@phdthesis{48,
  abstract     = {The hippocampus is a key brain region for spatial memory and navigation and is needed at all stages of memory, including encoding, consolidation, and recall. Hippocampal place cells selectively discharge at specific locations of the environment to form a cognitive map of the space. During the rest period and sleep following spatial navigation and/or learning, the waking activity of the place cells is reactivated within high synchrony events. This reactivation is thought to be important for memory consolidation and stabilization of the spatial representations. The aim of my thesis was to directly test whether the reactivation content encoded in firing patterns of place cells is important for consolidation of spatial memories. In particular, I aimed to test whether, in cases when multiple spatial memory traces are acquired during learning, the specific disruption of the reactivation of a subset of these memories leads to the selective disruption of the corresponding memory traces or through memory interference the other learned memories are disrupted as well. In this thesis, using a modified cheeseboard paradigm and a closed-loop recording setup with feedback optogenetic stimulation, I examined how the disruption of the reactivation of specific spiking patterns affects consolidation of the corresponding memory traces. To obtain multiple distinctive memories, animals had to perform a spatial task in two distinct cheeseboard environments and the reactivation of spiking patterns associated with one of the environments (target) was disrupted after learning during four hours rest period using a real-time decoding method. This real-time decoding method was capable of selectively affecting the firing rates and cofiring correlations of the target environment-encoding cells. The selective disruption led to behavioural impairment in the memory tests after the rest periods in the target environment but not in the other undisrupted control environment. In addition, the map of the target environment was less stable in the impaired memory tests compared to the learning session before than the map of the control environment. However, when the animal relearned the task, the same map recurred in the target environment that was present during learning before the disruption. Altogether my work demonstrated that the reactivation content is important: assembly-related disruption of reactivation can lead to a selective memory impairment and deficiency in map stability. These findings indeed suggest that reactivated assembly patterns reflect processes associated with the consolidation of memory traces. },
  author       = {Gridchyn, Igor},
  issn         = {2663-337X},
  pages        = {104},
  publisher    = {Institute of Science and Technology Austria},
  title        = {{Reactivation content is important for consolidation of spatial memory}},
  doi          = {10.15479/AT:ISTA:th_1042},
  year         = {2018},
}

@phdthesis{49,
  abstract     = {Nowadays, quantum computation is receiving more and more attention as an alternative to the classical way of computing. For realizing a quantum computer, different devices are investigated as potential quantum bits. In this thesis, the focus is on Ge hut wires, which turned out to be promising candidates for implementing hole spin quantum bits. The advantages of Ge as a material system are the low hyperfine interaction for holes and the strong spin orbit coupling, as well as the compatibility with the highly developed CMOS processes in industry. In addition, Ge can also be isotopically purified which is expected to boost the spin coherence times. The strong spin orbit interaction for holes in Ge on the one hand enables the full electrical control of the quantum bit and on the other hand should allow short spin manipulation times. Starting with a bare Si wafer, this work covers the entire process reaching from growth over the fabrication and characterization of hut wire devices up to the demonstration of hole spin resonance. From experiments with single quantum dots, a large g-factor anisotropy between the in-plane and the out-of-plane direction was found. A comparison to a theoretical model unveiled the heavy-hole character of the lowest energy states. The second part of the thesis addresses double quantum dot devices, which were realized by adding two gate electrodes to a hut wire. In such devices, Pauli spin blockade was observed, which can serve as a read-out mechanism for spin quantum bits. Applying oscillating electric fields in spin blockade allowed the demonstration of continuous spin rotations and the extraction of a lower bound for the spin dephasing time. Despite the strong spin orbit coupling in Ge, the obtained value for the dephasing time is comparable to what has been recently reported for holes in Si. All in all, the presented results point out the high potential of Ge hut wires as a platform for long-lived, fast and fully electrically tunable hole spin quantum bits.},
  author       = {Watzinger, Hannes},
  issn         = {2663-337X},
  pages        = {77},
  publisher    = {Institute of Science and Technology Austria},
  title        = {{Ge hut wires - from growth to hole spin resonance}},
  doi          = {10.15479/AT:ISTA:th_1033},
  year         = {2018},
}

