@article{11470,
abstract = {Many-body localization (MBL) is an example of a dynamical phase of matter that avoids thermalization. While the MBL phase is robust to weak local perturbations, the fate of an MBL system coupled to a thermalizing quantum system that represents a “heat bath” is an open question that is actively investigated theoretically and experimentally. In this work, we consider the stability of an Anderson insulator with a finite density of particles interacting with a single mobile impurity—a small quantum bath. We give perturbative arguments that support the stability of localization in the strong interaction regime. Large-scale tensor network simulations of dynamics are employed to corroborate the presence of the localized phase and give quantitative predictions in the thermodynamic limit. We develop a phenomenological description of the dynamics in the strong interaction regime, and we demonstrate that the impurity effectively turns the Anderson insulator into an MBL phase, giving rise to nontrivial entanglement dynamics well captured by our phenomenology.},
author = {Brighi, Pietro and Michailidis, Alexios A. and Abanin, Dmitry A. and Serbyn, Maksym},
issn = {2469-9969},
journal = {Physical Review B},
number = {22},
publisher = {American Physical Society},
title = {{Propagation of many-body localization in an Anderson insulator}},
doi = {10.1103/physrevb.105.l220203},
volume = {105},
year = {2022},
}
@article{11471,
abstract = {Variational quantum algorithms are promising algorithms for achieving quantum advantage on nearterm devices. The quantum hardware is used to implement a variational wave function and measure observables, whereas the classical computer is used to store and update the variational parameters. The optimization landscape of expressive variational ansätze is however dominated by large regions in parameter space, known as barren plateaus, with vanishing gradients, which prevents efficient optimization. In this work we propose a general algorithm to avoid barren plateaus in the initialization and throughout the optimization. To this end we define a notion of weak barren plateaus (WBPs) based on the entropies of local reduced density matrices. The presence of WBPs can be efficiently quantified using recently introduced shadow tomography of the quantum state with a classical computer. We demonstrate that avoidance of WBPs suffices to ensure sizable gradients in the initialization. In addition, we demonstrate that decreasing the gradient step size, guided by the entropies allows WBPs to be avoided during the optimization process. This paves the way for efficient barren plateau-free optimization on near-term devices. },
author = {Sack, Stefan and Medina Ramos, Raimel A and Michailidis, Alexios and Kueng, Richard and Serbyn, Maksym},
issn = {2691-3399},
journal = {PRX Quantum},
keywords = {General Medicine},
number = {2},
publisher = {American Physical Society},
title = {{Avoiding barren plateaus using classical shadows}},
doi = {10.1103/prxquantum.3.020365},
volume = {3},
year = {2022},
}
@phdthesis{11473,
abstract = {The polaron model is a basic model of quantum field theory describing a single particle
interacting with a bosonic field. It arises in many physical contexts. We are mostly concerned
with models applicable in the context of an impurity atom in a Bose-Einstein condensate as
well as the problem of electrons moving in polar crystals.
The model has a simple structure in which the interaction of the particle with the field is given
by a term linear in the field’s creation and annihilation operators. In this work, we investigate
the properties of this model by providing rigorous estimates on various energies relevant to the
problem. The estimates are obtained, for the most part, by suitable operator techniques which
constitute the principal mathematical substance of the thesis.
The first application of these techniques is to derive the polaron model rigorously from first
principles, i.e., from a full microscopic quantum-mechanical many-body problem involving an
impurity in an otherwise homogeneous system. We accomplish this for the N + 1 Bose gas
in the mean-field regime by showing that a suitable polaron-type Hamiltonian arises at weak
interactions as a low-energy effective theory for this problem.
In the second part, we investigate rigorously the ground state of the model at fixed momentum
and for large values of the coupling constant. Qualitatively, the system is expected to display
a transition from the quasi-particle behavior at small momenta, where the dispersion relation
is parabolic and the particle moves through the medium dragging along a cloud of phonons, to
the radiative behavior at larger momenta where the polaron decelerates and emits free phonons.
At the same time, in the strong coupling regime, the bosonic field is expected to behave purely
classically. Accordingly, the effective mass of the polaron at strong coupling is conjectured to
be asymptotically equal to the one obtained from the semiclassical counterpart of the problem,
first studied by Landau and Pekar in the 1940s. For polaron models with regularized form
factors and phonon dispersion relations of superfluid type, i.e., bounded below by a linear
function of the wavenumbers for all phonon momenta as in the interacting Bose gas, we prove
that for a large window of momenta below the radiation threshold, the energy-momentum
relation at strong coupling is indeed essentially a parabola with semi-latus rectum equal to the
Landau–Pekar effective mass, as expected.
For the Fröhlich polaron describing electrons in polar crystals where the dispersion relation is
of the optical type and the form factor is formally UV–singular due to the nature of the point
charge-dipole interaction, we are able to give the corresponding upper bound. In contrast to
the regular case, this requires the inclusion of the quantum fluctuations of the phonon field,
which makes the problem considerably more difficult.
