@inbook{3791,
  abstract     = {During the development of multicellular organisms, cell fate specification is followed by the sorting of different cell types into distinct domains from where the different tissues and organs are formed. Cell sorting involves both the segregation of a mixed population of cells with different fates and properties into distinct domains, and the active maintenance of their segregated state. Because of its biological importance and apparent resemblance to fluid segregation in physics, cell sorting was extensively studied by both biologists and physicists over the last decades. Different theories were developed that try to explain cell sorting on the basis of the physical properties of the constituent cells. However, only recently the molecular and cellular mechanisms that control the physical properties driving cell sorting, have begun to be unraveled. In this review, we will provide an overview of different cell-sorting processes in development and discuss how these processes can be explained by the different sorting theories, and how these theories in turn can be connected to the molecular and cellular mechanisms driving these processes.},
  author       = {Krens, Gabriel and Heisenberg, Carl-Philipp J},
  booktitle    = {Forces and Tension in Development},
  editor       = {Labouesse, Michel},
  pages        = {189 -- 213},
  publisher    = {Elsevier},
  title        = {{Cell sorting in development}},
  doi          = {10.1016/B978-0-12-385065-2.00006-2},
  volume       = {95},
  year         = {2011},
}

@inbook{3796,
  abstract     = {We address the problem of covering ℝ n with congruent balls, while minimizing the number of balls that contain an average point. Considering the 1-parameter family of lattices defined by stretching or compressing the integer grid in diagonal direction, we give a closed formula for the covering density that depends on the distortion parameter. We observe that our family contains the thinnest lattice coverings in dimensions 2 to 5. We also consider the problem of packing congruent balls in ℝ n , for which we give a closed formula for the packing density as well. Again we observe that our family contains optimal configurations, this time densest packings in dimensions 2 and 3.},
  author       = {Edelsbrunner, Herbert and Kerber, Michael},
  booktitle    = {Rainbow of Computer Science},
  editor       = {Calude, Cristian and Rozenberg, Grzegorz and Salomaa, Arto},
  pages        = {20 -- 35},
  publisher    = {Springer},
  title        = {{Covering and packing with spheres by diagonal distortion in R^n}},
  doi          = {10.1007/978-3-642-19391-0_2},
  volume       = {6570},
  year         = {2011},
}

@article{386,
  abstract     = {We present a detailed study of the local density of states (LDOS) associated with the surface-state band near a step edge of the strong topological insulator Bi2Te3 and reveal a one-dimensional bound state that runs parallel to the step edge and is bound to it at some characteristic distance. This bound state is clearly observed in the bulk gap region, while it becomes entangled with the oscillations of the warped surface band at high energy, and with the valence-band states near the Dirac point. We obtain excellent fits to theoretical predictions [Alpichshev, 2011] that properly incorporate the three-dimensional nature of the problem to the surface state. Fitting the data at different energies, we can recalculate the LDOS originating from the Dirac band without the contribution of the bulk bands or incoherent tunneling effects. },
  author       = {Alpichshev, Zhanybek and Analytis, J G and Chu, J H and Fisher, I R and Kapitulnik, A},
  journal      = {Physical Review B - Condensed Matter and Materials Physics},
  number       = {4},
  publisher    = {American Physical Society},
  title        = {{STM imaging of a bound state along a step on the surface of the topological insulator Bi2Te3}},
  doi          = {10.1103/PhysRevB.84.041104},
  volume       = {84},
  year         = {2011},
}

@article{3965,
  abstract     = {The elevation function on a smoothly embedded 2-manifold in R-3 reflects the multiscale topography of cavities and protrusions as local maxima. The function has been useful in identifying coarse docking configurations for protein pairs. Transporting the concept from the smooth to the piecewise linear category, this paper describes an algorithm for finding all local maxima. While its worst-case running time is the same as of the algorithm used in prior work, its performance in practice is orders of magnitudes superior. We cast light on this improvement by relating the running time to the total absolute Gaussian curvature of the 2-manifold.},
  author       = {Wang, Bei and Edelsbrunner, Herbert and Morozov, Dmitriy},
  journal      = {Journal of Experimental Algorithmics},
  number       = {2.2},
  pages        = {1 -- 13},
  publisher    = {ACM},
  title        = {{Computing elevation maxima by searching the Gauss sphere}},
  doi          = {10.1145/1963190.1970375},
  volume       = {16},
  year         = {2011},
}

