[{"main_file_link":[{"open_access":"1","url":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c02145"}],"intvolume":"        21","publication_status":"published","pmid":1,"day":"22","month":"10","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"date_published":"2021-10-22T00:00:00Z","author":[{"full_name":"Baykusheva, Denitsa Rangelova","id":"71b4d059-2a03-11ee-914d-dfa3beed6530","first_name":"Denitsa Rangelova","last_name":"Baykusheva"},{"first_name":"Alexis","last_name":"Chacón","full_name":"Chacón, Alexis"},{"first_name":"Jian","last_name":"Lu","full_name":"Lu, Jian"},{"last_name":"Bailey","first_name":"Trevor P.","full_name":"Bailey, Trevor P."},{"full_name":"Sobota, Jonathan A.","first_name":"Jonathan A.","last_name":"Sobota"},{"full_name":"Soifer, Hadas","first_name":"Hadas","last_name":"Soifer"},{"first_name":"Patrick S.","last_name":"Kirchmann","full_name":"Kirchmann, Patrick S."},{"first_name":"Costel","last_name":"Rotundu","full_name":"Rotundu, Costel"},{"first_name":"Ctirad","last_name":"Uher","full_name":"Uher, Ctirad"},{"full_name":"Heinz, Tony F.","first_name":"Tony F.","last_name":"Heinz"},{"full_name":"Reis, David A.","last_name":"Reis","first_name":"David A."},{"full_name":"Ghimire, Shambhu","first_name":"Shambhu","last_name":"Ghimire"}],"article_processing_charge":"No","doi":"10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c02145","date_updated":"2023-08-22T07:32:00Z","keyword":["Mechanical Engineering","Condensed Matter Physics","General Materials Science","General Chemistry","Bioengineering"],"scopus_import":"1","quality_controlled":"1","volume":21,"page":"8970-8978","user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","type":"journal_article","_id":"13996","year":"2021","status":"public","oa":1,"issue":"21","external_id":{"arxiv":["2109.15291"],"pmid":["34676752"]},"article_type":"original","citation":{"ieee":"D. R. Baykusheva <i>et al.</i>, “All-optical probe of three-dimensional topological insulators based on high-harmonic generation by circularly polarized laser fields,” <i>Nano Letters</i>, vol. 21, no. 21. American Chemical Society, pp. 8970–8978, 2021.","chicago":"Baykusheva, Denitsa Rangelova, Alexis Chacón, Jian Lu, Trevor P. Bailey, Jonathan A. Sobota, Hadas Soifer, Patrick S. Kirchmann, et al. “All-Optical Probe of Three-Dimensional Topological Insulators Based on High-Harmonic Generation by Circularly Polarized Laser Fields.” <i>Nano Letters</i>. American Chemical Society, 2021. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c02145\">https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c02145</a>.","apa":"Baykusheva, D. R., Chacón, A., Lu, J., Bailey, T. P., Sobota, J. A., Soifer, H., … Ghimire, S. (2021). All-optical probe of three-dimensional topological insulators based on high-harmonic generation by circularly polarized laser fields. <i>Nano Letters</i>. American Chemical Society. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c02145\">https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c02145</a>","ama":"Baykusheva DR, Chacón A, Lu J, et al. All-optical probe of three-dimensional topological insulators based on high-harmonic generation by circularly polarized laser fields. <i>Nano Letters</i>. 2021;21(21):8970-8978. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c02145\">10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c02145</a>","mla":"Baykusheva, Denitsa Rangelova, et al. “All-Optical Probe of Three-Dimensional Topological Insulators Based on High-Harmonic Generation by Circularly Polarized Laser Fields.” <i>Nano Letters</i>, vol. 21, no. 21, American Chemical Society, 2021, pp. 8970–78, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c02145\">10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c02145</a>.","short":"D.R. Baykusheva, A. Chacón, J. Lu, T.P. Bailey, J.A. Sobota, H. Soifer, P.S. Kirchmann, C. Rotundu, C. Uher, T.F. Heinz, D.A. Reis, S. Ghimire, Nano Letters 21 (2021) 8970–8978.","ista":"Baykusheva DR, Chacón A, Lu J, Bailey TP, Sobota JA, Soifer H, Kirchmann PS, Rotundu C, Uher C, Heinz TF, Reis DA, Ghimire S. 2021. All-optical probe of three-dimensional topological insulators based on high-harmonic generation by circularly polarized laser fields. Nano Letters. 21(21), 8970–8978."},"publication_identifier":{"eissn":["1530-6992"],"issn":["1530-6984"]},"publication":"Nano Letters","title":"All-optical probe of three-dimensional topological insulators based on high-harmonic generation by circularly polarized laser fields","publisher":"American Chemical Society","date_created":"2023-08-09T13:09:15Z","oa_version":"Published Version","arxiv":1,"abstract":[{"text":"We report the observation of an anomalous nonlinear optical response of the prototypical three-dimensional topological insulator bismuth selenide through the process of high-order harmonic generation. We find that the generation efficiency increases as the laser polarization is changed from linear to elliptical, and it becomes maximum for circular polarization. With the aid of a microscopic theory and a detailed analysis of the measured spectra, we reveal that such anomalous enhancement encodes the characteristic topology of the band structure that originates from the interplay of strong spin–orbit coupling and time-reversal symmetry protection. The implications are in ultrafast probing of topological phase transitions, light-field driven dissipationless electronics, and quantum computation.","lang":"eng"}],"extern":"1"},{"article_number":"023101","scopus_import":"1","quality_controlled":"1","author":[{"first_name":"Denitsa Rangelova","last_name":"Baykusheva","full_name":"Baykusheva, Denitsa Rangelova","id":"71b4d059-2a03-11ee-914d-dfa3beed6530"},{"full_name":"Chacón, Alexis","first_name":"Alexis","last_name":"Chacón"},{"full_name":"Kim, Dasol","first_name":"Dasol","last_name":"Kim"},{"full_name":"Kim, Dong Eon","first_name":"Dong Eon","last_name":"Kim"},{"full_name":"Reis, David A.","last_name":"Reis","first_name":"David A."},{"first_name":"Shambhu","last_name":"Ghimire","full_name":"Ghimire, Shambhu"}],"date_published":"2021-02-01T00:00:00Z","doi":"10.1103/physreva.103.023101","date_updated":"2023-08-22T07:33:43Z","article_processing_charge":"No","main_file_link":[{"url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2008.01265","open_access":"1"}],"intvolume":"       103","publication_status":"published","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"month":"02","day":"01","oa_version":"Preprint","date_created":"2023-08-09T13:09:26Z","title":"Strong-field physics in three-dimensional topological insulators","publication":"Physical Review A","publisher":"American Physical Society","abstract":[{"text":"We investigate theoretically the strong-field regime of light-matter interactions in the topological-insulator class of quantum materials. In particular, we focus on the process of nonperturbative high-order harmonic generation from the paradigmatic three-dimensional topological insulator bismuth selenide (Bi2Se3) subjected to intense midinfrared laser fields. We analyze the contributions from the spin-orbit-coupled bulk states and the topological surface bands separately and reveal a major difference in how their harmonic yields depend on the ellipticity of the laser field. Bulk harmonics show a monotonic decrease in their yield as the ellipticity increases, in a manner reminiscent of high harmonic generation in gaseous media. However, the surface contribution exhibits a highly nontrivial dependence, culminating with a maximum for circularly polarized fields. We attribute the observed anomalous behavior to (i) the enhanced amplitude and the circular pattern of the interband dipole and the Berry connections in the vicinity of the Dirac point and (ii) the influence of the higher-order, hexagonal warping terms in the Hamiltonian, which are responsible for the hexagonal deformation of the energy surface at higher momenta. The latter are associated directly with spin-orbit-coupling parameters. Our results thus establish the sensitivity of strong-field-driven high harmonic emission to the topology of the band structure as well as to the manifestations of spin-orbit interaction.","lang":"eng"}],"extern":"1","arxiv":1,"_id":"13997","year":"2021","volume":103,"type":"journal_article","user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","citation":{"mla":"Baykusheva, Denitsa Rangelova, et al. “Strong-Field Physics in Three-Dimensional Topological Insulators.” <i>Physical Review A</i>, vol. 103, no. 2, 023101, American Physical Society, 2021, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/physreva.103.023101\">10.1103/physreva.103.023101</a>.","short":"D.R. Baykusheva, A. Chacón, D. Kim, D.E. Kim, D.A. Reis, S. Ghimire, Physical Review A 103 (2021).","ista":"Baykusheva DR, Chacón A, Kim D, Kim DE, Reis DA, Ghimire S. 2021. Strong-field physics in three-dimensional topological insulators. Physical Review A. 103(2), 023101.","ama":"Baykusheva DR, Chacón A, Kim D, Kim DE, Reis DA, Ghimire S. Strong-field physics in three-dimensional topological insulators. <i>Physical Review A</i>. 2021;103(2). doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/physreva.103.023101\">10.1103/physreva.103.023101</a>","apa":"Baykusheva, D. R., Chacón, A., Kim, D., Kim, D. E., Reis, D. A., &#38; Ghimire, S. (2021). Strong-field physics in three-dimensional topological insulators. <i>Physical Review A</i>. American Physical Society. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/physreva.103.023101\">https://doi.org/10.1103/physreva.103.023101</a>","chicago":"Baykusheva, Denitsa Rangelova, Alexis Chacón, Dasol Kim, Dong Eon Kim, David A. Reis, and Shambhu Ghimire. “Strong-Field Physics in Three-Dimensional Topological Insulators.” <i>Physical Review A</i>. American Physical Society, 2021. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/physreva.103.023101\">https://doi.org/10.1103/physreva.103.023101</a>.","ieee":"D. R. Baykusheva, A. Chacón, D. Kim, D. E. Kim, D. A. Reis, and S. Ghimire, “Strong-field physics in three-dimensional topological insulators,” <i>Physical Review A</i>, vol. 103, no. 2. American Physical Society, 2021."},"publication_identifier":{"issn":["2469-9926"],"eissn":["2469-9934"]},"oa":1,"status":"public","article_type":"original","external_id":{"arxiv":["2008.01265"]},"issue":"2"},{"oa_version":"Preprint","date_created":"2023-08-21T10:11:00Z","article_number":"2111.15608","title":"Science with the ultraviolet explorer (UVEX)","publication":"arXiv","extern":"1","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"UVEX is a proposed medium class Explorer mission designed to provide crucial missing capabilities that will address objectives central to a broad range of modern astrophysics. The UVEX design has two co-aligned wide-field imagers operating in the FUV and NUV and a powerful broadband medium resolution spectrometer. In its two-year baseline mission, UVEX will perform a multi-cadence synoptic all-sky survey 50/100 times deeper than GALEX in the NUV/FUV, cadenced surveys of the Large and Small Magellanic Clouds, rapid target of opportunity followup, as well as spectroscopic followup of samples of stars and galaxies. The science program is built around three pillars. First, UVEX will explore the low-mass, low-metallicity galaxy frontier through imaging and spectroscopic surveys that will probe key aspects of the evolution of galaxies by understanding how star formation and stellar evolution at low metallicities affect the growth and evolution of low-metallicity, low-mass galaxies in the local universe. Such galaxies contain half the mass in the local universe, and are analogs for the first galaxies, but observed at distances that make them accessible to detailed study. Second, UVEX will explore the dynamic universe through time-domain surveys and prompt spectroscopic followup capability will probe the environments, energetics, and emission processes in the early aftermaths of gravitational wave-discovered compact object mergers, discover hot, fast UV transients, and diagnose the early stages of stellar explosions. Finally, UVEX will become a key community resource by leaving a large all-sky legacy data set, enabling a wide range of scientific studies and filling a gap in the new generation of wide-field, sensitive optical and infrared surveys provided by the Rubin, Euclid, and Roman observatories. This paper discusses the scientific potential of UVEX, and the broad scientific program."}],"doi":"10.48550/arXiv.2111.15608","date_updated":"2023-08-22T13:15:02Z","article_processing_charge":"No","arxiv":1,"date_published":"2021-11-30T00:00:00Z","author":[{"first_name":"S. R.","last_name":"Kulkarni","full_name":"Kulkarni, S. R."},{"full_name":"Harrison, Fiona A.","first_name":"Fiona A.","last_name":"Harrison"},{"full_name":"Grefenstette, Brian W.","last_name":"Grefenstette","first_name":"Brian W."},{"first_name":"Hannah P.","last_name":"Earnshaw","full_name":"Earnshaw, Hannah P."