@article{8499,
  abstract     = {We consider the cubic defocusing nonlinear Schrödinger equation in the two dimensional torus. Fix s>1. Recently Colliander, Keel, Staffilani, Tao and Takaoka proved the existence of solutions with s-Sobolev norm growing in time.

We establish the existence of solutions with polynomial time estimates. More exactly, there is c>0 such that for any K≫1 we find a solution u and a time T such that ∥u(T)∥Hs≥K∥u(0)∥Hs. Moreover, the time T satisfies the polynomial bound 0<T<Kc.},
  author       = {Guardia, Marcel and Kaloshin, Vadim},
  issn         = {1435-9855},
  journal      = {Journal of the European Mathematical Society},
  number       = {1},
  pages        = {71--149},
  publisher    = {European Mathematical Society Publishing House},
  title        = {{Growth of Sobolev norms in the cubic defocusing nonlinear Schrödinger equation}},
  doi          = {10.4171/jems/499},
  volume       = {17},
  year         = {2015},
}

@article{866,
  abstract     = {Proteases play important roles in many biologic processes and are key mediators of cancer, inflammation, and thrombosis. However, comprehensive and quantitative techniques to define the substrate specificity profile of proteases are lacking. The metalloprotease ADAMTS13 regulates blood coagulation by cleaving von Willebrand factor (VWF), reducing its procoagulant activity. A mutagenized substrate phage display library based on a 73-amino acid fragment of VWF was constructed, and the ADAMTS13-dependent change in library complexity was evaluated over reaction time points, using high-throughput sequencing. Reaction rate constants (kcat/KM) were calculated for nearly every possible single amino acid substitution within this fragment. This massively parallel enzyme kinetics analysis detailed the specificity of ADAMTS13 and demonstrated the critical importance of the P1-P1' substrate residues while defining exosite binding domains. These data provided empirical evidence for the propensity for epistasis within VWF and showed strong correlation to conservation across orthologs, highlighting evolutionary selective pressures for VWF.},
  author       = {Kretz, Colin A and Dai, Manhong and Soylemez, Onuralp and Yee, Andrew and Desch, Karl C and Siemieniak, David R and Tomberg, Kärt and Fyodor Kondrashov and Meng, Fan and Ginsburg, David B},
  journal      = {PNAS},
  number       = {30},
  pages        = {9328 -- 9333},
  publisher    = {National Academy of Sciences},
  title        = {{Massively parallel enzyme kinetics reveals the substrate recognition landscape of the metalloprotease ADAMTS13}},
  doi          = {10.1073/pnas.1511328112},
  volume       = {112},
  year         = {2015},
}

@article{886,
  abstract     = {The factors that determine the tempo and mode of protein evolution continue to be a central question in molecular evolution. Traditionally, studies of protein evolution focused on the rates of amino acid substitutions. More recently, with the availability of sequence data and advanced experimental techniques, the focus of attention has shifted toward the study of evolutionary trajectories and the overall layout of protein fitness landscapes. In this review we describe the effect of epistasis on the topology of evolutionary pathways that are likely to be found in fitness landscapes and develop a simple theory to connect the number of maladapted genotypes to the topology of fitness landscapes with epistatic interactions. Finally, we review recent studies that have probed the extent of epistatic interactions and have begun to chart the fitness landscapes in protein sequence space.},
  author       = {Kondrashov, Dmitry A and Fyodor Kondrashov},
  journal      = {Trends in Genetics},
  number       = {1},
  pages        = {24 -- 33},
  publisher    = {Elsevier},
  title        = {{Topological features of rugged fitness landscapes in sequence space}},
  doi          = {10.1016/j.tig.2014.09.009},
  volume       = {31},
  year         = {2015},
}