@phdthesis{50,
  abstract     = {The Wnt/planar cell polarity (Wnt/PCP) pathway determines planar polarity of epithelial cells in both vertebrates and invertebrates. The role that Wnt/PCP signaling plays in mesenchymal contexts, however, is only poorly understood. While previous studies have demonstrated the capacity of Wnt/PCP signaling to polarize and guide directed migration of mesenchymal cells, it remains unclear whether endogenous Wnt/PCP signaling performs these functions instructively, as it does in epithelial cells. Here we developed a light-switchable version of the Wnt/PCP receptor Frizzled 7 (Fz7) to unambiguously distinguish between an instructive and a permissive role of Wnt/PCP signaling for the directional collective migration of mesendoderm progenitor cells during zebrafish gastrulation. We show that prechordal plate (ppl) cell migration is defective in maternal-zygotic fz7a and fz7b (MZ fz7a,b) double mutant embryos, and that Fz7 functions cell-autonomously in this process by promoting ppl cell protrusion formation and directed migration. We further show that local activation of Fz7 can direct ppl cell migration both in vitro and in vivo. Surprisingly, however, uniform Fz7 activation is sufficient to fully rescue the ppl cell migration defect in MZ fz7a,b mutant embryos, indicating that Wnt/PCP signaling functions permissively rather than instructively in directed mesendoderm cell migration during zebrafish gastrulation.},
  author       = {Capek, Daniel},
  issn         = {2663-337X},
  pages        = {95},
  publisher    = {Institute of Science and Technology Austria},
  title        = {{Optogenetic Frizzled 7 reveals a permissive function of Wnt/PCP signaling in directed mesenchymal cell migration}},
  doi          = {10.15479/AT:ISTA:TH_1031},
  year         = {2018},
}

@article{503,
  abstract     = {Buffers are essential for diluting bacterial cultures for flow cytometry analysis in order to study bacterial physiology and gene expression parameters based on fluorescence signals. Using a variety of constitutively expressed fluorescent proteins in Escherichia coli K-12 strain MG1655, we found strong artifactual changes in fluorescence levels after dilution into the commonly used flow cytometry buffer phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) and two other buffer solutions, Tris-HCl and M9 salts. These changes appeared very rapidly after dilution, and were linked to increased membrane permeability and loss in cell viability. We observed buffer-related effects in several different E. coli strains, K-12, C and W, but not E. coli B, which can be partially explained by differences in lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and outer membrane composition. Supplementing the buffers with divalent cations responsible for outer membrane stability, Mg2+ and Ca2+, preserved fluorescence signals, membrane integrity and viability of E. coli. Thus, stabilizing the bacterial outer membrane is essential for precise and unbiased measurements of fluorescence parameters using flow cytometry.},
  author       = {Tomasek, Kathrin and Bergmiller, Tobias and Guet, Calin C},
  journal      = {Journal of Biotechnology},
  pages        = {40 -- 52},
  publisher    = {Elsevier},
  title        = {{Lack of cations in flow cytometry buffers affect fluorescence signals by reducing membrane stability and viability of Escherichia coli strains}},
  doi          = {10.1016/j.jbiotec.2018.01.008},
  volume       = {268},
  year         = {2018},
}