@article{2442,
  abstract     = {In a new study published in this issue of Developmental Cell, Krouk et al. reveal a surprising mechanism by which plant root systems adapt their architecture for soil exploitation. The dual transporter NRT1.1 uses both nitrate and the plant hormone auxin as substrates, enabling soil nitrate availability to regulate auxin-driven lateral root development.},
  author       = {Beeckman, Tom and Friml, Jirí},
  journal      = {Developmental Cell},
  number       = {6},
  pages        = {877 -- 878},
  publisher    = {Cell Press},
  title        = {{Nitrate Contra Auxin: Nutrient Sensing by roots}},
  doi          = {10.1016/j.devcel.2010.05.020},
  volume       = {18},
  year         = {2010},
}

@article{2503,
  abstract     = {Epilepsy is a devastating and poorly understood disease. Mutations in a secreted neuronal protein, leucine-rich glioma inactivated 1 (LGI1), were reported in patients with an inherited form of human epilepsy, autosomal dominant partial epilepsy with auditory features (ADPEAF). Here, we report an essential role of LGI1 as an antiepileptogenic ligand. We find that loss of LGI1 in mice (LGI1-/-) causes lethal epilepsy, which is specifically rescued by the neuronal expression of LGI1 transgene, but not LGI3. Moreover, heterozygous mice for the LGI1 mutation (LGI1+/-) show lowered seizure thresholds. Extracellularly secreted LGI1 links two epilepsy-related receptors, ADAM22 and ADAM23, in the brain and organizes a transsynaptic protein complex that includes presynaptic potassium channels and postsynaptic AMPA receptor scaffolds. A lack of LGI1 disrupts this synaptic protein connection and selectively reduces AMPA receptor-mediated synaptic transmission in the hippocampus. Thus, LGI1 may serve as a major determinant of brain excitation, and the LGI1 gene-targeted mouse provides a good model for human epilepsy.},
  author       = {Fukata, Yuko and Lovero, Kathryn L and Iwanaga, Tsuyoshi and Watanabe, Atsushi and Yokoi, Norihiko and Tabuchi, Katsuhiko and Ryuichi Shigemoto and Nicoll, Roger A and Fukata, Masaki},
  journal      = {PNAS},
  number       = {8},
  pages        = {3799 -- 3804},
  publisher    = {National Academy of Sciences},
  title        = {{Disruption of LGI1-linked synaptic complex causes abnormal synaptic transmission and epilepsy}},
  doi          = {10.1073/pnas.0914537107},
  volume       = {107},
  year         = {2010},
}

@article{2504,
  abstract     = {We present a method for immunolabeling of multiple species of membrane proteins with high spatial resolution. It allows differentiation of equally sized very small markers with different chemical compositions, which leads to high labeling efficiency and reduces steric hindrance of closely spaced immunolabeled biomolecules. Markers such as CdSe/ZnS semiconductor quantum dots and colloidal gold particles are distinguished by differential contrast in high-angle annular detector dark-field STEM mode or by EDX microanalysis of their elemental contents. This method was tested by observation of labeled AMPA- and NMDA-type glutamate receptors on sodium-dodecyl-sulfate-digested replica prepared from rat hippocampus. To improve particle visibility and detectability, the replica films were made exclusively with carbon to avoid the high background of conventional platinum/carbon replica. Extension of the method is suggested by detection of 1.4 nm nanogold particles and its potential application in the biological imaging research.},
  author       = {Loukanov, Alexandre R and Kamasawa, Naomi and Danev, Radostin S and Ryuichi Shigemoto and Nagayama, Kuniaki},
  journal      = {Ultramicroscopy},
  number       = {4},
  pages        = {366 -- 374},
  publisher    = {Elsevier},
  title        = {{Immunolocalization of multiple membrane proteins on a carbon replica with STEM and EDX}},
  doi          = {10.1016/j.ultramic.2010.01.016},
  volume       = {110},
  year         = {2010},
}