@article{9017,
  abstract     = {MCM2 is a subunit of the replicative helicase machinery shown to interact with histones H3 and H4 during the replication process through its N-terminal domain. During replication, this interaction has been proposed to assist disassembly and assembly of nucleosomes on DNA. However, how this interaction participates in crosstalk with histone chaperones at the replication fork remains to be elucidated. Here, we solved the crystal structure of the ternary complex between the histone-binding domain of Mcm2 and the histones H3-H4 at 2.9 Å resolution. Histones H3 and H4 assemble as a tetramer in the crystal structure, but MCM2 interacts only with a single molecule of H3-H4. The latter interaction exploits binding surfaces that contact either DNA or H2B when H3-H4 dimers are incorporated in the nucleosome core particle. Upon binding of the ternary complex with the histone chaperone ASF1, the histone tetramer dissociates and both MCM2 and ASF1 interact simultaneously with the histones forming a 1:1:1:1 heteromeric complex. Thermodynamic analysis of the quaternary complex together with structural modeling support that ASF1 and MCM2 could form a chaperoning module for histones H3 and H4 protecting them from promiscuous interactions. This suggests an additional function for MCM2 outside its helicase function as a proper histone chaperone connected to the replication pathway.},
  author       = {Richet, Nicolas and Liu, Danni and Legrand, Pierre and Velours, Christophe and Corpet, Armelle and Gaubert, Albane and Bakail, May M and Moal-Raisin, Gwenaelle and Guerois, Raphael and Compper, Christel and Besle, Arthur and Guichard, Berengère and Almouzni, Genevieve and Ochsenbein, Françoise},
  issn         = {1362-4962},
  journal      = {Nucleic Acids Research},
  number       = {3},
  pages        = {1905--1917},
  publisher    = {Oxford University Press},
  title        = {{Structural insight into how the human helicase subunit MCM2 may act as a histone chaperone together with ASF1 at the replication fork}},
  doi          = {10.1093/nar/gkv021},
  volume       = {43},
  year         = {2015},
}

@article{9057,
  abstract     = {Motility is a basic feature of living microorganisms, and how it works is often determined by environmental cues. Recent efforts have focused on developing artificial systems that can mimic microorganisms, in particular their self-propulsion. We report on the design and characterization of synthetic self-propelled particles that migrate upstream, known as positive rheotaxis. This phenomenon results from a purely physical mechanism involving the interplay between the polarity of the particles and their alignment by a viscous torque. We show quantitative agreement between experimental data and a simple model of an overdamped Brownian pendulum. The model notably predicts the existence of a stagnation point in a diverging flow. We take advantage of this property to demonstrate that our active particles can sense and predictably organize in an imposed flow. Our colloidal system represents an important step toward the realization of biomimetic microsystems with the ability to sense and respond to environmental changes.},
  author       = {Palacci, Jérémie A and Sacanna, Stefano and Abramian, Anaïs and Barral, Jérémie and Hanson, Kasey and Grosberg, Alexander Y. and Pine, David J. and Chaikin, Paul M.},
  issn         = {2375-2548},
  journal      = {Science Advances},
  number       = {4},
  publisher    = {American Association for the Advancement of Science },
  title        = {{Artificial rheotaxis}},
  doi          = {10.1126/sciadv.1400214},
  volume       = {1},
  year         = {2015},
}

@article{906,
  abstract     = {The origin and evolution of novel biochemical functions remains one of the key questions in molecular evolution. We study recently emerged methacrylate reductase function that is thought to have emerged in the last century and reported in Geobacter sulfurreducens strain AM-1. We report the sequence and study the evolution of the operon coding for the flavin-containing methacrylate reductase (Mrd) and tetraheme cytochrome (Mcc) in the genome of G. sulfurreducens AM-1. Different types of signal peptides in functionally interlinked proteins Mrd and Mcc suggest a possible complex mechanism of biogenesis for chromoproteids of the methacrylate redox system. The homologs of the Mrd and Mcc sequence found in δ-Proteobacteria and Deferribacteres are also organized into an operon and their phylogenetic distribution suggested that these two genes tend to be horizontally transferred together. Specifically, the mrd and mcc genes from G. sulfurreducens AM-1 are not monophyletic with any of the homologs found in other Geobacter genomes. The acquisition of methacrylate reductase function by G. sulfurreducens AM-1 appears linked to a horizontal gene transfer event. However, the new function of the products of mrd and mcc may have evolved either prior or subsequent to their acquisition by G. sulfurreducens AM-1.},
  author       = {Arkhipova, Oksana V and Meer, Margarita V and Mikoulinskaia, Galina V and Zakharova, Marina V and Galushko, Alexander S and Akimenko, Vasilii K and Fyodor Kondrashov},
  journal      = {PLoS One},
  number       = {5},
  publisher    = {Public Library of Science},
  title        = {{Recent origin of the methacrylate redox system in Geobacter sulfurreducens AM-1 through horizontal gene transfer}},
  doi          = {10.1371/journal.pone.0125888},
  volume       = {10},
  year         = {2015},
}

