@article{854, abstract = {Phylogenetic relationships between the extinct woolly mammoth (Mammuthus primigenius), and the Asian (Elephas maximus) and African savanna (Loxodonta africana) elephants remain unresolved. Here, we report the sequence of the complete mitochondrial genome (16,842 base pairs) of a woolly mammoth extracted from permafrost-preserved remains from the Pleistocene epoch - the oldest mitochondrial genome sequence determined to date. We demonstrate that well-preserved mitochondrial genome fragments, as long as ∼1,600-1700 base pairs, can be retrieved from pre-Holocene remains of an extinct species. Phylogenetic reconstruction of the Elephantinae clade suggests that M. primigenius and E. maximus are sister species that diverged soon after their common ancestor split from the L. africana lineage. Low nucleotide diversity found between independently determined mitochondrial genomic sequences of woolly mammoths separated geographically and in time suggests that north-eastern Siberia was occupied by a relatively homogeneous population of M. primigenius throughout the late Pleistocene.}, author = {Rogaev, Evgeny I and Moliaka, Yuri K and Malyarchuk, Boris A and Fyodor Kondrashov and Derenko, Miroslava V and Chumakov, Ilya M and Grigorenko, Anastasia P}, journal = {PLoS Biology}, number = {3}, pages = {0403 -- 0410}, publisher = {Public Library of Science}, title = {{Complete mitochondrial genome and phylogeny of pleistocene mammoth Mammuthus primigenius}}, doi = {10.1371/journal.pbio.0040073}, volume = {4}, year = {2006}, } @article{868, abstract = {Background: The glyoxylate cycle is thought to be present in bacteria, protists, plants, fungi, and nematodes, but not in other Metazoa. However, activity of the glyoxylate cycle enzymes, malate synthase (MS) and isocitrate lyase (ICL), in animal tissues has been reported. In order to clarify the status of the MS and ICL genes in animals and get an insight into their evolution, we undertook a comparative-genomic study. Results: Using sequence similarity searches, we identified MS genes in arthropods, echinoderms, and vertebrates, including platypus and opossum, but not in the numerous sequenced genomes of placental mammals. The regions of the placental mammals' genomes expected to code for malate synthase, as determined by comparison of the gene orders in vertebrate genomes, show clear similarity to the opossum MS sequence but contain stop codons, indicating that the MS gene became a pseudogene in placental mammals. By contrast, the ICL gene is undetectable in animals other than the nematodes that possess a bifunctional, fused ICL-MS gene. Examination of phylogenetic trees of MS and ICL suggests multiple horizontal gene transfer events that probably went in both directions between several bacterial and eukaryotic lineages. The strongest evidence was obtained for the acquisition of the bifunctional ICL-MS gene from an as yet unknown bacterial source with the corresponding operonic organization by the common ancestor of the nematodes. Conclusion: The distribution of the MS and ICL genes in animals suggests that either they encode alternative enzymes of the glyoxylate cycle that are not orthologous to the known MS and ICL or the animal MS acquired a new function that remains to be characterized. Regardless of the ultimate solution to this conundrum, the genes for the glyoxylate cycle enzymes present a remarkable variety of evolutionary events including unusual horizontal gene transfer from bacteria to animals.}, author = {Fyodor Kondrashov and Koonin, Eugene V and Morgunov, Igor G and Finogenova, Tatiana V and Kondrashova, Marie N}, journal = {Biology Direct}, publisher = {BioMed Central}, title = {{Evolution of glyoxylate cycle enzymes in Metazoa Evidence of multiple horizontal transfer events and pseudogene formation}}, doi = {10.1186/1745-6150-1-31}, volume = {1}, year = {2006}, } @article{869, abstract = {The impact of synonymous nucleotide substitutions on fitness in mammals remains controversial. Despite some indications of selective constraint, synonymous sites are often assumed to be neutral, and the rate of their evolution is used as a proxy for mutation rate. We subdivide all sites into four classes in terms of the mutable CpG context, nonCpG, postC, preG, and postCpreG, and compare four-fold synonymous sites and intron sites residing outside transposable elements. The distribution of the rate of evolution across all synonymous sites is trimodal. Rate of evolution at nonCpG synonymous sites, not preceded by C and not followed by G, is ∼10% below that at such intron sites. In contrast, rate of evolution at postCpreG synonymous sites is ∼30% above that at such intron