@phdthesis{51,
  abstract     = {Asymmetries have long been known about in the central nervous system. From gross anatomical differences, such as the presence of the parapineal organ in only one hemisphere of the developing zebrafish, to more subtle differences in activity between both hemispheres, as seen in freely roaming animals or human participants under PET and fMRI imaging analysis. The presence of asymmetries has been demonstrated to have huge behavioural implications, with their disruption often leading to the generation of neurological disorders, memory problems, changes in personality, and in an organism's health and well-being. For my Ph.D. work I aimed to tackle two important avenues of research. The first being the process of input-side dependency in the hippocampus, with the goal of finding a key gene responsible for its development (Gene X). The second project was to do with experience-induced laterality formation in the hippocampus. Specifically, how laterality in the synapse density of the CA1 stratum radiatum (s.r.) could be induced purely through environmental enrichment. Through unilateral tracer injections into the CA3, I was able to selectively measure the properties of synapses within the CA1 and investigate how they differed based upon which hemisphere the presynaptic neurone originated. Having found the existence of a previously unreported reversed (left-isomerism) i.v. mutant, through morpholocal examination of labelled terminals in the CA1 s.r., I aimed to elucidate a key gene responsible for the process of left or right determination of inputs to the CA1 s.r.. This work relates to the previous finding of input-side dependent asymmetry in the wild-type rodent, where the origin of the projecting neurone to the CA1 will determine the morphology of a synapse, to a greater degree than the hemisphere in which the projection terminates. Using left- and right-isomerism i.v. mice, in combination with whole genome sequence analysis, I highlight Ena/VASP-like (Evl) as a potential target for Gene X. In relation to this topic, I also highlight my work in the recently published paper of how knockout of PirB can lead to a lack of input-side dependency in the murine hippocampus. For the second question, I show that the environmental enrichment paradigm will lead to an asymmetry in the synapse densities in the hippocampus of mice. I also highlight that the nature of the enrichment is of less consequence than the process of enrichment itself. I demonstrate that the CA3 region will dramatically alter its projection targets, in relation to environmental stimulation, with the asymmetry in synaptic density, caused by enrichment, relying heavily on commissural fibres. I also highlight the vital importance of input-side dependent asymmetry, as a necessary component of experience-dependent laterality formation in the CA1 s.r.. However, my results suggest that it isn't the only cause, as there appears to be a CA1 dependent mechanism also at play. Upon further investigation, I highlight the significant, and highly important, finding that the changes seen in the CA1 s.r. were predominantly caused through projections from the left-CA3, with the right-CA3 having less involvement in this mechanism.},
  author       = {Case, Matthew J},
  issn         = {2663-337X},
  pages        = {186},
  publisher    = {Institute of Science and Technology Austria},
  title        = {{From the left to the right: A tale of asymmetries, environments, and hippocampal development}},
  doi          = {10.15479/AT:ISTA:th_1032},
  year         = {2018},
}

@article{519,
  abstract     = {This study treats with the influence of a symmetry-breaking transversal magnetic field on the nonlinear dynamics of ferrofluidic Taylor-Couette flow – flow confined between two concentric independently rotating cylinders. We detected alternating ‘flip’ solutions which are flow states featuring typical characteristics of slow-fast-dynamics in dynamical systems. The flip corresponds to a temporal change in the axial wavenumber and we find them to appear either as pure 2-fold axisymmetric (due to the symmetry-breaking nature of the applied transversal magnetic field) or involving non-axisymmetric, helical modes in its interim solution. The latter ones show features of typical ribbon solutions. In any case the flip solutions have a preferential first axial wavenumber which corresponds to the more stable state (slow dynamics) and second axial wavenumber, corresponding to the short appearing more unstable state (fast dynamics). However, in both cases the flip time grows exponential with increasing the magnetic field strength before the flip solutions, living on 2-tori invariant manifolds, cease to exist, with lifetime going to infinity. Further we show that ferrofluidic flow turbulence differ from the classical, ordinary (usually at high Reynolds number) turbulence. The applied magnetic field hinders the free motion of ferrofluid partials and therefore smoothen typical turbulent quantities and features so that speaking of mildly chaotic dynamics seems to be a more appropriate expression for the observed motion. },
  author       = {Altmeyer, Sebastian},
  journal      = {Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials},
  pages        = {427 -- 441},
  publisher    = {Elsevier},
  title        = {{Non-linear dynamics and alternating ‘flip’ solutions in ferrofluidic Taylor-Couette flow}},
  doi          = {10.1016/j.jmmm.2017.12.073},
  volume       = {452},
  year         = {2018},
}