@article{2505,
  abstract     = {Cbln1, secreted from cerebellar granule cells, and the orphan glutamate receptor 52 (GluD2), expressed by Purkinje cells, are essential for synapse integrity between these neurons in adult mice. Nevertheless, no endogenous binding partners for these molecules have been identified. We found that Cblnl binds directly to the N-terminal domain of GluD2. GluD2 expression by postsynaptic cells, combined with exogenously applied Cbln1, was necessary and sufficient to induce new synapses in vitro and in the adult cerebellum in vivo. Further, beads coated with recombinant Cbln1 directly induced presynaptic differentiation and indirectly caused clustering of postsynaptic molecules via GluD2. These results indicate that the Cbln1-GluD2 complex is a unique synapse organizer that acts bidirectionally on both pre- and postsynaptic components.},
  author       = {Matsuda, Keiko and Miura, Eriko and Miyazaki, Taisuke and Kakegawa, Wataru and Emi, Kyoichi and Narumi, Sakae and Fukazawa, Yugo and Ito-lshida, Aya and Kondo, Tetsuro and Ryuichi Shigemoto and Watanabe, Masahiko and Yuzaki, Michisuke},
  journal      = {Science},
  number       = {5976},
  pages        = {363 -- 368},
  publisher    = {American Association for the Advancement of Science},
  title        = {{Cbln1 is a ligand for an orphan glutamate receptor δ2, a bidirectional synapse organizer}},
  doi          = {10.1126/science.1185152},
  volume       = {328},
  year         = {2010},
}

@article{2506,
  abstract     = {Subepithelial fibroblasts of the intestinal villi, which form a contractile cellular network beneath the epithelium, are in close contact with epithelial cells, nerve varicosities, capillaries, smooth muscles and immune cells, and secrete extracellular matrix molecules, growth factors and cytokines, etc. Cultured subepithelial fibroblasts of the rat duodenal villi display various receptors such as endothelins, ATP, substance-P and bradykinin, and release ATP in response to mechanical stimulation. In this study, the presence of functional NK1 receptors (NK1R) was pharmacologically confirmed in primary culture by Ca 2+ measurement, and the effects of substance-P were measured in an acute preparation of epithelium-free duodenal villi from 2- to 3-week-old rats using a two-photon laser microscope. Substance-P elicited an increase in the intracellular Ca 2+ concentration and contraction of the subepithelial fibroblasts in culture and the isolated villi. The localization of NK1R and substance-P in the villi was examined by light and electron microscopic immunohistochemistry. NK1R-like immunoreactivity was intensely localized on the plasma membrane of villous subepithelial fibroblasts in 10-day- to 4-week-old rats and mice and was decreased or absent in adulthood. The pericryptal fibroblasts of the small and large intestine were NK1R immuno-negative. These villous subepithelial fibroblasts form synapse-like structures with both substance-P-immunopositive and -immunonegative nerve varicosities. Here, we propose that the mutual interaction between villous subepithelial fibroblasts and afferent neurons via substance-P and ATP plays important roles in the maturation of the structure and function of the small intestine.},
  author       = {Furuya, Sonoko and Furuya, Kishio and Ryuichi Shigemoto and Sokabe, Masahiro},
  journal      = {Cell and Tissue Research},
  number       = {2},
  pages        = {243 -- 259},
  publisher    = {Springer},
  title        = {{Localization of NK1 receptors and roles of substance-P in subepithelial fibroblasts of rat intestinal villi}},
  doi          = {10.1007/s00441-010-1056-7},
  volume       = {342},
  year         = {2010},
}