sites. Finally, synonymous and intron postC and preG sites evolve at similar rates. The relationship between the levels of polymorphism at the corresponding synonymous and intron sites is very similar to that between their rates of evolution. Within every class, synonymous sites are occupied by G or C much more often than intron sites, whose nucleotide composition is consistent with neutral mutation-drift equilibrium. These patterns suggest that synonymous sites are under weak selection in favor of G and C, with the average coefficient s∼0.25/Ne∼10-5, where Ne is the effective population size. Such selection decelerates evolution and reduces variability at sites with symmetric mutation, but has the opposite effects at sites where the favored nucleotides are more mutable. The amino-acid composition of proteins dictates that many synonymous sites are CpGprone, which causes them, on average, to evolve faster and to be more polymorphic than intron sites. An average genotype carries ∼107 suboptimal nucleotides at synonymous sites, implying synergistic epistasis in selection against them.}, author = {Fyodor Kondrashov and Ogurtsov, Aleksey Yu and Kondrashov, Alexey S}, journal = {Journal of Theoretical Biology}, number = {4}, pages = {616 -- 626}, publisher = {Elsevier}, title = {{Selection in favor of nucleotides G and C diversifies evolution rates and levels of polymorphism at mammalian synonymous sites}}, doi = {10.1016/j.jtbi.2005.10.020}, volume = {240}, year = {2006}, } @article{873, abstract = {New genes commonly appear through complete or partial duplications of pre-existing genes. Duplications of long DNA segments are constantly produced by rare mutations, may become fixed in a population by selection or random drift, and are subject to divergent evolution of the paralogous sequences after fixation, although gene conversion can impede this process. New data shed some light on each of these processes. Mutations which involve duplications can occur through at least two different mechanisms, backward strand slippage during DNA replication and unequal crossing-over. The background rate of duplication of a complete gene in humans is 10-9-10-10 per generation, although many genes located within hot-spots of large-scale mutation are duplicated much more often. Many gene duplications affect fitness strongly, and are responsible, through gene dosage effects, for a number of genetic diseases. However, high levels of intrapopulation polymorphism caused by presence or absence of long, gene-containing DNA segments imply that some duplications are not under strong selection. The polymorphism to fixation ratios appear to be approximately the same for gene duplications and for presumably selectively neutral nucleotide substitutions, which, according to the McDonald-Kreitman test, is consistent with selective neutrality of duplications. However, this pattern can also be due to negative selection against most of segregating duplications and positive selection for at least some duplications which become fixed. Patterns in post-fixation evolution of duplicated genes do not easily reveal the causes of fixations. Many gene duplications which became fixed recently in a variety of organisms were positively selected because the increased expression of the corresponding genes was beneficial. The effects of gene dosage provide a unified framework for studying all phases of the life history of a gene duplication. Application of well-known methods of evolutionary genetics to accumulating data on new, polymorphic, and fixed duplication will enhance our understanding of the role of natural selection in the evolution by gene duplication.}, author = {Fyodor Kondrashov and Kondrashov, Alexey S}, journal = {Journal of Theoretical Biology}, number = {2}, pages = {141 -- 151}, publisher = {Elsevier}, title = {{Role of selection in fixation of gene duplications}}, doi = {10.1016/j.jtbi.2005.08.033}, volume = {239}, year = {2006}, } @article{1715, abstract = {Background: Cell-to-cell communication at the synapse involves synaptic transmission as well as signaling mediated by growth factors, which provide developmental and plasticity cues. There is evidence that a retrograde, presynaptic transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signaling event regulates synapse development and function in Drosophila. Results: Here we show that a postsynaptic TGF-β signaling event occurs during larval development. The type I receptor Thick veins (Tkv) and the R-Smad transcription factor Mothers-against-dpp (Mad) are localized postsynaptically in the muscle. Furthermore, Mad phosphorylation occurs in regions facing the presynaptic active zones of neurotransmitter release within the postsynaptic subsynaptic reticulum (SSR). In order to monitor in real time the levels of TGF-β signaling in the synapse during synaptic transmission, we have established a FRAP assay to measure Mad nuclear import/export in the muscle. We show that Mad nuclear trafficking depends on stimulation of the muscle. Conclusions: Our data suggest a mechanism linking synaptic transmission and postsynaptic TGF-β signaling that may coordinate nerve-muscle development and function.