@phdthesis{52,
  abstract     = {In this thesis we will discuss systems of point interacting fermions, their stability and other spectral properties. Whereas for bosons a point interacting system is always unstable this ques- tion is more subtle for a gas of two species of fermions. In particular the answer depends on the mass ratio between these two species. Most of this work will be focused on the N + M model which consists of two species of fermions with N, M particles respectively which interact via point interactions. We will introduce this model using a formal limit and discuss the N + 1 system in more detail. In particular, we will show that for mass ratios above a critical one, which does not depend on the particle number, the N + 1 system is stable. In the context of this model we will prove rigorous versions of Tan relations which relate various quantities of the point-interacting model. By restricting the N + 1 system to a box we define a finite density model with point in- teractions. In the context of this system we will discuss the energy change when introducing a point-interacting impurity into a system of non-interacting fermions. We will see that this change in energy is bounded independently of the particle number and in particular the bound only depends on the density and the scattering length. As another special case of the N + M model we will show stability of the 2 + 2 model for mass ratios in an interval around one. Further we will investigate a different model of point interactions which was discussed before in the literature and which is, contrary to the N + M model, not given by a limiting procedure but is based on a Dirichlet form. We will show that this system behaves trivially in the thermodynamic limit, i.e. the free energy per particle is the same as the one of the non-interacting system.},
  author       = {Moser, Thomas},
  issn         = {2663-337X},
  pages        = {115},
  publisher    = {Institute of Science and Technology Austria},
  title        = {{Point interactions in systems of fermions}},
  doi          = {10.15479/AT:ISTA:th_1043},
  year         = {2018},
}

@article{53,
  abstract     = {In 2013, a publication repository was implemented at IST Austria and 2015 after a thorough preparation phase a data repository was implemented - both based on the Open Source Software EPrints. In this text, designed as field report, we will reflect on our experiences with Open Source Software in general and specifically with EPrints regarding technical aspects but also regarding their characteristics of the user community. The second part is a pleading for including the end users in the process of implementation, adaption and evaluation.},
  author       = {Petritsch, Barbara and Porsche, Jana},
  journal      = {VÖB Mitteilungen},
  number       = {1},
  pages        = {199 -- 206},
  publisher    = {Vereinigung Österreichischer Bibliothekarinnen und Bibliothekare},
  title        = {{IST PubRep and IST DataRep: the institutional repositories at IST Austria}},
  doi          = {10.31263/voebm.v71i1.1993},
  volume       = {71},
  year         = {2018},
}

@article{530,
  abstract     = {Inclusion–exclusion is an effective method for computing the volume of a union of measurable sets. We extend it to multiple coverings, proving short inclusion–exclusion formulas for the subset of Rn covered by at least k balls in a finite set. We implement two of the formulas in dimension n=3 and report on results obtained with our software.},
  author       = {Edelsbrunner, Herbert and Iglesias Ham, Mabel},
  journal      = {Computational Geometry: Theory and Applications},
  pages        = {119 -- 133},
  publisher    = {Elsevier},
  title        = {{Multiple covers with balls I: Inclusion–exclusion}},
  doi          = {10.1016/j.comgeo.2017.06.014},
  volume       = {68},
  year         = {2018},
}

@article{536,
  abstract     = {We consider the problem of consensus in the challenging classic model. In this model, the adversary is adaptive; it can choose which processors crash at any point during the course of the algorithm. Further, communication is via asynchronous message passing: there is no known upper bound on the time to send a message from one processor to another, and all messages and coin flips are seen by the adversary. We describe a new randomized consensus protocol with expected message complexity O(n2log2n) when fewer than n / 2 processes may fail by crashing. This is an almost-linear improvement over the best previously known protocol, and within logarithmic factors of a known Ω(n2) message lower bound. The protocol further ensures that no process sends more than O(nlog3n) messages in expectation, which is again within logarithmic factors of optimal. We also present a generalization of the algorithm to an arbitrary number of failures t, which uses expected O(nt+t2log2t) total messages. Our approach is to build a message-efficient, resilient mechanism for aggregating individual processor votes, implementing the message-passing equivalent of a weak shared coin. Roughly, in our protocol, a processor first announces its votes to small groups, then propagates them to increasingly larger groups as it generates more and more votes. To bound the number of messages that an individual process might have to send or receive, the protocol progressively increases the weight of generated votes. The main technical challenge is bounding the impact of votes that are still “in flight” (generated, but not fully propagated) on the final outcome of the shared coin, especially since such votes might have different weights. We achieve this by leveraging the structure of the algorithm, and a technical argument based on martingale concentration bounds. Overall, we show that it is possible to build an efficient message-passing implementation of a shared coin, and in the process (almost-optimally) solve the classic consensus problem in the asynchronous message-passing model.},
  author       = {Alistarh, Dan-Adrian and Aspnes, James and King, Valerie and Saia, Jared},
  issn         = {01782770},
  journal      = {Distributed Computing},
  number       = {6},
  pages        = {489--501},
  publisher    = {Springer},
  title        = {{Communication-efficient randomized consensus}},
  doi          = {10.1007/s00446-017-0315-1},
  volume       = {31},
  year         = {2018},
}