},{"first_name":"Igor","last_name":"Andreoni","full_name":"Andreoni, Igor"},{"first_name":"Danielle A.","last_name":"Berg","full_name":"Berg, Danielle A."},{"first_name":"Joshua S.","last_name":"Bloom","full_name":"Bloom, Joshua S."},{"full_name":"Cenko, S. Bradley","last_name":"Cenko","first_name":"S. Bradley"},{"first_name":"Ryan","last_name":"Chornock","full_name":"Chornock, Ryan"},{"full_name":"Christiansen, Jessie L.","last_name":"Christiansen","first_name":"Jessie L."},{"full_name":"Coughlin, Michael W.","first_name":"Michael W.","last_name":"Coughlin"},{"full_name":"Criswell, Alexander Wuollet","first_name":"Alexander Wuollet","last_name":"Criswell"},{"full_name":"Darvish, Behnam","first_name":"Behnam","last_name":"Darvish"},{"full_name":"Das, Kaustav K.","last_name":"Das","first_name":"Kaustav K."},{"last_name":"De","first_name":"Kishalay","full_name":"De, Kishalay"},{"first_name":"Luc","last_name":"Dessart","full_name":"Dessart, Luc"},{"full_name":"Dixon, Don","last_name":"Dixon","first_name":"Don"},{"full_name":"Dorsman, Bas","last_name":"Dorsman","first_name":"Bas"},{"full_name":"Kareem El-Badry, Kareem El-Badry","first_name":"Kareem El-Badry","last_name":"Kareem El-Badry"},{"full_name":"Evans, Christopher","last_name":"Evans","first_name":"Christopher"},{"last_name":"Ford","first_name":"K. E. Saavik","full_name":"Ford, K. E. Saavik"},{"first_name":"Christoffer","last_name":"Fremling","full_name":"Fremling, Christoffer"},{"full_name":"Gansicke, Boris T.","last_name":"Gansicke","first_name":"Boris T."},{"full_name":"Gezari, Suvi","last_name":"Gezari","first_name":"Suvi"},{"first_name":"Ylva Louise Linsdotter","last_name":"Götberg","orcid":"0000-0002-6960-6911","full_name":"Götberg, Ylva Louise Linsdotter","id":"d0648d0c-0f64-11ee-a2e0-dd0faa2e4f7d"},{"full_name":"Green, Gregory M.","first_name":"Gregory M.","last_name":"Green"},{"full_name":"Graham, Matthew J.","first_name":"Matthew J.","last_name":"Graham"},{"full_name":"Heida, Marianne","first_name":"Marianne","last_name":"Heida"},{"full_name":"Ho, Anna Y. Q.","last_name":"Ho","first_name":"Anna Y. Q."},{"full_name":"Jaodand, Amruta D.","last_name":"Jaodand","first_name":"Amruta D."},{"full_name":"Christopher M. Johns-Krull, Christopher M. Johns-Krull","first_name":"Christopher M. Johns-Krull","last_name":"Christopher M. Johns-Krull"},{"full_name":"Kasliwal, Mansi M.","first_name":"Mansi M.","last_name":"Kasliwal"},{"full_name":"Lazzarini, Margaret","first_name":"Margaret","last_name":"Lazzarini"},{"last_name":"Lu","first_name":"Wenbin","full_name":"Lu, Wenbin"},{"full_name":"Margutti, Raffaella","last_name":"Margutti","first_name":"Raffaella"},{"last_name":"Martin","first_name":"D. Christopher","full_name":"Martin, D. Christopher"},{"full_name":"Masters, Daniel Charles","last_name":"Masters","first_name":"Daniel Charles"},{"first_name":"Barry","last_name":"McKernan","full_name":"McKernan, Barry"},{"first_name":"Yael","last_name":"Naze","full_name":"Naze, Yael"},{"full_name":"Nissanke, Samaya M.","first_name":"Samaya M.","last_name":"Nissanke"},{"full_name":"Parazin, B.","first_name":"B.","last_name":"Parazin"},{"first_name":"Daniel A.","last_name":"Perley","full_name":"Perley, Daniel A."},{"full_name":"Phinney, E. Sterl","first_name":"E. Sterl","last_name":"Phinney"},{"first_name":"Anthony L.","last_name":"Piro","full_name":"Piro, Anthony L."},{"full_name":"Raaijmakers, G.","first_name":"G.","last_name":"Raaijmakers"},{"full_name":"Rauw, Gregor","first_name":"Gregor","last_name":"Rauw"},{"first_name":"Antonio C.","last_name":"Rodriguez","full_name":"Rodriguez, Antonio C."},{"full_name":"Sana, Hugues","first_name":"Hugues","last_name":"Sana"},{"full_name":"Senchyna, Peter","last_name":"Senchyna","first_name":"Peter"},{"last_name":"Singer","first_name":"Leo P.","full_name":"Singer, Leo P."},{"first_name":"Jessica J.","last_name":"Spake","full_name":"Spake, Jessica J."},{"full_name":"Stassun, Keivan G.","first_name":"Keivan G.","last_name":"Stassun"},{"full_name":"Stern, Daniel","last_name":"Stern","first_name":"Daniel"},{"full_name":"Teplitz, Harry I.","last_name":"Teplitz","first_name":"Harry I."},{"last_name":"Weisz","first_name":"Daniel R.","full_name":"Weisz, Daniel R."},{"full_name":"Yao, Yuhan","last_name":"Yao","first_name":"Yuhan"}],"publication_status":"submitted","year":"2021","main_file_link":[{"open_access":"1","url":" https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2111.15608"}],"_id":"14097","type":"preprint","user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"month":"11","citation":{"ista":"Kulkarni SR, Harrison FA, Grefenstette BW, Earnshaw HP, Andreoni I, Berg DA, Bloom JS, Cenko SB, Chornock R, Christiansen JL, Coughlin MW, Criswell AW, Darvish B, Das KK, De K, Dessart L, Dixon D, Dorsman B, Kareem El-Badry KE-B, Evans C, Ford KES, Fremling C, Gansicke BT, Gezari S, Götberg YLL, Green GM, Graham MJ, Heida M, Ho AYQ, Jaodand AD, Christopher M. Johns-Krull CMJ-K, Kasliwal MM, Lazzarini M, Lu W, Margutti R, Martin DC, Masters DC, McKernan B, Naze Y, Nissanke SM, Parazin B, Perley DA, Phinney ES, Piro AL, Raaijmakers G, Rauw G, Rodriguez AC, Sana H, Senchyna P, Singer LP, Spake JJ, Stassun KG, Stern D, Teplitz HI, Weisz DR, Yao Y. Science with the ultraviolet explorer (UVEX). arXiv, 2111.15608.","short":"S.R. Kulkarni, F.A. Harrison, B.W. Grefenstette, H.P. Earnshaw, I. Andreoni, D.A. Berg, J.S. Bloom, S.B. Cenko, R. Chornock, J.L. Christiansen, M.W. Coughlin, A.W. Criswell, B. Darvish, K.K. Das, K. De, L. Dessart, D. Dixon, B. Dorsman, K.E.-B. Kareem El-Badry, C. Evans, K.E.S. Ford, C. Fremling, B.T. Gansicke, S. Gezari, Y.L.L. Götberg, G.M. Green, M.J. Graham, M. Heida, A.Y.Q. Ho, A.D. Jaodand, C.M.J.-K. Christopher M. Johns-Krull, M.M. Kasliwal, M. Lazzarini, W. Lu, R. Margutti, D.C. Martin, D.C. Masters, B. McKernan, Y. Naze, S.M. Nissanke, B. Parazin, D.A. Perley, E.S. Phinney, A.L. Piro, G. Raaijmakers, G. Rauw, A.C. Rodriguez, H. Sana, P. Senchyna, L.P. Singer, J.J. Spake, K.G. Stassun, D. Stern, H.I. Teplitz, D.R. Weisz, Y. Yao, ArXiv (n.d.).","mla":"Kulkarni, S. R., et al. “Science with the Ultraviolet Explorer (UVEX).” <i>ArXiv</i>, 2111.15608, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2111.15608\">10.48550/arXiv.2111.15608</a>.","ama":"Kulkarni SR, Harrison FA, Grefenstette BW, et al. Science with the ultraviolet explorer (UVEX). <i>arXiv</i>. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2111.15608\">10.48550/arXiv.2111.15608</a>","apa":"Kulkarni, S. R., Harrison, F. A., Grefenstette, B. W., Earnshaw, H. P., Andreoni, I., Berg, D. A., … Yao, Y. (n.d.). Science with the ultraviolet explorer (UVEX). <i>arXiv</i>. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2111.15608\">https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2111.15608</a>","ieee":"S. R. Kulkarni <i>et al.</i>, “Science with the ultraviolet explorer (UVEX),” <i>arXiv</i>. .","chicago":"Kulkarni, S. R., Fiona A. Harrison, Brian W. Grefenstette, Hannah P. Earnshaw, Igor Andreoni, Danielle A. Berg, Joshua S. Bloom, et al. “Science with the Ultraviolet Explorer (UVEX).” <i>ArXiv</i>, n.d. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2111.15608\">https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2111.15608</a>."},"external_id":{"arxiv":["2111.15608"]},"day":"30","status":"public","oa":1},{"article_processing_charge":"No","date_updated":"2023-09-11T11:43:35Z","doi":"10.1109/jproc.2021.3058954","author":[{"full_name":"Scholkopf, Bernhard","first_name":"Bernhard","last_name":"Scholkopf"},{"full_name":"Locatello, Francesco","id":"26cfd52f-2483-11ee-8040-88983bcc06d4","first_name":"Francesco","last_name":"Locatello","orcid":"0000-0002-4850-0683"},{"full_name":"Bauer, Stefan","first_name":"Stefan","last_name":"Bauer"},{"full_name":"Ke, Nan Rosemary","first_name":"Nan Rosemary","last_name":"Ke"},{"full_name":"Kalchbrenner, Nal","last_name":"Kalchbrenner","first_name":"Nal"},{"first_name":"Anirudh","last_name":"Goyal","full_name":"Goyal, Anirudh"},{"full_name":"Bengio, Yoshua","last_name":"Bengio","first_name":"Yoshua"}],"date_published":"2021-05-01T00:00:00Z","quality_controlled":"1","keyword":["Electrical and Electronic Engineering"],"scopus_import":"1","day":"01","month":"05","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"publication_status":"published","intvolume":"       109","main_file_link":[{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JPROC.2021.3058954","open_access":"1"}],"arxiv":1,"extern":"1","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"The two fields of machine learning and graphical causality arose and are developed separately. However, there is, now, cross-pollination and increasing interest in both fields to benefit from the advances of the other. In this article, we review fundamental concepts of causal inference and relate them to crucial open problems of machine learning, including transfer and generalization, thereby assaying how causality can contribute to modern machine learning research. This also applies in the opposite direction: we note that most work in causality starts from the premise that the causal variables are given. A central problem for AI and causality is, thus, causal representation learning, that is, the discovery of high-level causal variables from low-level observations. Finally, we delineate some implications of causality for machine learning and propose key research areas at the intersection of both communities."}],"publisher":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","publication":"Proceedings of the IEEE","title":"Toward causal representation learning","department":[{"_id":"FrLo"}],"date_created":"2023-08-21T12:19:30Z","oa_version":"Published Version","issue":"5","external_id":{"arxiv":["2102.11107"]},"article_type":"original","status":"public","oa":1,"publication_identifier":{"eissn":["1558-2256"],"issn":["0018-9219"]},"citation":{"ama":"Scholkopf B, Locatello F, Bauer S, et al. Toward causal representation learning. <i>Proceedings of the IEEE</i>. 2021;109(5):612-634. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1109/jproc.2021.3058954\">10.1109/jproc.2021.3058954</a>","mla":"Scholkopf, Bernhard, et al. “Toward Causal Representation Learning.” <i>Proceedings of the IEEE</i>, vol. 109, no. 5, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, 2021, pp. 612–34, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1109/jproc.2021.3058954\">10.1109/jproc.2021.3058954</a>.","short":"B. Scholkopf, F. Locatello, S. Bauer, N.R. Ke, N. Kalchbrenner, A. Goyal, Y. Bengio, Proceedings of the IEEE 109 (2021) 612–634.","ista":"Scholkopf B, Locatello F, Bauer S, Ke NR, Kalchbrenner N, Goyal A, Bengio Y. 2021. Toward causal representation learning. Proceedings of the IEEE. 109(5), 612–634.","ieee":"B. Scholkopf <i>et al.</i>, “Toward causal representation learning,” <i>Proceedings of the IEEE</i>, vol. 109, no. 5. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, pp. 612–634, 2021.","chicago":"Scholkopf, Bernhard, Francesco Locatello, Stefan Bauer, Nan Rosemary Ke, Nal Kalchbrenner, Anirudh Goyal, and Yoshua Bengio. “Toward Causal Representation Learning.” <i>Proceedings of the IEEE</i>. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, 2021. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1109/jproc.2021.3058954\">https://doi.org/10.1109/jproc.2021.3058954</a>.","apa":"Scholkopf, B., Locatello, F., Bauer, S., Ke, N. R., Kalchbrenner, N., Goyal, A., &#38; Bengio, Y. (2021). Toward causal representation learning. <i>Proceedings of the IEEE</i>. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1109/jproc.2021.3058954\">https://doi.org/10.1109/jproc.2021.3058954</a>"},"user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","type":"journal_article","volume":109,"page":"612-634","year":"2021","_id":"14117"},{"day":"01","month":"08","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"publication_status":"published","intvolume":"       139","main_file_link":[{"open_access":"1","url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2106.05142"}],"article_processing_charge":"No","date_updated":"2023-09-11T10:16:55Z","alternative_title":["PMLR"],"author":[{"last_name":"Yèche","first_name":"Hugo","full_name":"Yèche, Hugo"},{"full_name":"Dresdner, Gideon","last_name":"Dresdner","first_name":"Gideon"},{"first_name":"Francesco","last_name":"Locatello","orcid":"0000-0002-4850-0683","full_name":"Locatello, Francesco","id":"26cfd52f-2483-11ee-8040-88983bcc06d4"},{"full_name":"Hüser, Matthias","first_name":"Matthias","last_name":"Hüser"},{"full_name":"Rätsch, Gunnar","first_name":"Gunnar","last_name":"Rätsch"}],"date_published":"2021-08-01T00:00:00Z","quality_controlled":"1","scopus_import":"1","conference":{"location":"Virtual","start_date":"2021-07-18","name":"International Conference on Machine Learning","end_date":"2021-07-24"},"external_id":{"arxiv":["2106.05142"]},"oa":1,"status":"public","citation":{"chicago":"Yèche, Hugo, Gideon Dresdner, Francesco Locatello, Matthias Hüser, and Gunnar Rätsch. “Neighborhood Contrastive Learning Applied to Online Patient Monitoring.” In <i>Proceedings of 38th International Conference on Machine Learning</i>, 139:11964–74. ML Research Press, 2021.","ieee":"H. Yèche, G. Dresdner, F. Locatello, M. Hüser, and G. Rätsch, “Neighborhood contrastive learning applied to online patient monitoring,” in <i>Proceedings of 38th International Conference on Machine Learning</i>, Virtual, 2021, vol. 139, pp. 11964–11974.","apa":"Yèche, H., Dresdner, G., Locatello, F., Hüser, M., &#38; Rätsch, G. (2021). Neighborhood contrastive learning applied to online patient monitoring. In <i>Proceedings of 38th International Conference on Machine Learning</i> (Vol. 139, pp. 11964–11974). Virtual: ML Research Press.","ama":"Yèche H, Dresdner G, Locatello F, Hüser M, Rätsch G. Neighborhood contrastive learning applied to online patient monitoring. In: <i>Proceedings of 38th International Conference on Machine Learning</i>. Vol 139. ML Research Press; 2021:11964-11974.","ista":"Yèche H, Dresdner G, Locatello F, Hüser M, Rätsch G. 2021. Neighborhood contrastive learning applied to online patient monitoring. Proceedings of 38th International Conference on Machine Learning. International Conference on Machine Learning, PMLR, vol. 139, 11964–11974.","short":"H. Yèche, G. Dresdner, F. Locatello, M. Hüser, G. Rätsch, in:, Proceedings of 38th International Conference on Machine Learning, ML Research Press, 2021, pp. 11964–11974.","mla":"Yèche, Hugo, et al. “Neighborhood Contrastive Learning Applied to Online Patient Monitoring.” <i>Proceedings of 38th International Conference on Machine Learning</i>, vol. 139, ML Research Press, 2021, pp. 11964–74."},"user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","type":"conference","volume":139,"page":"11964-11974","year":"2021","_id":"14176","arxiv":1,"extern":"1","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"Intensive care units (ICU) are increasingly looking towards machine learning for methods to provide online monitoring of critically ill patients. In machine learning, online monitoring is often formulated as a supervised learning problem. Recently, contrastive learning approaches have demonstrated promising improvements over competitive supervised benchmarks. These methods rely on well-understood data augmentation techniques developed for image data which do not apply to online monitoring. In this work, we overcome this limitation by\r\nsupplementing time-series data augmentation techniques with a novel contrastive\r\nlearning objective which we call neighborhood contrastive learning (NCL). Our objective explicitly groups together contiguous time segments from each patient while maintaining state-specific information. Our experiments demonstrate a marked improvement over existing work applying contrastive methods to medical time-series."}],"publisher":"ML Research Press","publication":"Proceedings of 38th International Conference on Machine Learning","department":[{"_id":"FrLo"}],"title":"Neighborhood contrastive learning applied to online patient monitoring","date_created":"2023-08-22T14:03:04Z","oa_version":"Preprint"},{"year":"2021","_id":"14177","user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","type":"conference","volume":139,"page":"10401-10412","citation":{"ama":"Träuble F, Creager E, Kilbertus N, et al. On disentangled representations learned from correlated data. In: <i>Proceedings of the 38th International Conference on Machine Learning</i>. Vol 139. ML Research Press; 2021:10401-10412.","ista":"Träuble F, Creager E, Kilbertus N, Locatello F, Dittadi A, Goyal A, Schölkopf B, Bauer S. 2021. On disentangled representations learned from correlated data. Proceedings of the 38th International Conference on Machine Learning. ICML: International Conference on Machine Learning, PMLR, vol. 139, 10401–10412.","short":"F. Träuble, E. Creager, N. Kilbertus, F. Locatello, A. Dittadi, A. Goyal, B. Schölkopf, S. Bauer, in:, Proceedings of the 38th International Conference on Machine Learning, ML Research Press, 2021, pp. 10401–10412.","mla":"Träuble, Frederik, et al. “On Disentangled Representations Learned from Correlated Data.” <i>Proceedings of the 38th International Conference on Machine Learning</i>, vol. 139, ML Research Press, 2021, pp. 10401–12.","ieee":"F. Träuble <i>et al.</i>, “On disentangled representations learned from correlated data,” in <i>Proceedings of the 38th International Conference on Machine Learning</i>, Virtual, 2021, vol. 139, pp. 10401–10412.","chicago":"Träuble, Frederik, Elliot Creager, Niki Kilbertus, Francesco Locatello, Andrea Dittadi, Anirudh Goyal, Bernhard Schölkopf, and Stefan Bauer. “On Disentangled Representations Learned from Correlated Data.” In <i>Proceedings of the 38th International Conference on Machine Learning</i>, 139:10401–12. ML Research Press, 2021.","apa":"Träuble, F., Creager, E., Kilbertus, N., Locatello, F., Dittadi, A., Goyal, A., … Bauer, S. (2021). On disentangled representations learned from correlated data. In <i>Proceedings of the 38th International Conference on Machine Learning</i> (Vol. 139, pp. 10401–10412). Virtual: ML Research Press."},"external_id":{"arxiv":["2006.07886"]},"status":"public","oa":1,"date_created":"2023-08-22T14:03:47Z","oa_version":"Published Version","publisher":"ML Research Press","publication":"Proceedings of the 38th International Conference on Machine Learning","department":[{"_id":"FrLo"}],"title":"On disentangled representations learned from correlated data","extern":"1","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"The focus of disentanglement approaches has been on identifying independent factors of variation in data. However, the causal variables underlying real-world observations are often not statistically independent. In this work, we bridge the gap to real-world scenarios by analyzing the behavior of the most prominent disentanglement approaches on correlated data in a large-scale empirical study (including 4260 models). We show and quantify that systematically induced correlations in the dataset are being learned and reflected in the latent representations, which has implications for downstream applications of disentanglement such as fairness. We also demonstrate how to resolve these latent correlations, either using weak supervision during\r\ntraining or by post-hoc correcting a pre-trained model with a small number of labels."}],"arxiv":1,"publication_status":"published","main_file_link":[{"open_access":"1","url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2006.07886"}],"intvolume":"       139","month":"08","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"day":"01","conference":{"location":"Virtual","start_date":"2021-07-18","name":"ICML: International Conference on Machine Learning","end_date":"2021-07-24"},"quality_controlled":"1","scopus_import":"1","article_processing_charge":"No","alternative_title":["PMLR"],"date_updated":"2023-09-11T10:18:48Z","date_published":"2021-08-01T00:00:00Z","author":[{"full_name":"Träuble, Frederik","last_name":"Träuble","first_name":"Frederik"},{"full_name":"Creager, Elliot","last_name":"Creager","first_name":"Elliot"},{"first_name":"Niki","last_name":"Kilbertus","full_name":"Kilbertus, Niki"},{"first_name":"Francesco","last_name":"Locatello","orcid":"0000-0002-4850-0683","full_name":"Locatello, Francesco","id":"26cfd52f-2483-11ee-8040-88983bcc06d4"},{"last_name":"Dittadi","first_name":"Andrea","full_name":"Dittadi, Andrea"},{"full_name":"Goyal, Anirudh","first_name":"Anirudh","last_name":"Goyal"},{"full_name":"Schölkopf, Bernhard","first_name":"Bernhard","last_name":"Schölkopf"},{"first_name":"Stefan","last_name":"Bauer","full_name":"Bauer, Stefan"}]},{"publication":"The Ninth International Conference on Learning Representations","title":"On the transfer of disentangled representations in realistic settings","department":[{"_id":"FrLo"}],"conference":{"name":"ICLR: International Conference on Learning Representations","end_date":"2021-05-07","location":"Virtual","start_date":"2021-05-03"},"date_created":"2023-08-22T14:04:16Z","oa_version":"Preprint","date_published":"2021-05-04T00:00:00Z","author":[{"last_name":"Dittadi","first_name":"Andrea","full_name":"Dittadi, Andrea"},{"full_name":"Träuble, Frederik","first_name":"Frederik","last_name":"Träuble"},{"orcid":"0000-0002-4850-0683","last_name":"Locatello","first_name":"Francesco","id":"26cfd52f-2483-11ee-8040-88983bcc06d4","full_name":"Locatello, Francesco"},{"first_name":"Manuel","last_name":"Wüthrich","full_name":"Wüthrich, Manuel"},{"first_name":"Vaibhav","last_name":"Agrawal","full_name":"Agrawal, Vaibhav"},{"full_name":"Winther, Ole","first_name":"Ole","last_name":"Winther"},{"first_name":"Stefan","last_name":"Bauer","full_name":"Bauer, Stefan"},{"full_name":"Schölkopf, Bernhard","last_name":"Schölkopf","first_name":"Bernhard"}],"arxiv":1,"article_processing_charge":"No","date_updated":"2023-09-11T10:55:30Z","abstract":[{"text":"Learning meaningful representations that disentangle the underlying structure of the data generating process is considered to be of key importance in machine learning. While disentangled representations were found to be useful for diverse tasks such as abstract reasoning and fair classification, their scalability and real-world impact remain questionable. We introduce a new high-resolution dataset with 1M simulated images and over 1,800 annotated real-world images of the same setup. In contrast to previous work, this new dataset exhibits correlations, a complex underlying structure, and allows to evaluate transfer to unseen simulated and real-world settings where the encoder i) remains in distribution or ii) is out of distribution. We propose new architectures in order to scale disentangled representation learning to realistic high-resolution settings and conduct a large-scale empirical study of disentangled representations on this dataset. We observe that disentanglement is a good predictor for out-of-distribution (OOD) task performance.","lang":"eng"}],"quality_controlled":"1","extern":"1","user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","type":"conference","_id":"14178","main_file_link":[{"url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2010.14407","open_access":"1"}],"year":"2021","publication_status":"published","status":"public","oa":1,"external_id":{"arxiv":["2010.14407"]},"day":"04","citation":{"ama":"Dittadi A, Träuble F, Locatello F, et al. On the transfer of disentangled representations in realistic settings. In: <i>The Ninth International Conference on Learning Representations</i>. ; 2021.","short":"A. Dittadi, F. Träuble, F. Locatello, M. Wüthrich, V. Agrawal, O. Winther, S. Bauer, B. Schölkopf, in:, The Ninth International Conference on Learning Representations, 2021.","ista":"Dittadi A, Träuble F, Locatello F, Wüthrich M, Agrawal V, Winther O, Bauer S, Schölkopf B. 2021. On the transfer of disentangled representations in realistic settings. The Ninth International Conference on Learning Representations. ICLR: International Conference on Learning Representations.","mla":"Dittadi, Andrea, et al. “On the Transfer of Disentangled Representations in Realistic Settings.” <i>The Ninth International Conference on Learning Representations</i>, 2021.","chicago":"Dittadi, Andrea, Frederik Träuble, Francesco Locatello, Manuel Wüthrich, Vaibhav Agrawal, Ole Winther, Stefan Bauer, and Bernhard Schölkopf. “On the Transfer of Disentangled Representations in Realistic Settings.” In <i>The Ninth International Conference on Learning Representations</i>, 2021.","ieee":"A. Dittadi <i>et al.</i>, “On the transfer of disentangled representations in realistic settings,” in <i>The Ninth International Conference on Learning Representations</i>, Virtual, 2021.","apa":"Dittadi, A., Träuble, F., Locatello, F., Wüthrich, M., Agrawal, V., Winther, O., … Schölkopf, B. (2021). On the transfer of disentangled representations in realistic settings. In <i>The Ninth International Conference on Learning Representations</i>. Virtual."