@misc{13061,
  abstract     = {Infections early in life can have enduring effects on an organism’s development and immunity. In this study, we show that this equally applies to developing “superorganisms” – incipient social insect colonies. When we exposed newly mated Lasius niger ant queens to a low pathogen dose, their colonies grew more slowly than controls before winter, but reached similar sizes afterwards. Independent of exposure, queen hibernation survival improved when the ratio of pupae to workers was small. Queens that reared fewer pupae before worker emergence exhibited lower pathogen levels, indicating that high brood rearing efforts interfere with the ability of the queen’s immune system to suppress pathogen proliferation. Early-life queen pathogen-exposure also improved the immunocompetence of her worker offspring, as demonstrated by challenging the workers to the same pathogen a year later. Transgenerational transfer of the queen’s pathogen experience to her workforce can hence durably reduce the disease susceptibility of the whole superorganism.},
  author       = {Casillas Perez, Barbara E and Pull, Christopher and Naiser, Filip and Naderlinger, Elisabeth and Matas, Jiri and Cremer, Sylvia},
  publisher    = {Dryad},
  title        = {{Early queen infection shapes developmental dynamics and induces long-term disease protection in incipient ant colonies}},
  doi          = {10.5061/DRYAD.7PVMCVDTJ},
  year         = {2021},
}

@misc{13062,
  abstract     = {This paper analyzes the conditions for local adaptation in a metapopulation with infinitely many islands under a model of hard selection, where population size depends on local fitness. Each island belongs to one of two distinct ecological niches or habitats. Fitness is influenced by an additive trait which is under habitat-dependent directional selection. Our analysis is based on the diffusion approximation and  accounts for both genetic drift and demographic stochasticity. By neglecting linkage disequilibria, it yields the joint distribution of allele frequencies and population size on each island. We find that under hard selection, the conditions for local adaptation in a rare habitat are more restrictive for more polygenic traits: even moderate migration load per locus at very many loci is sufficient for population sizes to decline. This further reduces the efficacy of selection at individual loci due to increased drift and because smaller populations are more prone to swamping due to migration, causing a positive feedback between increasing maladaptation and declining population sizes. Our analysis also highlights the importance of demographic stochasticity, which  exacerbates the decline in numbers of maladapted populations, leading to population collapse in the rare habitat at significantly lower migration than predicted by deterministic arguments.},
  author       = {Szep, Eniko and Sachdeva, Himani and Barton, Nicholas H},
  publisher    = {Dryad},
  title        = {{Supplementary code for: Polygenic local adaptation in metapopulations: A stochastic eco-evolutionary model}},
  doi          = {10.5061/DRYAD.8GTHT76P1},
  year         = {2021},
}

@misc{13063,
  abstract     = {We develop a Bayesian model (BayesRR-RC) that provides robust SNP-heritability estimation, an alternative to marker discovery, and accurate genomic prediction, taking 22 seconds per iteration to estimate 8.4 million SNP-effects and 78 SNP-heritability parameters in the UK Biobank. We find that only $\leq$ 10\% of the genetic variation captured for height, body mass index, cardiovascular disease, and type 2 diabetes is attributable to proximal regulatory regions within 10kb upstream of genes, while 12-25% is attributed to coding regions, 32-44% to introns, and 22-28% to distal 10-500kb upstream regions. Up to 24% of all cis and coding regions of each chromosome are associated with each trait, with over 3,100 independent exonic and intronic regions and over 5,400 independent regulatory regions having &gt;95% probability of contributing &gt;0.001% to the genetic variance of these four traits. Our open-source software (GMRM) provides a scalable alternative to current approaches for biobank data.},
  author       = {Robinson, Matthew Richard},
  publisher    = {Dryad},
  title        = {{Probabilistic inference of the genetic architecture of functional enrichment of complex traits}},
  doi          = {10.5061/dryad.sqv9s4n51},
  year         = {2021},
}