@article{12193,
  abstract     = {DNA methylation regulates eukaryotic gene expression and is extensively reprogrammed during animal development. However, whether developmental methylation reprogramming during the sporophytic life cycle of flowering plants regulates genes is presently unknown. Here we report a distinctive gene-targeted RNA-directed DNA methylation (RdDM) activity in the Arabidopsis thaliana male sexual lineage that regulates gene expression in meiocytes. Loss of sexual-lineage-specific RdDM causes mis-splicing of the MPS1 gene (also known as PRD2), thereby disrupting meiosis. Our results establish a regulatory paradigm in which de novo methylation creates a cell-lineage-specific epigenetic signature that controls gene expression and contributes to cellular function in flowering plants.},
  author       = {Walker, James and Gao, Hongbo and Zhang, Jingyi and Aldridge, Billy and Vickers, Martin and Higgins, James D. and Feng, Xiaoqi},
  issn         = {1546-1718},
  journal      = {Nature Genetics},
  keywords     = {Genetics},
  number       = {1},
  pages        = {130--137},
  publisher    = {Nature Research},
  title        = {{Sexual-lineage-specific DNA methylation regulates meiosis in Arabidopsis}},
  doi          = {10.1038/s41588-017-0008-5},
  volume       = {50},
  year         = {2017},
}

@article{1228,
  abstract     = {Since 2006, reprogrammed cells have increasingly been used as a biomedical research technique in addition to neuro-psychiatric methods. These rapidly evolving techniques allow for the generation of neuronal sub-populations, and have sparked interest not only in monogenetic neuro-psychiatric diseases, but also in poly-genetic and poly-aetiological disorders such as schizophrenia (SCZ) and bipolar disorder (BPD). This review provides a summary of 19 publications on reprogrammed adult somatic cells derived from patients with SCZ, and five publications using this technique in patients with BPD. As both disorders are complex and heterogeneous, there is a plurality of hypotheses to be tested in vitro. In SCZ, data on alterations of dopaminergic transmission in vitro are sparse, despite the great explanatory power of the so-called DA hypothesis of SCZ. Some findings correspond to perturbations of cell energy metabolism, and observations in reprogrammed cells suggest neuro-developmental alterations. Some studies also report on the efficacy of medicinal compounds to revert alterations observed in cellular models. However, due to the paucity of replication studies, no comprehensive conclusions can be drawn from studies using reprogrammed cells at the present time. In the future, findings from cell culture methods need to be integrated with clinical, epidemiological, pharmacological and imaging data in order to generate a more comprehensive picture of SCZ and BPD.},
  author       = {Sauerzopf, Ulrich and Sacco, Roberto and Novarino, Gaia and Niello, Marco and Weidenauer, Ana and Praschak Rieder, Nicole and Sitte, Harald and Willeit, Matthaeus},
  journal      = {European Journal of Neuroscience},
  number       = {1},
  pages        = {45 -- 57},
  publisher    = {Wiley-Blackwell},
  title        = {{Are reprogrammed cells a useful tool for studying dopamine dysfunction in psychotic disorders? A review of the current evidence}},
  doi          = {10.1111/ejn.13418},
  volume       = {45},
  year         = {2017},
}