},"month":"05","language":[{"iso":"eng"}]},{"date_created":"2023-08-22T14:04:36Z","oa_version":"Preprint","publication":"Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems","title":"Self-supervised learning with data augmentations provably isolates content from style","department":[{"_id":"FrLo"}],"abstract":[{"text":"Self-supervised representation learning has shown remarkable success in a number of domains. A common practice is to perform data augmentation via hand-crafted transformations intended to leave the semantics of the data invariant. We seek to understand the empirical success of this approach from a theoretical perspective. We formulate the augmentation process as a latent variable model by postulating a partition of the latent representation into a content component, which is assumed invariant to augmentation, and a style component, which is allowed to change. Unlike prior work on disentanglement and independent component analysis, we allow for both nontrivial statistical and causal dependencies in the latent space. We study the identifiability of the latent representation based on pairs of views of the observations and prove sufficient conditions that allow us to identify the invariant content partition up to an invertible mapping in both generative and discriminative settings. We find numerical simulations with dependent latent variables are consistent with our theory. Lastly, we introduce Causal3DIdent, a dataset of high-dimensional, visually complex images with rich causal dependencies, which we use to study the effect of data augmentations performed in practice.","lang":"eng"}],"extern":"1","arxiv":1,"_id":"14179","year":"2021","volume":34,"page":"16451-16467","user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","type":"conference","citation":{"apa":"Kügelgen, J. von, Sharma, Y., Gresele, L., Brendel, W., Schölkopf, B., Besserve, M., &#38; Locatello, F. (2021). Self-supervised learning with data augmentations provably isolates content from style. In <i>Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems</i> (Vol. 34, pp. 16451–16467). Virtual.","chicago":"Kügelgen, Julius von, Yash Sharma, Luigi Gresele, Wieland Brendel, Bernhard Schölkopf, Michel Besserve, and Francesco Locatello. “Self-Supervised Learning with Data Augmentations Provably Isolates Content from Style.” In <i>Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems</i>, 34:16451–67, 2021.","ieee":"J. von Kügelgen <i>et al.</i>, “Self-supervised learning with data augmentations provably isolates content from style,” in <i>Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems</i>, Virtual, 2021, vol. 34, pp. 16451–16467.","short":"J. von Kügelgen, Y. Sharma, L. Gresele, W. Brendel, B. Schölkopf, M. Besserve, F. Locatello, in:, Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems, 2021, pp. 16451–16467.","mla":"Kügelgen, Julius von, et al. “Self-Supervised Learning with Data Augmentations Provably Isolates Content from Style.” <i>Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems</i>, vol. 34, 2021, pp. 16451–67.","ista":"Kügelgen J von, Sharma Y, Gresele L, Brendel W, Schölkopf B, Besserve M, Locatello F. 2021. Self-supervised learning with data augmentations provably isolates content from style. Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems. NeurIPS: Neural Information Processing Systems vol. 34, 16451–16467.","ama":"Kügelgen J von, Sharma Y, Gresele L, et al. Self-supervised learning with data augmentations provably isolates content from style. In: <i>Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems</i>. Vol 34. ; 2021:16451-16467."},"publication_identifier":{"isbn":["9781713845393"]},"status":"public","oa":1,"external_id":{"arxiv":["2106.04619"]},"conference":{"end_date":"2021-12-10","name":"NeurIPS: Neural Information Processing Systems","start_date":"2021-12-07","location":"Virtual"},"quality_controlled":"1","author":[{"full_name":"Kügelgen, Julius von","last_name":"Kügelgen","first_name":"Julius von"},{"full_name":"Sharma, Yash","first_name":"Yash","last_name":"Sharma"},{"full_name":"Gresele, Luigi","last_name":"Gresele","first_name":"Luigi"},{"full_name":"Brendel, Wieland","last_name":"Brendel","first_name":"Wieland"},{"last_name":"Schölkopf","first_name":"Bernhard","full_name":"Schölkopf, Bernhard"},{"first_name":"Michel","last_name":"Besserve","full_name":"Besserve, Michel"},{"id":"26cfd52f-2483-11ee-8040-88983bcc06d4","full_name":"Locatello, Francesco","orcid":"0000-0002-4850-0683","last_name":"Locatello","first_name":"Francesco"}],"date_published":"2021-06-08T00:00:00Z","article_processing_charge":"No","date_updated":"2023-09-11T10:33:19Z","main_file_link":[{"open_access":"1","url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2106.04619"}],"intvolume":"        34","publication_status":"published","month":"06","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"day":"08"},{"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"month":"10","day":"12","publication_status":"published","main_file_link":[{"url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2110.06399","open_access":"1"}],"intvolume":"        34","quality_controlled":"1","date_updated":"2023-09-11T11:33:46Z","article_processing_charge":"No","date_published":"2021-10-12T00:00:00Z","author":[{"full_name":"Rahaman, Nasim","first_name":"Nasim","last_name":"Rahaman"},{"full_name":"Gondal, Muhammad Waleed","first_name":"Muhammad Waleed","last_name":"Gondal"},{"last_name":"Joshi","first_name":"Shruti","full_name":"Joshi, Shruti"},{"first_name":"Peter","last_name":"Gehler","full_name":"Gehler, Peter"},{"first_name":"Yoshua","last_name":"Bengio","full_name":"Bengio, Yoshua"},{"id":"26cfd52f-2483-11ee-8040-88983bcc06d4","full_name":"Locatello, Francesco","last_name":"Locatello","orcid":"0000-0002-4850-0683","first_name":"Francesco"},{"first_name":"Bernhard","last_name":"Schölkopf","full_name":"Schölkopf, Bernhard"}],"conference":{"name":"NeurIPS: Neural Information Processing Systems","end_date":"2021-12-10","location":"Virtual","start_date":"2021-12-07"},"publication_identifier":{"isbn":["9781713845393"]},"citation":{"ista":"Rahaman N, Gondal MW, Joshi S, Gehler P, Bengio Y, Locatello F, Schölkopf B. 2021. Dynamic inference with neural interpreters. Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems. NeurIPS: Neural Information Processing Systems vol. 34, 10985–10998.","short":"N. Rahaman, M.W. Gondal, S. Joshi, P. Gehler, Y. Bengio, F. Locatello, B. Schölkopf, in:, Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems, 2021, pp. 10985–10998.","mla":"Rahaman, Nasim, et al. “Dynamic Inference with Neural Interpreters.” <i>Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems</i>, vol. 34, 2021, pp. 10985–98.","ama":"Rahaman N, Gondal MW, Joshi S, et al. Dynamic inference with neural interpreters. In: <i>Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems</i>. Vol 34. ; 2021:10985-10998.","apa":"Rahaman, N., Gondal, M. W., Joshi, S., Gehler, P., Bengio, Y., Locatello, F., &#38; Schölkopf, B. (2021). Dynamic inference with neural interpreters. In <i>Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems</i> (Vol. 34, pp. 10985–10998). Virtual.","chicago":"Rahaman, Nasim, Muhammad Waleed Gondal, Shruti Joshi, Peter Gehler, Yoshua Bengio, Francesco Locatello, and Bernhard Schölkopf. “Dynamic Inference with Neural Interpreters.” In <i>Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems</i>, 34:10985–98, 2021.","ieee":"N. Rahaman <i>et al.</i>, “Dynamic inference with neural interpreters,” in <i>Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems</i>, Virtual, 2021, vol. 34, pp. 10985–10998."},"external_id":{"arxiv":["2110.06399"]},"status":"public","oa":1,"year":"2021","_id":"14180","type":"conference","user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","page":"10985-10998","volume":34,"extern":"1","abstract":[{"text":"Modern neural network architectures can leverage large amounts of data to generalize well within the training distribution. However, they are less capable of systematic generalization to data drawn from unseen but related distributions, a feat that is hypothesized to require compositional reasoning and reuse of knowledge. In this work, we present Neural Interpreters, an architecture that factorizes inference in a self-attention network as a system of modules, which we call \\emph{functions}. Inputs to the model are routed through a sequence of functions in a way that is end-to-end learned. The proposed architecture can flexibly compose computation along width and depth, and lends itself well to capacity extension after training. To demonstrate the versatility of Neural Interpreters, we evaluate it in two distinct settings: image classification and visual abstract reasoning on Raven Progressive Matrices. In the former, we show that Neural Interpreters perform on par with the vision transformer using fewer parameters, while being transferrable to a new task in a sample efficient manner. In the latter, we find that Neural Interpreters are competitive with respect to the state-of-the-art in terms of systematic generalization. ","lang":"eng"}],"arxiv":1,"oa_version":"Preprint","date_created":"2023-08-22T14:04:55Z","department":[{"_id":"FrLo"}],"title":"Dynamic inference with neural interpreters","publication":"Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems"},{"day":"19","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"month":"05","publication_status":"published","main_file_link":[{"open_access":"1","url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2105.09240"}],"date_updated":"2023-09-11T11:14:30Z","doi":"10.24963/ijcai.2021/322","article_processing_charge":"No","date_published":"2021-05-19T00:00:00Z","author":[{"full_name":"Dresdner, Gideon","last_name":"Dresdner","first_name":"Gideon"},{"first_name":"Saurav","last_name":"Shekhar","full_name":"Shekhar, Saurav"},{"last_name":"Pedregosa","first_name":"Fabian","full_name":"Pedregosa, Fabian"},{"full_name":"Locatello, Francesco","id":"26cfd52f-2483-11ee-8040-88983bcc06d4","first_name":"Francesco","last_name":"Locatello","orcid":"0000-0002-4850-0683"},{"last_name":"Rätsch","first_name":"Gunnar","full_name":"Rätsch, Gunnar"}],"quality_controlled":"1","conference":{"location":"Montreal, Canada","start_date":"2021-08-19","name":"IJCAI: International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence","end_date":"2021-08-27"},"external_id":{"arxiv":["2105.09240"]},"oa":1,"status":"public","publication_identifier":{"eisbn":["9780999241196"]},"citation":{"ama":"Dresdner G, Shekhar S, Pedregosa F, Locatello F, Rätsch G. Boosting variational inference with locally adaptive step-sizes. In: <i>Proceedings of the Thirtieth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence</i>. International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence; 2021:2337-2343. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2021/322\">10.24963/ijcai.2021/322</a>","short":"G. Dresdner, S. Shekhar, F. Pedregosa, F. Locatello, G. Rätsch, in:, Proceedings of the Thirtieth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence, International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence, 2021, pp. 2337–2343.","mla":"Dresdner, Gideon, et al. “Boosting Variational Inference with Locally Adaptive Step-Sizes.” <i>Proceedings of the Thirtieth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence</i>, International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence, 2021, pp. 2337–43, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2021/322\">10.24963/ijcai.2021/322</a>.","ista":"Dresdner G, Shekhar S, Pedregosa F, Locatello F, Rätsch G. 2021. Boosting variational inference with locally adaptive step-sizes. Proceedings of the Thirtieth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence. IJCAI: International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence, 2337–2343.","chicago":"Dresdner, Gideon, Saurav Shekhar, Fabian Pedregosa, Francesco Locatello, and Gunnar Rätsch. “Boosting Variational Inference with Locally Adaptive Step-Sizes.” In <i>Proceedings of the Thirtieth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence</i>, 2337–43. International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence, 2021. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2021/322\">https://doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2021/322</a>.","ieee":"G. Dresdner, S. Shekhar, F. Pedregosa, F. Locatello, and G. Rätsch, “Boosting variational inference with locally adaptive step-sizes,” in <i>Proceedings of the Thirtieth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence</i>, Montreal, Canada, 2021, pp. 2337–2343.","apa":"Dresdner, G., Shekhar, S., Pedregosa, F., Locatello, F., &#38; Rätsch, G. (2021). Boosting variational inference with locally adaptive step-sizes. In <i>Proceedings of the Thirtieth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence</i> (pp. 2337–2343). Montreal, Canada: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2021/322\">https://doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2021/322</a>"},"type":"conference","user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","page":"2337-2343","year":"2021","_id":"14181","arxiv":1,"extern":"1","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"Variational Inference makes a trade-off between the capacity of the variational family and the tractability of finding an approximate posterior distribution. Instead, Boosting Variational Inference allows practitioners to obtain increasingly good posterior approximations by spending more compute. The main obstacle to widespread adoption of Boosting Variational Inference is the amount of resources necessary to improve over a strong Variational Inference baseline. In our work, we trace this limitation back to the global curvature of the KL-divergence. We characterize how the global curvature impacts time and memory consumption, address the problem with the notion of local curvature, and provide a novel approximate backtracking algorithm for estimating local curvature. We give new theoretical convergence rates for our algorithms and provide experimental validation on synthetic and real-world datasets."