@inproceedings{11923, abstract = {We consider the following online optimization problem. We are given a graph G and each vertex of the graph is assigned to one of ℓ servers, where servers have capacity k and we assume that the graph has ℓ · k vertices. Initially, G does not contain any edges and then the edges of G are revealed one-by-one. The goal is to design an online algorithm ONL, which always places the connected components induced by the revealed edges on the same server and never exceeds the server capacities by more than ∊k for constant ∊ > 0. Whenever ONL learns about a new edge, the algorithm is allowed to move vertices from one server to another. Its objective is to minimize the number of vertex moves. More specifically, ONL should minimize the competitive ratio: the total cost ONL incurs compared to an optimal offline algorithm OPT. The problem was recently introduced by Henzinger et al. (SIGMETRICS'2019) and is related to classic online problems such as online paging and scheduling. It finds applications in the context of resource allocation in the cloud and for optimizing distributed data structures such as union–find data structures. Our main contribution is a polynomial-time randomized algorithm, that is asymptotically optimal: we derive an upper bound of O(log ℓ + log k) on its competitive ratio and show that no randomized online algorithm can achieve a competitive ratio of less than Ω(log ℓ + log k). We also settle the open problem of the achievable competitive ratio by deterministic online algorithms, by deriving a competitive ratio of Θ(ℓ log k); to this end, we present an improved lower bound as well as a deterministic polynomial-time online algorithm. Our algorithms rely on a novel technique which combines efficient integer programming with a combinatorial approach for maintaining ILP solutions. More precisely, we use an ILP to assign the connected components induced by the revealed edges to the servers; this is similar to existing approximation schemes for scheduling algorithms. However, we cannot obtain our competitive ratios if we run the ILP after each edge insertion. Instead, we identify certain types of edge insertions, after which we can manually obtain an optimal ILP solution at zero cost without resolving the ILP. We believe this technique is of independent interest and will find further applications in the future.}, author = {Henzinger, Monika H and Neumann, Stefan and Räcke, Harald and Schmid, Stefan}, booktitle = {32nd Annual ACM-SIAM Symposium on Discrete Algorithms}, location = {Alexandria, VA, United States}, pages = {2799--2818}, publisher = {Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics}, title = {{Tight bounds for online graph partitioning}}, doi = {10.1137/1.9781611976465.166}, year = {2021}, } @inproceedings{11931, abstract = {Clustering is one of the most fundamental problems in unsupervised learning with a large number of applications. However, classical clustering algorithms assume that the data is static, thus failing to capture many real-world applications where data is constantly changing and evolving. Driven by this, we study the metric k-center clustering problem in the fully dynamic setting, where the goal is to efficiently maintain a clustering while supporting an intermixed sequence of insertions and deletions of points. This model also supports queries of the form (1) report whether a given point is a center or (2) determine the cluster a point is assigned to. We present a deterministic dynamic algorithm for the k-center clustering problem that provably achieves a (2 + ∊)-approximation in nearly logarithmic update and query time, if the underlying metric has bounded doubling dimension, its aspect ratio is bounded by a polynomial and ∊ is a constant. An important feature of our algorithm is that the update and query times are independent of k. We confirm the practical relevance of this feature via an extensive experimental study which shows that for large values of k, our algorithmic construction outperforms the state-of-the-art algorithm in terms of solution quality and running time.