}, author = {Dudu, Veronika and Bittig, Thomas and Entchev, Eugeni and Kicheva, Anna and Julicher, Frank and González Gaitán, Marcos}, journal = {Current Biology}, number = {7}, pages = {625 -- 635}, publisher = {Cell Press}, title = {{Postsynaptic mad signaling at the Drosophila neuromuscular junction}}, doi = {10.1016/j.cub.2006.02.061}, volume = {16}, year = {2006}, } @article{1745, abstract = {SiGe islands grown by deposition of 10 monolayers of Ge on Si(0 0 1) at 740 °C were investigated by using a combination of selective wet chemical etching and atomic force microscopy. The used etchant, a solution consisting of ammonium hydroxide and hydrogen peroxide, shows a high selectivity of Ge over SixGe1-x and is characterized by relatively slow etching rates for Si-rich alloys. By performing successive etching experiments on the same sample area, we are able to gain a deeper insight into the lateral displacement the islands undergo during post growth annealing.}, author = {Georgios Katsaros and Rastelli, Armando and Stoffel, Mathieu and Isella, Giovanni and Von Känel, Hans and Bittner, Alexander M and Tersoff, Jerry and Denker, Ulrich and Schmidt, Oliver G and Costantini, Giovanni and Kern, Klaus}, journal = {Surface Science}, number = {12}, pages = {2608 -- 2613}, publisher = {Elsevier}, title = {{Investigating the lateral motion of SiGe islands by selective chemical etching}}, doi = {10.1016/j.susc.2006.04.027}, volume = {600}, year = {2006}, } @article{1746, abstract = {A microscopic picture for the GaAs overgrowth of self-organized InAs/GaAs(001) quantum dots is developed. Scanning tunneling microscopy measurements reveal two capping regimes: the first being characterized by a dot shrinking and a backward pyramid-to-dome shape transition. This regime is governed by fast dynamics resulting in island morphologies close to thermodynamic equilibrium. The second regime is marked by a true overgrowth and is controlled by kinetically limited surface diffusion processes. A simple model is developed to describe the observed structural changes which are rationalized in terms of energetic minimization driven by lattice mismatch and alloying.}, author = {Costantini, Giovanni and Rastelli, Armando and Manzano, Carlos and Acosta-Diaz, P and Songmuang, Rudeeson and Georgios Katsaros and Schmidt, Oliver G and Kern, Klaus}, journal = {Physical Review Letters}, number = {22}, publisher = {American Physical Society}, title = {{Interplay between thermodynamics and kinetics in the capping of InAs/GaAs (001) quantum dots}}, doi = {10.1103/PhysRevLett.96.226106}, volume = {96}, year = {2006}, } @article{1747, abstract = {We report on recent advances in the understanding of surface processes occurring during growth and post-growth annealing of strained islands which may find application as self-assembled quantum dots. We investigate the model system SiGe/Si(0 0 1) by a new approach based on "reading the footprints" which islands leave on the substrate during their growth and evolution. Such footprints consist of trenches carved in the Si substrate. We distinguish between surface footprints and footprints buried below the islands. The former allow us to discriminate islands which are in the process of growing from those which are shrinking. Islands with steep morphologies grow at the expense of smaller and shallower islands, consistent with the kinetics of anomalous coarsening. While shrinking, islands change their shape according to thermodynamic predictions. Buried footprints are investigated by removing the SiGe epilayer by means of selective wet chemical etching. Their reading shows that: (i) during post-growth annealing islands move laterally because of surface-mediated Si-Ge intermixing; (ii) a tree-ring structure of trenches is created by dislocated islands during their "cyclic" growth. This allows us to distinguish coherent from dislocated islands and to establish whether the latter are the result of island coalescence.