@misc{13068,
  abstract     = {Source data and source code for the graphs in "Spatiotemporal dynamics of self-organized branching pancreatic cancer-derived organoids".},
  author       = {Randriamanantsoa, Samuel and Papargyriou, Aristeidis and Maurer, Carlo and Peschke, Katja and Schuster, Maximilian and Zecchin, Giulia and Steiger, Katja and Öllinger, Rupert and Saur, Dieter and Scheel, Christina and Rad, Roland and Hannezo, Edouard B and Reichert, Maximilian and Bausch, Andreas R.},
  publisher    = {Zenodo},
  title        = {{Spatiotemporal dynamics of self-organized branching in pancreas-derived organoids}},
  doi          = {10.5281/ZENODO.5148117},
  year         = {2021},
}

@misc{13069,
  abstract     = {To survive elevated temperatures, ectotherms adjust the fluidity of membranes by fine-tuning lipid desaturation levels in a process previously described to be cell-autonomous. We have discovered that, in Caenorhabditis elegans, neuronal Heat shock Factor 1 (HSF-1), the conserved master regulator of the heat shock response (HSR)- causes extensive fat remodelling in peripheral tissues. These changes include a decrease in fat desaturase and acid lipase expression in the intestine, and a global shift in the saturation levels of plasma membrane’s phospholipids. The observed remodelling of plasma membrane is in line with ectothermic adaptive responses and gives worms a cumulative advantage to warm temperatures. We have determined that at least six TAX-2/TAX-4 cGMP gated channel expressing sensory neurons and TGF-β/BMP are required for signalling across tissues to modulate fat desaturation. We also find neuronal hsf-1  is not only sufficient but also partially necessary to control the fat remodelling response and for survival at warm temperatures. This is the first study to show that a thermostat-based mechanism can cell non-autonomously coordinate membrane saturation and composition across tissues in a multicellular animal.},
  author       = {Chauve, Laetitia and Hodge, Francesca and Murdoch, Sharlene and Masoudzadeh, Fatemah and Mann, Harry-Jack and Lopez-Clavijo, Andrea and Okkenhaug, Hanneke and West, Greg and Sousa, Bebiana C. and Segonds-Pichon, Anne and Li, Cheryl and Wingett, Steven and Kienberger, Hermine and Kleigrewe, Karin and de Bono, Mario and Wakelam, Michael and Casanueva, Olivia},
  publisher    = {Zenodo},
  title        = {{Neuronal HSF-1 coordinates the propagation of fat desaturation across tissues to enable adaptation to high temperatures in C. elegans}},
  doi          = {10.5281/ZENODO.5519410},
  year         = {2021},
}

@misc{13072,
  abstract     = {CpGs and corresponding mean weights for DNAm-based prediction of cognitive abilities (6 traits)},
  author       = {McCartney, Daniel L and Hillary, Robert F and Conole, Eleanor LS and Trejo Banos, Daniel and Gadd, Danni A and Walker, Rosie M and Nangle, Cliff and Flaig, Robin and Campbell, Archie and Murray, Alison D and Munoz Maniega, Susana and del C Valdes-Hernandez, Maria and Harris, Mathew A and Bastin, Mark E and Wardlaw, Joanna M and Harris, Sarah E and Porteous, David J and Tucker-Drob, Elliot M and McIntosh, Andrew M and Evans, Kathryn L and Deary, Ian J and Cox, Simon R and Robinson, Matthew Richard and Marioni, Riccardo E},
  publisher    = {Zenodo},
  title        = {{Blood-based epigenome-wide analyses of cognitive abilities}},
  doi          = {10.5281/ZENODO.5794028},
  year         = {2021},
}

@misc{13080,
  abstract     = {Data for the manuscript 'Closing of the Induced Gap in a Hybrid Superconductor-Semiconductor Nanowire' ([2006.01275] Closing of the Induced Gap in a Hybrid Superconductor-Semiconductor Nanowire (arxiv.org))

We upload a pdf with extended data sets, and the raw data for these extended datasets as well.},
  author       = {Puglia, Denise and Martinez, Esteban and Menard, Gerbold and Pöschl, Andreas and Gronin, Sergei and Gardner, Geoffrey and Kallaher, Ray and Manfra, Michael and Marcus, Charles and Higginbotham, Andrew P and Casparis, Lucas},
  publisher    = {Zenodo},
  title        = {{Data for 'Closing of the Induced Gap in a Hybrid Superconductor-Semiconductor Nanowire}},
  doi          = {10.5281/ZENODO.4592435},
  year         = {2021},
}