The results are supplemented by studies on the absolute ground-state energy at strong coupling,
a proof of the divergence of the effective mass with the coupling constant for a wide class of
polaron models, as well as the discussion of the apparent UV singularity of the Fröhlich model
and the application of the techniques used for its removal for the energy estimates.
},
author = {Mysliwy, Krzysztof},
issn = {2663-337X},
pages = {138},
publisher = {Institute of Science and Technology Austria},
title = {{Polarons in Bose gases and polar crystals: Some rigorous energy estimates}},
doi = {10.15479/at:ista:11473},
year = {2022},
}
@inproceedings{11476,
abstract = {Messaging platforms like Signal are widely deployed and provide strong security in an asynchronous setting. It is a challenging problem to construct a protocol with similar security guarantees that can efficiently scale to large groups. A major bottleneck are the frequent key rotations users need to perform to achieve post compromise forward security.
In current proposals – most notably in TreeKEM (which is part of the IETF’s Messaging Layer Security (MLS) protocol draft) – for users in a group of size n to rotate their keys, they must each craft a message of size log(n) to be broadcast to the group using an (untrusted) delivery server.
In larger groups, having users sequentially rotate their keys requires too much bandwidth (or takes too long), so variants allowing any T≤n users to simultaneously rotate their keys in just 2 communication rounds have been suggested (e.g. “Propose and Commit” by MLS). Unfortunately, 2-round concurrent updates are either damaging or expensive (or both); i.e. they either result in future operations being more costly (e.g. via “blanking” or “tainting”) or are costly themselves requiring Ω(T) communication for each user [Bienstock et al., TCC’20].
In this paper we propose CoCoA; a new scheme that allows for T concurrent updates that are neither damaging nor costly. That is, they add no cost to future operations yet they only require Ω(log2(n)) communication per user. To circumvent the [Bienstock et al.] lower bound, CoCoA increases the number of rounds needed to complete all updates from 2 up to (at most) log(n); though typically fewer rounds are needed.
The key insight of our protocol is the following: in the (non-concurrent version of) TreeKEM, a delivery server which gets T concurrent update requests will approve one and reject the remaining T−1. In contrast, our server attempts to apply all of them. If more than one user requests to rotate the same key during a round, the server arbitrarily picks a winner. Surprisingly, we prove that regardless of how the server chooses the winners, all previously compromised users will recover after at most log(n) such update rounds.
To keep the communication complexity low, CoCoA is a server-aided CGKA. That is, the delivery server no longer blindly forwards packets, but instead actively computes individualized packets tailored to each user. As the server is untrusted, this change requires us to develop new mechanisms ensuring robustness of the protocol.},
author = {Alwen, Joël and Auerbach, Benedikt and Cueto Noval, Miguel and Klein, Karen and Pascual Perez, Guillermo and Pietrzak, Krzysztof Z and Walter, Michael},
booktitle = {Advances in Cryptology – EUROCRYPT 2022},
isbn = {9783031070846},
issn = {1611-3349},
location = {Trondheim, Norway},
pages = {815–844},
publisher = {Springer Nature},
title = {{CoCoA: Concurrent continuous group key agreement}},
doi = {10.1007/978-3-031-07085-3_28},
volume = {13276},
year = {2022},
}
@article{11478,
abstract = {Cerebral organoids differentiated from human-induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSC) provide a unique opportunity to investigate brain development. However, organoids usually lack microglia, brain-resident immune cells, which are present in the early embryonic brain and participate in neuronal circuit development. Here, we find IBA1+ microglia-like cells alongside retinal cups between week 3 and 4 in 2.5D culture with an unguided retinal organoid differentiation protocol. Microglia do not infiltrate the neuroectoderm and instead enrich within non-pigmented, 3D-cystic compartments that develop in parallel to the 3D-retinal organoids. When we guide the retinal organoid differentiation with low-dosed BMP4, we prevent cup development and enhance microglia and 3D-cysts formation. Mass spectrometry identifies these 3D-cysts to express mesenchymal and epithelial markers. We confirmed this microglia-preferred environment also within the unguided protocol, providing insight into microglial behavior and migration and offer a model to study how they enter and distribute within the human brain.},
