Kimberly A"},{"full_name":"Fisher, R.A.","last_name":"Fisher","first_name":"R.A."},{"last_name":"Zhu","first_name":"W.M.","full_name":"Zhu, W.M."},{"full_name":"Ye, Z.G.","last_name":"Ye","first_name":"Z.G."}],"article_processing_charge":"No"},{"title":"Quantitative analysis of protein backbone dynamics in microcrystalline ubiquitin by solid-state NMR spectroscopy","abstract":[{"text":"Characterization of protein dynamics by solid-state NMR spectroscopy requires robust and accurate measurement protocols, which are not yet fully developed. In this study, we investigate the backbone dynamics of microcrystalline ubiquitin using different approaches. A rotational-echo double-resonance type (REDOR-type) methodology allows one to accurately measure 1H−15N order parameters in highly deuterated samples. We show that the systematic errors in the REDOR experiment are as low as 1% or even less, giving access to accurate data for the amplitudes of backbone mobility. Combining such dipolar-coupling-derived order parameters with autocorrelated and cross-correlated 15N relaxation rates, we are able to quantitate amplitudes and correlation times of backbone dynamics on picosecond and nanosecond time scales in a residue-resolved manner. While the mobility on picosecond time scales appears to have rather uniform amplitude throughout the protein, we unambiguously identify and quantitate nanosecond mobility with order parameters S2 as low as 0.8 in some regions of the protein, where nanosecond dynamics has also been revealed in solution state. The methodology used here, a combination of accurate dipolar-coupling measurements and different relaxation parameters, yields details about dynamics on different time scales and can be applied to solid protein samples such as amyloid fibrils or membrane proteins.","lang":"eng"}],"extern":"1","status":"public","publication_identifier":{"issn":["0002-7863","1520-5126"]},"author":[{"orcid":"0000-0002-9350-7606","last_name":"Schanda","first_name":"Paul","id":"7B541462-FAF6-11E9-A490-E8DFE5697425","full_name":"Schanda, Paul"},{"full_name":"Meier, Beat H.","last_name":"Meier","first_name":"Beat H."},{"last_name":"Ernst","first_name":"Matthias","full_name":"Ernst, Matthias"}],"article_processing_charge":"No","issue":"45","_id":"8472","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"publication_status":"published","quality_controlled":"1","page":"15957-15967","publisher":"American Chemical Society","publication":"Journal of the American Chemical Society","intvolume":"       132","user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","doi":"10.1021/ja100726a","article_type":"original","volume":132,"date_published":"2010-10-26T00:00:00Z","date_created":"2020-09-18T10:11:13Z","oa_version":"None","month":"10","type":"journal_article","year":"2010","citation":{"apa":"Schanda, P., Meier, B. H., &#38; Ernst, M. (2010). Quantitative analysis of protein backbone dynamics in microcrystalline ubiquitin by solid-state NMR spectroscopy. <i>Journal of the American Chemical Society</i>. American Chemical Society. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1021/ja100726a\">https://doi.org/10.1021/ja100726a</a>","short":"P. Schanda, B.H. Meier, M. Ernst, Journal of the American Chemical Society 132 (2010) 15957–15967.","ieee":"P. Schanda, B. H. Meier, and M. Ernst, “Quantitative analysis of protein backbone dynamics in microcrystalline ubiquitin by solid-state NMR spectroscopy,” <i>Journal of the American Chemical Society</i>, vol. 132, no. 45. American Chemical Society, pp. 15957–15967, 2010.","chicago":"Schanda, Paul, Beat H. Meier, and Matthias Ernst. “Quantitative Analysis of Protein Backbone Dynamics in Microcrystalline Ubiquitin by Solid-State NMR Spectroscopy.” <i>Journal of the American Chemical Society</i>. American Chemical Society, 2010. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1021/ja100726a\">https://doi.org/10.1021/ja100726a</a>.","ista":"Schanda P, Meier BH, Ernst M. 2010. Quantitative analysis of protein backbone dynamics in microcrystalline ubiquitin by solid-state NMR spectroscopy. Journal of the American Chemical Society. 132(45), 15957–15967.","ama":"Schanda P, Meier BH, Ernst M. Quantitative analysis of protein backbone dynamics in microcrystalline ubiquitin by solid-state NMR spectroscopy. <i>Journal of the American Chemical Society</i>. 2010;132(45):15957-15967. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1021/ja100726a\">10.1021/ja100726a</a>","mla":"Schanda, Paul, et al. “Quantitative Analysis of Protein Backbone Dynamics in Microcrystalline Ubiquitin by Solid-State NMR Spectroscopy.” <i>Journal of the American Chemical Society</i>, vol. 132, no. 45, American Chemical Society, 2010, pp. 15957–67, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1021/ja100726a\">10.1021/ja100726a</a>."},"day":"26","date_updated":"2021-01-12T08:19:30Z"},{"issue":"8","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"_id":"8473","publication_status":"published","quality_controlled":"1","keyword":["Cell Biology","Biochemistry","Molecular Biology"],"page":"5827-5835","publisher":"American Society for Biochemistry & Molecular Biology","publication":"Journal of Biological Chemistry","user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","intvolume":"       285","title":"Native-unlike long-lived intermediates along the folding pathway of the amyloidogenic protein β2-Microglobulin revealed by real-time two-dimensional NMR","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"β2-microglobulin (β2m), the light chain of class I major histocompatibility complex, is responsible for the dialysis-related amyloidosis and, in patients undergoing long term dialysis, the full-length and chemically unmodified β2m converts into amyloid fibrils. The protein, belonging to the immunoglobulin superfamily, in common to other members of this family, experiences during its folding a long-lived intermediate associated to the trans-to-cis isomerization of Pro-32 that has been addressed as the precursor of the amyloid fibril formation. In this respect, previous studies on the W60G β2m mutant, showing that the lack of Trp-60 prevents fibril formation in mild aggregating condition, prompted us to reinvestigate the refolding kinetics of wild type and W60G β2m at atomic resolution by real-time NMR. The analysis, conducted at ambient temperature by the band selective flip angle short transient real-time two-dimensional NMR techniques and probing the β2m states every 15 s, revealed a more complex folding energy landscape than previously reported for wild type β2m, involving more than a single intermediate species, and shedding new light into the fibrillogenic pathway. Moreover, a significant difference in the kinetic scheme previously characterized by optical spectroscopic methods was discovered for the W60G β2m mutant."