}],"publisher":"International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence","title":"Boosting variational inference with locally adaptive step-sizes","department":[{"_id":"FrLo"}],"publication":"Proceedings of the Thirtieth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence","oa_version":"Published Version","date_created":"2023-08-22T14:05:14Z"},{"date_published":"2021-07-02T00:00:00Z","author":[{"full_name":"Träuble, Frederik","first_name":"Frederik","last_name":"Träuble"},{"full_name":"Kügelgen, Julius von","first_name":"Julius von","last_name":"Kügelgen"},{"full_name":"Kleindessner, Matthäus","first_name":"Matthäus","last_name":"Kleindessner"},{"last_name":"Locatello","orcid":"0000-0002-4850-0683","first_name":"Francesco","id":"26cfd52f-2483-11ee-8040-88983bcc06d4","full_name":"Locatello, Francesco"},{"last_name":"Schölkopf","first_name":"Bernhard","full_name":"Schölkopf, Bernhard"},{"first_name":"Peter","last_name":"Gehler","full_name":"Gehler, Peter"}],"date_updated":"2023-09-11T11:31:59Z","article_processing_charge":"No","quality_controlled":"1","conference":{"name":"NeurIPS: Neural Information Processing Systems","end_date":"2021-12-10","location":"Virtual","start_date":"2021-12-07"},"day":"02","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"month":"07","intvolume":"        34","main_file_link":[{"url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2107.01057","open_access":"1"}],"publication_status":"published","arxiv":1,"abstract":[{"text":"When machine learning systems meet real world applications, accuracy is only\r\none of several requirements. In this paper, we assay a complementary\r\nperspective originating from the increasing availability of pre-trained and\r\nregularly improving state-of-the-art models. While new improved models develop\r\nat a fast pace, downstream tasks vary more slowly or stay constant. Assume that\r\nwe have a large unlabelled data set for which we want to maintain accurate\r\npredictions. Whenever a new and presumably better ML models becomes available,\r\nwe encounter two problems: (i) given a limited budget, which data points should\r\nbe re-evaluated using the new model?; and (ii) if the new predictions differ\r\nfrom the current ones, should we update? Problem (i) is about compute cost,\r\nwhich matters for very large data sets and models. Problem (ii) is about\r\nmaintaining consistency of the predictions, which can be highly relevant for\r\ndownstream applications; our demand is to avoid negative flips, i.e., changing\r\ncorrect to incorrect predictions. In this paper, we formalize the Prediction\r\nUpdate Problem and present an efficient probabilistic approach as answer to the\r\nabove questions. In extensive experiments on standard classification benchmark\r\ndata sets, we show that our method outperforms alternative strategies along key\r\nmetrics for backward-compatible prediction updates.","lang":"eng"}],"extern":"1","title":"Backward-compatible prediction updates: A probabilistic approach","department":[{"_id":"FrLo"}],"publication":"35th Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems","oa_version":"Preprint","date_created":"2023-08-22T14:05:41Z","oa":1,"status":"public","external_id":{"arxiv":["2107.01057"]},"citation":{"apa":"Träuble, F., Kügelgen, J. von, Kleindessner, M., Locatello, F., Schölkopf, B., &#38; Gehler, P. (2021). Backward-compatible prediction updates: A probabilistic approach. In <i>35th Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems</i> (Vol. 34, pp. 116–128). Virtual.","ieee":"F. Träuble, J. von Kügelgen, M. Kleindessner, F. Locatello, B. Schölkopf, and P. Gehler, “Backward-compatible prediction updates: A probabilistic approach,” in <i>35th Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems</i>, Virtual, 2021, vol. 34, pp. 116–128.","chicago":"Träuble, Frederik, Julius von Kügelgen, Matthäus Kleindessner, Francesco Locatello, Bernhard Schölkopf, and Peter Gehler. “Backward-Compatible Prediction Updates: A Probabilistic Approach.” In <i>35th Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems</i>, 34:116–28, 2021.","short":"F. Träuble, J. von Kügelgen, M. Kleindessner, F. Locatello, B. Schölkopf, P. Gehler, in:, 35th Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems, 2021, pp. 116–128.","ista":"Träuble F, Kügelgen J von, Kleindessner M, Locatello F, Schölkopf B, Gehler P. 2021. Backward-compatible prediction updates: A probabilistic approach. 35th Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems. NeurIPS: Neural Information Processing Systems vol. 34, 116–128.","mla":"Träuble, Frederik, et al. “Backward-Compatible Prediction Updates: A Probabilistic Approach.” <i>35th Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems</i>, vol. 34, 2021, pp. 116–28.","ama":"Träuble F, Kügelgen J von, Kleindessner M, Locatello F, Schölkopf B, Gehler P. Backward-compatible prediction updates: A probabilistic approach. In: <i>35th Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems</i>. Vol 34. ; 2021:116-128."},"publication_identifier":{"isbn":["9781713845393"]},"page":"116-128","volume":34,"type":"conference","user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","_id":"14182","year":"2021"},{"date_created":"2023-08-22T14:23:35Z","oa_version":"Preprint","publication":"arXiv","department":[{"_id":"FrLo"}],"title":"Enforcing and discovering structure in machine learning","article_number":"2111.13693","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"The world is structured in countless ways. It may be prudent to enforce corresponding structural properties to a learning algorithm's solution, such as incorporating prior beliefs, natural constraints, or causal structures. Doing so may translate to faster, more accurate, and more flexible models, which may directly relate to real-world impact. In this dissertation, we consider two different research areas that concern structuring a learning algorithm's solution: when the structure is known and when it has to be discovered."}],"extern":"1","author":[{"last_name":"Locatello","orcid":"0000-0002-4850-0683","first_name":"Francesco","id":"26cfd52f-2483-11ee-8040-88983bcc06d4","full_name":"Locatello, Francesco"}],"date_published":"2021-11-26T00:00:00Z","arxiv":1,"article_processing_charge":"No","doi":"10.48550/arXiv.2111.13693","date_updated":"2023-09-12T07:04:44Z","_id":"14221","main_file_link":[{"open_access":"1","url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2111.13693"}],"year":"2021","publication_status":"submitted","user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","type":"preprint","citation":{"apa":"Locatello, F. (n.d.). Enforcing and discovering structure in machine learning. <i>arXiv</i>. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2111.13693\">https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2111.13693</a>","ieee":"F. Locatello, “Enforcing and discovering structure in machine learning,” <i>arXiv</i>. .","chicago":"Locatello, Francesco. “Enforcing and Discovering Structure in Machine Learning.” <i>ArXiv</i>, n.d. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2111.13693\">https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2111.13693</a>.","short":"F. Locatello, ArXiv (n.d.).","mla":"Locatello, Francesco. “Enforcing and Discovering Structure in Machine Learning.” <i>ArXiv</i>, 2111.13693, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2111.13693\">10.48550/arXiv.2111.13693</a>.","ista":"Locatello F. Enforcing and discovering structure in machine learning. arXiv, 2111.13693.","ama":"Locatello F. Enforcing and discovering structure in machine learning. <i>arXiv</i>. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2111.13693\">10.48550/arXiv.2111.13693</a>"},"month":"11","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"status":"public","oa":1,"external_id":{"arxiv":["2111.13693"]},"day":"26"},{"status":"public","oa":1,"day":"23","external_id":{"arxiv":["2111.12171"]},"citation":{"ama":"Koval I. Local strong Birkhoff conjecture and local spectral rigidity of almost every ellipse. <i>arXiv</i>. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.48550/ARXIV.2111.12171\">10.48550/ARXIV.2111.12171</a>","mla":"Koval, Illya. “Local Strong Birkhoff Conjecture and Local Spectral Rigidity of Almost Every Ellipse.” <i>ArXiv</i>, 2111.12171, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.48550/ARXIV.2111.12171\">10.48550/ARXIV.2111.12171</a>.","short":"I. Koval, ArXiv (n.d.).","ista":"Koval I. Local strong Birkhoff conjecture and local spectral rigidity of almost every ellipse. arXiv, 2111.12171.","ieee":"I. Koval, “Local strong Birkhoff conjecture and local spectral rigidity of almost every ellipse,” <i>arXiv</i>. .","chicago":"Koval, Illya. “Local Strong Birkhoff Conjecture and Local Spectral Rigidity of Almost Every Ellipse.” <i>ArXiv</i>, n.d. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.48550/ARXIV.2111.12171\">https://doi.org/10.48550/ARXIV.2111.12171</a>.","apa":"Koval, I. (n.d.). Local strong Birkhoff conjecture and local spectral rigidity of almost every ellipse. <i>arXiv</i>. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.48550/ARXIV.2111.12171\">https://doi.org/10.48550/ARXIV.2111.12171</a>"},"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"month":"11","type":"preprint","user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","_id":"14278","main_file_link":[{"url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2111.12171","open_access":"1"}],"publication_status":"submitted","year":"2021","arxiv":1,"author":[{"full_name":"Koval, Illya","id":"2eed1f3b-896a-11ed-bdf8-93c7c4bf159e","first_name":"Illya","last_name":"Koval"}],"date_published":"2021-11-23T00:00:00Z","doi":"10.48550/ARXIV.2111.12171","date_updated":"2023-09-15T06:44:00Z","article_processing_charge":"No","abstract":[{"text":"The Birkhoff conjecture says that the boundary of a strictly convex integrable billiard table is necessarily an ellipse. In this article, we consider a stronger notion of integrability, namely, integrability close to the boundary, and prove a local version of this conjecture: a small perturbation of almost every ellipse that preserves integrability near the boundary, is itself an ellipse. We apply this result to study local spectral rigidity of ellipses using the connection between the wave trace of the Laplacian and the dynamics near the boundary and establish rigidity for almost all of them.","lang":"eng"}],"department":[{"_id":"GradSch"}],"title":"Local strong Birkhoff conjecture and local spectral rigidity of almost every ellipse","publication":"arXiv","article_number":"2111.12171","oa_version":"Preprint","date_created":"2023-09-06T08:35:43Z"},{"publisher":"IEEE","department":[{"_id":"MaMo"}],"title":"Binary linear codes with optimal scaling: Polar codes with large kernels","publication":"IEEE Transactions on Information Theory","oa_version":"Preprint","date_created":"2021-01-10T23:01:18Z","arxiv":1,"abstract":[{"text":" We prove that, for the binary erasure channel (BEC), the polar-coding paradigm gives rise to codes that not only approach the Shannon limit but do so under the best possible scaling of their block length as a function of the gap to capacity. This result exhibits the first known family of binary codes that attain both optimal scaling and quasi-linear complexity of encoding and decoding. Our proof is based on the construction and analysis of binary polar codes with large kernels. When communicating reliably at rates within ε>0 of capacity, the code length n often scales as O(1/εμ), where the constant μ is called the scaling exponent. It is known that the optimal scaling exponent is μ=2, and it is achieved by random linear codes. The scaling exponent of conventional polar codes (based on the 2×2 kernel) on the BEC is μ=3.63. This falls far short of the optimal scaling guaranteed by random codes. Our main contribution is a rigorous proof of the following result: for the BEC, there exist ℓ×ℓ binary kernels, such that polar codes constructed from these kernels achieve scaling exponent μ(ℓ) that tends to the optimal value of 2 as ℓ grows. We furthermore characterize precisely how large ℓ needs to be as a function of the gap between μ(ℓ) and 2. The resulting binary codes maintain the recursive structure of conventional polar codes, and thereby achieve construction complexity O(n) and encoding/decoding complexity O(nlogn).","lang":"eng"}],"type":"journal_article","user_id":"3E5EF7F0-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","page":"5693-5710","volume":67,"year":"2021","_id":"9002","article_type":"original","external_id":{"arxiv":["1711.01339"]},"issue":"9","status":"public","publication_identifier":{"issn":["0018-9448"],"eissn":["1557-9654"]},"citation":{"mla":"Fazeli, Arman, et al. “Binary Linear Codes with Optimal Scaling: Polar Codes with Large Kernels.” <i>IEEE Transactions on Information Theory</i>, vol. 67, no. 9, IEEE, 2021, pp. 5693–710, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1109/TIT.2020.3038806\">10.1109/TIT.2020.3038806</a>.","ista":"Fazeli A, Hassani H, Mondelli M, Vardy A. 2021. Binary linear codes with optimal scaling: Polar codes with large kernels. IEEE Transactions on Information Theory. 