author = {Bartalska, Katarina and Hübschmann, Verena and Korkut, Medina and Cubero, Ryan J and Venturino, Alessandro and Rössler, Karl and Czech, Thomas and Siegert, Sandra},
issn = {2589-0042},
journal = {iScience},
number = {7},
publisher = {Elsevier},
title = {{A systematic characterization of microglia-like cell occurrence during retinal organoid differentiation}},
doi = {10.1016/j.isci.2022.104580},
volume = {25},
year = {2022},
}
@article{11488,
abstract = {Hydrogen Lyα haloes (LAHs) are commonly used as a tracer of the circumgalactic medium (CGM) at high redshifts. In this work, we aim to explore the existence of Lyα haloes around individual UV-selected galaxies, rather than around Lyα emitters (LAEs), at high redshifts. Our sample was continuum-selected with F775W ≤ 27.5, and spectroscopic redshifts were assigned or constrained for all the sources thanks to the deepest (100- to 140-h) existing Very Large Telescope (VLT)/Multi-Unit Spectroscopic Explorer (MUSE) data with adaptive optics. The final sample includes 21 galaxies that are purely F775W-magnitude selected within the redshift range z ≈ 2.9 − 4.4 and within a UV magnitude range −20 ≤ M1500 ≤ −18, thus avoiding any bias toward LAEs. We tested whether galaxy’s Lyα emission is significantly more extended than the MUSE PSF-convolved continuum component. We find 17 LAHs and four non-LAHs. We report the first individual detections of extended Lyα emission around non-LAEs. The Lyα halo fraction is thus as high as 81.0−11.2+10.3%, which is close to that for LAEs at z = 3 − 6 in the literature. This implies that UV-selected galaxies generally have a large amount of hydrogen in their CGM. We derived the mean surface brightness (SB) profile for our LAHs with cosmic dimming corrections and find that Lyα emission extends to 5.4 arcsec (≃40 physical kpc at the midpoint redshift z = 3.6) above the typical 1σ SB limit. The incidence rate of surrounding gas detected in Lyα per one-dimensional line of sight per unit redshift, dn/dz, is estimated to be 0.76−0.09+0.09 for galaxies with M1500 ≤ −18 mag at z ≃ 3.7. Assuming that Lyα emission and absorption arise in the same gas, this suggests, based on abundance matching, that LAHs trace the same gas as damped Lyα systems (DLAs) and sub-DLAs.},
author = {Kusakabe, Haruka and Verhamme, Anne and Blaizot, Jérémy and Garel, Thibault and Wisotzki, Lutz and Leclercq, Floriane and Bacon, Roland and Schaye, Joop and Gallego, Sofia G. and Kerutt, Josephine and Matthee, Jorryt J and Maseda, Michael and Nanayakkara, Themiya and Pelló, Roser and Richard, Johan and Tresse, Laurence and Urrutia, Tanya and Vitte, Eloïse},
issn = {1432-0746},
journal = {Astronomy & Astrophysics},
keywords = {Space and Planetary Science, Astronomy and Astrophysics, galaxies: high-redshift / galaxies: formation / galaxies: evolution / cosmology: observations},
publisher = {EDP Sciences},
title = {{The MUSE eXtremely Deep Field: Individual detections of Lyα haloes around rest-frame UV-selected galaxies at z ≃ 2.9–4.4}},
doi = {10.1051/0004-6361/202142302},
volume = {660},
year = {2022},
}
@article{11489,
abstract = {Much of plant development depends on cell-to-cell redistribution of the plant hormone auxin, which is facilitated by the plasma membrane (PM) localized PIN FORMED (PIN) proteins. Auxin export activity, developmental roles, subcellular trafficking, and polarity of PINs have been well studied, but their structure remains elusive besides a rough outline that they contain two groups of 5 alpha-helices connected by a large hydrophilic loop (HL). Here, we focus on the PIN1 HL as we could produce it in sufficient quantities for biochemical investigations to provide insights into its secondary structure. Circular dichroism (CD) studies revealed its nature as an intrinsically disordered protein (IDP), manifested by the increase of structure content upon thermal melting. Consistent with IDPs serving as interaction platforms, PIN1 loops homodimerize. PIN1 HL cytoplasmic overexpression in Arabidopsis disrupts early endocytic trafficking of PIN1 and PIN2 and causes defects in the cotyledon vasculature formation. In summary, we demonstrate that PIN1 HL has an intrinsically disordered nature, which must be considered to gain further structural insights. Some secondary structures may form transiently during pairing with known and yet-to-be-discovered interactors.},
author = {Bilanovičová, V and Rýdza, N and Koczka, L and Hess, M and Feraru, E and Friml, Jiří and Nodzyński, T},
issn = {1422-0067},
journal = {International Journal of Molecular Sciences},
number = {11},
pages = {6352},
publisher = {MDPI},
title = {{The hydrophilic loop of Arabidopsis PIN1 auxin efflux carrier harbors hallmarks of an intrinsically disordered protein}},
doi = {10.3390/ijms23116352},
volume = {23},
year = {2022},
}
@article{11490,