}, author = {Goranci, Gramoz and Henzinger, Monika H and Leniowski, Dariusz and Schulz, Christian and Svozil, Alexander}, booktitle = {2021 Proceedings of the Workshop on Algorithm Engineering and Experiments}, issn = {2164-0300}, location = {Alexandria, VA, United States}, pages = {143 --153}, publisher = {Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics}, title = {{Fully dynamic k-center clustering in low dimensional metrics}}, doi = {10.1137/1.9781611976472.11}, year = {2021}, } @article{11956, abstract = {Controlling the selectivity of a chemical reaction with external stimuli is common in thermal processes, but rare in visible-light photocatalysis. Here we show that the redox potential of a carbon nitride photocatalyst (CN-OA-m) can be tuned by changing the irradiation wavelength to generate electron holes with different oxidation potentials. This tuning was the key to realizing photo-chemo-enzymatic cascades that give either the (S)- or the (R)-enantiomer of phenylethanol. In combination with an unspecific peroxygenase from Agrocybe aegerita, green light irradiation of CN-OA-m led to the enantioselective hydroxylation of ethylbenzene to (R)-1-phenylethanol (99 % ee). In contrast, blue light irradiation triggered the photocatalytic oxidation of ethylbenzene to acetophenone, which in turn was enantioselectively reduced with an alcohol dehydrogenase from Rhodococcus ruber to form (S)-1-phenylethanol (93 % ee).}, author = {Schmermund, Luca and Reischauer, Susanne and Bierbaumer, Sarah and Winkler, Christoph K. and Diaz‐Rodriguez, Alba and Edwards, Lee J. and Kara, Selin and Mielke, Tamara and Cartwright, Jared and Grogan, Gideon and Pieber, Bartholomäus and Kroutil, Wolfgang}, issn = {1521-3773}, journal = {Angewandte Chemie International Edition}, number = {13}, pages = {6965--6969}, publisher = {Wiley}, title = {{Chromoselective photocatalysis enables stereocomplementary biocatalytic pathways}}, doi = {10.1002/anie.202100164}, volume = {60}, year = {2021}, } @article{11965, abstract = {Metallaphotocatalytic cross-coupling reactions are typically carried out by combining homogeneous or heterogeneous photocatalysts with a soluble nickel complex. Previous attempts to realize recyclable catalytic systems use immobilized iridium complexes to harvest light. We present bifunctional materials based on semiconductors for metallaphotocatalytic C−S cross-coupling reactions that can be reused without losing their catalytic activity. Key to the success is the permanent immobilization of a nickel complex on the surface of a heterogeneous semiconductor through phosphonic acid anchors. The optimized catalyst harvests a broad range of the visible light spectrum and requires a nickel loading of only ∼0.1 mol %.}, author = {Reischauer, Susanne and Pieber, Bartholomäus}, issn = {2367-0932}, journal = {ChemPhotoChem}, number = {8}, pages = {716--720}, publisher = {Wiley}, title = {{Recyclable, bifunctional metallaphotocatalysts for C−S cross‐coupling reactions}}, doi = {10.1002/cptc.202100062}, volume = {5}, year = {2021}, } @article{11972, abstract = {Carbon dots have been previosly immobilized on titanium dioxide to generate photocatalysts for pollutant degradation and water splitting. Here we demonstrate that these nanocomposites are valuable photocatalysts for metallaphotocatalytic carbon–heteroatom cross-couplings. These sustainable materials show a large applicability, high photostability, excellent reusability, and broadly absorb across the visible-light spectrum.}, author = {Zhao, Zhouxiang and Reischauer, Susanne and Pieber, Bartholomäus and Delbianco, Martina}, issn = {1463-9270}, journal = {Green Chemistry}, number = {12}, pages = {4524--4530}, publisher = {Royal Society of Chemistry}, title = {{Carbon dot/TiO₂ nanocomposites as photocatalysts for metallaphotocatalytic carbon-heteroatom cross-couplings}}, doi = {10.1039/d1gc01284c}, volume = {23}, year = {2021}, } @article{11974, abstract = {Visible light photocatalysis has become a powerful tool in organic synthesis that uses photons as traceless, sustainable reagents. Most of the activities in the field focus on the development of new reactions via common photoredox cycles, but recently a number of exciting new concepts and strategies entered less charted territories. We survey approaches that enable the use of longer wavelengths and show that the wavelength and intensity of photons are import parameters that enable tuning of the reactivity of a photocatalyst to control or change the selectivity of chemical reactions. In addition, we discuss recent efforts to substitute strong reductants, such as elemental lithium and sodium, by light and technological advances in the field.