@article{9141,
  abstract     = {The breaking of internal tides is believed to provide a large part of the power needed to mix the abyssal ocean and sustain the meridional overturning circulation. Both the fraction of internal tide energy that is dissipated locally and the resulting vertical mixing distribution are crucial for the ocean state, but remain poorly quantified. Here we present a first worldwide estimate of mixing due to internal tides generated at small‐scale abyssal hills. Our estimate is based on linear wave theory, a nonlinear parameterization for wave breaking and uses quasi‐global small‐scale abyssal hill bathymetry, stratification, and tidal data. We show that a large fraction of abyssal‐hill generated internal tide energy is locally dissipated over mid‐ocean ridges in the Southern Hemisphere. Significant dissipation occurs above ridge crests, and, upon rescaling by the local stratification, follows a monotonic exponential decay with height off the bottom, with a nonuniform decay scale. We however show that a substantial part of the dissipation occurs over the smoother flanks of mid‐ocean ridges, and exhibits a middepth maximum due to the interplay of wave amplitude with stratification. We link the three‐dimensional map of dissipation to abyssal hills characteristics, ocean stratification, and tidal forcing, and discuss its potential implementation in time‐evolving parameterizations for global climate models. Current tidal parameterizations only account for waves generated at large‐scale satellite‐resolved bathymetry. Our results suggest that the presence of small‐scale, mostly unresolved abyssal hills could significantly enhance the spatial inhomogeneity of tidal mixing, particularly above mid‐ocean ridges in the Southern Hemisphere.},
  author       = {Lefauve, Adrien and Muller, Caroline J and Melet, Angélique},
  issn         = {2169-9275},
  journal      = {Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans},
  number       = {7},
  pages        = {4760--4777},
  publisher    = {American Geophysical Union},
  title        = {{A three-dimensional map of tidal dissipation over abyssal hills}},
  doi          = {10.1002/2014jc010598},
  volume       = {120},
  year         = {2015},
}

@article{924,
  abstract     = {This paper presents a numerical study of a Capillary Pumped Loop evaporator. A two-dimensional unsteady mathematical model of a flat evaporator is developed to simulate heat and mass transfer in unsaturated porous wick with phase change. The liquid-vapor phase change inside the porous wick is described by Langmuir's law. The governing equations are solved by the Finite Element Method. The results are presented then for a sintered nickel wick and methanol as a working fluid. The heat flux required to the transition from the all-liquid wick to the vapor-liquid wick is calculated. The dynamic and thermodynamic behavior of the working fluid in the capillary structure are discussed in this paper.},
  author       = {Boubaker, Riadh and Platel, Vincent and Bergès, Alexis and Bancelin, Mathieu and Hannezo, Edouard B},
  journal      = {Applied Thermal Engineering},
  pages        = {1 -- 8},
  publisher    = {Elsevier},
  title        = {{Dynamic model of heat and mass transfer in an unsaturated porous wick of capillary pumped loop}},
  doi          = {10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2014.10.009},
  volume       = {76},
  year         = {2015},
}