abstract = {Directly characterising the first generations of stars in distant galaxies is a key quest of observational cosmology. We present a case study of ID53 at z = 4.77, the UV-brightest (but L⋆) star-forming galaxy at z > 3 in the MUSE eXtremely Deep Field with a mass of ≈109 M⊙. In addition to very strong Lyman-α (Lyα) emission, we clearly detect the (stellar) continuum and an N V P Cygni feature, interstellar absorption, fine-structure emission and nebular C IV emission lines in the 140 h spectrum. Continuum emission from two spatially resolved components in Hubble Space Telescope data are blended in the MUSE data, but we show that the nebular C IV emission originates from a subcomponent of the galaxy. The UV spectrum can be fit with recent BPASS stellar population models combined with single-burst or continuous star formation histories (SFHs), a standard initial mass function, and an attenuation law. Models with a young age and low metallicity (log10(age/yr) = 6.5–7.6 and [Z/H] = −2.15 to −1.15) are preferred, but the details depend on the assumed SFH. The intrinsic Hα luminosity of the best-fit models is an order of magnitude higher than the Hα luminosity inferred from Spitzer/IRAC data, which either suggests a high escape fraction of ionising photons, a high relative attenuation of nebular to stellar dust, or a complex SFH. The metallicity appears lower than the metallicity in more massive galaxies at z = 3 − 5, consistent with the scenario according to which younger galaxies have lower metallicities. This chemical immaturity likely facilitates Lyα escape, explaining why the Lyα equivalent width is anti-correlated with stellar metallicity. Finally, we stress that uncertainties in SFHs impose a challenge for future inferences of the stellar metallicity of young galaxies. This highlights the need for joint (spatially resolved) analyses of stellar spectra and photo-ionisation models.},
author = {Matthee, Jorryt J and Feltre, Anna and Maseda, Michael and Nanayakkara, Themiya and Boogaard, Leindert and Bacon, Roland and Verhamme, Anne and Leclercq, Floriane and Kusakabe, Haruka and Urrutia, Tanya and Wisotzki, Lutz},
issn = {1432-0746},
journal = {Astronomy & Astrophysics},
keywords = {Space and Planetary Science, Astronomy and Astrophysics, galaxies: high-redshift / techniques: spectroscopic / galaxies: stellar content / galaxies: formation},
publisher = {EDP Sciences},
title = {{Deciphering stellar metallicities in the early universe: Case study of a young galaxy at z = 4.77 in the MUSE eXtremely Deep Field}},
doi = {10.1051/0004-6361/202142187},
volume = {660},
year = {2022},
}
@article{11497,
abstract = {Context. The hydrogen Lyman α line is often the only measurable feature in optical spectra of high-redshift galaxies. Its shape and strength are influenced by radiative transfer processes and the properties of the underlying stellar population. High equivalent widths of several hundred Å are especially hard to explain by models and could point towards unusual stellar populations, for example with low metallicities, young stellar ages, and a top-heavy initial mass function. Other aspects influencing equivalent widths are the morphology of the galaxy and its gas properties.
Aims. The aim of this study is to better understand the connection between the Lyman α rest-frame equivalent width (EW0) and spectral properties as well as ultraviolet (UV) continuum morphology by obtaining reliable EW0 histograms for a statistical sample of galaxies and by assessing the fraction of objects with large equivalent widths.
Methods. We used integral field spectroscopy from the Multi Unit Spectroscopic Explorer (MUSE) combined with broad-band data from the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) to measure EW0. We analysed the emission lines of 1920 Lyman α emitters (LAEs) detected in the full MUSE-Wide (one hour exposure time) and MUSE-Deep (ten hour exposure time) surveys and found UV continuum counterparts in archival HST data. We fitted the UV continuum photometric images using the Galfit software to gain morphological information on the rest-UV emission and fitted the spectra obtained from MUSE to determine the double peak fraction, asymmetry, full-width at half maximum, and flux of the Lyman α line.
Results. The two surveys show different histograms of Lyman α EW0. In MUSE-Wide, 20% of objects have EW0 > 240 Å, while this fraction is only 11% in MUSE-Deep and ≈16% for the full sample. This includes objects without HST continuum counterparts (one-third of our sample), for which we give lower limits for EW0. The object with the highest securely measured EW0 has EW0 = 589 ± 193 Å (the highest lower limit being EW0 = 4464 Å). We investigate the connection between EW0 and Lyman α spectral or UV continuum morphological properties.