}, author = {Reischauer, Susanne and Pieber, Bartholomäus}, issn = {2589-0042}, journal = {iScience}, number = {3}, publisher = {Elsevier}, title = {{Emerging concepts in photocatalytic organic synthesis}}, doi = {10.1016/j.isci.2021.102209}, volume = {24}, year = {2021}, } @article{11981, abstract = {The cleavage of benzyl ethers by catalytic hydrogenolysis or Birch reduction suffers from poor functional group compatibility and limits their use as a protecting group. The visible-light-mediated debenzylation disclosed here renders benzyl ethers temporary protective groups, enabling new orthogonal protection strategies. Using 2,3-dichloro-5,6-dicyano-1,4-benzoquinone (DDQ) as a stoichiometric or catalytic photooxidant, benzyl ethers can be cleaved in the presence of azides, alkenes, and alkynes. The reaction time can be reduced from hours to minutes in continuous flow.}, author = {Cavedon, Cristian and Sletten, Eric T. and Madani, Amiera and Niemeyer, Olaf and Seeberger, Peter H. and Pieber, Bartholomäus}, issn = {1523-7052}, journal = {Organic Letters}, number = {2}, pages = {514--518}, publisher = {American Chemical Society}, title = {{Visible-light-mediated oxidative debenzylation enables the use of benzyl ethers as temporary protecting groups}}, doi = {10.1021/acs.orglett.0c04026}, volume = {23}, year = {2021}, } @unpublished{12068, abstract = {Metallaphotocatalysis typically requires a photocatalyst to harness the energy of visible-light and transfer it to a transition metal catalyst to trigger chemical reactions. The most prominent example is the merger of photo- and nickel catalysis that unlocked various cross-couplings. However, the high reactivity of excited photocatalyst can lead to unwanted side reactions thus limiting this approach. Here we show that a bipyridine ligand that is subtly decorated with two carbazole groups forms a nickel complex that absorbs visible-light and promotes several carbon–heteroatom cross-couplings in the absence of an exogenous photocatalysts. The ligand can be polymerized in a simple one-step procedure to afford a porous organic polymer that can be used for heterogeneous nickel catalysis in the same reactions. The material can be easily recovered and reused multiple times maintaining high catalytic activity and selectivity.}, author = {Cavedon, Cristian and Gisbertz, Sebastian and Vogl, Sarah and Richter, Noah and Schrottke, Stefanie and Teutloff, Christian and Seeberger, Peter H. and Thomas, Arne and Pieber, Bartholomäus}, publisher = {ChemRxiv}, title = {{Photocatalyst-free, visible-light-mediated nickel catalyzed carbon–heteroatom cross-couplings}}, doi = {10.26434/chemrxiv-2021-kt2wr}, year = {2021}, } @unpublished{12070, abstract = {Controlling the selectivity of a chemical reaction with external stimuli is common in thermal processes, but rare in visible-light photocatalysis. Here we show that the redox potential of a carbon nitride photocatalyst (CN-OA-m) can be tuned by changing the irradiation wavelength to generate electron holes with different oxidation potentials. This tuning was the key to realizing photo-chemo-enzymatic cascades that give either the (S)- or the (R)-enantiomer of phenylethanol. In combination with an unspecific peroxygenase from Agrocybe aegerita, green light irradiation of CN-OA-m led to the enantioselective hydroxylation of ethylbenzene to (R)-1-phenylethanol (99% ee). In contrast, blue light irradiation triggered the photocatalytic oxidation of ethylbenzene to acetophenone, which in turn was enantioselectively reduced with an alcohol dehydrogenase from Rhodococcus ruber to form (S)-1-phenylethanol (93% ee).