}, author = {Rastelli, Armando and Stoffel, Mathieu and Georgios Katsaros and Tersoff, Jerry and Denker, Ulrich and Merdzhanova, Tsvetelina and Kar, Gouranga S and Costantini, Giovanni and Kern, Klaus and Von Känel, Hans and Schmidt, Oliver G}, journal = {Microelectronics Journal}, number = {12}, pages = {1471 -- 1476}, publisher = {Elsevier}, title = {{Reading the footprints of strained islands}}, doi = {10.1016/j.mejo.2006.05.029}, volume = {37}, year = {2006}, } @article{1748, abstract = {The authors apply selective wet chemical etching and atomic force microscopy to reveal the three-dimensional shape of SiGeSi (001) islands after capping with Si. Although the "self-assembled quantum dots" remain practically unaffected by capping in the temperature range of 300-450 °C, significant morphological changes take place on the Si surface. At 450 °C, the morphology of the capping layer (Si matrix) evolves toward an intriguing semifacetted structure, which we call a "ziggurat," giving the misleading impression of a stepped SiGe island shape.}, author = {Georgios Katsaros and Rastelli, Armando and Stoffel, Mathieu and Costantini, Giovanni and Schmidt, Oliver G and Kern, Klaus and Tersoff, Jerry and Müller, Elisabeth and Von Känel, Hans}, journal = {Applied Physics Letters}, number = {25}, publisher = {American Institute of Physics}, title = {{Evolution of buried semiconductor nanostructures and origin of stepped surface mounds during capping}}, doi = {10.1063/1.2405876}, volume = {89}, year = {2006}, } @article{1796, abstract = {Drugs that block the entry of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) into host cells abrogate the establishment of a productive infection and should ideally diminish the chances of HIV-1 developing resistance. This review will give an overview of the mechanism by which the envelope glycoprotein mediates HIV-1 entry and will summarize current drug developments.}, author = {Sandra Siegert and Schnierle, Peter and Schnierle, Barbara S}, journal = {Mini-Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry}, number = {5}, pages = {557 -- 562}, publisher = {Bentham Science Publishers}, title = {{Novel anti-viral therapy: Drugs that block HIV entry at different target sites}}, doi = {10.2174/138955706776876267}, volume = {6}, year = {2006}, } @article{1961, abstract = {Respiratory complex I plays a central role in cellular energy production in bacteria and mitochondria. Its dysfunction is implicated in many human neurodegenerative diseases, as well as in aging. The crystal structure of the hydrophilic domain (peripheral arm) of complex I from Thermus thermophilus has been solved at 3.3 angstrom resolution. This subcomplex consists of eight subunits and contains all the redox centers of the enzyme, including nine iron-sulfur clusters. The primary electron acceptor, flavin-mononucleotide, is within electron transfer distance of cluster N3, leading to the main redox pathway, and of the distal cluster Nia, a possible antioxidant. The structure reveals new aspects of the mechanism and evolution of the enzyme. The terminal cluster N2 is coordinated, uniquely, by two consecutive cysteines. The novel subunit Nqo15 has a similar fold to the mitochondrial iron chaperone frataxin, and it may be involved in iron-sulfur cluster regeneration in the complex. }, author = {Leonid Sazanov and Hinchliffe, Philip }, journal = {Science}, number = {5766}, pages = {1430 -- 1436}, publisher = {American Association for the Advancement of Science}, title = {{Structure of the hydrophilic domain of respiratory complex I from Thermus thermophilus}}, doi = {10.1126/science.1123809}, volume = {311}, year = {2006}, } @article{1966, abstract = {The hydrophilic domain (peripheral arm) of the proton-translocating NADH:quinone oxidoreductase (complex I) from the thermophilic organism Thermus thermophilus HB8 has been purified and characterized. The subcomplex is stable in sodium dodecyl sulfate up to 80 °C. Of nine iron-sulfur clusters, four to five (one or two binuclear and three tetranuclear) could be detected by EPR in the NADH-reduced enzyme. The preparation consists of eight different polypeptides. Seven of them have been positively identified by peptide mass mapping and N-terminal sequencing as known hydrophilic subunits of T. thermophilus complex I. The eighth polypeptide copurified with the subcomplex at all stages, is strongly associated with the other subunits, and is present in crystals of the subcomplex, used for X-ray data collection. Therefore, it has been identified as a novel complex I subunit and named Nqo15. It is encoded in a locus separate from the nqo operon, containing the 14 other known complex I genes. ORFs encoding Nqo15 homologues are present in the genomes of the closest relatives of T. thermophilus. Our data show that, contrary to previous assumptions, bacterial complex I can contain proteins in addition to a "core" complement of 14 subunits.