@article{123,
  abstract     = {The Leidenfrost effect occurs when an object near a hot surface vaporizes rapidly enough to lift itself up and hover. Although well understood for liquids and stiff sublimable solids, nothing is known about the effect with materials whose stiffness lies between these extremes. Here we introduce a new phenomenon that occurs with vaporizable soft solids - the elastic Leidenfrost effect. By dropping hydrogel spheres onto hot surfaces we find that, rather than hovering, they energetically bounce several times their diameter for minutes at a time. With high-speed video during a single impact, we uncover high-frequency microscopic gap dynamics at the sphere/substrate interface. We show how these otherwise-hidden agitations constitute work cycles that harvest mechanical energy from the vapour and sustain the bouncing. Our findings suggest a new strategy for injecting mechanical energy into a widely used class of soft materials, with potential relevance to fields such as active matter, soft robotics and microfluidics.},
  author       = {Waitukaitis, Scott R and Zuiderwijk, Antal and Souslov, Anton and Coulais, Corentin and Van Hecke, Martin},
  journal      = {Nature Physics},
  number       = {11},
  pages        = {1095 -- 1099},
  publisher    = {Nature Publishing Group},
  title        = {{Coupling the Leidenfrost effect and elastic deformations to power sustained bouncing}},
  doi          = {10.1038/nphys4194},
  volume       = {13},
  year         = {2017},
}

@inproceedings{12571,
  abstract     = {We consider the problems of maintaining approximate maximum matching and minimum vertex cover in a dynamic graph. Starting with the seminal work of Onak and Rubinfeld [STOC 2010], this problem has received significant attention in recent years. Very recently, extending the framework of Baswana, Gupta and Sen [FOCS 2011], Solomon [FOCS 2016] gave a randomized 2-approximation dynamic algorithm for this problem that has amortized update time of O(1) with high probability. We consider the natural open question of derandomizing this result. We present a new deterministic fully dynamic algorithm that maintains a O(1)-approximate minimum vertex cover and maximum fractional matching, with an amortized update time of O(1). Previously, the best deterministic algorithm for this problem was due to Bhattacharya, Henzinger and Italiano [SODA 2015]; it had an approximation ratio of (2+ϵ) and an amortized update time of O(logn/ϵ2). Our result can be generalized to give a fully dynamic O(f3)-approximation algorithm with O(f2) amortized update time for the hypergraph vertex cover and fractional matching problems, where every hyperedge has at most f vertices.},
  author       = {Bhattacharya, Sayan and Chakrabarty, Deeparnab and Henzinger, Monika H},
  booktitle    = {19th International Conference on Integer Programming and Combinatorial Optimization},
  isbn         = {9783319592497},
  issn         = {0302-9743},
  location     = {Waterloo, ON, Canada},
  pages        = {86--98},
  publisher    = {Springer Nature},
  title        = {{Deterministic fully dynamic approximate vertex cover and fractional matching in O(1) amortized update time}},
  doi          = {10.1007/978-3-319-59250-3_8},
  volume       = {10328},
  year         = {2017},
}

@article{12608,
  abstract     = {The spatio-temporal distribution of air temperature over mountain glaciers can demonstrate complex patterns, yet it is often represented simplistically using linear vertical temperature gradients (VTGs) extrapolated from off-glacier locations. We analyse a network of centreline and lateral air temperature observations at Tsanteleina Glacier, Italy, during summer 2015. On average, VTGs are steep (&lt;−0.0065 °C m<jats:sup>−1</jats:sup>), but they are shallow under warm ambient conditions when the correlation between air temperature and elevation becomes weaker. Published along-flowline temperature distribution methods explain centreline observations well, including warming on the lower glacier tongue, but cannot estimate lateral temperature variability. Application of temperature distribution methods improves simulation of melt rates (RMSE) in an energy-balance model by up to 36% compared to the environmental lapse rate extrapolated from an off-glacier station. However, results suggest that model parameters are not easily transferable to glaciers with a small fetch without recalibration. Such methods have potential to improve estimates of temperature across a glacier, but their parameter transferability should be further linked to the glacier and atmospheric characteristics. Furthermore, ‘cold spots’, which can be &gt;2°C cooler than expected for their elevation, whose occurrence is not predicted by the temperature distribution models, are identified at one-quarter of the measurement sites.},
  author       = {SHAW, THOMAS E. and BROCK, BEN W. and AYALA, ÁLVARO and RUTTER, NICK and Pellicciotti, Francesca},
  issn         = {1727-5652},
  journal      = {Journal of Glaciology},
  keywords     = {Earth-Surface Processes},
  number       = {242},
  pages        = {973--988},
  publisher    = {Cambridge University Press},
  title        = {{Centreline and cross-glacier air temperature variability on an Alpine glacier: Assessing temperature distribution methods and their influence on melt model calculations}},
  doi          = {10.1017/jog.2017.65},
  volume       = {63},
  year         = {2017},
}