}, author = {Schmermund, Luca and Reischauer, Susanne and Bierbaumer, Sarah and Winkler, Christoph and Diaz-Rodriguez, Alba and Edwards, Lee J. and Kara, Selin and Mielke, Tamara and Cartwright, Jared and Grogan, Gideon and Pieber, Bartholomäus and Kroutil, Wolfgang}, publisher = {ChemRxiv}, title = {{Switching between enantiomers by combining chromoselective photocatalysis and biocatalysis}}, doi = {10.26434/chemrxiv.13521527}, year = {2021}, } @article{12071, abstract = {Despite many efforts to rationalize the strongly correlated electronic ground states in doped Mott insulators, the nature of the doping-induced insulator-to-metal transition is still a subject under intensive investigation. Here, we probe the nanoscale electronic structure of the Mott insulator Sr₂IrO₄δ with low-temperature scanning tunneling microscopy and find an enhanced local density of states (LDOS) inside the Mott gap at the location of individual defects which we interpret as defects at apical oxygen sites. A chiral behavior in the topography for those defects has been observed. We also visualize the local enhanced conductance arising from the overlapping of defect states which induces finite LDOS inside of the Mott gap. By combining these findings with the typical spatial extension of isolated defects of about 2 nm, our results indicate that the insulator-to-metal transition in Sr₂IrO₄−δ could be percolative in nature.}, author = {Sun, Zhixiang and Guevara, Jose M. and Sykora, Steffen and Paerschke, Ekaterina and Manna, Kaustuv and Maljuk, Andrey and Wurmehl, Sabine and van den Brink, Jeroen and Büchner, Bernd and Hess, Christian}, issn = {2643-1564}, journal = {Physical Review Research}, number = {2}, publisher = {American Physical Society}, title = {{Evidence for a percolative Mott insulator-metal transition in doped Sr₂IrO₄}}, doi = {10.1103/physrevresearch.3.023075}, volume = {3}, year = {2021}, } @unpublished{12076, abstract = {We find an asymptotic formula for the number of primitive vectors $(z_1,\ldots,z_4)\in (\mathbb{Z}_{\neq 0})^4$ such that $z_1,\ldots, z_4$ are all squareful and bounded by $B$, and $z_1+\cdots + z_4 = 0$. Our result agrees in the power of $B$ and $\log B$ with the Campana-Manin conjecture of Pieropan, Smeets, Tanimoto and V\'{a}rilly-Alvarado.}, author = {Shute, Alec L}, booktitle = {arXiv}, title = {{Sums of four squareful numbers}}, doi = {10.48550/arXiv.2104.06966}, year = {2021}, } @unpublished{12077, abstract = {We compare the Manin-type conjecture for Campana points recently formulated by Pieropan, Smeets, Tanimoto and V\'{a}rilly-Alvarado with an alternative prediction of Browning and Van Valckenborgh in the special case of the orbifold $(\mathbb{P}^1,D)$, where $D =\frac{1}{2}[0]+\frac{1}{2}[1]+\frac{1}{2}[\infty]$. We find that the two predicted leading constants do not agree, and we discuss whether thin sets could explain this discrepancy. Motivated by this, we provide a counterexample to the Manin-type conjecture for Campana points, by considering orbifolds corresponding to squareful values of binary quadratic forms.}, author = {Shute, Alec L}, booktitle = {arXiv}, title = {{On the leading constant in the Manin-type conjecture for Campana points}}, doi = {10.48550/arXiv.2104.14946}, year = {2021}, } @article{12186, abstract = {Activation of cell-surface and intracellular receptor-mediated immunity results in rapid transcriptional reprogramming that underpins disease resistance. However, the mechanisms by which co-activation of both immune systems lead to transcriptional changes are not clear. Here, we combine RNA-seq and ATAC-seq to define changes in gene expression and chromatin accessibility. Activation of cell-surface or intracellular receptor-mediated immunity, or both, increases chromatin accessibility at induced defence genes. Analysis of ATAC-seq and RNA-seq data combined with publicly available information on transcription factor DNA-binding motifs enabled comparison of individual gene regulatory networks activated by cell-surface or intracellular receptor-mediated immunity, or by both. These results and analyses reveal overlapping and conserved transcriptional regulatory mechanisms between the two immune systems.}, author = {Ding, Pingtao and Sakai, Toshiyuki and Krishna Shrestha, Ram and Manosalva Perez, Nicolas and Guo, Wenbin and Ngou, Bruno Pok Man and He, Shengbo and Liu, Chang and Feng, Xiaoqi and Zhang, Runxuan and Vandepoele, Klaas and MacLean, Dan and Jones, Jonathan D G}, issn = {0022-0957}, journal = {Journal of Experimental Botany}, keywords = {Plant Science, Physiology}, number = {22}, pages = {7927--7941}, publisher = {Oxford University Press}, title = {{Chromatin accessibility landscapes activated by cell-surface and intracellular immune receptors}}, doi = {10.1093/jxb/erab373}, volume = {72}, year = {2021}, } @article{12187, abstract = {Genomes of germ cells present an existential vulnerability to organisms because germ cell mutations will propagate to future generations. Transposable elements are one source of such mutations. In the small flowering plant Arabidopsis, Long et al. found that genome methylation in the male germline is directed by small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) imperfectly transcribed from transposons (see the Perspective by Mosher). These germline siRNAs silence germline transposons and establish inherited methylation patterns in sperm, thus maintaining the integrity of the plant genome across generations.