@article{2507,
  abstract     = {T-type calcium channels play a pivotal role in regulating neural membrane excitability in the nervous system. However, the precise subcellular distributions of T-type channel subunits and their implication for membrane excitability are not well understood. Here we investigated the subcellular distribution of the α1G subunit of the calcium channel which is expressed highly in the mouse dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus (dLGN). Light microscopic analysis demonstrated that dLGN exhibits intense immunoperoxidase reactivity for the α1G subunit. Electron microscopic observation showed that the labeling was present in both the relay cells and interneurons and was found in the somatodendritic, but not axonal, domains of these cells. Most of the immunogold particles for the α1G subunit were either associated with the plasma membrane or the intracellular membranes. Reconstruction analysis of serial electron microscopic images revealed that the intensity of the intracellular labeling exhibited a gradient such that the labeling density was higher in the proximal dendrite and progressively decreased towards the distal dendrite. In contrast, the plasma membrane-associated particles were distributed with a uniform density over the somatodendritic surface of dLGN cells. The labeling density in the relay cell plasma membrane was about 3-fold higher than that of the interneurons. These results provide ultrastructural evidence for cell-type-specific expression levels and for uniform expression density of the α1G subunit over the plasma membrane of dLGN cells.},
  author       = {Parajuli, Laxmi K and Fukazawa, Yugo and Watanabe, Masahiko and Ryuichi Shigemoto},
  journal      = {Journal of Comparative Neurology},
  number       = {21},
  pages        = {4362 -- 4374},
  publisher    = {Wiley-Blackwell},
  title        = {{Subcellular distribution of α1G subunit of T-type calcium channel in the mouse dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus}},
  doi          = {10.1002/cne.22461},
  volume       = {518},
  year         = {2010},
}

@article{2508,
  abstract     = {The activity patterns of subthalamic nucleus (STN) neurons are intimately linked to motor function and dysfunction and arise through the complex interaction of intrinsic properties and inhibitory and excitatory synaptic inputs. In many neurons, hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated (HCN) channels play key roles in intrinsic excitability and synaptic integration both under normal conditions and in disease states. However, in STN neurons, which strongly express HCN channels, their roles remain relatively obscure. To address this deficit, complementary molecular and cellular electrophysiological, imaging, and computational approaches were applied to the rat STN. Molecular profiling demonstrated that individual STN neurons express mRNA encoding several HCN subunits, with HCN2 and 3 being the most abundant. Light and electron microscopic analysis showed that HCN2 subunits are strongly expressed and distributed throughout the somatodendritic plasma membrane. Voltage-, current-, and dynamic-clamp analysis, two-photon Ca 2+ imaging, and computational modeling revealed that HCN channels are activated by GABA A receptor-mediated inputs and thus limit synaptic hyperpolarization and deinactivation of low-voltage-activated Ca 2+ channels. Although HCN channels also limited the temporal summation of EPSPs, generated through two-photon uncaging of glutamate, this action was largely shunted by GABAergic inhibition that was necessary for HCN channel activation. Together the data demonstrate that HCN channels in STN neurons selectively counteract GABA A receptor-mediated inhibition arising from the globus pallidus and thus promote single-spike activity rather than rebound burst firing. },
  author       = {Atherton, Jeremy F and Kitano, Katsunori and Baufreton, Jérôme and Fan, Kai and Wokosin, David L and Tkatch, Tatiana and Ryuichi Shigemoto and Surmeier, James D and Bevan, Mark D},
  journal      = {Journal of Neuroscience},
  number       = {47},
  pages        = {16025 -- 16040},
  publisher    = {Society for Neuroscience},
  title        = {{Selective participation of somatodendritic HCN channels in inhibitory but not excitatory synaptic integration in neurons of the subthalamic nucleus}},
  doi          = {10.1523/JNEUROSCI.3898-10.2010},
  volume       = {30},
  year         = {2010},
}