@inproceedings{13146,
  abstract     = {A recent line of work has analyzed the theoretical properties of deep neural networks via the Neural Tangent Kernel (NTK). In particular, the smallest eigenvalue of the NTK has been related to the memorization capacity, the global convergence of gradient descent algorithms and the generalization of deep nets. However, existing results either provide bounds in the two-layer setting or assume that the spectrum of the NTK matrices is bounded away from 0 for multi-layer networks. In this paper, we provide tight bounds on the smallest eigenvalue of NTK matrices for deep ReLU nets, both in the limiting case of infinite widths and for finite widths. In the finite-width setting, the network architectures we consider are fairly general: we require the existence of a wide layer with roughly order of N neurons, N being the number of data samples; and the scaling of the remaining layer widths is arbitrary (up to logarithmic factors). To obtain our results, we analyze various quantities of independent interest: we give lower bounds on the smallest singular value of hidden feature matrices, and upper bounds on the Lipschitz constant of input-output feature maps.},
  author       = {Nguyen, Quynh and Mondelli, Marco and Montufar, Guido},
  booktitle    = {Proceedings of the 38th International Conference on Machine Learning},
  isbn         = {9781713845065},
  issn         = {2640-3498},
  location     = {Virtual},
  pages        = {8119--8129},
  publisher    = {ML Research Press},
  title        = {{Tight bounds on the smallest Eigenvalue of the neural tangent kernel for deep ReLU networks}},
  volume       = {139},
  year         = {2021},
}

@inproceedings{13147,
  abstract     = {We investigate fast and communication-efficient algorithms for the classic problem of minimizing a sum of strongly convex and smooth functions that are distributed among n
 different nodes, which can communicate using a limited number of bits. Most previous communication-efficient approaches for this problem are limited to first-order optimization, and therefore have \emph{linear} dependence on the condition number in their communication complexity. We show that this dependence is not inherent: communication-efficient methods can in fact have sublinear dependence on the condition number. For this, we design and analyze the first communication-efficient distributed variants of preconditioned gradient descent for Generalized Linear Models, and for Newton’s method. Our results rely on a new technique for quantizing both the preconditioner and the descent direction at each step of the algorithms, while controlling their convergence rate. We also validate our findings experimentally, showing faster convergence and reduced communication relative to previous methods.},
  author       = {Alimisis, Foivos and Davies, Peter and Alistarh, Dan-Adrian},
  booktitle    = {Proceedings of the 38th International Conference on Machine Learning},
  isbn         = {9781713845065},
  issn         = {2640-3498},
  location     = {Virtual},
  pages        = {196--206},
  publisher    = {ML Research Press},
  title        = {{Communication-efficient distributed optimization with quantized preconditioners}},
  volume       = {139},
  year         = {2021},
}

@article{8198,
  abstract     = {We investigate how the critical driving amplitude at the Floquet many-body localized (MBL) to ergodic phase transition differs between smooth and nonsmooth drives. To this end, we numerically study a disordered spin-1/2 chain which is periodically driven by a sine or square-wave drive over a wide range of driving frequencies. In both cases the critical driving amplitude increases monotonically with the frequency, and at large frequencies it is identical for the two drives. However, at low and intermediate frequencies the critical amplitude of the square-wave drive depends strongly on the frequency, while that of the sinusoidal drive is almost constant over a wide frequency range. By analyzing the density of drive-induced resonances we conclude that this difference is due to resonances induced by the higher harmonics which are present (absent) in the Fourier spectrum of the square-wave (sine) drive. Furthermore, we suggest a numerically efficient method for estimating the frequency dependence of the critical driving amplitudes for different drives which is based on calculating the density of drive-induced resonances. We conclude that delocalization occurs once the density of drive-induced resonances reaches a critical value determined only by the static system.},
  author       = {Diringer, Asaf A. and Gulden, Tobias},
  issn         = {24699969},
  journal      = {Physical Review B},
  number       = {21},
  publisher    = {American Physical Society},
  title        = {{Impact of drive harmonics on the stability of Floquet many-body localization}},
  doi          = {10.1103/PhysRevB.103.214204},
  volume       = {103},
  year         = {2021},
}