Conclusions. The survey depth has to be taken into account when studying EW0 distributions. We find that in general, high EW0 objects can have a wide range of spectral and UV morphological properties, which might reflect that the underlying causes for high EW0 values are equally varied.},
author = {Kerutt, J. and Wisotzki, L. and Verhamme, A. and Schmidt, K. B. and Leclercq, F. and Herenz, E. C. and Urrutia, T. and Garel, T. and Hashimoto, T. and Maseda, M. and Matthee, Jorryt J and Kusakabe, H. and Schaye, J. and Richard, J. and Guiderdoni, B. and Mauerhofer, V. and Nanayakkara, T. and Vitte, E.},
issn = {1432-0746},
journal = {Astronomy & Astrophysics},
keywords = {Space and Planetary Science, Astronomy and Astrophysics, galaxies: high-redshift / galaxies: formation / galaxies: evolution / cosmology: observations},
publisher = {EDP Sciences},
title = {{Equivalent widths of Lyman α emitters in MUSE-Wide and MUSE-Deep}},
doi = {10.1051/0004-6361/202141900},
volume = {659},
year = {2022},
}
@article{11509,
abstract = {We present Keck/LRIS follow-up spectroscopy for 13 photometric candidates of extremely metal-poor galaxies (EMPGs) selected by a machine-learning technique applied to the deep (∼26 AB mag) optical and wide-area (∼500 deg2) Subaru imaging data in the EMPRESS survey. Nine out of the 13 candidates are EMPGs with an oxygen abundance (O/H) less than ∼10% solar value (O/H)⊙, and four sources are contaminants of moderately metal-rich galaxies or no emission-line objects. Notably, two out of the nine EMPGs have extremely low stellar masses and oxygen abundances of 5 × 10⁴x–7 × -10⁵ M⊙ and 2%–3% (O/H)⊙, respectively. With a sample of five EMPGs with (Fe/O) measurements, two (three) of which are taken from this study (the literature), we confirm that two EMPGs with the lowest (O/H) ratios of ∼2% (O/H)⊙ show high (Fe/O) ratios of ∼0.1, close to the solar abundance ratio. Comparing galaxy chemical enrichment models, we find that the two EMPGs cannot be explained by a scenario of metal-poor gas accretion/episodic star formation history due to their low (N/O) ratios. We conclude that the two EMPGs can be reproduced by the inclusion of bright hypernovae and/or hypothetical pair-instability supernovae (SNe) preferentially produced in a metal-poor environment. This conclusion implies that primordial galaxies at z ∼ 10 could have a high abundance of Fe that did not originate from Type Ia SNe with delays and that Fe may not serve as a cosmic clock for primordial galaxies.},
author = {Isobe, Yuki and Ouchi, Masami and Suzuki, Akihiro and Moriya, Takashi J. and Nakajima, Kimihiko and Nomoto, Ken’ichi and Rauch, Michael and Harikane, Yuichi and Kojima, Takashi and Ono, Yoshiaki and Fujimoto, Seiji and Inoue, Akio K. and Kim, Ji Hoon and Komiyama, Yutaka and Kusakabe, Haruka and Lee, Chien-Hsiu and Maseda, Michael and Matthee, Jorryt J and Michel-Dansac, Leo and Nagao, Tohru and Nanayakkara, Themiya and Nishigaki, Moka and Onodera, Masato and Sugahara, Yuma and Xu, Yi},
issn = {1538-4357},
journal = {The Astrophysical Journal},
keywords = {Space and Planetary Science, Astronomy and Astrophysics},
number = {2},
publisher = {IOP Publishing},
title = {{EMPRESS. IV. Extremely metal-poor galaxies including very low-mass primordial systems with M∗= 10⁴-10⁵⊙ and 2%–3% (O/H): High (Fe/O) suggestive of metal enrichment by hypernovae/pair-instability supernovae}},
doi = {10.3847/1538-4357/ac3509},
volume = {925},
year = {2022},
}
@article{11510,
abstract = {Galaxy evolution is driven by a variety of physical processes that are predicted to proceed at different rates for different dark matter haloes and environments across cosmic times. A record of this evolution is preserved in galaxy stellar populations, which we can access using absorption-line spectroscopy. Here we explore the large LEGA-C survey (DR3) to investigate the role of the environment and stellar mass on stellar populations at z ∼ 0.6–1 in the COSMOS field. Leveraging the statistical power and depth of LEGA-C, we reveal significant gradients in Dn4000 and Hδ equivalent widths (EWs) distributions over the stellar mass versus environment 2D spaces for the massive galaxy population (M > 1010 M⊙) at z ∼ 0.6–1.0. Dn4000 and Hδ EWs primarily depend on stellar mass, but they also depend on environment at fixed stellar mass. By splitting the sample into centrals and satellites, and in terms of star-forming galaxies and quiescent galaxies, we reveal that the significant environmental trends of Dn4000 and Hδ EW, when controlling for stellar mass, are driven by quiescent galaxies. Regardless of being centrals or satellites, star-forming galaxies reveal Dn4000 and Hδ EWs, which depend strongly on their stellar mass and are completely independent of the environment at 0.6 < z < 1.0. The environmental trends seen for satellite galaxies are fully driven by the trends that hold only for quiescent galaxies, combined with the strong environmental dependency of the quiescent fraction at fixed stellar mass. Our results are consistent with recent predictions from simulations that point toward massive galaxies forming first in overdensities or the most compact dark matter haloes.},
author = {Sobral, David and van der Wel, Arjen and Bezanson, Rachel and Bell, Eric and Muzzin, Adam and D’Eugenio, Francesco and Darvish, Behnam and Gallazzi, Anna and Wu, Po-Feng and Maseda, Michael and Matthee, Jorryt J and Paulino-Afonso, Ana and Straatman, Caroline and van Dokkum, Pieter G.},
issn = {1538-4357},
journal = {The Astrophysical Journal},