@article{928,
  abstract     = {The actomyosin cytoskeleton is a primary force-generating mechanism in morphogenesis, thus a robust spatial control of cytoskeletal positioning is essential. In this report, we demonstrate that actomyosin contractility and planar cell polarity (PCP) interact in post-mitotic Ciona notochord cells to self-assemble and reposition actomyosin rings, which play an essential role for cell elongation. Intriguingly, rings always form at the cells′ anterior edge before migrating towards the center as contractility increases, reflecting a novel dynamical property of the cortex. Our drug and genetic manipulations uncover a tug-of-war between contractility, which localizes cortical flows toward the equator and PCP, which tries to reposition them. We develop a simple model of the physical forces underlying this tug-of-war, which quantitatively reproduces our results. We thus propose a quantitative framework for dissecting the relative contribution of contractility and PCP to the self-assembly and repositioning of cytoskeletal structures, which should be applicable to other morphogenetic events.},
  author       = {Sehring, Ivonne and Recho, Pierre and Denker, Elsa and Kourakis, Matthew and Mathiesen, Birthe and Hannezo, Edouard B and Dong, Bo and Jiang, Di},
  journal      = {eLife},
  publisher    = {eLife Sciences Publications},
  title        = {{Assembly and positioning of actomyosin rings by contractility and planar cell polarity}},
  doi          = {10.7554/eLife.09206},
  volume       = {4},
  year         = {2015},
}

@article{929,
  abstract     = {An essential question of morphogenesis is how patterns arise without preexisting positional information, as inspired by Turing. In the past few years, cytoskeletal flows in the cell cortex have been identified as a key mechanism of molecular patterning at the subcellular level. Theoretical and in vitro studies have suggested that biological polymers such as actomyosin gels have the property to self-organize, but the applicability of this concept in an in vivo setting remains unclear. Here, we report that the regular spacing pattern of supracellular actin rings in the Drosophila tracheal tubule is governed by a self-organizing principle. We propose a simple biophysical model where pattern formation arises from the interplay of myosin contractility and actin turnover. We validate the hypotheses of the model using photobleaching experiments and report that the formation of actin rings is contractility dependent. Moreover, genetic and pharmacological perturbations of the physical properties of the actomyosin gel modify the spacing of the pattern, as the model predicted. In addition, our model posited a role of cortical friction in stabilizing the spacing pattern of actin rings. Consistently, genetic depletion of apical extracellular matrix caused strikingly dynamic movements of actin rings, mirroring our model prediction of a transition from steady to chaotic actin patterns at low cortical friction. Our results therefore demonstrate quantitatively that a hydrodynamical instability of the actin cortex can trigger regular pattern formation and drive morphogenesis in an in vivo setting. },
  author       = {Hannezo, Edouard B and Dong, Bo and Recho, Pierre and Joanny, Jean and Hayashi, Shigeo},
  journal      = {PNAS},
  number       = {28},
  pages        = {8620 -- 8625},
  publisher    = {National Academy of Sciences},
  title        = {{Cortical instability drives periodic supracellular actin pattern formation in epithelial tubes}},
  doi          = {10.1073/pnas.1504762112},
  volume       = {112},
  year         = {2015},
}

@article{933,
  abstract     = {Although collective cell motion plays an important role, for example during wound healing, embryogenesis, or cancer progression, the fundamental rules governing this motion are still not well understood, in particular at high cell density. We study here the motion of human bronchial epithelial cells within a monolayer, over long times. We observe that, as the monolayer ages, the cells slow down monotonously, while the velocity correlation length first increases as the cells slow down but eventually decreases at the slowest motions. By comparing experiments, analytic model, and detailed particle-based simulations, we shed light on this biological amorphous solidification process, demonstrating that the observed dynamics can be explained as a consequence of the combined maturation and strengthening of cell-cell and cell-substrate adhesions. Surprisingly, the increase of cell surface density due to proliferation is only secondary in this process. This analysis is confirmed with two other cell types. The very general relations between the mean cell velocity and velocity correlation lengths, which apply for aggregates of self-propelled particles, as well as motile cells, can possibly be used to discriminate between various parameter changes in vivo, from noninvasive microscopy data.},
  author       = {García, Simón and Hannezo, Edouard B and Elgeti, Jens and Joanny, Jean and Silberzan, Pascal and Gov, Nir},
  journal      = {PNAS},
  number       = {50},
  pages        = {15314 -- 15319},
  publisher    = {National Academy of Sciences},
  title        = {{Physics of active jamming during collective cellular motion in a monolayer}},
  doi          = {10.1073/pnas.1510973112},
  volume       = {112},
  year         = {2015},
}