}, author = {Long, Jincheng and Walker, James and She, Wenjing and Aldridge, Billy and Gao, Hongbo and Deans, Samuel and Vickers, Martin and Feng, Xiaoqi}, issn = {0036-8075}, journal = {Science}, keywords = {Multidisciplinary}, number = {6550}, publisher = {American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)}, title = {{Nurse cell--derived small RNAs define paternal epigenetic inheritance in Arabidopsis}}, doi = {10.1126/science.abh0556}, volume = {373}, year = {2021}, } @article{12308, abstract = {Let P and Q be two points on an elliptic curve defined over a number field K. For α∈End(E), define Bα to be the OK-integral ideal generated by the denominator of x(α(P)+Q). Let O be a subring of End(E), that is a Dedekind domain. We will study the sequence {Bα}α∈O. We will show that, for all but finitely many α∈O, the ideal Bα has a primitive divisor when P is a non-torsion point and there exist two endomorphisms g≠0 and f so that f(P)=g(Q). This is a generalization of previous results on elliptic divisibility sequences.}, author = {Verzobio, Matteo}, issn = {2522-0160}, journal = {Research in Number Theory}, keywords = {Algebra and Number Theory}, number = {2}, publisher = {Springer Nature}, title = {{Primitive divisors of sequences associated to elliptic curves with complex multiplication}}, doi = {10.1007/s40993-021-00267-9}, volume = {7}, year = {2021}, } @article{12309, abstract = {Take a rational elliptic curve defined by the equation y2=x3+ax in minimal form and consider the sequence Bn of the denominators of the abscissas of the iterate of a non-torsion point. We show that B5m has a primitive divisor for every m. Then, we show how to generalize this method to the terms of the form Bmp with p a prime congruent to 1 modulo 4.}, author = {Verzobio, Matteo}, issn = {0065-1036}, journal = {Acta Arithmetica}, keywords = {Algebra and Number Theory}, number = {2}, pages = {129--168}, publisher = {Institute of Mathematics, Polish Academy of Sciences}, title = {{Primitive divisors of elliptic divisibility sequences for elliptic curves with j=1728}}, doi = {10.4064/aa191016-30-7}, volume = {198}, year = {2021}, } @unpublished{12314, abstract = {In literature, there are two different definitions of elliptic divisibility sequences. The first one says that a sequence of integers $\{h_n\}_{n\geq 0}$ is an elliptic divisibility sequence if it verifies the recurrence relation $h_{m+n}h_{m-n}h_{r}^2=h_{m+r}h_{m-r}h_{n}^2-h_{n+r}h_{n-r}h_{m}^2$ for every natural number $m\geq n\geq r$. The second definition says that a sequence of integers $\{\beta_n\}_{n\geq 0}$ is an elliptic divisibility sequence if it is the sequence of the square roots (chosen with an appropriate sign) of the denominators of the abscissas of the iterates of a point on a rational elliptic curve. It is well-known that the two sequences are not equivalent. Hence, given a sequence of the denominators $\{\beta_n\}_{n\geq 0}$, in general does not hold $\beta_{m+n}\beta_{m-n}\beta_{r}^2=\beta_{m+r}\beta_{m-r}\beta_{n}^2-\beta_{n+r}\beta_{n-r}\beta_{m}^2$ for $m\geq n\geq r$. We will prove that the recurrence relation above holds for $\{\beta_n\}_{n\geq 0}$ under some conditions on the indexes $m$, $n$, and $r$.