@article{2509,
  abstract     = {Hippocampal CA1 pyramidal cells, which receive γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)ergic input from at least 18 types of presynaptic neuron, express 14 subunits of the pentameric GABAA receptor. The relative contribution of any subunit to synaptic and extrasynaptic receptors influences the dynamics of GABA and drug actions. Synaptic receptors mediate phasic GABA-evoked conductance and extrasynaptic receptors contribute to a tonic conductance. We used freeze-fracture replica-immunogold labelling, a sensitive quantitative immunocytochemical method, to detect synaptic and extrasynaptic pools of the alpha1, alpha2 and beta3 subunits. Antibodies to the cytoplasmic loop of the subunits showed immunogold particles concentrated on distinct clusters of intramembrane particles (IMPs) on the cytoplasmic face of the plasma membrane on the somata, dendrites and axon initial segments, with an abrupt decrease in labelling at the edge of the IMP cluster. Neuroligin-2, a GABAergic synapse-specific adhesion molecule, co-labels all beta3 subunit-rich IMP clusters, therefore we considered them synapses. Double-labelling for two subunits showed that virtually all somatic synapses contain the alpha1, alpha2 and beta3 subunits. The extrasynaptic plasma membrane of the somata, dendrites and dendritic spines showed low-density immunolabelling. Synaptic labelling densities on somata for the alpha1, alpha2 and beta3 subunits were 78-132, 94 and 79 times higher than on the extrasynaptic membranes, respectively. As GABAergic synapses occupy 0.72% of the soma surface, the fraction of synaptic labelling was 33-48 (alpha1), 40 (alpha2) and 36 (beta3)% of the total somatic surface immunolabelling. Assuming similar antibody access to all receptors, about 60% of these subunits are in extrasynaptic receptors.},
  author       = {Kasugai, Yu and Swinny, Jerome D and Roberts, John D and Dalezios, Yannis and Fukazawa, Yugo and Sieghart, Werner C and Ryuichi Shigemoto and Somogyi, Péter},
  journal      = {European Journal of Neuroscience},
  number       = {11},
  pages        = {1868 -- 1888},
  publisher    = {Wiley-Blackwell},
  title        = {{Quantitative localisation of synaptic and extrasynaptic GABAA receptor subunits on hippocampal pyramidal cells by freeze-fracture replica immunolabelling}},
  doi          = {10.1111/j.1460-9568.2010.07473.x},
  volume       = {32},
  year         = {2010},
}

@article{2510,
  abstract     = {Neurons in the laterocapsular division of the central nucleus of the amygdala (CeC), which is known as the "nociceptive amygdala," receive glutamatergic inputs from the parabrachial nucleus (PB) and the basolateral nucleus of amygdala (BLA), which convey nociceptive information from the dorsal horn of the spinal cord and polymodal information from the thalamus and cortex, respectively. Here, we examined the ultrastructural properties of PB- and BLA-CeC synapses identified with EGFP-expressing lentivirus in rats. In addition, the density of synaptic AMPA receptors (AMPARs) on CeC neurons was studied by using highly sensitive SDS-digested freeze-fracture replica labeling (SDS-FRL). Afferents from the PB made asymmetrical synapses mainly on dendritic shafts (88%), whereas those from the BLA were on dendritic spines (81%). PB-CeC synapses in dendritic shafts were significantly larger (median 0.072 μm 2) than BLA-CeC synapses in spines (median 0.058 μm 2; P = 0.02). The dendritic shafts that made synapses with PB fibers were also significantly larger than those that made synapses with BLA fibers, indicating that the PB fibers make synapses on more proximal parts of dendrites than the BLA fibers. SDS-FRL revealed that almost all excitatory postsynaptic sites have AMPARs in the CeC. The density of AMPAR-specific gold particles in individual synapses was significantly higher in spine synapses (median 510 particles/μm 2) than in shaft synapses (median 427 particles/μm 2; P = 0.01). These results suggest that distinct synaptic impacts from PB- and BLA-CeC pathways contribute to the integration of nociceptive and polymodal information in the CeC.},
  author       = {Dong, Yu-Lin and Fukazawa, Yugo and Wang, Wen and Kamasawa, Naomi and Ryuichi Shigemoto},
  journal      = {Journal of Comparative Neurology},
  number       = {23},
  pages        = {4771 -- 4791},
  publisher    = {Wiley-Blackwell},
  title        = {{Differential postsynaptic compartments in the laterocapsular division of the central nucleus of amygdala for afferents from the parabrachial nucleus and the basolateral nucleus in the rat}},
  doi          = {10.1002/cne.22487},
  volume       = {518},
  year         = {2010},
}