67(9), 5693–5710.","short":"A. Fazeli, H. Hassani, M. Mondelli, A. Vardy, IEEE Transactions on Information Theory 67 (2021) 5693–5710.","ama":"Fazeli A, Hassani H, Mondelli M, Vardy A. Binary linear codes with optimal scaling: Polar codes with large kernels. <i>IEEE Transactions on Information Theory</i>. 2021;67(9):5693-5710. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1109/TIT.2020.3038806\">10.1109/TIT.2020.3038806</a>","apa":"Fazeli, A., Hassani, H., Mondelli, M., &#38; Vardy, A. (2021). Binary linear codes with optimal scaling: Polar codes with large kernels. <i>IEEE Transactions on Information Theory</i>. IEEE. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1109/TIT.2020.3038806\">https://doi.org/10.1109/TIT.2020.3038806</a>","chicago":"Fazeli, Arman, Hamed Hassani, Marco Mondelli, and Alexander Vardy. “Binary Linear Codes with Optimal Scaling: Polar Codes with Large Kernels.” <i>IEEE Transactions on Information Theory</i>. IEEE, 2021. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1109/TIT.2020.3038806\">https://doi.org/10.1109/TIT.2020.3038806</a>.","ieee":"A. Fazeli, H. Hassani, M. Mondelli, and A. Vardy, “Binary linear codes with optimal scaling: Polar codes with large kernels,” <i>IEEE Transactions on Information Theory</i>, vol. 67, no. 9. IEEE, pp. 5693–5710, 2021."},"related_material":{"record":[{"status":"public","relation":"earlier_version","id":"6665"}]},"date_updated":"2024-03-07T12:18:50Z","doi":"10.1109/TIT.2020.3038806","article_processing_charge":"No","date_published":"2021-09-01T00:00:00Z","author":[{"last_name":"Fazeli","first_name":"Arman","full_name":"Fazeli, Arman"},{"full_name":"Hassani, Hamed","first_name":"Hamed","last_name":"Hassani"},{"full_name":"Mondelli, Marco","id":"27EB676C-8706-11E9-9510-7717E6697425","first_name":"Marco","orcid":"0000-0002-3242-7020","last_name":"Mondelli"},{"full_name":"Vardy, Alexander","last_name":"Vardy","first_name":"Alexander"}],"quality_controlled":"1","scopus_import":"1","publication_status":"published","intvolume":"        67","day":"01","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"month":"09"},{"external_id":{"arxiv":["2009.05948"],"isi":["000606325000003"]},"article_type":"original","issue":"1","acknowledgement":"We are grateful to A. Ghazaryan for valuable discussions and also thank the anonymous referees for comments. D.L. acknowledges financial support from the G¨oran Gustafsson Foundation (grant no. 1804) and LMU Munich. M.L. gratefully acknowledges financial support\r\nby the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (grant agreements No 801770).","status":"public","oa":1,"publication_identifier":{"issn":["00319007"],"eissn":["10797114"]},"citation":{"mla":"Brooks, Morris, et al. “Molecular Impurities as a Realization of Anyons on the Two-Sphere.” <i>Physical Review Letters</i>, vol. 126, no. 1, 015301, American Physical Society, 2021, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.126.015301\">10.1103/PhysRevLett.126.015301</a>.","ista":"Brooks M, Lemeshko M, Lundholm D, Yakaboylu E. 2021. Molecular impurities as a realization of anyons on the two-sphere. Physical Review Letters. 126(1), 015301.","short":"M. Brooks, M. Lemeshko, D. Lundholm, E. Yakaboylu, Physical Review Letters 126 (2021).","ama":"Brooks M, Lemeshko M, Lundholm D, Yakaboylu E. Molecular impurities as a realization of anyons on the two-sphere. <i>Physical Review Letters</i>. 2021;126(1). doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.126.015301\">10.1103/PhysRevLett.126.015301</a>","apa":"Brooks, M., Lemeshko, M., Lundholm, D., &#38; Yakaboylu, E. (2021). Molecular impurities as a realization of anyons on the two-sphere. <i>Physical Review Letters</i>. American Physical Society. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.126.015301\">https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.126.015301</a>","ieee":"M. Brooks, M. Lemeshko, D. Lundholm, and E. Yakaboylu, “Molecular impurities as a realization of anyons on the two-sphere,” <i>Physical Review Letters</i>, vol. 126, no. 1. American Physical Society, 2021.","chicago":"Brooks, Morris, Mikhail Lemeshko, D. Lundholm, and Enderalp Yakaboylu. “Molecular Impurities as a Realization of Anyons on the Two-Sphere.” <i>Physical Review Letters</i>. American Physical Society, 2021. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.126.015301\">https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.126.015301</a>."},"type":"journal_article","user_id":"4359f0d1-fa6c-11eb-b949-802e58b17ae8","volume":126,"year":"2021","_id":"9005","arxiv":1,"abstract":[{"text":"Studies on the experimental realization of two-dimensional anyons in terms of quasiparticles have been restricted, so far, to only anyons on the plane. It is known, however, that the geometry and topology of space can have significant effects on quantum statistics for particles moving on it. Here, we have undertaken the first step toward realizing the emerging fractional statistics for particles restricted to move on the sphere instead of on the plane. We show that such a model arises naturally in the context of quantum impurity problems. In particular, we demonstrate a setup in which the lowest-energy spectrum of two linear bosonic or fermionic molecules immersed in a quantum many-particle environment can coincide with the anyonic spectrum on the sphere. This paves the way toward the experimental realization of anyons on the sphere using molecular impurities. Furthermore, since a change in the alignment of the molecules corresponds to the exchange of the particles on the sphere, such a realization reveals a novel type of exclusion principle for molecular impurities, which could also be of use as a powerful technique to measure the statistics parameter. Finally, our approach opens up a simple numerical route to investigate the spectra of many anyons on the sphere. Accordingly, we present the spectrum of two anyons on the sphere in the presence of a Dirac monopole field.","lang":"eng"}],"publisher":"American Physical Society","title":"Molecular impurities as a realization of anyons on the two-sphere","department":[{"_id":"MiLe"},{"_id":"RoSe"}],"publication":"Physical Review Letters","oa_version":"Preprint","date_created":"2021-01-17T23:01:10Z","ec_funded":1,"day":"08","project":[{"call_identifier":"H2020","_id":"2688CF98-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425","grant_number":"801770","name":"Angulon: physics and applications of a new quasiparticle"}],"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"isi":1,"month":"01","publication_status":"published","main_file_link":[{"open_access":"1","url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2009.05948"}],"intvolume":"       126","doi":"10.1103/PhysRevLett.126.015301","related_material":{"link":[{"url":"https://ist.ac.at/en/news/dancing-molecules-and-two-dimensional-particles/","description":"News on IST Homepage","relation":"press_release"}],"record":[{"id":"12390","relation":"dissertation_contains","status":"public"}]},"date_updated":"2023-08-07T13:32:10Z","article_processing_charge":"No","date_published":"2021-01-08T00:00:00Z","author":[{"full_name":"Brooks, Morris","id":"B7ECF9FC-AA38-11E9-AC9A-0930E6697425","first_name":"Morris","last_name":"Brooks","orcid":"0000-0002-6249-0928"},{"first_name":"Mikhail","orcid":"0000-0002-6990-7802","last_name":"Lemeshko","full_name":"Lemeshko, Mikhail","id":"37CB05FA-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87"},{"full_name":"Lundholm, D.","last_name":"Lundholm","first_name":"D."},{"last_name":"Yakaboylu","orcid":"0000-0001-5973-0874","first_name":"Enderalp","id":"38CB71F6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","full_name":"Yakaboylu, Enderalp"}],"quality_controlled":"1","scopus_import":"1","article_number":"015301"},{"related_material":{"record":[{"relation":"dissertation_contains","status":"public","id":"9623"}]},"date_updated":"2024-03-25T23:30:10Z","doi":"10.1016/j.devcel.2020.12.002","article_processing_charge":"No","author":[{"id":"40B34FE2-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","full_name":"Shamipour, Shayan","last_name":"Shamipour","first_name":"Shayan"},{"full_name":"Caballero Mancebo, Silvia","id":"2F1E1758-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","first_name":"Silvia","last_name":"Caballero Mancebo","orcid":"0000-0002-5223-3346"},{"orcid":"0000-0002-0912-4566","last_name":"Heisenberg","first_name":"Carl-Philipp J","id":"39427864-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","full_name":"Heisenberg, Carl-Philipp J"}],"date_published":"2021-01-25T00:00:00Z","quality_controlled":"1","scopus_import":"1","day":"25","pmid":1,"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"isi":1,"month":"01","publication_status":"published","intvolume":"        56","main_file_link":[{"open_access":"1","url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.devcel.2020.12.002"}],"abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"Cytoplasm is a gel-like crowded environment composed of various macromolecules, organelles, cytoskeletal networks, and cytosol. The structure of the cytoplasm is highly organized and heterogeneous due to the crowding of its constituents and their effective compartmentalization. In such an environment, the diffusive dynamics of the molecules are restricted, an effect that is further amplified by clustering and anchoring of molecules. Despite the crowded nature of the cytoplasm at the microscopic scale, large-scale reorganization of the cytoplasm is essential for important cellular functions, such as cell division and polarization. How such mesoscale reorganization of the cytoplasm is achieved, especially for large cells such as oocytes or syncytial tissues that can span hundreds of micrometers in size, is only beginning to be understood. In this review, we will discuss recent advances in elucidating the molecular, cellular, and biophysical mechanisms by which the cytoskeleton drives cytoplasmic reorganization across different scales, structures, and species."}],"publisher":"Elsevier","department":[{"_id":"CaHe"}],"title":"Cytoplasm's got moves","publication":"Developmental Cell","oa_version":"Published Version","date_created":"2021-01-17T23:01:10Z","external_id":{"pmid":["33321104"],"isi":["000613273900009"]},"article_type":"original","issue":"2","oa":1,"acknowledgement":"We would like to thank Justine Renno for illustrations and Edouard Hannezo and members of the Heisenberg group for their comments on previous versions of the manuscript.","status":"public","publication_identifier":{"eissn":["18781551"],"issn":["15345807"]},"citation":{"mla":"Shamipour, Shayan, et al. “Cytoplasm’s Got Moves.” <i>Developmental Cell</i>, vol. 56, no. 2, Elsevier, 2021, pp. P213-226, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.devcel.2020.12.002\">10.1016/j.devcel.2020.12.002</a>.","short":"S. Shamipour, S. Caballero Mancebo, C.-P.J. Heisenberg, Developmental Cell 56 (2021) P213-226.","ista":"Shamipour S, Caballero Mancebo S, Heisenberg C-PJ. 2021. Cytoplasm’s got moves. Developmental Cell. 56(2), P213-226.","ama":"Shamipour S, Caballero Mancebo S, Heisenberg C-PJ. Cytoplasm’s got moves. <i>Developmental Cell</i>. 2021;56(2):P213-226. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.devcel.2020.12.002\">10.1016/j.devcel.2020.12.002</a>","apa":"Shamipour, S., Caballero Mancebo, S., &#38; Heisenberg, C.-P. J. (2021). Cytoplasm’s got moves. <i>Developmental Cell</i>. Elsevier. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.devcel.2020.12.002\">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.devcel.2020.12.002</a>","chicago":"Shamipour, Shayan, Silvia Caballero Mancebo, and Carl-Philipp J Heisenberg. “Cytoplasm’s Got Moves.” <i>Developmental Cell</i>. Elsevier, 2021. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.devcel.2020.12.002\">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.devcel.2020.12.002</a>.","ieee":"S. Shamipour, S. Caballero Mancebo, and C.-P. J. Heisenberg, “Cytoplasm’s got moves,” <i>Developmental Cell</i>, vol. 56, no. 2. Elsevier, pp. P213-226, 2021."