keywords = {Space and Planetary Science, Astronomy and Astrophysics},
number = {2},
publisher = {IOP Publishing},
title = {{The LEGA-C of nature and nurture in stellar populations at z ∼ 0.6–1.0: Dn4000 and Hδ reveal different assembly histories for quiescent galaxies in different environments}},
doi = {10.3847/1538-4357/ac4419},
volume = {926},
year = {2022},
}
@article{11511,
abstract = {The ratio of α-elements to iron in galaxies holds valuable information about the star formation history (SFH) since their enrichment occurs on different timescales. The fossil record of stars in galaxies has mostly been excavated for passive galaxies, since the light of star-forming galaxies is dominated by young stars, which have much weaker atmospheric absorption features. Here we use the largest reference cosmological simulation of the EAGLE project to investigate the origin of variations in stellar α-enhancement among star-forming galaxies at z = 0, and their impact on integrated spectra. The definition of α-enhancement in a composite stellar population is ambiguous. We elucidate two definitions—termed “mean” and “galactic” α-enhancement—in more detail. While a star-forming galaxy has a high “mean” α-enhancement when its stars formed rapidly, a galaxy with a large “galactic” α-enhancement generally had a delayed SFH. We find that absorption-line strengths of Mg and Fe correlate with variations in α-enhancement. These correlations are strongest for the “galactic” α-enhancement. However, we show that these are mostly caused by other effects that are cross-correlated with α-enhancement, such as variations in the light-weighted age. This severely complicates the retrieval of α-enhancements in star-forming galaxies. The ambiguity is not severe for passive galaxies, and we confirm that spectral variations in these galaxies are caused by measurable variations in α-enhancements. We suggest that this more complex coupling between α-enhancement and SFHs can guide the interpretation of new observations of star-forming galaxies.},
author = {Gebek, Andrea and Matthee, Jorryt J},
issn = {1538-4357},
journal = {The Astrophysical Journal},
keywords = {Space and Planetary Science, Astronomy and Astrophysics},
number = {2},
publisher = {IOP Publishing},
title = {{On the variation in stellar α-enhancements of star-forming galaxies in the EAGLE simulation}},
doi = {10.3847/1538-4357/ac350b},
volume = {924},
year = {2022},
}
@article{11521,
abstract = {The cosmic ionizing emissivity from star-forming galaxies has long been anchored to UV luminosity functions. Here, we introduce an emissivity framework based on Lyα emitters (LAEs), which naturally hones in on the subset of galaxies responsible for the ionizing background due to the intimate connection between production and escape of Lyα and LyC photons. Using constraints on the escape fractions of bright LAEs (LLyα > 0.2L*) at z ≈ 2 obtained from resolved Lyα profiles, and arguing for their redshift-invariance, we show that: (i) quasars and LAEs together reproduce the relatively flat emissivity at z ≈ 2–6, which is non-trivial given the strong evolution in both the star formation density and quasar number density at these epochs and (ii) LAEs produce late and rapid reionization between z ≈ 6−9 under plausible assumptions. Within this framework, the >10 × rise in the UV population-averaged fesc between z ≈ 3–7 naturally arises due to the same phenomena that drive the growing LAE fraction with redshift. Generally, a LAE dominated emissivity yields a peak in the distribution of the ionizing budget with UV luminosity as reported in latest simulations. Using our adopted parameters (fesc=50 per cent, ξion = 1025.9 Hz erg−1 for half the bright LAEs), a highly ionizing minority of galaxies with MUV < −17 accounts for the entire ionizing budget from star-forming galaxies. Rapid flashes of LyC from such rare galaxies produce a ‘disco’ ionizing background. We conclude proposing tests to further develop our suggested Lyα-anchored formalism.},
author = {Matthee, Jorryt J and Naidu, Rohan P. and Pezzulli, Gabriele and Gronke, Max and Sobral, David and Oesch, Pascal A. and Hayes, Matthew and Erb, Dawn and Schaerer, Daniel and Amorín, Ricardo and Tacchella, Sandro and Ana Paulino-Afonso, Ana Paulino-Afonso and Llerena, Mario and Calhau, João and Röttgering, Huub},
issn = {1365-2966},
journal = {Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society},
keywords = {galaxies: high-redshift, intergalactic medium, cosmology: observations, dark ages, reionization, first stars, ultraviolet: galaxies},
number = {4},
pages = {5960--5977},
publisher = {Oxford University Press},
title = {{(Re)Solving reionization with Lyα: How bright Lyα emitters account for the z ≈ 2 − 8 cosmic ionizing background}},
doi = {10.1093/mnras/stac801},
volume = {512},
year = {2022},
}
@misc{11542,
author = {Schulz, Rouven},
publisher = {Institute of Science and Technology Austria},
title = {{Source Data (Chimeric GPCRs mimic distinct signaling pathways and modulate microglia responses)}},
doi = {10.15479/AT:ISTA:11542},
year = {2022},
}
@article{11545,
abstract = {We classify contravariant pairings between standard Whittaker modules and Verma modules over a complex semisimple Lie algebra. These contravariant pairings are useful in extending several classical techniques for category O to the Miličić–Soergel category N . We introduce a class of costandard modules which generalize dual Verma modules, and describe canonical maps from standard to costandard modules in terms of contravariant pairings.