@article{7070,
  abstract     = {Torque magnetization measurements on YBa2Cu3Oy (YBCO) at doping y=6.67 (p=0.12), in dc fields (B) up to 33 T and temperatures down to 4.5 K, show that weak diamagnetism persists above the extrapolated irreversibility field Hirr(T=0)≈24 T. The differential susceptibility dM/dB, however, is more rapidly suppressed for B≳16 T than expected from the properties of the low field superconducting state, and saturates at a low value for fields B≳24 T. In addition, torque measurements on a p=0.11 YBCO crystal in pulsed field up to 65 T and temperatures down to 8 K show similar behavior, with no additional features at higher fields. We offer two candidate scenarios to explain these observations: (a) superconductivity survives but is heavily suppressed at high field by competition with charge-density-wave (CDW) order; (b) static superconductivity disappears near 24 T and is followed by a region of fluctuating superconductivity, which causes dM/dB to saturate at high field. The diamagnetic signal observed above 50 T for the p=0.11 crystal at 40 K and below may be caused by changes in the normal state susceptibility rather than bulk or fluctuating superconductivity. There will be orbital (Landau) diamagnetism from electron pockets and possibly a reduction in spin susceptibility caused by the stronger three-dimensional ordered CDW.},
  author       = {Yu, Jing Fei and Ramshaw, B. J. and Kokanović, I. and Modic, Kimberly A and Harrison, N. and Day, James and Liang, Ruixing and Hardy, W. N. and Bonn, D. A. and McCollam, A. and Julian, S. R. and Cooper, J. R.},
  issn         = {1098-0121},
  journal      = {Physical Review B},
  number       = {18},
  publisher    = {APS},
  title        = {{Magnetization of underdoped YBa2Cu3Oy above the irreversibility field}},
  doi          = {10.1103/physrevb.92.180509},
  volume       = {92},
  year         = {2015},
}

@article{7456,
  abstract     = {The rational design of monodisperse ferroelectric nanocrystals with controlled size and shape and their organization into hierarchical structures has been a critical step for understanding the polar ordering in nanoscale ferroelectrics, as well as the design of nanocrystal-based functional materials which harness the properties of individual nanoparticles and the collective interactions between them. We report here on the synthesis and self-assembly of aggregate-free, single-crystalline titanium-based perovskite nanoparticles with controlled morphology and surface composition by using a simple, easily scalable and highly versatile colloidal route. Single-crystalline, non-aggregated BaTiO3 colloidal nanocrystals, used as a model system, have been prepared under solvothermal conditions at temperatures as low as 180 °C. The shape of the nanocrystals was tuned from spheroidal to cubic upon changing the polarity of the solvent, whereas their size was varied from 16 to 30 nm for spheres and 5 to 78 nm for cubes by changing the concentration of the precursors and the reaction time, respectively. The hydrophobic, oleic acid-passivated nanoparticles exhibit very good solubility in non-polar solvents and can be rendered dispersible in polar solvents by a simple process involving the oxidative cleavage of the double bond upon treating the nanopowders with the Lemieux–von Rudloff reagent. Lattice dynamic analysis indicated that regardless of their size, BaTiO3 nanocrystals present local disorder within the perovskite unit cell, associated with the existence of polar ordering. We also demonstrate for the first time that, in addition to being used for fabricating large area, crack-free, highly uniform films, BaTiO3 nanocubes can serve as building blocks for the design of 2D and 3D mesoscale structures, such as superlattices and superparticles. Interestingly, the type of superlattice structure (simple cubic or face centered cubic) appears to be determined by the type of solvent in which the nanocrystals were dispersed. This approach provides an excellent platform for the synthesis of other titanium-based perovskite colloidal nanocrystals with controlled chemical composition, surface structure and morphology and for their assembly into complex architectures, therefore opening the door for the design of novel mesoscale functional materials/nanocomposites with potential applications in energy conversion, data storage and the biomedical field.},
  author       = {Caruntu, Daniela and Rostamzadeh, Taha and Costanzo, Tommaso and Salemizadeh Parizi, Saman and Caruntu, Gabriel},
  issn         = {2040-3364},
  journal      = {Nanoscale},
  number       = {30},
  pages        = {12955--12969},
  publisher    = {RSC},
  title        = {{Solvothermal synthesis and controlled self-assembly of monodisperse titanium-based perovskite colloidal nanocrystals}},
  doi          = {10.1039/c5nr00737b},
  volume       = {7},
  year         = {2015},
}