},"type":"journal_article","user_id":"4359f0d1-fa6c-11eb-b949-802e58b17ae8","page":"P213-226","volume":56,"year":"2021","_id":"9006"},{"publisher":"Springer Nature","publication":"Apoptosis","department":[{"_id":"SaSi"}],"title":"Characteristics of intracellular propagation of mitochondrial BAX recruitment during apoptosis","date_created":"2021-01-17T23:01:11Z","oa_version":"Submitted Version","abstract":[{"text":"Recent advancements in live cell imaging technologies have identified the phenomenon of intracellular propagation of late apoptotic events, such as cytochrome c release and caspase activation. The mechanism, prevalence, and speed of apoptosis propagation remain unclear. Additionally, no studies have demonstrated propagation of the pro-apoptotic protein, BAX. To evaluate the role of BAX in intracellular apoptotic propagation, we used high speed live-cell imaging to visualize fluorescently tagged-BAX recruitment to mitochondria in four immortalized cell lines. We show that propagation of mitochondrial BAX recruitment occurs in parallel to cytochrome c and SMAC/Diablo release and is affected by cellular morphology, such that cells with processes are more likely to exhibit propagation. The initiation of propagation events is most prevalent in the distal tips of processes, while the rate of propagation is influenced by the 2-dimensional width of the process. Propagation was rarely observed in the cell soma, which exhibited near synchronous recruitment of BAX. Propagation velocity is not affected by mitochondrial volume in segments of processes, but is negatively affected by mitochondrial density. There was no evidence of a propagating wave of increased levels of intracellular calcium ions. Alternatively, we did observe a uniform increase in superoxide build-up in cellular mitochondria, which was released as a propagating wave simultaneously with the propagating recruitment of BAX to the mitochondrial outer membrane.","lang":"eng"}],"user_id":"4359f0d1-fa6c-11eb-b949-802e58b17ae8","type":"journal_article","volume":26,"page":"132-145","year":"2021","_id":"9009","issue":"2","article_type":"original","external_id":{"isi":["000606722600001"],"pmid":["33426618"]},"oa":1,"status":"public","acknowledgement":"This work was supported by National Institute of Health grants R01 EY030123, P30 EY016665, and T32 GM081061, an unrestricted research grant from Research to Prevent Blindness, Inc., and the Frederick A. Davis Endowment from the Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences at the University of Wisconsin-Madison.","publication_identifier":{"eissn":["1573-675X"],"issn":["1360-8185"]},"citation":{"apa":"Grosser, J. A., Maes, M. E., &#38; Nickells, R. W. (2021). Characteristics of intracellular propagation of mitochondrial BAX recruitment during apoptosis. <i>Apoptosis</i>. Springer Nature. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10495-020-01654-w\">https://doi.org/10.1007/s10495-020-01654-w</a>","ieee":"J. A. Grosser, M. E. Maes, and R. W. Nickells, “Characteristics of intracellular propagation of mitochondrial BAX recruitment during apoptosis,” <i>Apoptosis</i>, vol. 26, no. 2. Springer Nature, pp. 132–145, 2021.","chicago":"Grosser, Joshua A., Margaret E Maes, and Robert W. Nickells. “Characteristics of Intracellular Propagation of Mitochondrial BAX Recruitment during Apoptosis.” <i>Apoptosis</i>. Springer Nature, 2021. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10495-020-01654-w\">https://doi.org/10.1007/s10495-020-01654-w</a>.","short":"J.A. Grosser, M.E. Maes, R.W. Nickells, Apoptosis 26 (2021) 132–145.","ista":"Grosser JA, Maes ME, Nickells RW. 2021. Characteristics of intracellular propagation of mitochondrial BAX recruitment during apoptosis. Apoptosis. 26(2), 132–145.","mla":"Grosser, Joshua A., et al. “Characteristics of Intracellular Propagation of Mitochondrial BAX Recruitment during Apoptosis.” <i>Apoptosis</i>, vol. 26, no. 2, Springer Nature, 2021, pp. 132–45, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10495-020-01654-w\">10.1007/s10495-020-01654-w</a>.","ama":"Grosser JA, Maes ME, Nickells RW. Characteristics of intracellular propagation of mitochondrial BAX recruitment during apoptosis. <i>Apoptosis</i>. 2021;26(2):132-145. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10495-020-01654-w\">10.1007/s10495-020-01654-w</a>"},"article_processing_charge":"No","doi":"10.1007/s10495-020-01654-w","date_updated":"2023-08-07T13:32:40Z","author":[{"full_name":"Grosser, Joshua A.","last_name":"Grosser","first_name":"Joshua A."},{"id":"3838F452-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","full_name":"Maes, Margaret E","orcid":"0000-0001-9642-1085","last_name":"Maes","first_name":"Margaret E"},{"full_name":"Nickells, Robert W.","last_name":"Nickells","first_name":"Robert W."}],"date_published":"2021-02-01T00:00:00Z","quality_controlled":"1","scopus_import":"1","publication_status":"published","intvolume":"        26","main_file_link":[{"open_access":"1","url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8082518/"}],"day":"01","pmid":1,"isi":1,"month":"02","language":[{"iso":"eng"}]},{"oa_version":"Published Version","date_created":"2021-01-17T23:01:12Z","publisher":"Embo Press","department":[{"_id":"JiFr"},{"_id":"EvBe"}],"title":"Modulation of plant root growth by nitrogen source-defined regulation of polar auxin transport","publication":"EMBO Journal","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"Availability of the essential macronutrient nitrogen in soil plays a critical role in plant growth, development, and impacts agricultural productivity. Plants have evolved different strategies for sensing and responding to heterogeneous nitrogen distribution. Modulation of root system architecture, including primary root growth and branching, is among the most essential plant adaptions to ensure adequate nitrogen acquisition. However, the immediate molecular pathways coordinating the adjustment of root growth in response to distinct nitrogen sources, such as nitrate or ammonium, are poorly understood. Here, we show that growth as manifested by cell division and elongation is synchronized by coordinated auxin flux between two adjacent outer tissue layers of the root. This coordination is achieved by nitrate‐dependent dephosphorylation of the PIN2 auxin efflux carrier at a previously uncharacterized phosphorylation site, leading to subsequent PIN2 lateralization and thereby regulating auxin flow between adjacent tissues. A dynamic computer model based on our experimental data successfully recapitulates experimental observations. Our study provides mechanistic insights broadening our understanding of root growth mechanisms in dynamic environments."}],"year":"2021","has_accepted_license":"1","_id":"9010","type":"journal_article","user_id":"4359f0d1-fa6c-11eb-b949-802e58b17ae8","volume":40,"publication_identifier":{"issn":["02614189"],"eissn":["14602075"]},"citation":{"ama":"Ötvös K, Marconi M, Vega A, et al. Modulation of plant root growth by nitrogen source-defined regulation of polar auxin transport. <i>EMBO Journal</i>. 2021;40(3). doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.15252/embj.2020106862\">10.15252/embj.2020106862</a>","mla":"Ötvös, Krisztina, et al. “Modulation of Plant Root Growth by Nitrogen Source-Defined Regulation of Polar Auxin Transport.” <i>EMBO Journal</i>, vol. 40, no. 3, e106862, Embo Press, 2021, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.15252/embj.2020106862\">10.15252/embj.2020106862</a>.","ista":"Ötvös K, Marconi M, Vega A, O’Brien J, Johnson AJ, Abualia R, Antonielli L, Montesinos López JC, Zhang Y, Tan S, Cuesta C, Artner C, Bouguyon E, Gojon A, Friml J, Gutiérrez RA, Wabnik KT, Benková E. 2021. Modulation of plant root growth by nitrogen source-defined regulation of polar auxin transport. EMBO Journal. 40(3), e106862.","short":"K. Ötvös, M. Marconi, A. Vega, J. O’Brien, A.J. Johnson, R. Abualia, L. Antonielli, J.C. Montesinos López, Y. Zhang, S. Tan, C. Cuesta, C. Artner, E. Bouguyon, A. Gojon, J. Friml, R.A. Gutiérrez, K.T. Wabnik, E. Benková, EMBO Journal 40 (2021).","ieee":"K. Ötvös <i>et al.</i>, “Modulation of plant root growth by nitrogen source-defined regulation of polar auxin transport,” <i>EMBO Journal</i>, vol. 40, no. 3. Embo Press, 2021.","chicago":"Ötvös, Krisztina, Marco Marconi, Andrea Vega, Jose O’Brien, Alexander J Johnson, Rashed Abualia, Livio Antonielli, et al. “Modulation of Plant Root Growth by Nitrogen Source-Defined Regulation of Polar Auxin Transport.” <i>EMBO Journal</i>. Embo Press, 2021. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.15252/embj.2020106862\">https://doi.org/10.15252/embj.2020106862</a>.","apa":"Ötvös, K., Marconi, M., Vega, A., O’Brien, J., Johnson, A. J., Abualia, R., … Benková, E. (2021). Modulation of plant root growth by nitrogen source-defined regulation of polar auxin transport. <i>EMBO Journal</i>. Embo Press. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.15252/embj.2020106862\">https://doi.org/10.15252/embj.2020106862</a>"},"external_id":{"isi":["000604645600001"],"pmid":[" 33399250"]},"article_type":"original","issue":"3","acknowledgement":"We acknowledge Gergely Molnar for critical reading of the manuscript, Alexander Johnson for language editing and Yulija Salanenka for technical assistance. Work in the Benkova laboratory was supported by the Austrian Science Fund (FWF01_I1774S) to KO, RA and EB. Work in the Benkova laboratory was supported by the Austrian Science Fund (FWF01_I1774S) to KO, RA and EB and by the DOC Fellowship Programme of the AustrianAcademy of Sciences (25008) to C.A. Work in the Wabnik laboratory was supported by the Programa de Atraccion de Talento 2017 (Comunidad deMadrid, 2017-T1/BIO-5654 to K.W.), Severo Ochoa Programme for Centres of Excellence in R&D from the Agencia Estatal de Investigacion of Spain (grantSEV-2016-0672 (2017-2021) to K.W. via the CBGP) and Programa Estatal de Generacion del Conocimiento y Fortalecimiento Científico y Tecnologico del Sistema de I+D+I 2019 (PGC2018-093387-A-I00) from MICIU (to K.W.). M.M.was supported by a postdoctoral contract associated to SEV-2016-0672.We acknowledge the Bioimaging Facility in IST-Austria and the Advanced Microscopy Facility of the Vienna Bio Center Core Facilities, member of the Vienna Bio Center Austria, for use of the OMX v43D SIM microscope. AJ was supported by the Austrian Science Fund (FWF): I03630 to J.F","status":"public","oa":1,"acknowledged_ssus":[{"_id":"Bio"}],"tmp":{"image":"/images/cc_by.png","short":"CC BY (4.0)","name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode"},"article_number":"e106862","file_date_updated":"2021-02-11T12:28:29Z","quality_controlled":"1","scopus_import":"1","related_material":{"record":[{"id":"10303","relation":"dissertation_contains","status":"public"}],"link":[{"description":"News on IST Homepage","relation":"press_release","url":"https://ist.ac.at/en/news/a-plants-way-to-its-favorite-food/"}]},"date_updated":"2024-03-25T23:30:22Z","doi":"10.15252/embj.2020106862","article_processing_charge":"Yes (via OA deal)","date_published":"2021-02-01T00:00:00Z","author":[{"orcid":"0000-0002-5503-4983","last_name":"Ötvös","first_name":"Krisztina","id":"29B901B0-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","full_name":"Ötvös, Krisztina"},{"last_name":"Marconi","first_name":"Marco","full_name":"Marconi, Marco"},{"last_name":"Vega","first_name":"Andrea","full_name":"Vega, Andrea"},{"last_name":"O’Brien","first_name":"Jose","full_name":"O’Brien, Jose"},{"orcid":"0000-0002-2739-8843","last_name":"Johnson","first_name":"Alexander J","id":"46A62C3A-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","full_name":"Johnson, Alexander J"},{"orcid":"0000-0002-9357-9415","last_name":"Abualia","first_name":"Rashed","id":"4827E134-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","full_name":"Abualia, Rashed"},{"last_name":"Antonielli","first_name":"Livio","full_name":"Antonielli, Livio"},{"id":"310A8E3E-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","full_name":"Montesinos López, Juan C","orcid":"0000-0001-9179-6099","last_name":"Montesinos López","first_name":"Juan C"},{"full_name":"Zhang, Yuzhou","id":"3B6137F2-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","first_name":"Yuzhou","orcid":"0000-0003-2627-6956","last_name":"Zhang"},{"last_name":"Tan","orcid":"0000-0002-0471-8285","first_name":"Shutang","id":"2DE75584-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","full_name":"Tan, Shutang"},{"first_name":"Candela","orcid":"0000-0003-1923-2410","last_name":"Cuesta","full_name":"Cuesta, Candela","id":"33A3C818-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87"},{"id":"45DF286A-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","full_name":"Artner, Christina","last_name":"Artner","first_name":"Christina"},{"first_name":"Eleonore","last_name":"Bouguyon","full_name":"Bouguyon, Eleonore"},{"full_name":"Gojon, Alain","first_name":"Alain","last_name":"Gojon"},{"first_name":"Jiří","last_name":"Friml","orcid":"0000-0002-8302-7596","full_name":"Friml, Jiří","id":"4159519E-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87"},{"full_name":"Gutiérrez, Rodrigo A.","first_name":"Rodrigo A.","last_name":"Gutiérrez"},{"orcid":"0000-0001-7263-0560","last_name":"Wabnik","first_name":"Krzysztof