}, author = {Verzobio, Matteo}, booktitle = {arXiv}, title = {{A recurrence relation for elliptic divisibility sequences}}, doi = {10.48550/arXiv.2102.07573}, year = {2021}, } @article{12583, abstract = {Peruvian glaciers are important contributors to dry season runoff for agriculture and hydropower, but they are at risk of disappearing due to climate change. We applied a physically based, energy balance melt model at five on-glacier sites within the Peruvian Cordilleras Blanca and Vilcanota. Net shortwave radiation dominates the energy balance, and despite this flux being higher in the dry season, melt rates are lower due to losses from net longwave radiation and the latent heat flux. The sensible heat flux is a relatively small contributor to melt energy. At three of the sites the wet season snowpack was discontinuous, forming and melting within a daily to weekly timescale, and resulting in highly variable melt rates closely related to precipitation dynamics. Cold air temperatures due to a strong La Niña year at Shallap Glacier (Cordillera Blanca) resulted in a continuous wet season snowpack, significantly reducing wet season ablation. Sublimation was most important at the highest site in the accumulation zone of the Quelccaya Ice Cap (Cordillera Vilcanota), accounting for 81% of ablation, compared to 2%–4% for the other sites. Air temperature and precipitation inputs were perturbed to investigate the climate sensitivity of the five glaciers. At the lower sites warmer air temperatures resulted in a switch from snowfall to rain, so that ablation was increased via the decrease in albedo and increase in net shortwave radiation. At the top of Quelccaya Ice Cap warming caused melting to replace sublimation so that ablation increased nonlinearly with air temperature.}, author = {Fyffe, Catriona L. and Potter, Emily and Fugger, Stefan and Orr, Andrew and Fatichi, Simone and Loarte, Edwin and Medina, Katy and Hellström, Robert Å. and Bernat, Maud and Aubry‐Wake, Caroline and Gurgiser, Wolfgang and Perry, L. Baker and Suarez, Wilson and Quincey, Duncan J. and Pellicciotti, Francesca}, issn = {2169-8996}, journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres}, keywords = {Space and Planetary Science, Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous), Atmospheric Science, Geophysics}, number = {23}, publisher = {American Geophysical Union}, title = {{The energy and mass balance of Peruvian Glaciers}}, doi = {10.1029/2021jd034911}, volume = {126}, year = {2021}, } @article{12584, abstract = {This project explored the integrated use of satellite, ground observations and hydrological distributed models to support water resources assessment and monitoring in High Mountain Asia (HMA). Hydrological data products were generated taking advantage of the synergies of European and Chinese data assets and space-borne observation systems. Energy-budget-based glacier mass balance and hydrological models driven by satellite observations were developed. These models can be applied to describe glacier-melt contribution to river flow. Satellite hydrological data products were used for forcing, calibration, validation and data assimilation in distributed river basin models. A pilot study was carried out on the Red River basin. Multiple hydrological data products were generated using the data collected by Chinese satellites. A new Evapo-Transpiration (ET) dataset from 2000 to 2018 was generated, including plant transpiration, soil evaporation, rainfall interception loss, snow/ice sublimation and open water evaporation. Higher resolution data were used to characterize glaciers and their response to environmental forcing. These studies focused on the Parlung Zangbo Basin, where glacier facies were mapped with GaoFeng (GF), Sentinal-2/Multi-Spectral Imager (S2/MSI) and Landsat8/Operational Land Imager (L8/OLI) data. The geodetic mass balance was estimated between 2000 and 2017 with Zi-Yuan (ZY)-3 Stereo Images and the SRTM DEM. Surface velocity was studied with Landsat5/Thematic Mapper (L5/TM), L8/OLI and S2/MSI data over the period 2013–2019. An updated method was developed to improve the retrieval of glacier albedo by correcting glacier reflectance for anisotropy, and a new dataset on glacier albedo was generated for the period 2001–2020. A detailed glacier energy and mass balance model was developed with the support of field experiments at the Parlung No. 4 Glacier and the 24 K Glacier, both in the Tibetan Plateau. Besides meteorological measurements, the field experiments included glaciological and hydrological measurements. The energy balance model was formulated in terms of enthalpy for easier treatment of water phase transitions. The model was applied to assess the spatial variability in glacier melt. In the Parlung No. 4 Glacier, the accumulated glacier melt was