@article{7457,
  abstract     = {A new organic–inorganic ferroelectric hybrid capacitor designed by uniformly incorporating surface modified monodisperse 15 nm ferroelectric BaTiO3 nanocubes into non-polar polymer blends of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) polymer and acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) terpolymer is described. The investigation of spatial distribution of nanofillers via a non-distractive thermal pulse method illustrates that the surface functionalization of nanocubes plays a key role in the uniform distribution of charge polarization within the polymer matrix. The discharged energy density of the nanocomposite with 30 vol% BaTiO3 nanocubes is ∼44 × 10−3 J cm−3, which is almost six times higher than that of the neat polymer. The facile processing, along with the superior mechanical and electrical properties of the BaTiO3/PMMA–ABS nanocomposites make them suitable for implementation into capacitive electrical energy storage devices.},
  author       = {Parizi, Saman Salemizadeh and Conley, Gavin and Costanzo, Tommaso and Howell, Bob and Mellinger, Axel and Caruntu, Gabriel},
  issn         = {2046-2069},
  journal      = {RSC Advances},
  number       = {93},
  pages        = {76356--76362},
  publisher    = {RSC},
  title        = {{Fabrication of barium titanate/acrylonitrile-butadiene styrene/poly(methyl methacrylate) nanocomposite films for hybrid ferroelectric capacitors}},
  doi          = {10.1039/c5ra11347d},
  volume       = {5},
  year         = {2015},
}

@article{7739,
  abstract     = {Currently, there is much debate on the genetic architecture of quantitative traits in wild populations. Is trait variation influenced by many genes of small effect or by a few genes of major effect? Where is additive genetic variation located in the genome? Do the same loci cause similar phenotypic variation in different populations? Great tits (Parus major) have been studied extensively in long‐term studies across Europe and consequently are considered an ecological ‘model organism’. Recently, genomic resources have been developed for the great tit, including a custom SNP chip and genetic linkage map. In this study, we used a suite of approaches to investigate the genetic architecture of eight quantitative traits in two long‐term study populations of great tits—one in the Netherlands and the other in the United Kingdom. Overall, we found little evidence for the presence of genes of large effects in either population. Instead, traits appeared to be influenced by many genes of small effect, with conservative estimates of the number of contributing loci ranging from 31 to 310. Despite concordance between population‐specific heritabilities, we found no evidence for the presence of loci having similar effects in both populations. While population‐specific genetic architectures are possible, an undetected shared architecture cannot be rejected because of limited power to map loci of small and moderate effects. This study is one of few examples of genetic architecture analysis in replicated wild populations and highlights some of the challenges and limitations researchers will face when attempting similar molecular quantitative genetic studies in free‐living populations.},
  author       = {Santure, Anna W. and Poissant, Jocelyn and De Cauwer, Isabelle and van Oers, Kees and Robinson, Matthew Richard and Quinn, John L. and Groenen, Martien A. M. and Visser, Marcel E. and Sheldon, Ben C. and Slate, Jon},
  issn         = {0962-1083},
  journal      = {Molecular Ecology},
  pages        = {6148--6162},
  publisher    = {Wiley},
  title        = {{Replicated analysis of the genetic architecture of quantitative traits in two wild great tit populations}},
  doi          = {10.1111/mec.13452},
  volume       = {24},
  year         = {2015},
}