}, author = {Hinchliffe, Philip and Carroll, Joe D and Leonid Sazanov}, journal = {Biochemistry}, number = {14}, pages = {4413 -- 4420}, publisher = {ACS}, title = {{Identification of a novel subunit of respiratory complex I from Thermus thermophilus}}, doi = {10.1021/bi0600998}, volume = {45}, year = {2006}, } @article{2066, abstract = {Although the X chromosome is usually similar to the autosomes in size and cytogenetic appearance, theoretical models predict that its hemizygosity in males may cause unusual patterns of evolution. The sequencing of several genomes has indeed revealed differences between the X chromosome and the autosomes in the rates of gene divergence, patterns of gene expression and rates of gene movement between chromosomes. A better understanding of these patterns should provide valuable information on the evolution of genes located on the X chromosome. It could also suggest solutions to more general problems in molecular evolution, such as detecting selection and estimating mutational effects on fitness}, author = {Beatriz Vicoso and Charlesworth, Brian}, journal = {Nature Reviews Genetics}, number = {8}, pages = {645 -- 653}, publisher = {Nature Publishing Group}, title = {{Evolution on the X chromosome: Unusual patterns and processes}}, doi = {10.1038/nrg1914}, volume = {7}, year = {2006}, } @inproceedings{2077, abstract = {We present an adaptive animation method for electrical discharges. Electrical discharges can be simulated using the dielectric breakdown model. Regular discretization of the governing Laplace equation leads to huge equation systems, and the computational cost of solving the equations quickly becomes prohibitive at high resolutions, especially for simulations in 3D. In contrast, our method discretizes the Laplace equation on an adaptive octree, reducing the size of the problem significantly, and making simulations of high resolution 3D datasets and even 3D animations feasible. In order to enhance realism for lightning animations, we propose a particle simulation that animates the residual positive charge. Thus, interaction of electrical discharges with their surroundings can be simulated.}, author = {Bernd Bickel and Wicke, Martin and Gross, Markus}, publisher = {IOS Press}, title = {{Adaptive simulation of electrical discharges}}, year = {2006}, } @inproceedings{2088, abstract = {We have measured 3D face geometry, skin reflectance, and subsurface scattering using custom-built devices for 149 subjects of varying age, gender, and race. We developed a novel skin reflectance model whose parameters can be estimated from measurements. The model decomposes the large amount of measured skin data into a spatially-varying analytic BRDF, a diffuse albedo map, and diffuse subsurface scattering. Our model is intuitive, physically plausible, and - since we do not use the original measured data - easy to edit as well. High-quality renderings come close to reproducing real photographs. The analysis of the model parameters for our sample population reveals variations according to subject age, gender, skin type, and external factors (e.g., sweat, cold, or makeup). Using our statistics, a user can edit the overall appearance of a face (e.g., changing skin type and age) or change small-scale features using texture synthesis (e.g., adding moles and freckles). We are making the collected statistics publicly available to the research community for applications in face synthesis and analysis. }, author = {Weyrich, Tim and Matusik, Wojciech and Pfister, Hanspeter and Bernd Bickel and Donner, Craig and Tu, Chien and McAndless, Janet M and Lee, Jinho and Ngan, Addy and Jensen, Henrik W and Groß, Markus S}, pages = {1013 -- 1024}, publisher = {ACM}, title = {{Analysis of human faces using a measurement-based skin reflectance model}}, doi = {10.1145/1179352.1141987}, year = {2006}, } @article{2089, abstract = {We have measured 3D face geometry, skin reflectance, and subsurface scattering using custom-built devices for 149 subjects of varying age, gender, and race. We developed a novel skin reflectance model whose parameters can be estimated from measurements. The model decomposes the large amount of measured skin data into a spatially-varying analytic BRDF, a diffuse albedo map, and diffuse subsurface scattering. Our model is intuitive, physically plausible, and - since we do not use the original measured data - easy to edit as well. High-quality renderings come close to reproducing real photographs. The analysis of the model parameters for our sample population reveals variations according to subject age, gender, skin type, and external factors (e.g., sweat, cold, or makeup). Using our statistics, a user can edit the overall appearance of a face (e.g., changing skin type and age) or change small-scale features using texture synthesis (e.g., adding moles and freckles). We are making the collected statistics publicly available to the research community for applications in face synthesis and analysis.