@article{2701,
  abstract     = {We consider N × N Hermitian random matrices with independent identically distributed entries (Wigner matrices). The matrices are normalized so that the average spacing between consecutive eigenvalues is of order 1/ N. Under suitable assumptions on the distribution of the single matrix element, we first prove that, away from the spectral edges, the empirical density of eigenvalues concentrates around the Wigner semicircle law on energy scales η ≫ N -1. This result establishes the semicircle law on the optimal scale and it removes a logarithmic factor from our previous result [6]. We then show a Wegner estimate, i.e., that the averaged density of states is bounded. Finally, we prove that the eigenvalues of a Wigner matrix repel each other, in agreement with the universality conjecture.},
  author       = {László Erdös and Schlein, Benjamin and Yau, Horng-Tzer},
  journal      = {International Mathematics Research Notices},
  number       = {3},
  pages        = {436 -- 479},
  publisher    = {Oxford University Press},
  title        = {{Wegner estimate and level repulsion for Wigner random matrices}},
  doi          = {10.1093/imrn/rnp136},
  year         = {2010},
}

@article{2704,
  abstract     = {Consider a system of N bosons in three dimensions interacting via a repulsive short range pair potential N2V(N(xi-xj)), where x = (x1, ..., xN) denotes the positions of the particles. Let HN, denote the Hamiltonian of the system and let ψN,t be the solution to the Schrödinger equation. Suppose that the initial data ψN,0 satisfies the energy condition 〈 ψ N,0,Hk N ψN,0〉 ≤ CkNk for k =1, 2, ....We also assume that the k-particle density matrices of the initial state are asymptotically factorized as N →∞1. We prove that the k-particle density matrices of ψN,t are also asymptotically factorized and the one particle orbital wave function solves the Gross-Pitaevskii equation, a cubic nonlinear Schrödinger equation with the coupling constant given by the scattering length of the potential V. We also prove the same conclusion if the energy condition holds only for k=1 but the factorization of ψN,0 is assumed in a stronger sense.},
  author       = {László Erdös and Schlein, Benjamin and Yau, Horng-Tzer},
  journal      = {Annals of Mathematics},
  number       = {1},
  pages        = {291 -- 370},
  publisher    = {Princeton University Press},
  title        = {{Derivation of the Gross-Pitaevskii equation for the dynamics of Bose-Einstein condensate}},
  doi          = {10.4007/annals.2010.172.291},
  volume       = {172},
  year         = {2010},
}

@article{2756,
  abstract     = {We consider a large atom with nuclear charge Z described by non-relativistic quantum mechanics with classical or quantized electromagnetic field. We prove that the absolute ground state energy, allowing for minimizing over all possible self-generated electromagnetic fields, is given by the non-magnetic Thomas-Fermi theory to leading order in the simultaneous Z → ∞, α → 0 limit if Zα2 ≤ κ for some universal κ, where α is the fine structure constant.},
  author       = {László Erdös and Solovej, Jan P},
  journal      = {Communications in Mathematical Physics},
  number       = {1},
  pages        = {229 -- 249},
  publisher    = {Springer},
  title        = {{Ground state energy of large atoms in a self-generated magnetic field}},
  doi          = {10.1007/s00220-009-0869-2},
  volume       = {294},
  year         = {2010},
}

@article{2761,
  abstract     = {We consider N × N Hermitian random matrices with independent identically distributed entries (Wigner matrices). We assume that the distribution of the entries have a Gaussian component with variance N 3/4+β for some positive β > 0. We prove that the local eigenvalue statistics follows the universal Dyson sine kernel.},
  author       = {László Erdös and Ramírez, José A and Schlein, Benjamin and Yau, Horng-Tzer},
  journal      = {Electronic Journal of Probability},
  number       = {18},
  pages        = {526 -- 603},
  publisher    = {Institute of Mathematical Statistics},
  title        = {{Universality of sine-kernel for Wigner matrices with a small Gaussian perturbation}},
  doi          = {10.1214/EJP.v15-768},
  volume       = {15},
  year         = {2010},
}