We show that costandard modules have unique irreducible submodules and share the same composition factors as the corresponding standard Whittaker modules. We show that costandard modules give an algebraic characterization of the global sections of costandard twisted Harish-Chandra sheaves on the associated flag variety, which are defined using holonomic duality of D-modules. We prove that with these costandard modules, blocks of category
N have the structure of highest weight categories and we establish a BGG reciprocity theorem for N .},
author = {Brown, Adam and Romanov, Anna},
issn = {0021-8693},
journal = {Journal of Algebra},
keywords = {Algebra and Number Theory},
number = {11},
pages = {145--179},
publisher = {Elsevier},
title = {{Contravariant pairings between standard Whittaker modules and Verma modules}},
doi = {10.1016/j.jalgebra.2022.06.017},
volume = {609},
year = {2022},
}
@article{11546,
abstract = {Local adaptation leads to differences between populations within a species. In many systems, similar environmental contrasts occur repeatedly, sometimes driving parallel phenotypic evolution. Understanding the genomic basis of local adaptation and parallel evolution is a major goal of evolutionary genomics. It is now known that by preventing the break-up of favourable combinations of alleles across multiple loci, genetic architectures that reduce recombination, like chromosomal inversions, can make an important contribution to local adaptation. However, little is known about whether inversions also contribute disproportionately to parallel evolution. Our aim here is to highlight this knowledge gap, to showcase existing studies, and to illustrate the differences between genomic architectures with and without inversions using simple models. We predict that by generating stronger effective selection, inversions can sometimes speed up the parallel adaptive process or enable parallel adaptation where it would be impossible otherwise, but this is highly dependent on the spatial setting. We highlight that further empirical work is needed, in particular to cover a broader taxonomic range and to understand the relative importance of inversions compared to genomic regions without inversions.},
author = {Westram, Anja M and Faria, Rui and Johannesson, Kerstin and Butlin, Roger and Barton, Nicholas H},
issn = {1471-2970},
journal = {Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences},
keywords = {General Agricultural and Biological Sciences, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology},
number = {1856},
publisher = {Royal Society of London},
title = {{Inversions and parallel evolution}},
doi = {10.1098/rstb.2021.0203},
volume = {377},
year = {2022},
}
@article{11551,
abstract = {Imbalanced mitochondrial dNTP pools are known players in the pathogenesis of multiple human diseases. Here we show that, even under physiological conditions, dGTP is largely overrepresented among other dNTPs in mitochondria of mouse tissues and human cultured cells. In addition, a vast majority of mitochondrial dGTP is tightly bound to NDUFA10, an accessory subunit of complex I of the mitochondrial respiratory chain. NDUFA10 shares a deoxyribonucleoside kinase (dNK) domain with deoxyribonucleoside kinases in the nucleotide salvage pathway, though no specific function beyond stabilizing the complex I holoenzyme has been described for this subunit. We mutated the dNK domain of NDUFA10 in human HEK-293T cells while preserving complex I assembly and activity. The NDUFA10E160A/R161A shows reduced dGTP binding capacity in vitro and leads to a 50% reduction in mitochondrial dGTP content, proving that most dGTP is directly bound to the dNK domain of NDUFA10. This interaction may represent a hitherto unknown mechanism regulating mitochondrial dNTP availability and linking oxidative metabolism to DNA maintenance.},
author = {Molina-Granada, David and González-Vioque, Emiliano and Dibley, Marris G. and Cabrera-Pérez, Raquel and Vallbona-Garcia, Antoni and Torres-Torronteras, Javier and Sazanov, Leonid A and Ryan, Michael T. and Cámara, Yolanda and Martí, Ramon},
issn = {23993642},
journal = {Communications Biology},
number = {1},
publisher = {Springer Nature},
title = {{Most mitochondrial dGTP is tightly bound to respiratory complex I through the NDUFA10 subunit}},
doi = {10.1038/s42003-022-03568-6},
volume = {5},
year = {2022},
}
@article{11552,
abstract = {Rotational dynamics of D2 molecules inside helium nanodroplets is induced by a moderately intense femtosecond pump pulse and measured as a function of time by recording the yield of HeD+ ions, created through strong-field dissociative ionization with a delayed femtosecond probe pulse. The yield oscillates with a period of 185 fs, reflecting field-free rotational wave packet dynamics, and the oscillation persists for more than 500 periods. Within the experimental uncertainty, the rotational constant BHe of the in-droplet D2 molecule, determined by Fourier analysis, is the same as Bgas for an isolated D2 molecule. Our observations show that the D2 molecules inside helium nanodroplets essentially rotate as free D2 molecules.},