@article{7741,
  abstract     = {Phenotypes expressed in a social context are not only a function of the individual, but can also be shaped by the phenotypes of social partners. These social effects may play a major role in the evolution of cooperative breeding if social partners differ in the quality of care they provide and if individual carers adjust their effort in relation to that of other carers. When applying social effects models to wild study systems, it is also important to explore sources of individual plasticity that could masquerade as social effects. We studied offspring provisioning rates of parents and helpers in a wild population of long-tailed tits Aegithalos caudatus using a quantitative genetic framework to identify these social effects and partition them into genetic, permanent environment and current environment components. Controlling for other effects, individuals were consistent in their provisioning effort at a given nest, but adjusted their effort based on who was in their social group, indicating the presence of social effects. However, these social effects differed between years and social contexts, indicating a current environment effect, rather than indicating a genetic or permanent environment effect. While this study reveals the importance of examining environmental and genetic sources of social effects, the framework we present is entirely general, enabling a greater understanding of potentially important social effects within any ecological population.},
  author       = {Adams, Mark James and Robinson, Matthew Richard and Mannarelli, Maria-Elena and Hatchwell, Ben J.},
  issn         = {0962-8452},
  journal      = {Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences},
  number       = {1810},
  publisher    = {The Royal Society},
  title        = {{Social genetic and social environment effects on parental and helper care in a cooperatively breeding bird}},
  doi          = {10.1098/rspb.2015.0689},
  volume       = {282},
  year         = {2015},
}

@article{7742,
  abstract     = {Across-nation differences in the mean values for complex traits are common1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8, but the reasons for these differences are unknown. Here we find that many independent loci contribute to population genetic differences in height and body mass index (BMI) in 9,416 individuals across 14 European countries. Using discovery data on over 250,000 individuals and unbiased effect size estimates from 17,500 sibling pairs, we estimate that 24% (95% credible interval (CI) = 9%, 41%) and 8% (95% CI = 4%, 16%) of the captured additive genetic variance for height and BMI, respectively, reflect population genetic differences. Population genetic divergence differed significantly from that in a null model (height, P < 3.94 × 10−8; BMI, P < 5.95 × 10−4), and we find an among-population genetic correlation for tall and slender individuals (r = −0.80, 95% CI = −0.95, −0.60), consistent with correlated selection for both phenotypes. Observed differences in height among populations reflected the predicted genetic means (r = 0.51; P < 0.001), but environmental differences across Europe masked genetic differentiation for BMI (P < 0.58).},
  author       = {Robinson, Matthew Richard and Hemani, Gibran and Medina-Gomez, Carolina and Mezzavilla, Massimo and Esko, Tonu and Shakhbazov, Konstantin and Powell, Joseph E and Vinkhuyzen, Anna and Berndt, Sonja I and Gustafsson, Stefan and Justice, Anne E and Kahali, Bratati and Locke, Adam E and Pers, Tune H and Vedantam, Sailaja and Wood, Andrew R and van Rheenen, Wouter and Andreassen, Ole A and Gasparini, Paolo and Metspalu, Andres and Berg, Leonard H van den and Veldink, Jan H and Rivadeneira, Fernando and Werge, Thomas M and Abecasis, Goncalo R and Boomsma, Dorret I and Chasman, Daniel I and de Geus, Eco J C and Frayling, Timothy M and Hirschhorn, Joel N and Hottenga, Jouke Jan and Ingelsson, Erik and Loos, Ruth J F and Magnusson, Patrik K E and Martin, Nicholas G and Montgomery, Grant W and North, Kari E and Pedersen, Nancy L and Spector, Timothy D and Speliotes, Elizabeth K and Goddard, Michael E and Yang, Jian and Visscher, Peter M},
  issn         = {1061-4036},
  journal      = {Nature Genetics},
  number       = {11},
  pages        = {1357--1362},
  publisher    = {Springer Nature},
  title        = {{Population genetic differentiation of height and body mass index across Europe}},
  doi          = {10.1038/ng.3401},
  volume       = {47},
  year         = {2015},
}