}],"extern":"1","status":"public","publication_identifier":{"issn":["0021-9258","1083-351X"]},"article_processing_charge":"No","author":[{"first_name":"Alessandra","last_name":"Corazza","full_name":"Corazza, Alessandra"},{"last_name":"Rennella","first_name":"Enrico","full_name":"Rennella, Enrico"},{"last_name":"Schanda","orcid":"0000-0002-9350-7606","first_name":"Paul","id":"7B541462-FAF6-11E9-A490-E8DFE5697425","full_name":"Schanda, Paul"},{"full_name":"Mimmi, Maria Chiara","last_name":"Mimmi","first_name":"Maria Chiara"},{"full_name":"Cutuil, Thomas","first_name":"Thomas","last_name":"Cutuil"},{"full_name":"Raimondi, Sara","last_name":"Raimondi","first_name":"Sara"},{"last_name":"Giorgetti","first_name":"Sofia","full_name":"Giorgetti, Sofia"},{"full_name":"Fogolari, Federico","last_name":"Fogolari","first_name":"Federico"},{"first_name":"Paolo","last_name":"Viglino","full_name":"Viglino, Paolo"},{"full_name":"Frydman, Lucio","last_name":"Frydman","first_name":"Lucio"},{"first_name":"Maayan","last_name":"Gal","full_name":"Gal, Maayan"},{"full_name":"Bellotti, Vittorio","first_name":"Vittorio","last_name":"Bellotti"},{"first_name":"Bernhard","last_name":"Brutscher","full_name":"Brutscher, Bernhard"},{"first_name":"Gennaro","last_name":"Esposito","full_name":"Esposito, Gennaro"}],"type":"journal_article","year":"2010","citation":{"short":"A. Corazza, E. Rennella, P. Schanda, M.C. Mimmi, T. Cutuil, S. Raimondi, S. Giorgetti, F. Fogolari, P. Viglino, L. Frydman, M. Gal, V. Bellotti, B. Brutscher, G. Esposito, Journal of Biological Chemistry 285 (2010) 5827–5835.","apa":"Corazza, A., Rennella, E., Schanda, P., Mimmi, M. C., Cutuil, T., Raimondi, S., … Esposito, G. (2010). Native-unlike long-lived intermediates along the folding pathway of the amyloidogenic protein β2-Microglobulin revealed by real-time two-dimensional NMR. <i>Journal of Biological Chemistry</i>. American Society for Biochemistry &#38; Molecular Biology. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.m109.061168\">https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.m109.061168</a>","ieee":"A. Corazza <i>et al.</i>, “Native-unlike long-lived intermediates along the folding pathway of the amyloidogenic protein β2-Microglobulin revealed by real-time two-dimensional NMR,” <i>Journal of Biological Chemistry</i>, vol. 285, no. 8. American Society for Biochemistry &#38; Molecular Biology, pp. 5827–5835, 2010.","chicago":"Corazza, Alessandra, Enrico Rennella, Paul Schanda, Maria Chiara Mimmi, Thomas Cutuil, Sara Raimondi, Sofia Giorgetti, et al. “Native-Unlike Long-Lived Intermediates along the Folding Pathway of the Amyloidogenic Protein Β2-Microglobulin Revealed by Real-Time Two-Dimensional NMR.” <i>Journal of Biological Chemistry</i>. American Society for Biochemistry &#38; Molecular Biology, 2010. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.m109.061168\">https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.m109.061168</a>.","ista":"Corazza A, Rennella E, Schanda P, Mimmi MC, Cutuil T, Raimondi S, Giorgetti S, Fogolari F, Viglino P, Frydman L, Gal M, Bellotti V, Brutscher B, Esposito G. 2010. Native-unlike long-lived intermediates along the folding pathway of the amyloidogenic protein β2-Microglobulin revealed by real-time two-dimensional NMR. Journal of Biological Chemistry. 285(8), 5827–5835.","ama":"Corazza A, Rennella E, Schanda P, et al. Native-unlike long-lived intermediates along the folding pathway of the amyloidogenic protein β2-Microglobulin revealed by real-time two-dimensional NMR. <i>Journal of Biological Chemistry</i>. 2010;285(8):5827-5835. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.m109.061168\">10.1074/jbc.m109.061168</a>","mla":"Corazza, Alessandra, et al. “Native-Unlike Long-Lived Intermediates along the Folding Pathway of the Amyloidogenic Protein Β2-Microglobulin Revealed by Real-Time Two-Dimensional NMR.” <i>Journal of Biological Chemistry</i>, vol. 285, no. 8, American Society for Biochemistry &#38; Molecular Biology, 2010, pp. 5827–35, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.m109.061168\">10.1074/jbc.m109.061168</a>."},"day":"19","date_updated":"2021-01-12T08:19:31Z","doi":"10.1074/jbc.m109.061168","volume":285,"article_type":"original","date_created":"2020-09-18T10:11:23Z","date_published":"2010-02-19T00:00:00Z","oa_version":"None","month":"02"},{"publication":"Handbook of Dynamical Systems","user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","intvolume":"         3","quality_controlled":"1","page":"43-87","publisher":"Elsevier","_id":"8506","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"publication_status":"published","article_processing_charge":"No","author":[{"last_name":"Hunt","first_name":"Brian R.","full_name":"Hunt, Brian R."},{"full_name":"Kaloshin, Vadim","id":"FE553552-CDE8-11E9-B324-C0EBE5697425","last_name":"Kaloshin","orcid":"0000-0002-6051-2628","first_name":"Vadim"}],"publication_identifier":{"isbn":["9780444531414"],"issn":["1874-575X"]},"status":"public","title":"Prevalence","extern":"1","date_updated":"2021-01-12T08:19:45Z","citation":{"mla":"Hunt, Brian R., and Vadim Kaloshin. “Prevalence.” <i>Handbook of Dynamical Systems</i>, vol. 3, Elsevier, 2010, pp. 43–87, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/s1874-575x(10)00310-3\">10.1016/s1874-575x(10)00310-3</a>.","ista":"Hunt BR, Kaloshin V. 2010.Prevalence. In: Handbook of Dynamical Systems. vol. 3, 43–87.","ama":"Hunt BR, Kaloshin V. Prevalence. In: <i>Handbook of Dynamical Systems</i>. Vol 3. Elsevier; 2010:43-87. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/s1874-575x(10)00310-3\">10.1016/s1874-575x(10)00310-3</a>","chicago":"Hunt, Brian R., and Vadim Kaloshin. “Prevalence.” In <i>Handbook of Dynamical Systems</i>, 3:43–87. Elsevier, 2010. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/s1874-575x(10)00310-3\">https://doi.org/10.1016/s1874-575x(10)00310-3</a>.","ieee":"B. R. Hunt and V. Kaloshin, “Prevalence,” in <i>Handbook of Dynamical Systems</i>, vol. 3, Elsevier, 2010, pp. 43–87.","short":"B.R. Hunt, V. Kaloshin, in:, Handbook of Dynamical Systems, Elsevier, 2010, pp. 43–87.","apa":"Hunt, B. R., &#38; Kaloshin, V. (2010). Prevalence. In <i>Handbook of Dynamical Systems</i> (Vol. 3, pp. 43–87). Elsevier. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/s1874-575x(10)00310-3\">https://doi.org/10.1016/s1874-575x(10)00310-3</a>"},"day":"01","year":"2010","type":"book_chapter","month":"01","date_published":"2010-01-01T00:00:00Z","date_created":"2020-09-18T10:47:48Z","oa_version":"None","doi":"10.1016/s1874-575x(10)00310-3","volume":3},{"doi":"10.1142/9789814304634_0017","month":"03","date_published":"2010-03-01T00:00:00Z","date_created":"2020-09-18T10:47:56Z","oa_version":"None","conference":{"name":"International Congress on Mathematical Physics","location":"Prague, Czech Republic","start_date":"2009-08-03","end_date":"2009-08-08"},"type":"conference","year":"2010","date_updated":"2021-01-12T08:19:46Z","day":"01","citation":{"apa":"Kaloshin, V., ZHANG, K., &#38; ZHENG, Y. (2010). Almost dense orbit on energy surface. In <i>XVIth International Congress on Mathematical Physics</i> (pp. 314–322). Prague, Czech Republic: World Scientific. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1142/9789814304634_0017\">https://doi.org/10.1142/9789814304634_0017</a>","short":"V. Kaloshin, K. ZHANG, Y. ZHENG, in:, XVIth International Congress on Mathematical Physics, World Scientific, 2010, pp. 314–322.","ieee":"V. Kaloshin, K. ZHANG, and Y. ZHENG, “Almost dense orbit on energy surface,” in <i>XVIth International Congress on Mathematical Physics</i>, Prague, Czech Republic, 2010, pp. 314–322.","ama":"Kaloshin V, ZHANG K, ZHENG Y. Almost dense orbit on energy surface. In: <i>XVIth International Congress on Mathematical Physics</i>. World Scientific; 2010:314-322. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1142/9789814304634_0017\">10.1142/9789814304634_0017</a>","ista":"Kaloshin V, ZHANG K, ZHENG Y. 2010. Almost dense orbit on energy surface. XVIth International Congress on Mathematical Physics. International Congress on Mathematical Physics, 314–322.","mla":"Kaloshin, Vadim, et al. “Almost Dense Orbit on Energy Surface.” <i>XVIth International Congress on Mathematical Physics</i>, World Scientific, 2010, pp. 314–22, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1142/9789814304634_0017\">10.1142/9789814304634_0017</a>.","chicago":"Kaloshin, Vadim, KE ZHANG, and YONG ZHENG. “Almost Dense Orbit on Energy Surface.” In <i>XVIth International Congress on Mathematical Physics</i>, 314–22. World Scientific, 2010. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1142/9789814304634_0017\">https://doi.org/10.1142/9789814304634_0017</a>."},"status":"public","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"We study a Cr nearly integrable Hamiltonian system  defined on 𝕋3 × ℝ3. Let  and µΣ1 be the restriction of Lebesgue measure on 𝕋3 × ℝ3 to ∑. We prove there is a perturbation ,  and an orbit (q(t), p(t)): ℝ → 𝕋3 × ℝ3 of the Hamiltonian equation  such that ."}],"title":"Almost dense orbit on energy surface","extern":"1","article_processing_charge":"No","author":[{"id":"FE553552-CDE8-11E9-B324-C0EBE5697425","full_name":"Kaloshin, Vadim","first_name":"Vadim","last_name":"Kaloshin","orcid":"0000-0002-6051-2628"},{"full_name":"ZHANG, KE","last_name":"ZHANG","first_name":"KE"},{"first_name":"YONG","last_name":"ZHENG","full_name":"ZHENG, YONG"}],"publication_identifier":{"isbn":["9789814304627","9789814304634"]},"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"_id":"8507","publication_status":"published","publication":"XVIth International Congress on Mathematical Physics","user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","page":"314-322","quality_controlled":"1","publisher":"World Scientific"},{"publisher":"Nature Publishing Group","quality_controlled":0,"page":"922 - 926","intvolume":"       465","publication":"Nature","issue":"7300","publication_status":"published","_id":"857","acknowledgement":"We thank E. Koonin, Y. Wolf, A. Lobkovsky, D. Petrov, D. Ivankov, J. Sharpe, B. Lehner, Y. Jaeger, P. Vlasov, M. Ptitsyn and M. Roytberg for discussions and A. Kondrashov for extensive feedback on our manuscript. We thank D. Tawfik for inspiring us to start the investigation of the functional limits in sequence space.\n","author":[{"full_name":"Povolotskaya, Inna","last_name":"Povolotskaya","first_name":"Inna"},{"first_name":"Fyodor","orcid":"0000-0001-8243-4694","last_name":"Kondrashov","id":"44FDEF62-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","full_name":"Fyodor Kondrashov"}],"extern":1,"abstract":[{"text":"The need to maintain the structural and functional integrity of an evolving protein severely restricts the repertoire of acceptable amino-acid substitutions. However, it is not known whether these restrictions impose a global limit on how far homologous protein sequences can diverge from each other. Here we explore the limits of protein evolution using sequence divergence data. We formulate a computational approach to study the rate of divergence of distant protein sequences and measure this rate for ancient proteins, those that were present in the last universal common ancestor. We show that ancient proteins are still diverging from each other, indicating an ongoing expansion of the protein sequence universe. The slow rate of this divergence is imposed by the sparseness of functional protein sequences in sequence space and the ruggedness of the protein fitness landscape: 98 per cent of sites cannot accept an amino-acid substitution at any given moment but a vast majority of all sites may eventually be permitted to evolve when other, compensatory, changes occur. Thus, 3.5 × 10 9 yr has not been enough to reach the limit of divergent evolution of proteins, and for most proteins the limit of sequence similarity imposed by common function may not exceed that of random sequences.","lang":"eng"}],"title":"Sequence space and the ongoing expansion of the protein universe","status":"public","citation":{"ieee":"I. Povolotskaya and F. Kondrashov, “Sequence space and the ongoing expansion of the protein universe,” <i>Nature</i>, vol. 465, no. 7300. Nature Publishing Group, pp. 922–926, 2010.","short":"I. Povolotskaya, F. Kondrashov, Nature 465 (2010) 922–926.","apa":"Povolotskaya, I., &#38; Kondrashov, F. (2010). Sequence space and the ongoing expansion of the protein universe. <i>Nature</i>. Nature Publishing Group. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/nature09105\">https://doi.org/10.1038/nature09105</a>","mla":"Povolotskaya, Inna, and Fyodor Kondrashov. “Sequence Space and the Ongoing Expansion of the Protein Universe.” <i>Nature</i>, vol. 465, no. 7300, Nature Publishing Group, 2010, pp. 922–26, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/nature09105\">10.1038/nature09105</a>.","ista":"Povolotskaya I, Kondrashov F. 2010. Sequence space and the ongoing expansion of the protein universe. Nature. 