@article{2762,
  abstract     = {We consider N ×N Hermitian Wigner random matrices H where the probabilitydensity for each matrix element is given by the density v(x)=e-U(x). We prove that the eigenvalue statistics in the bulk are given by the Dyson sine kernel provided that U ∈ C 6(R{double-struck}) with at most polynomially growing derivatives and v(x)≤C e-c(x) for x large. The proof is based upon an approximate time reversal of the Dyson Brownian motion combined with the convergence of the eigenvalue density to the Wigner semicircle law on short scales.},
  author       = {László Erdös and Ramírez, José A and Yau, Horng-Tzer and Péché, Sandrine and Schlein, Benjamin},
  journal      = {Communications on Pure and Applied Mathematics},
  number       = {7},
  pages        = {895 -- 925},
  publisher    = {Wiley-Blackwell},
  title        = {{Bulk universality for Wigner matrices}},
  doi          = {10.1002/cpa.20317},
  volume       = {63},
  year         = {2010},
}

@article{2763,
  abstract     = {In this paper, we consider the ensemble of n×n Wigner Hermitian matrices H = (hℓk)1≤ℓ,k≤n that generalize the Gaussian unitary ensemble (GUE). The matrix elements hℓk = h̄ℓk are given by hℓk = n ?1/2(xℓk + √?1yℓk), where xℓk, yℓk for 1 ≤ ℓ < k ≤ n are i.i.d. random variables with mean zero and variance 1/2, yℓ ℓ = 0 and xℓ ℓ have mean zero and variance 1. We assume the distribution of xℓk, yℓk to have subexponential decay. In [3], four of the authors recently established that the gap distribution and averaged k-point correlation of these matrices were universal (and in particular, agreed with those for GUE) assuming additional regularity hypotheses on the xℓk, yℓk. In [7], the other two authors, using a different method, established the same conclusion assuming instead some moment and support conditions on the xℓk, yℓk. In this short note we observe that the arguments of [3] and [7] can be combined to establish universality of the gap distribution and averaged k-point correlations for all Wigner matrices (with subexponentially decaying entries), with no extra assumptions.},
  author       = {László Erdös and Ramírez, José A and Schlein, Benjamin and Tao, Terence and Van, Vu and Yau, Horng-Tzer},
  journal      = {Mathematical Research Letters},
  number       = {4},
  pages        = {667 -- 674},
  publisher    = {International Press},
  title        = {{Bulk universality for Wigner Hermitian matrices with subexponential decay}},
  volume       = {17},
  year         = {2010},
}

@article{2798,
  abstract     = {Flows through pipes and channels are the most common means to transport fluids in practical applications and equally occur in numerous natural systems. In general, the transfer of fluids is energetically far more efficient if the motion is smooth and laminar because the friction losses are lower. However, even at moderate velocities pipe and channel flows are sensitive to minute disturbances, and in practice most flows are turbulent. Investigating the motion and spatial distribution of vortices, we uncovered an amplification mechanism that constantly feeds energy from the mean shear into turbulent eddies. At intermediate flow rates, a simple control mechanism suffices to intercept this energy transfer by reducing inflection points in the velocity profile. When activated, an immediate collapse of turbulence is observed, and the flow relaminarizes.},
  author       = {Björn Hof and de Lózar, Alberto and Avila, Marc and Xiaoyun Tu and Schneider, Tobias M},
  journal      = {Science},
  number       = {5972},
  pages        = {1491 -- 1494},
  publisher    = {American Association for the Advancement of Science},
  title        = {{Eliminating turbulence in spatially intermittent flows}},
  doi          = {10.1126/science.1186091},
  volume       = {327},
  year         = {2010},
}