author = {Qiang, Junjie and Zhou, Lianrong and Lu, Peifen and Lin, Kang and Ma, Yongzhe and Pan, Shengzhe and Lu, Chenxu and Jiang, Wenyu and Sun, Fenghao and Zhang, Wenbin and Li, Hui and Gong, Xiaochun and Averbukh, Ilya Sh and Prior, Yehiam and Schouder, Constant A. and Stapelfeldt, Henrik and Cherepanov, Igor and Lemeshko, Mikhail and Jäger, Wolfgang and Wu, Jian},
issn = {10797114},
journal = {Physical Review Letters},
number = {24},
publisher = {American Physical Society},
title = {{Femtosecond rotational dynamics of D2 molecules in superfluid helium nanodroplets}},
doi = {10.1103/PhysRevLett.128.243201},
volume = {128},
year = {2022},
}
@article{11553,
abstract = {In holomorphic dynamics, complex box mappings arise as first return maps to wellchosen domains. They are a generalization of polynomial-like mapping, where the domain of the return map can have infinitely many components. They turned out to be extremely useful in tackling diverse problems. The purpose of this paper is:
• To illustrate some pathologies that can occur when a complex box mapping is not induced by a globally defined map and when its domain has infinitely many components, and to give conditions to avoid these issues.
• To show that once one has a box mapping for a rational map, these conditions can be assumed to hold in a very natural setting. Thus, we call such complex box mappings dynamically natural. Having such box mappings is the first step in tackling many problems in one-dimensional dynamics.
• Many results in holomorphic dynamics rely on an interplay between combinatorial and analytic techniques. In this setting, some of these tools are:
• the Enhanced Nest (a nest of puzzle pieces around critical points) from Kozlovski, Shen, van Strien (AnnMath 165:749–841, 2007), referred to below as KSS;
• the Covering Lemma (which controls the moduli of pullbacks of annuli) from Kahn and Lyubich (Ann Math 169(2):561–593, 2009);
• the QC-Criterion and the Spreading Principle from KSS.
The purpose of this paper is to make these tools more accessible so that they can be used as a ‘black box’, so one does not have to redo the proofs in new settings.
• To give an intuitive, but also rather detailed, outline of the proof from KSS and Kozlovski and van Strien (Proc Lond Math Soc (3) 99:275–296, 2009) of the following results for non-renormalizable dynamically natural complex box mappings:
• puzzle pieces shrink to points,
• (under some assumptions) topologically conjugate non-renormalizable polynomials and box mappings are quasiconformally conjugate.
• We prove the fundamental ergodic properties for dynamically natural box mappings. This leads to some necessary conditions for when such a box mapping supports a measurable invariant line field on its filled Julia set. These mappings
are the analogues of Lattès maps in this setting.
• We prove a version of Mañé’s Theorem for complex box mappings concerning expansion along orbits of points that avoid a neighborhood of the set of critical points.},
author = {Clark, Trevor and Drach, Kostiantyn and Kozlovski, Oleg and Strien, Sebastian Van},
issn = {2199-6806},
journal = {Arnold Mathematical Journal},
number = {2},
pages = {319--410},
publisher = {Springer Nature},
title = {{The dynamics of complex box mappings}},
doi = {10.1007/s40598-022-00200-7},
volume = {8},
year = {2022},
}
@article{11556,
abstract = {We revisit two basic Direct Simulation Monte Carlo Methods to model aggregation kinetics and extend them for aggregation processes with collisional fragmentation (shattering). We test the performance and accuracy of the extended methods and compare their performance with efficient deterministic finite-difference method applied to the same model. We validate the stochastic methods on the test problems and apply them to verify the existence of oscillating regimes in the aggregation-fragmentation kinetics recently detected in deterministic simulations. We confirm the emergence of steady oscillations of densities in such systems and prove the stability of the
oscillations with respect to fluctuations and noise.},
author = {Kalinov, Aleksei and Osinskiy, A.I. and Matveev, S.A. and Otieno, W. and Brilliantov, N.V.},
issn = {0021-9991},
journal = {Journal of Computational Physics},
keywords = {Computer Science Applications, Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous), Applied Mathematics, Computational Mathematics, Modeling and Simulation, Numerical Analysis},
publisher = {Elsevier},
title = {{Direct simulation Monte Carlo for new regimes in aggregation-fragmentation kinetics}},
doi = {10.1016/j.jcp.2022.111439},
volume = {467},
year = {2022},
}