465(7300), 922–926.","ama":"Povolotskaya I, Kondrashov F. Sequence space and the ongoing expansion of the protein universe. <i>Nature</i>. 2010;465(7300):922-926. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/nature09105\">10.1038/nature09105</a>","chicago":"Povolotskaya, Inna, and Fyodor Kondrashov. “Sequence Space and the Ongoing Expansion of the Protein Universe.” <i>Nature</i>. Nature Publishing Group, 2010. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/nature09105\">https://doi.org/10.1038/nature09105</a>."},"day":"17","date_updated":"2021-01-12T08:20:05Z","type":"journal_article","year":"2010","date_published":"2010-06-17T00:00:00Z","date_created":"2018-12-11T11:48:52Z","month":"06","volume":465,"publist_id":"6791","doi":"10.1038/nature09105"},{"month":"03","date_published":"2010-03-11T00:00:00Z","date_created":"2018-12-11T11:48:54Z","volume":464,"publist_id":"6784","doi":"10.1038/nature08691","date_updated":"2021-01-12T08:20:20Z","day":"11","citation":{"chicago":"Meer, Margarita, Alexey Kondrashov, Yael Artzy Randrup, and Fyodor Kondrashov. “Compensatory Evolution in Mitochondrial TRNAs Navigates Valleys of Low Fitness.” <i>Nature</i>. Nature Publishing Group, 2010. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/nature08691\">https://doi.org/10.1038/nature08691</a>.","ama":"Meer M, Kondrashov A, Artzy Randrup Y, Kondrashov F. Compensatory evolution in mitochondrial tRNAs navigates valleys of low fitness. <i>Nature</i>. 2010;464(7286):279-282. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/nature08691\">10.1038/nature08691</a>","ista":"Meer M, Kondrashov A, Artzy Randrup Y, Kondrashov F. 2010. Compensatory evolution in mitochondrial tRNAs navigates valleys of low fitness. Nature. 464(7286), 279–282.","mla":"Meer, Margarita, et al. “Compensatory Evolution in Mitochondrial TRNAs Navigates Valleys of Low Fitness.” <i>Nature</i>, vol. 464, no. 7286, Nature Publishing Group, 2010, pp. 279–82, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/nature08691\">10.1038/nature08691</a>.","short":"M. Meer, A. Kondrashov, Y. Artzy Randrup, F. Kondrashov, Nature 464 (2010) 279–282.","apa":"Meer, M., Kondrashov, A., Artzy Randrup, Y., &#38; Kondrashov, F. (2010). Compensatory evolution in mitochondrial tRNAs navigates valleys of low fitness. <i>Nature</i>. Nature Publishing Group. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/nature08691\">https://doi.org/10.1038/nature08691</a>","ieee":"M. Meer, A. Kondrashov, Y. Artzy Randrup, and F. Kondrashov, “Compensatory evolution in mitochondrial tRNAs navigates valleys of low fitness,” <i>Nature</i>, vol. 464, no. 7286. Nature Publishing Group, pp. 279–282, 2010."},"year":"2010","type":"journal_article","author":[{"full_name":"Meer, Margarita V","last_name":"Meer","first_name":"Margarita"},{"first_name":"Alexey","last_name":"Kondrashov","full_name":"Kondrashov, Alexey S"},{"full_name":"Artzy-Randrup, Yael","last_name":"Artzy Randrup","first_name":"Yael"},{"full_name":"Fyodor Kondrashov","id":"44FDEF62-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","orcid":"0000-0001-8243-4694","last_name":"Kondrashov","first_name":"Fyodor"}],"acknowledgement":"We thank H. Innan, M. Laessig, R. Guigo, I. Povolotskaya, D. Ivankov and M. Breen for thoughtful discussions and critical reading of the manuscript.","status":"public","extern":1,"abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"A long-standing controversy in evolutionary biology is whether or not evolving lineages can cross valleys on the fitness landscape that correspond to low-fitness genotypes, which can eventually enable them to reach isolated fitness peaks1-9. Here we study the fitness landscapes traversed by switches between different AU and GC Watson-Crick nucleotide pairs at complementary sites of mitochondrial transfer RNA stem regions in 83 mammalian species. We find that such Watson-Crick switches occur 30-40 times more slowly than pairs of neutral substitutions, and that alleles corresponding to GU and AC non-Watson-Crick intermediate states segregate within human populations at low frequencies, similar to those of non-synonymous alleles. Substitutions leading to a Watson-Crick switch are strongly correlated, especially in mitochondrial tRNAs encoded on the GT-nucleotide-rich strand of the mitochondrial genome. Using these data we estimate that a typical Watson-Crick switch involves crossing a fitness valley of a depth of about 10-3 or even about 10-2, with AC intermediates being slightly more deleterious than GU intermediates. This compensatory evolution must proceed through rare intermediate variants that never reach fixation. The ubiquitous nature of compensatory evolution in mammalian mitochondrial tRNAs and other molecules implies that simultaneous fixation of two alleles that are individually deleterious may be a common phenomenon at the molecular level."}],"title":"Compensatory evolution in mitochondrial tRNAs navigates valleys of low fitness","intvolume":"       464","publication":"Nature","publisher":"Nature Publishing Group","page":"279 - 282","quality_controlled":0,"publication_status":"published","_id":"862","issue":"7286"},{"volume":365,"doi":"10.1098/rstb.2009.0286","publist_id":"6772","date_created":"2018-12-11T11:48:57Z","date_published":"2010-04-27T00:00:00Z","month":"04","type":"journal_article","year":"2010","citation":{"apa":"Kondrashov, F., &#38; Kondrashov, A. (2010). Measurements of spontaneous rates of mutations in the recent past and the near future. <i>Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences</i>. Royal Society, The. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2009.0286\">https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2009.0286</a>","short":"F. Kondrashov, A. Kondrashov, Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences 365 (2010) 1169–1176.","ieee":"F. Kondrashov and A. Kondrashov, “Measurements of spontaneous rates of mutations in the recent past and the near future,” <i>Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences</i>, vol. 365, no. 1544. Royal Society, The, pp. 1169–1176, 2010.","ista":"Kondrashov F, Kondrashov A. 2010. Measurements of spontaneous rates of mutations in the recent past and the near future. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences. 365(1544), 1169–1176.","ama":"Kondrashov F, Kondrashov A. Measurements of spontaneous rates of mutations in the recent past and the near future. <i>Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London Series B, Biological Sciences</i>. 2010;365(1544):1169-1176. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2009.0286\">10.1098/rstb.2009.0286</a>","mla":"Kondrashov, Fyodor, and Alexey Kondrashov. “Measurements of Spontaneous Rates of Mutations in the Recent Past and the near Future.” <i>Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences</i>, vol. 365, no. 1544, Royal Society, The, 2010, pp. 1169–76, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2009.0286\">10.1098/rstb.2009.0286</a>.","chicago":"Kondrashov, Fyodor, and Alexey Kondrashov. “Measurements of Spontaneous Rates of Mutations in the Recent Past and the near Future.” <i>Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences</i>. Royal Society, The, 2010. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2009.0286\">https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2009.0286</a>."},"day":"27","date_updated":"2021-01-12T08:20:43Z","extern":1,"abstract":[{"text":"The rate of spontaneous mutation in natural populations is a fundamental parameter for many evolutionary phenomena. Because the rate of mutation is generally low, most of what is currently known about mutation has been obtained through indirect, complex and imprecise methodological approaches. However, in the past few years genome-wide sequencing of closely related individuals has made it possible to estimate the rates of mutation directly at the level of the DNA, avoiding most of the problems associated with using indirect methods. Here, we review the methods used in the past with an emphasis on next generation sequencing, which may soon make the accurate measurement of spontaneous mutation rates a matter of routine.","lang":"eng"}],"title":"Measurements of spontaneous rates of mutations in the recent past and the near future","status":"public","author":[{"orcid":"0000-0001-8243-4694","last_name":"Kondrashov","first_name":"Fyodor","id":"44FDEF62-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","full_name":"Fyodor Kondrashov"},{"full_name":"Kondrashov, Alexey S","first_name":"Alexey","last_name":"Kondrashov"}],"issue":"1544","publication_status":"published","_id":"872","publisher":"Royal Society, The","page":"1169 - 1176","quality_controlled":0,"intvolume":"       365","publication":"Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences"},{"_id":"884","publication_status":"published","quality_controlled":0,"publisher":"BioMed Central","publication":"Biology Direct","intvolume":"         5","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"Background: Divergence of two independently evolving sequences that originated from a common ancestor can be described by two parameters, the asymptotic level of divergence E and the rate r at which this level of divergence is approached. Constant negative selection impedes allele replacements and, therefore, is routinely assumed to decelerate sequence divergence. However, its impact on E and on r has not been formally investigated.Results: Strong selection that favors only one allele can make E arbitrarily small and r arbitrarily large. In contrast, in the case of 4 possible alleles and equal mutation rates, the lowest value of r, attained when two alleles confer equal fitnesses and the other two are strongly deleterious, is only two times lower than its value under selective neutrality.Conclusions: Constant selection can strongly constrain the level of sequence divergence, but cannot reduce substantially the rate at which this level is approached. In particular, under any constant selection the divergence of sequences that accumulated one substitution per neutral site since their origin from the common ancestor must already constitute at least one half of the asymptotic divergence at sites under such selection.Reviewers: This article was reviewed by Drs. Nicolas Galtier, Sergei Maslov, and Nick Grishin."}],"title":"Rate of sequence divergence under constant selection","extern":1,"status":"public","author":[{"full_name":"Kondrashov, Alexey S","last_name":"Kondrashov","first_name":"Alexey"},{"first_name":"Inna","last_name":"Povolotskaya","full_name":"Povolotskaya, Inna"},{"first_name":"Dmitry","last_name":"Ivankov","full_name":"Ivankov, Dmitry N"},{"full_name":"Fyodor Kondrashov","id":"44FDEF62-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","first_name":"Fyodor","last_name":"Kondrashov","orcid":"0000-0001-8243-4694"}],"type":"journal_article","year":"2010","day":"21","citation":{"chicago":"Kondrashov, Alexey, Inna Povolotskaya, Dmitry Ivankov, and Fyodor Kondrashov. “Rate of Sequence Divergence under Constant Selection.” <i>Biology Direct</i>. BioMed Central, 2010. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1186/1745-6150-5-5\">https://doi.org/10.1186/1745-6150-5-5</a>.","mla":"Kondrashov, Alexey, et al. “Rate of Sequence Divergence under Constant Selection.” <i>Biology Direct</i>, vol. 5, BioMed Central, 2010, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1186/1745-6150-5-5\">10.1186/1745-6150-5-5</a>.","ama":"Kondrashov A, Povolotskaya I, Ivankov D, Kondrashov F. Rate of sequence divergence under constant selection. <i>Biology Direct</i>. 2010;5. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1186/1745-6150-5-5\">10.1186/1745-6150-5-5</a>","ista":"Kondrashov A, Povolotskaya I, Ivankov D, Kondrashov F. 2010. Rate of sequence divergence under constant selection. Biology Direct. 5.","ieee":"A. Kondrashov, I. Povolotskaya, D. Ivankov, and F. Kondrashov, “Rate of sequence divergence under constant selection,” <i>Biology Direct</i>, vol. 5. BioMed Central, 2010.","apa":"Kondrashov, A., Povolotskaya, I., Ivankov, D., &#38; Kondrashov, F. (2010). Rate of sequence divergence under constant selection. <i>Biology Direct</i>. BioMed Central. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1186/1745-6150-5-5\">https://doi.org/10.1186/1745-6150-5-5</a>","short":"A. Kondrashov, I. Povolotskaya, D. Ivankov, F. Kondrashov, Biology Direct 5 (2010)."},"date_updated":"2021-01-12T08:21:15Z","tmp":{"image":"/images/cc_by.png","name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)","short":"CC BY (4.0)","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode"},"doi":"10.1186/1745-6150-5-5","publist_id":"6762","volume":5,"date_created":"2018-12-11T11:49:00Z","date_published":"2010-01-21T00:00:00Z","month":"01"},{"pmid":1,"month":"07","date_published":"2010-07-20T00:00:00Z","date_created":"2018-12-11T11:44:34Z","oa_version":"None","doi":"10.1021/am100375w","publist_id":"7965","volume":2,"date_updated":"2021-01-12T08:21:17Z","day":"20","citation":{"short":"I. Wright, A.P. Higginbotham, S. Baker, T. Donnelly, ACS Applied Materials and Interfaces 2 (2010) 2360–2364.","apa":"Wright, I., Higginbotham, A. P., Baker, S., &#38; Donnelly, T. (2010). Generation of nanoparticles of controlled size using ultrasonic piezoelectric oscillators in solution. <i>ACS Applied Materials and Interfaces</i>. American Chemical Society. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1021/am100375w\">https://doi.org/10.1021/am100375w</a>","ieee":"I. Wright, A. P. Higginbotham, S. Baker, and T. Donnelly, “Generation of nanoparticles of controlled size using ultrasonic piezoelectric oscillators in solution,” <i>ACS Applied Materials and Interfaces</i>, vol. 2, no. 8. American Chemical Society, pp. 2360–2364, 2010.","chicago":"Wright, Ian, Andrew P Higginbotham, Shenda Baker, and Tom Donnelly. “Generation of Nanoparticles of Controlled Size Using Ultrasonic Piezoelectric Oscillators in Solution.” <i>ACS Applied Materials and Interfaces</i>. American Chemical Society, 2010. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1021/am100375w\">https://doi.org/10.1021/am100375w</a>.","ista":"Wright I, Higginbotham AP, Baker S, Donnelly T. 2010. Generation of nanoparticles of controlled size using ultrasonic piezoelectric oscillators in solution. ACS Applied Materials and Interfaces. 2(8), 2360–2364.","ama":"Wright I, Higginbotham AP, Baker S, Donnelly T. Generation of nanoparticles of controlled size using ultrasonic piezoelectric oscillators in solution. <i>ACS Applied Materials and Interfaces</i>. 2010;2(8):2360-2364. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1021/am100375w\">10.1021/am100375w</a>","mla":"Wright, Ian, et al. “Generation of Nanoparticles of Controlled Size Using Ultrasonic Piezoelectric Oscillators in Solution.” <i>ACS Applied Materials and Interfaces</i>, vol. 2, no. 8, American Chemical Society, 2010, pp. 2360–64, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1021/am100375w\">10.1021/am100375w</a>."},"year":"2010","type":"journal_article","acknowledgement":"This work was supported by the National Science Foundation under Grants PHY-0456898 and PHY-0757989, and acknowledgment is made to the Donors of the Petroleum Research Fund administered by the American Chemical Society for partial support of this research.","author":[{"full_name":"Wright, Ian","first_name":"Ian","last_name":"Wright"},{"orcid":"0000-0003-2607-2363","last_name":"Higginbotham","first_name":"Andrew P","id":"4AD6785A-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","full_name":"Higginbotham, Andrew P"},{"full_name":"Baker, Shenda","last_name":"Baker","first_name":"Shenda"},{"first_name":"Tom","last_name":"Donnelly","full_name":"Donnelly, Tom"}],"status":"public","title":"Generation of nanoparticles of controlled size using ultrasonic piezoelectric oscillators in solution","abstract":[{"text":"We demonstrate the operation of a device that can produce chitosan nanoparticles in a tunable size range from 50-300 nm with small size dispersion. A piezoelectric oscillator operated at megahertz frequencies is used to aerosolize a solution containing dissolved chitosan. The solvent is then evaporated from the aerosolized droplets in a heat pipe, leaving monodisperse nanoparticles to be collected. The nanoparticle size is controlled both by the concentration of the dissolved polymer and by the size of the aerosol droplets that are created. Our device can be used with any polymer or polymer/therapeutic combination that can be prepared in a homogeneous solution and vaporized.","lang":"eng"}],"extern":"1","publication":"ACS Applied Materials and Interfaces","user_id":"3E5EF7F0-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","intvolume":"         2","quality_controlled":"1","page":"2360 - 2364","publisher":"American Chemical Society","external_id":{"pmid":["    20735108"]},"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"_id":"89","publication_status":"published","issue":"8"},{"type":"journal_article","year":"2010","date_updated":"2021-01-12T08:21:19Z","citation":{"ama":"Innan H, Kondrashov F. The evolution of gene duplications: Classifying and distinguishing between models. <i>Nature Reviews Genetics</i>. 2010;11(2):97-108. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/nrg2689\">10.1038/nrg2689</a>","ista":"Innan H, Kondrashov F. 2010. The evolution of gene duplications: Classifying and distinguishing between models. Nature Reviews Genetics. 11(2), 97–108.","mla":"Innan, Hideki, and Fyodor Kondrashov. “The Evolution of Gene Duplications: Classifying and Distinguishing between Models.” <i>Nature Reviews Genetics</i>, vol. 11, no. 2, Nature Publishing Group, 2010, pp. 97–108, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/nrg2689\">10.1038/nrg2689</a>.","chicago":"Innan, Hideki, and Fyodor Kondrashov. “The Evolution of Gene Duplications: Classifying and Distinguishing between Models.” <i>Nature Reviews Genetics</i>. Nature Publishing Group, 2010. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/nrg2689\">https://doi.org/10.1038/nrg2689</a>.","short":"H. Innan, F. Kondrashov, Nature Reviews Genetics 11 (2010) 97–108.","apa":"Innan, H., &#38; Kondrashov, F. (2010). The evolution of gene duplications: Classifying and distinguishing between models. <i>Nature Reviews Genetics</i>. Nature Publishing Group. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/nrg2689\">https://doi.org/10.1038/nrg2689</a>","ieee":"H. Innan and F. Kondrashov, “The evolution of gene duplications: Classifying and distinguishing between models,” <i>Nature Reviews Genetics</i>, vol. 11, no. 2. Nature Publishing Group, pp. 97–108, 2010."},"day":"01","publist_id":"6755","doi":"10.1038/nrg2689","volume":11,"month":"02","date_published":"2010-02-01T00:00:00Z","date_created":"2018-12-11T11:49:03Z","_id":"891","publication_status":"published","issue":"2","publication":"Nature Reviews Genetics","intvolume":"        11","page":"97 - 108","quality_controlled":0,"publisher":"Nature Publishing Group","status":"public","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"Gene duplications and their subsequent divergence play an important part in the evolution of novel gene functions. Several models for the emergence, maintenance and evolution of gene copies have been proposed. However, a clear consensus on how gene duplications are fixed and maintained in genomes is lacking. Here, we present a comprehensive classification of the models that are relevant to all stages of the evolution of gene duplications. Each model predicts a unique combination of evolutionary dynamics and functional properties. Setting out these predictions is an important step towards identifying the main mechanisms that are involved in the evolution of gene duplications."