@inproceedings{776,
  abstract     = {High-performance concurrent priority queues are essential for applications such as task scheduling and discrete event simulation. Unfortunately, even the best performing implementations do not scale past a number of threads in the single digits. This is because of the sequential bottleneck in accessing the elements at the head of the queue in order to perform a DeleteMin operation. In this paper, we present the SprayList, a scalable priority queue with relaxed ordering semantics. Starting from a non-blocking SkipList, the main innovation behind our design is that the DeleteMin operations avoid a sequential bottleneck by &quot;spraying&quot; themselves onto the head of the SkipList list in a coordinated fashion. The spraying is implemented using a carefully designed random walk, so that DeleteMin returns an element among the first O(plog3p) in the list, with high probability, where p is the number of threads. We prove that the running time of a DeleteMin operation is O(log3p), with high probability, independent of the size of the list. Our experiments show that the relaxed semantics allow the data structure to scale for high thread counts, comparable to a classic unordered SkipList. Furthermore, we observe that, for reasonably parallel workloads, the scalability benefits of relaxation considerably outweigh the additional work due to out-of-order execution.},
  author       = {Alistarh, Dan-Adrian and Kopinsky, Justin and Li, Jerry and Shavit, Nir},
  pages        = {11 -- 20},
  publisher    = {ACM},
  title        = {{The SprayList: A scalable relaxed priority queue}},
  doi          = {10.1145/2688500.2688523},
  volume       = {2015-January},
  year         = {2015},
}

@article{7765,
  abstract     = {We introduce a principle unique to disordered solids wherein the contribution of any bond to one global perturbation is uncorrelated with its contribution to another. Coupled with sufficient variability in the contributions of different bonds, this “independent bond-level response” paves the way for the design of real materials with unusual and exquisitely tuned properties. To illustrate this, we choose two global perturbations: compression and shear. By applying a bond removal procedure that is both simple and experimentally relevant to remove a very small fraction of bonds, we can drive disordered spring networks to both the incompressible and completely auxetic limits of mechanical behavior.},
  author       = {Goodrich, Carl Peter and Liu, Andrea J. and Nagel, Sidney R.},
  issn         = {0031-9007},
  journal      = {Physical Review Letters},
  number       = {22},
  publisher    = {American Physical Society},
  title        = {{The principle of independent bond-level response: Tuning by pruning to exploit disorder for global behavior}},
  doi          = {10.1103/physrevlett.114.225501},
  volume       = {114},
  year         = {2015},
}

@article{7766,
  abstract     = {We study the vibrational properties near a free surface of disordered spring networks derived from jammed sphere packings. In bulk systems, without surfaces, it is well understood that such systems have a plateau in the density of vibrational modes extending down to a frequency scale ω*. This frequency is controlled by ΔZ = 〈Z〉 − 2d, the difference between the average coordination of the spheres and twice the spatial dimension, d, of the system, which vanishes at the jamming transition. In the presence of a free surface we find that there is a density of disordered vibrational modes associated with the surface that extends far below ω*. The total number of these low-frequency surface modes is controlled by ΔZ, and the profile of their decay into the bulk has two characteristic length scales, which diverge as ΔZ−1/2 and ΔZ−1 as the jamming transition is approached.},
  author       = {Sussman, Daniel M. and Goodrich, Carl Peter and Liu, Andrea J. and Nagel, Sidney R.},
  issn         = {1744-683X},
  journal      = {Soft Matter},
  number       = {14},
  pages        = {2745--2751},
  publisher    = {Royal Society of Chemistry},
  title        = {{Disordered surface vibrations in jammed sphere packings}},
  doi          = {10.1039/c4sm02905d},
  volume       = {11},
  year         = {2015},
}