T","id":"4DE369A4-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","full_name":"Wabnik, Krzysztof T"},{"id":"38F4F166-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","full_name":"Benková, Eva","last_name":"Benková","orcid":"0000-0002-8510-9739","first_name":"Eva"}],"publication_status":"published","file":[{"creator":"dernst","access_level":"open_access","relation":"main_file","date_created":"2021-02-11T12:28:29Z","success":1,"content_type":"application/pdf","date_updated":"2021-02-11T12:28:29Z","file_id":"9110","checksum":"dc55c900f3b061d6c2790b8813d759a3","file_name":"2021_Embo_Otvos.pdf","file_size":2358617}],"intvolume":"        40","project":[{"call_identifier":"FWF","_id":"2542D156-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425","grant_number":"I 1774-B16","name":"Hormone cross-talk drives nutrient dependent plant development"},{"_id":"2685A872-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425","name":"Hormonal regulation of plant adaptive responses to environmental signals"},{"call_identifier":"FWF","name":"Molecular mechanisms of endocytic cargo recognition in plants","grant_number":"I03630","_id":"26538374-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425"}],"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"month":"02","isi":1,"day":"01","ddc":["580"],"pmid":1},{"arxiv":1,"abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"We study dynamics and thermodynamics of ion transport in narrow, water-filled channels, considered as effective 1D Coulomb systems. The long range nature of the inter-ion interactions comes about due to the dielectric constants mismatch between the water and the surrounding medium, confining the electric filed to stay mostly within the water-filled channel. Statistical mechanics of such Coulomb systems is dominated by entropic effects which may be accurately accounted for by mapping onto an effective quantum mechanics. In presence of multivalent ions the corresponding quantum mechanics appears to be non-Hermitian. In this review we discuss a framework for semiclassical calculations for the effective non-Hermitian Hamiltonians. Non-Hermiticity elevates WKB action integrals from the real line to closed cycles on a complex Riemann surfaces where direct calculations are not attainable. We circumvent this issue by applying tools from algebraic topology, such as the Picard-Fuchs equation. We discuss how its solutions relate to the thermodynamics and correlation functions of multivalent solutions within narrow, water-filled channels. "}],"publisher":"MDPI","title":"Dynamics of ion channels via non-hermitian quantum mechanics","department":[{"_id":"MaSe"}],"publication":"Entropy","oa_version":"Published Version","ec_funded":1,"date_created":"2021-01-19T11:12:06Z","article_type":"original","external_id":{"isi":["000610122000001"],"arxiv":["2012.01390"]},"issue":"1","acknowledgement":"A.K. was supported by NSF grants DMR-2037654. T.G. acknowledges funding from the Institute of Science and Technology (IST) Austria, and from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie Grant Agreement No. 754411.\r\nWe are indebted to Boris Shklovskii for introducing us to the problem, and Alexander Gorsky and Peter Koroteev for introducing us to the Picard-Fuchs methods. A very special thanks goes to Michael Janas for several years of excellent collaboration on these topics. TG thanks Michael Kreshchuk for introduction to the exact WKB method and great collaboration on related projects. Figure 3 and Figure 4 are reproduced from Reference [25] with friendly permission by the Russian Academy of Sciences. Figure 2, Figure 4, Figure 5, Figure 6, and Figure 8 are reproduced from Reference [26] with friendly permission by IOP Publishing.","status":"public","oa":1,"publication_identifier":{"eissn":["1099-4300"]},"citation":{"short":"T. Gulden, A. Kamenev, Entropy 23 (2021).","mla":"Gulden, Tobias, and Alex Kamenev. “Dynamics of Ion Channels via Non-Hermitian Quantum Mechanics.” <i>Entropy</i>, vol. 23, no. 1, e23010125, MDPI, 2021, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3390/e23010125\">10.3390/e23010125</a>.","ista":"Gulden T, Kamenev A. 2021. Dynamics of ion channels via non-hermitian quantum mechanics. Entropy. 23(1), e23010125.","ama":"Gulden T, Kamenev A. Dynamics of ion channels via non-hermitian quantum mechanics. <i>Entropy</i>. 2021;23(1). doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3390/e23010125\">10.3390/e23010125</a>","apa":"Gulden, T., &#38; Kamenev, A. (2021). Dynamics of ion channels via non-hermitian quantum mechanics. <i>Entropy</i>. MDPI. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3390/e23010125\">https://doi.org/10.3390/e23010125</a>","ieee":"T. Gulden and A. Kamenev, “Dynamics of ion channels via non-hermitian quantum mechanics,” <i>Entropy</i>, vol. 23, no. 1. MDPI, 2021.","chicago":"Gulden, Tobias, and Alex Kamenev. “Dynamics of Ion Channels via Non-Hermitian Quantum Mechanics.” <i>Entropy</i>. MDPI, 2021. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3390/e23010125\">https://doi.org/10.3390/e23010125</a>."},"type":"journal_article","user_id":"4359f0d1-fa6c-11eb-b949-802e58b17ae8","volume":23,"year":"2021","has_accepted_license":"1","_id":"9020","doi":"10.3390/e23010125","date_updated":"2023-08-07T13:34:18Z","article_processing_charge":"Yes","date_published":"2021-01-19T00:00:00Z","author":[{"first_name":"Tobias","last_name":"Gulden","orcid":"0000-0001-6814-7541","full_name":"Gulden, Tobias","id":"1083E038-9F73-11E9-A4B5-532AE6697425"},{"last_name":"Kamenev","first_name":"Alex","full_name":"Kamenev, Alex"}],"quality_controlled":"1","article_number":"e23010125","file_date_updated":"2021-01-19T11:11:14Z","tmp":{"image":"/images/cc_by.png","short":"CC BY (4.0)","name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode"},"day":"19","ddc":["530"],"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"project":[{"call_identifier":"H2020","grant_number":"754411","name":"ISTplus - Postdoctoral Fellowships","_id":"260C2330-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425"}],"isi":1,"month":"01","publication_status":"published","file":[{"relation":"main_file","creator":"tgulden","access_level":"open_access","content_type":"application/pdf","date_created":"2021-01-19T11:11:14Z","file_id":"9021","date_updated":"2021-01-19T11:11:14Z","file_size":981285,"checksum":"6cd0e706156827c45c740534bd32c179","file_name":"Final published paper.pdf"}],"intvolume":"        23"},{"date_published":"2021-01-25T00:00:00Z","author":[{"id":"42198EFA-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","full_name":"Cipolloni, Giorgio","orcid":"0000-0002-4901-7992","last_name":"Cipolloni","first_name":"Giorgio"}],"doi":"10.15479/AT:ISTA:9022","alternative_title":["ISTA Thesis"],"date_updated":"2023-09-07T13:29:32Z","article_processing_charge":"No","degree_awarded":"PhD","file_date_updated":"2021-01-25T14:19:10Z","day":"25","ddc":["510"],"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"project":[{"_id":"2564DBCA-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425","name":"International IST Doctoral Program","grant_number":"665385","call_identifier":"H2020"},{"_id":"258DCDE6-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425","name":"Random matrices, universality and disordered quantum systems","grant_number":"338804","call_identifier":"FP7"}],"month":"01","publication_status":"published","file":[{"relation":"main_file","access_level":"open_access","creator":"gcipollo","content_type":"application/pdf","date_created":"2021-01-25T14:19:03Z","success":1,"date_updated":"2021-01-25T14:19:03Z","file_id":"9043","file_size":4127796,"checksum":"5a93658a5f19478372523ee232887e2b","file_name":"thesis.pdf"},{"file_id":"9044","date_updated":"2021-01-25T14:19:10Z","checksum":"e8270eddfe6a988e92a53c88d1d19b8c","file_name":"Thesis_files.zip","file_size":12775206,"creator":"gcipollo","access_level":"closed","relation":"source_file","date_created":"2021-01-25T14:19:10Z","content_type":"application/zip"}],"abstract":[{"text":"In the first part of the thesis we consider Hermitian random matrices. Firstly, we consider sample covariance matrices XX∗ with X having independent identically distributed (i.i.d.) centred entries. We prove a Central Limit Theorem for differences of linear statistics of XX∗ and its minor after removing the first column of X. Secondly, we consider Wigner-type matrices and prove that the eigenvalue statistics near cusp singularities of the limiting density of states are universal and that they form a Pearcey process. Since the limiting eigenvalue distribution admits only square root (edge) and cubic root (cusp) singularities, this concludes the third and last remaining case of the Wigner-Dyson-Mehta universality conjecture. The main technical ingredients are an optimal local law at the cusp, and the proof of the fast relaxation to equilibrium of the Dyson Brownian motion in the cusp regime.\r\nIn the second part we consider non-Hermitian matrices X with centred i.i.d. entries. We normalise the entries of X to have variance N −1. It is well known that the empirical eigenvalue density converges to the uniform distribution on the unit disk (circular law). In the first project, we prove universality of the local eigenvalue statistics close to the edge of the spectrum. This is the non-Hermitian analogue of the TracyWidom universality at the Hermitian edge. Technically we analyse the evolution of the spectral distribution of X along the Ornstein-Uhlenbeck flow for very long time\r\n(up to t = +∞). In the second project, we consider linear statistics of eigenvalues for macroscopic test functions f in the Sobolev space H2+ϵ and prove their convergence to the projection of the Gaussian Free Field on the unit disk. We prove this result for non-Hermitian matrices with real or complex entries. The main technical ingredients are: (i) local law for products of two resolvents at different spectral parameters, (ii) analysis of correlated Dyson Brownian motions.\r\nIn the third and final part we discuss the mathematically rigorous application of supersymmetric techniques (SUSY ) to give a lower tail estimate of the lowest singular value of X − z, with z ∈ C. More precisely, we use superbosonisation formula to give an integral representation of the resolvent of (X − z)(X − z)∗ which reduces to two and three contour integrals in the complex and real case, respectively. The rigorous analysis of these integrals is quite challenging since simple saddle point analysis cannot be applied (the main contribution comes from a non-trivial manifold). Our result\r\nimproves classical smoothing inequalities in the regime |z| ≈ 1; this result is essential to prove edge universality for i.i.d. non-Hermitian matrices.","lang":"eng"}],"department":[{"_id":"GradSch"},{"_id":"LaEr"}],"title":"Fluctuations in the spectrum of random matrices","publisher":"Institute of Science and Technology Austria","oa_version":"Published Version","ec_funded":1,"date_created":"2021-01-21T18:16:54Z","status":"public","acknowledgement":"I gratefully acknowledge the financial support from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie Grant Agreement No. 665385 and my advisor’s ERC Advanced Grant No. 338804.","oa":1,"citation":{"short":"G. Cipolloni, Fluctuations in the Spectrum of Random Matrices, Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2021.","ista":"Cipolloni G. 2021. Fluctuations in the spectrum of random matrices. Institute of Science and Technology Austria.","mla":"Cipolloni, Giorgio. <i>Fluctuations in the Spectrum of Random Matrices</i>. Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2021, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.15479/AT:ISTA:9022\">10.15479/AT:ISTA:9022</a>.","ama":"Cipolloni G. Fluctuations in the spectrum of random matrices. 2021. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.15479/AT:ISTA:9022\">10.15479/AT:ISTA:9022</a>","apa":"Cipolloni, G. (2021). <i>Fluctuations in the spectrum of random matrices</i>. Institute of Science and Technology Austria. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.15479/AT:ISTA:9022\">https://doi.org/10.15479/AT:ISTA:9022</a>","chicago":"Cipolloni, Giorgio. “Fluctuations in the Spectrum of Random Matrices.” Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2021. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.15479/AT:ISTA:9022\">https://doi.org/10.15479/AT:ISTA:9022</a>.","ieee":"G. Cipolloni, “Fluctuations in the spectrum of random matrices,” Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2021."},"publication_identifier":{"issn":["2663-337X"]},"page":"380","type":"dissertation","user_id":"c635000d-4b10-11ee-a964-aac5a93f6ac1","supervisor":[{"first_name":"László","last_name":"Erdös","orcid":"0000-0001-5366-9603","full_name":"Erdös, László","id":"4DBD5372-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87"}],"_id":"9022","year":"2021","has_accepted_license":"1"}]