@article{12609,
  abstract     = {Previous estimates of melt and surface sublimation on glaciers of the subtropical semiarid Andes (29–34°S) have been obtained at few specific locations, but it is not clear how ablation components vary across the entire extent of a glacier in this dry environment. Here, we simulate the distributed energy and mass balance of Juncal Norte Glacier (33°S) during a 2-month summer period. Forcing fields of near-surface air temperature and wind speed are generated using two methods accounting for the main physical processes that shape their spatial variations. Simulated meteorological variables and ablation agree well with observations on the glacier tongue and reveal complex patterns of energy and mass fluxes. Ablation decreases from 70 mm w.e. d<jats:sup>−1</jats:sup> at the low-albedo glacier terminus (~3000 m), where almost 100% of total ablation corresponds to melt, to &lt;5 mm w.e. d<jats:sup>−1</jats:sup> at wind-exposed, strong-radiated sites above 5500 m, where surface sublimation represents &gt;75% of total ablation. Our simulations provide the first glacier-scale estimates of ablation components on a glacier in the study region and better reproduce the observed and expected spatial variations of melt and surface sublimation, in comparison with more simple assumptions, such as linear gradients and uniform wind speeds.},
  author       = {AYALA, A. and Pellicciotti, Francesca and PELEG, N. and BURLANDO, P.},
  issn         = {1727-5652},
  journal      = {Journal of Glaciology},
  keywords     = {Earth-Surface Processes},
  number       = {241},
  pages        = {803--822},
  publisher    = {Cambridge University Press},
  title        = {{Melt and surface sublimation across a glacier in a dry environment: distributed energy-balance modelling of Juncal Norte Glacier, Chile}},
  doi          = {10.1017/jog.2017.46},
  volume       = {63},
  year         = {2017},
}

@article{12610,
  abstract     = {The hydrological systems of heavily-downwasted debris-covered glaciers differ from those of clean-ice glaciers due to the hummocky surface and debris mantle of such glaciers, leading to a relatively limited understanding of drainage pathways. Supraglacial ponds represent sinks within the discontinuous supraglacial drainage system, and occasionally drain englacially. To assess pond dynamics, we made pond water level measurements on Lirung Glacier, Nepal, during May and October of 2013 and 2014. Simultaneously, aerial, satellite, and terrestrial orthoimages and digital elevation models were obtained, providing snapshots of the ponds and their surroundings. We performed a DEM-based analysis of the glacier's closed surface catchments to identify surface drainage pathways and englacial drainage points, and compared this to field observations of surface and near-surface water flow. The total ponded area was higher in the pre-monsoon than post-monsoon, with individual ponds filling and draining seasonally associated with the surface exposure of englacial conduit segments. We recorded four pond drainage events, all of which occurred gradually (duration of weeks), observed diurnal fluctuations indicative of varying water supply and outflow discharge, and we documented instances of interaction between distant ponds. The DEM drainage analysis identified numerous sinks >3 m in depth across the glacier surface, few of which exhibited ponds (23%), while the field survey highlighted instances of surface water only explicable via englacial routes. Taken together, our observations provide evidence for widespread supraglacial-englacial connectivity of meltwater drainage paths. Results suggest that successive englacial conduit collapse events, themselves likely driven by supraglacial pond drainage, cause the glacier surface drainage system to evolve into a configuration following relict englacial conduit systems. Within this system, ponds form in depressions of reduced drainage efficiency and link the supraglacial and englacial drainage networks.},
  author       = {Miles, Evan S. and Steiner, Jakob and Willis, Ian and Buri, Pascal and Immerzeel, Walter W. and Chesnokova, Anna and Pellicciotti, Francesca},
  issn         = {2296-6463},
  journal      = {Frontiers in Earth Science},
  keywords     = {General Earth and Planetary Sciences},
  publisher    = {Frontiers Media},
  title        = {{Pond dynamics and supraglacial-englacial connectivity on debris-covered Lirung Glacier, Nepal}},
  doi          = {10.3389/feart.2017.00069},
  volume       = {5},
  year         = {2017},
}