}, author = {Weyrich, Tim and Matusik, Wojciech and Pfister, Hanspeter and Bernd Bickel and Donner, Craig and Tu, Chien and McAndless, Janet M and Lee, Jinho and Ngan, Addy and Jensen, Henrik W and Groß, Markus S}, journal = {ACM Transactions on Graphics}, number = {3}, pages = {1013 -- 1024}, publisher = {ACM}, title = {{Analysis of human faces using a measurement-based skin reflectance model}}, doi = {10.1145/1141911.1141987}, volume = {25}, year = {2006}, } @inproceedings{2090, author = {Bernd Bickel and Weyrich, Tim and Matusik, Wojciech and Pfister, Hanspeter and Donner, Craig and Tu, Chien and McAndless, Janet M and Lee, Jinho and Ngan, Addy and Jensen, Henrik W and Groß, Markus S}, publisher = {ACM}, title = {{Processing and editing of faces using a measurement-based skin reflectance model}}, doi = {10.1145/1179849.1180059}, year = {2006}, } @article{213, abstract = {For any integers d,n ≥2, let X ⊂ Pn be a non‐singular hypersurface of degree d that is defined over the rational numbers. The main result in this paper is a proof that the number of rational points on X which have height at most B is O(Bn − 1 + ɛ), for any ɛ > 0. The implied constant in this estimate depends at most upon d, ɛ and n. 2000 Mathematics Subject Classification 11D45 (primary), 11G35, 14G05 (secondary).}, author = {Timothy Browning and Heath-Brown, Roger and Starr, Jason M}, journal = {Proceedings of the London Mathematical Society}, number = {2}, pages = {273 -- 303}, publisher = {John Wiley and Sons Ltd}, title = {{The density of rational points on non-singular hypersurfaces, II}}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1112/S0024611506015784}, volume = {93}, year = {2006}, } @article{2134, abstract = {Predissociation of the N+2 C 2Σ+u(v') vibrational levels with v' ≥ 3 was observed via dispersed C 2Σ+u → X 2Σ+g fluorescence in the spectral range of 165–208 nm after resonant 1s−1π*(vr) excitation of N2 and its subsequent autoionization into the N+2 C state. This range is dominated by lines in atomic nitrogen, by overlapped C 2Σ+u(v') → X 2Σ+g(v'') vibrational band sequences with Δv = const and broad unresolved band systems (D, (2))2Πg(v') → A2Πu(v'') in the N+2 molecular ion. With very high fluorescence resolution of about 0.1 nm FWHM individual C 2Σ+u(v') → X 2Σ+g(v'') vibrational bands have been resolved. Calculation of the observed fluorescence spectra by taking into account predissociation and molecular rotation describes well the shape of both individual vibrational bands C 2Σ+u(v') → X 2Σ+g(v'') and the whole band system.}, author = {Ehresmann, Arno and Werner, Lutz and Klumpp, Stefan and Demekhin, Ph V and Mikhail Lemeshko and Sukhorukov, V. L and Schartner, Karl H and Schmoranzer, Hans P}, journal = {Journal of Physics B: Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics}, number = {6}, pages = {L119 -- L126}, publisher = {IOP Publishing Ltd.}, title = {{Predissociation of the N+2(C 2Σ+u) state observed via C 2Σ+u → X 2Σ+g fluorescence after resonant 1s−1π* excitation of N2 molecule}}, doi = {10.1088/0953-4075/39/6/L03}, volume = {39}, year = {2006}, } @article{2142, abstract = {Fluorescence from fragments formed after the de-excitation of the N*2(1s−1π*) resonance has been measured in the spectral range of 135–190 nm. This range is dominated by lines in atomic nitrogen and lines formed by overlapping C2Σ+u(v') → X2Σ+g(v'') bands with Δv = const in the N+2 molecular ion which result from the spectator Auger decays of the N*2(1s−1π*(vr)) resonances. Ab initio calculations of the corresponding potential curves and transition probabilities showed that the observed irregular intensity dependence of the C2Σ+u(v') → X2Σ+g(v'')(Δv = const) fluorescence lines on the vibrational quantum number vr is due to transitions between vibrational levels during the reaction N2(v0 = 0)→ N*2(1s−1π*(vr)) Longrightarrow C2Σ+u(v') → X2Σ+g(v'').}, author = {Ehresmann, Arno and Werner, Lutz and Klumpp, Stefan and Lucht, S and Schmoranzer, Hans P and Mickat, Sascha and Schill, Rüdiger H and Schartner, Karl H and Demekhin, Philipp and Mikhail Lemeshko and Sukhorukov, Victor L}, journal = {Journal of Physics B: Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics}, number = {2}, pages = {283 -- 304}, publisher = {IOP Publishing Ltd.}, title = {{Studying the N+2(C2Σ+u → X2Σ+g) fluorescence excited via the 1s−1π* resonance}}, doi = {10.1088/0953-4075/39/2/006}, volume = {39}, year = {2006}, }