}],"title":"The evolution of gene duplications: Classifying and distinguishing between models","extern":1,"author":[{"full_name":"Innan, Hideki","first_name":"Hideki","last_name":"Innan"},{"id":"44FDEF62-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","full_name":"Fyodor Kondrashov","last_name":"Kondrashov","orcid":"0000-0001-8243-4694","first_name":"Fyodor"}],"acknowledgement":"We thank M. Lynch for insightful comments on the manuscript.\n"},{"author":[{"orcid":"0000-0003-4509-4998","last_name":"Kicheva","first_name":"Anna","id":"3959A2A0-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","full_name":"Anna Kicheva"},{"full_name":"Briscoe, James","first_name":"James","last_name":"Briscoe"}],"acknowledgement":"AK is funded by a Marie Curie fellowship. JB is funded by the MRC (UK). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript","extern":1,"title":"Limbs made to measure","status":"public","publisher":"Public Library of Science","quality_controlled":0,"intvolume":"         8","publication":"PLoS Biology","issue":"7","publication_status":"published","_id":"1721","date_published":"2010-07-01T00:00:00Z","date_created":"2018-12-11T11:53:39Z","month":"07","volume":8,"doi":"10.1371/journal.pbio.1000421","publist_id":"5407","day":"01","citation":{"ieee":"A. Kicheva and J. Briscoe, “Limbs made to measure,” <i>PLoS Biology</i>, vol. 8, no. 7. Public Library of Science, 2010.","apa":"Kicheva, A., &#38; Briscoe, J. (2010). Limbs made to measure. <i>PLoS Biology</i>. Public Library of Science. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.1000421\">https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.1000421</a>","short":"A. Kicheva, J. Briscoe, PLoS Biology 8 (2010).","mla":"Kicheva, Anna, and James Briscoe. “Limbs Made to Measure.” <i>PLoS Biology</i>, vol. 8, no. 7, Public Library of Science, 2010, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.1000421\">10.1371/journal.pbio.1000421</a>.","ista":"Kicheva A, Briscoe J. 2010. Limbs made to measure. PLoS Biology. 8(7).","ama":"Kicheva A, Briscoe J. Limbs made to measure. <i>PLoS Biology</i>. 2010;8(7). doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.1000421\">10.1371/journal.pbio.1000421</a>","chicago":"Kicheva, Anna, and James Briscoe. “Limbs Made to Measure.” <i>PLoS Biology</i>. Public Library of Science, 2010. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.1000421\">https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.1000421</a>."},"date_updated":"2021-01-12T06:52:45Z","type":"journal_article","year":"2010"},{"status":"public","extern":1,"abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"Morphogens are secreted signalling molecules that act in a graded manner to control the pattern of cellular differentiation in developing tissues. An example is Sonic hedgehog (Shh), which acts in several developing vertebrate tissues, including the central nervous system, to provide positional information during embryonic patterning. Here we address how Shh signalling assigns the positional identities of distinct neuronal subtype progenitors throughout the ventral neural tube. Assays of intracellular signal transduction and gene expression indicate that the duration as well as level of signalling is critical for morphogen interpretation. Progenitors of the ventral neuronal subtypes are established sequentially, with progressively more ventral identities requiring correspondingly higher levels and longer periods of Shh signalling. Moreover, cells remain sensitive to changes in Shh signalling for an extended time, reverting to antecedent identities if signalling levels fall below a threshold. Thus, the duration of signalling is important not only for the assignment but also for the refinement and maintenance of positional identity. Together the data suggest a dynamic model for ventral neural tube patterning in which positional information corresponds to the time integral of Shh signalling. This suggests an alternative to conventional models of morphogen action that rely solely on the level of signalling."}],"title":"Dynamic assignment and maintenance of positional identity in the ventral neural tube by the morphogen sonic hedgehog","author":[{"full_name":"Dessaud, Éric","first_name":"Éric","last_name":"Dessaud"},{"full_name":"Ribes, Vanessa","first_name":"Vanessa","last_name":"Ribes"},{"full_name":"Balaskas, Nikolaos","last_name":"Balaskas","first_name":"Nikolaos"},{"last_name":"Yang","first_name":"Linlin","full_name":"Yang, Linlin"},{"first_name":"Alessandra","last_name":"Pierani","full_name":"Pierani, Alessandra"},{"id":"3959A2A0-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","full_name":"Anna Kicheva","first_name":"Anna","orcid":"0000-0003-4509-4998","last_name":"Kicheva"},{"full_name":"Novitch, Bennett","first_name":"Bennett","last_name":"Novitch"},{"full_name":"Briscoe, James","last_name":"Briscoe","first_name":"James"},{"full_name":"Sasai, Noriaki","last_name":"Sasai","first_name":"Noriaki"}],"acknowledgement":"NS was supported by a Marie Curie Fellowship (PIIF-GA-2008-219939) and the Mochida Memorial Foundation for Medical and Pharmaceutical Research. Support for VR was provided by an EMBO LTF, for AK by a FEBS LTF. ED was supported by the Wellcome Trust (#080630). Work in the lab of JB is supported by the Medical Research Council (UK). AP is a CNRS (Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique) Investigator. This work was supported by grants from the Ministère de la Recherche (ACI Grant #0220575) and the Association pour la Recherche sur le Cancer (Grant #4679) to AP. BGN was supported by grants from the Whitehall Foundation (2004-05-90-APL), the March of Dimes Foundation (5-FY2006-281), the Muscular Dystrophy Association (92901), and the NINDS (NS053976)","publication_status":"published","_id":"1722","issue":"6","intvolume":"         8","publication":"PLoS Biology","publisher":"Public Library of Science","quality_controlled":0,"volume":8,"doi":"10.1371/journal.pbio.1000382","publist_id":"5408","month":"06","date_published":"2010-06-01T00:00:00Z","date_created":"2018-12-11T11:53:39Z","year":"2010","type":"journal_article","date_updated":"2021-01-12T06:52:46Z","day":"01","citation":{"chicago":"Dessaud, Éric, Vanessa Ribes, Nikolaos Balaskas, Linlin Yang, Alessandra Pierani, Anna Kicheva, Bennett Novitch, James Briscoe, and Noriaki Sasai. “Dynamic Assignment and Maintenance of Positional Identity in the Ventral Neural Tube by the Morphogen Sonic Hedgehog.” <i>PLoS Biology</i>. Public Library of Science, 2010. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.1000382\">https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.1000382</a>.","ama":"Dessaud É, Ribes V, Balaskas N, et al. Dynamic assignment and maintenance of positional identity in the ventral neural tube by the morphogen sonic hedgehog. <i>PLoS Biology</i>. 2010;8(6). doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.1000382\">10.1371/journal.pbio.1000382</a>","ista":"Dessaud É, Ribes V, Balaskas N, Yang L, Pierani A, Kicheva A, Novitch B, Briscoe J, Sasai N. 2010. Dynamic assignment and maintenance of positional identity in the ventral neural tube by the morphogen sonic hedgehog. PLoS Biology. 8(6).","mla":"Dessaud, Éric, et al. “Dynamic Assignment and Maintenance of Positional Identity in the Ventral Neural Tube by the Morphogen Sonic Hedgehog.” <i>PLoS Biology</i>, vol. 8, no. 6, Public Library of Science, 2010, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.1000382\">10.1371/journal.pbio.1000382</a>.","apa":"Dessaud, É., Ribes, V., Balaskas, N., Yang, L., Pierani, A., Kicheva, A., … Sasai, N. (2010). Dynamic assignment and maintenance of positional identity in the ventral neural tube by the morphogen sonic hedgehog. <i>PLoS Biology</i>. Public Library of Science. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.1000382\">https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.1000382</a>","short":"É. Dessaud, V. Ribes, N. Balaskas, L. Yang, A. Pierani, A. Kicheva, B. Novitch, J. Briscoe, N. Sasai, PLoS Biology 8 (2010).","ieee":"É. Dessaud <i>et al.</i>, “Dynamic assignment and maintenance of positional identity in the ventral neural tube by the morphogen sonic hedgehog,” <i>PLoS Biology</i>, vol. 8, no. 6. Public Library of Science, 2010."}},{"volume":5,"doi":"10.1038/nnano.2010.84","publist_id":"5372","month":"06","date_created":"2018-12-11T11:53:49Z","date_published":"2010-06-01T00:00:00Z","type":"journal_article","year":"2010","date_updated":"2021-01-12T06:52:59Z","day":"01","citation":{"short":"G. Katsaros, P. Spathis, M. Stoffel, F. Fournel, M. Mongillo, V. Bouchiat, F. Lefloch, A. Rastelli, O. Schmidt, S. De Franceschi, Nature Nanotechnology 5 (2010) 458–464.","apa":"Katsaros, G., Spathis, P., Stoffel, M., Fournel, F., Mongillo, M., Bouchiat, V., … De Franceschi, S. (2010). Hybrid superconductor-semiconductor devices made from self-assembled SiGe nanocrystals on silicon. <i>Nature Nanotechnology</i>. Nature Publishing Group. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/nnano.2010.84\">https://doi.org/10.1038/nnano.2010.84</a>","ieee":"G. Katsaros <i>et al.</i>, “Hybrid superconductor-semiconductor devices made from self-assembled SiGe nanocrystals on silicon,” <i>Nature Nanotechnology</i>, vol. 5, no. 6. Nature Publishing Group, pp. 458–464, 2010.","ama":"Katsaros G, Spathis P, Stoffel M, et al. Hybrid superconductor-semiconductor devices made from self-assembled SiGe nanocrystals on silicon. <i>Nature Nanotechnology</i>. 2010;5(6):458-464. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/nnano.2010.84\">10.1038/nnano.2010.84</a>","ista":"Katsaros G, Spathis P, Stoffel M, Fournel F, Mongillo M, Bouchiat V, Lefloch F, Rastelli A, Schmidt O, De Franceschi S. 2010. Hybrid superconductor-semiconductor devices made from self-assembled SiGe nanocrystals on silicon. Nature Nanotechnology. 5(6), 458–464.","mla":"Katsaros, Georgios, et al. “Hybrid Superconductor-Semiconductor Devices Made from Self-Assembled SiGe Nanocrystals on Silicon.” <i>Nature Nanotechnology</i>, vol. 5, no. 6, Nature Publishing Group, 2010, pp. 458–64, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/nnano.2010.84\">10.1038/nnano.2010.84</a>.","chicago":"Katsaros, Georgios, Panayotis Spathis, Mathieu Stoffel, Frank Fournel, Massimo Mongillo, Vincent Bouchiat, François Lefloch, Armando Rastelli, Oliver Schmidt, and Silvano De Franceschi. “Hybrid Superconductor-Semiconductor Devices Made from Self-Assembled SiGe Nanocrystals on Silicon.” <i>Nature Nanotechnology</i>. Nature Publishing Group, 2010. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/nnano.2010.84\">https://doi.org/10.1038/nnano.2010.84</a>."},"status":"public","extern":1,"abstract":[{"text":"The epitaxial growth of germanium on silicon leads to the self-assembly of SiGe nanocrystals by a process that allows the size, composition and position of the nanocrystals to be controlled. This level of control, combined with an inherent compatibility with silicon technology, could prove useful in nanoelectronic applications. Here, we report the confinement of holes in quantum-dot devices made by directly contacting individual SiGe nanocrystals with aluminium electrodes, and the production of hybrid superconductor- semiconductor devices, such as resonant supercurrent transistors, when the quantum dot is strongly coupled to the electrodes. Charge transport measurements on weakly coupled quantum dots reveal discrete energy spectra, with the confined hole states displaying anisotropic gyromagnetic factors and strong spin-orbit coupling with pronounced dependences on gate voltage and magnetic field.","lang":"eng"}],"title":"Hybrid superconductor-semiconductor devices made from self-assembled SiGe nanocrystals on silicon","acknowledgement":"We also acknowledge support from the Agence Nationale de la Recherche (through the ACCESS and COHESION projects). G.K. acknowledges further support from the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (grant no. KA 2922/1-1)","author":[{"full_name":"Georgios Katsaros","id":"38DB5788-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","last_name":"Katsaros","first_name":"Georgios"},{"full_name":"Spathis, Panayotis N","last_name":"Spathis","first_name":"Panayotis"},{"first_name":"Mathieu","last_name":"Stoffel","full_name":"Stoffel, Mathieu"},{"full_name":"Fournel, Frank","first_name":"Frank","last_name":"Fournel"},{"last_name":"Mongillo","first_name":"Massimo","full_name":"Mongillo, Massimo"},{"last_name":"Bouchiat","first_name":"Vincent","full_name":"Bouchiat, Vincent"},{"last_name":"Lefloch","first_name":"François","full_name":"Lefloch, François"},{"last_name":"Rastelli","first_name":"Armando","full_name":"Rastelli, Armando"},{"full_name":"Schmidt, Oliver G","first_name":"Oliver","last_name":"Schmidt"},{"full_name":"De Franceschi, Silvano","last_name":"De Franceschi","first_name":"Silvano"}],"oa":1,"publication_status":"published","_id":"1752","issue":"6","intvolume":"         5","publication":"Nature Nanotechnology","publisher":"Nature Publishing Group","quality_controlled":0,"page":"458 - 464","main_file_link":[{"open_access":"1","url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/1005.1816"}]}]