between 1.5 and 2.5 m w.e. in the accumulation zone and between 4.5 and 6.0 m w.e. in the ablation zone, reaching 6.5 m w.e. at the terminus. The seasonality in the glacier mass balance was observed by combining intensive field campaigns with continuous automatic observations. The linkage of the glacier and snowpack mass balance with water resources in a river basin was analyzed in the Chiese (Italy) and Heihe (China) basins by developing and applying integrated hydrological models using satellite retrievals in multiple ways. The model FEST-WEB was calibrated using retrievals of Land Surface Temperature (LST) to map soil hydrological properties. A watershed model was developed by coupling ecohydrological and socioeconomic systems. Integrated modeling is supported by an updated and parallelized data assimilation system. The latter exploits retrievals of brightness temperature (Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer, AMSR), LST (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer, MODIS), precipitation (Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) and FengYun (FY)-2D) and in-situ measurements. In the case study on the Red River Basin, a new algorithm has been applied to disaggregate the SMOS (Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity) soil moisture retrievals by making use of the correlation between evaporative fraction and soil moisture.}, author = {Menenti, Massimo and Li, Xin and Jia, Li and Yang, Kun and Pellicciotti, Francesca and Mancini, Marco and Shi, Jiancheng and Escorihuela, Maria José and Zheng, Chaolei and Chen, Qiting and Lu, Jing and Zhou, Jie and Hu, Guangcheng and Ren, Shaoting and Zhang, Jing and Liu, Qinhuo and Qiu, Yubao and Huang, Chunlin and Zhou, Ji and Han, Xujun and Pan, Xiaoduo and Li, Hongyi and Wu, Yerong and Ding, Baohong and Yang, Wei and Buri, Pascal and McCarthy, Michael J. and Miles, Evan S. and Shaw, Thomas E. and Ma, Chunfeng and Zhou, Yanzhao and Corbari, Chiara and Li, Rui and Zhao, Tianjie and Stefan, Vivien and Gao, Qi and Zhang, Jingxiao and Xie, Qiuxia and Wang, Ning and Sun, Yibo and Mo, Xinyu and Jia, Junru and Jouberton, Achille Pierre and Kneib, Marin and Fugger, Stefan and Paciolla, Nicola and Paolini, Giovanni}, issn = {2072-4292}, journal = {Remote Sensing}, keywords = {General Earth and Planetary Sciences}, number = {24}, publisher = {MDPI}, title = {{Multi-source hydrological data products to monitor High Asian river basins and regional water security}}, doi = {10.3390/rs13245122}, volume = {13}, year = {2021}, } @article{12585, abstract = {Glaciers in High Mountain Asia generate meltwater that supports the water needs of 250 million people, but current knowledge of annual accumulation and ablation is limited to sparse field measurements biased in location and glacier size. Here, we present altitudinally-resolved specific mass balances (surface, internal, and basal combined) for 5527 glaciers in High Mountain Asia for 2000–2016, derived by correcting observed glacier thinning patterns for mass redistribution due to ice flow. We find that 41% of glaciers accumulated mass over less than 20% of their area, and only 60% ± 10% of regional annual ablation was compensated by accumulation. Even without 21st century warming, 21% ± 1% of ice volume will be lost by 2100 due to current climatic-geometric imbalance, representing a reduction in glacier ablation into rivers of 28% ± 1%. The ablation of glaciers in the Himalayas and Tien Shan was mostly unsustainable and ice volume in these regions will reduce by at least 30% by 2100. The most important and vulnerable glacier-fed river basins (Amu Darya, Indus, Syr Darya, Tarim Interior) were supplied with >50% sustainable glacier ablation but will see long-term reductions in ice mass and glacier meltwater supply regardless of the Karakoram Anomaly.}, author = {Miles, Evan and McCarthy, Michael and Dehecq, Amaury and Kneib, Marin and Fugger, Stefan and Pellicciotti, Francesca}, issn = {2041-1723}, journal = {Nature Communications}, keywords = {General Physics and Astronomy, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, General Chemistry, Multidisciplinary}, publisher = {Springer Nature}, title = {{Health and sustainability of glaciers in High Mountain Asia}}, doi = {10.1038/s41467-021-23073-4}, volume = {12}, year = {2021}, }