@article{12611,
  abstract     = {We investigate the energy balance and ablation regimes of glaciers in high-elevation, dry environments using glaciometeorological data collected on six glaciers in the semiarid Andes of North-Central Chile (29–34°S, 3127–5324 m). We use a point-scale physically based energy balance (EB) model and an enhanced Temperature-Index (ETI) model that calculates melt rates only as a function of air temperature and net shortwave radiation. At all sites, the largest energy inputs are net shortwave and incoming longwave radiation, which are controlled by surface albedo and elevation, respectively. Turbulent fluxes cancel each other out at the lower sites, but as elevation increases, cold, dry and wind-exposed conditions increase the magnitude of negative latent heat fluxes, associated with large surface sublimation rates. In midsummer (January), ablation rates vary from 67.9 mm w.e. d−1 at the lowest site (∼100% corresponding to melt), to 2.3 mm w.e. d−1 at the highest site (>85% corresponding to surface sublimation). At low-elevation, low-albedo, melt-dominated sites, the ETI model correctly reproduces melt using a large range of possible parameters, but both the performance and parameter transferability decrease with elevation for two main reasons: (i) the air temperature threshold approach for melt onset does not capture the diurnal variability of melt in cold and strong irradiated environments and (ii) energy losses decrease the correlation between melt and net shortwave radiation. We summarize our results by means of an elevation profile of ablation components that can be used as reference in future studies of glacier ablation in the semiarid Andes.},
  author       = {Ayala, A. and Pellicciotti, Francesca and MacDonell, S. and McPhee, J. and Burlando, P.},
  issn         = {0043-1397},
  journal      = {Water Resources Research},
  keywords     = {Water Science and Technology},
  number       = {7},
  pages        = {5601--5625},
  publisher    = {American Geophysical Union},
  title        = {{Patterns of glacier ablation across North-Central Chile: Identifying the limits of empirical melt models under sublimation-favorable conditions}},
  doi          = {10.1002/2016wr020126},
  volume       = {53},
  year         = {2017},
}

@article{12612,
  abstract     = {Supraglacial ponds play a key role in absorbing atmospheric energy and directing it to the ice of debris-covered glaciers, but the spatial and temporal distribution of these features is not well documented. We analyse 172 Landsat TM/ETM+ scenes for the period 1999–2013 to identify thawed supraglacial ponds for the debris-covered tongues of five glaciers in the Langtang Valley of Nepal. We apply an advanced atmospheric correction routine (Landcor/6S) and use band ratio and image morphological techniques to identify ponds and validate our results with 2.5 m Cartosat-1 observations. We then characterize the spatial, seasonal and interannual patterns of ponds. We find high variability in pond incidence between glaciers (May–October means of 0.08–1.69% of debris area), with ponds most frequent in zones of low surface gradient and velocity. The ponds show pronounced seasonality, appearing in the pre-monsoon as snow melts, peaking at the monsoon onset at 2% of debris-covered area, then declining in the post-monsoon as ponds drain or freeze. Ponds are highly recurrent and persistent, with 40.5% of pond locations occurring for multiple years. Rather than a trend in pond cover over the study period, we find high interannual variability for each glacier after controlling for seasonality.},
  author       = {MILES, EVAN S. and WILLIS, IAN C. and ARNOLD, NEIL S. and STEINER, JAKOB and Pellicciotti, Francesca},
  issn         = {1727-5652},
  journal      = {Journal of Glaciology},
  keywords     = {Earth-Surface Processes},
  number       = {237},
  pages        = {88--105},
  publisher    = {Cambridge University Press},
  title        = {{Spatial, seasonal and interannual variability of supraglacial ponds in the Langtang Valley of Nepal, 1999–2013}},
  doi          = {10.1017/jog.2016.120},
  volume       = {63},
  year         = {2017},
}

@inproceedings{12905,
  author       = {Schlögl, Alois and Kiss, Janos},
  booktitle    = {AHPC17 – Austrian HPC Meeting 2017},
  location     = {Grundlsee, Austria},
  pages        = {28},
  publisher    = {FSP Scientific Computing},
  title        = {{Scientific Computing at IST Austria}},
  year         = {2017},
}