@article{8248,
  abstract     = {We consider the following setting: suppose that we are given a manifold M in Rd with positive reach. Moreover assume that we have an embedded simplical complex A without boundary, whose vertex set lies on the manifold, is sufficiently dense and such that all simplices in A have sufficient quality. We prove that if, locally, interiors of the projection of the simplices onto the tangent space do not intersect, then A is a triangulation of the manifold, that is, they are homeomorphic.},
  author       = {Boissonnat, Jean-Daniel and Dyer, Ramsay and Ghosh, Arijit and Lieutier, Andre and Wintraecken, Mathijs},
  issn         = {1432-0444},
  journal      = {Discrete and Computational Geometry},
  pages        = {666--686},
  publisher    = {Springer Nature},
  title        = {{Local conditions for triangulating submanifolds of Euclidean space}},
  doi          = {10.1007/s00454-020-00233-9},
  volume       = {66},
  year         = {2021},
}

@article{8253,
  abstract     = {Brains process information in spiking neural networks. Their intricate connections shape the diverse functions these networks perform. In comparison, the functional capabilities of models of spiking networks are still rudimentary. This shortcoming is mainly due to the lack of insight and practical algorithms to construct the necessary connectivity. Any such algorithm typically attempts to build networks by iteratively reducing the error compared to a desired output. But assigning credit to hidden units in multi-layered spiking networks has remained challenging due to the non-differentiable nonlinearity of spikes. To avoid this issue, one can employ surrogate gradients to discover the required connectivity in spiking network models. However, the choice of a surrogate is not unique, raising the question of how its implementation influences the effectiveness of the method. Here, we use numerical simulations to systematically study how essential design parameters of surrogate gradients impact learning performance on a range of classification problems. We show that surrogate gradient learning is robust to different shapes of underlying surrogate derivatives, but the choice of the derivative’s scale can substantially affect learning performance. When we combine surrogate gradients with a suitable activity regularization technique, robust information processing can be achieved in spiking networks even at the sparse activity limit. Our study provides a systematic account of the remarkable robustness of surrogate gradient learning and serves as a practical guide to model functional spiking neural networks.},
  author       = {Zenke, Friedemann and Vogels, Tim P},
  issn         = {1530-888X},
  journal      = {Neural Computation},
  number       = {4},
  pages        = {899--925},
  publisher    = {MIT Press},
  title        = {{The remarkable robustness of surrogate gradient learning for instilling complex function in spiking neural networks}},
  doi          = {10.1162/neco_a_01367},
  volume       = {33},
  year         = {2021},
}

@article{8286,
  abstract     = {We consider the following dynamic load-balancing process: given an underlying graph G with n nodes, in each step t≥ 0, one unit of load is created, and placed at a randomly chosen graph node. In the same step, the chosen node picks a random neighbor, and the two nodes balance their loads by averaging them. We are interested in the expected gap between the minimum and maximum loads at nodes as the process progresses, and its dependence on n and on the graph structure. Variants of the above graphical balanced allocation process have been studied previously by Peres, Talwar, and Wieder [Peres et al., 2015], and by Sauerwald and Sun [Sauerwald and Sun, 2015]. These authors left as open the question of characterizing the gap in the case of cycle graphs in the dynamic case, where weights are created during the algorithm’s execution. For this case, the only known upper bound is of 𝒪(n log n), following from a majorization argument due to [Peres et al., 2015], which analyzes a related graphical allocation process. In this paper, we provide an upper bound of 𝒪 (√n log n) on the expected gap of the above process for cycles of length n. We introduce a new potential analysis technique, which enables us to bound the difference in load between k-hop neighbors on the cycle, for any k ≤ n/2. We complement this with a "gap covering" argument, which bounds the maximum value of the gap by bounding its value across all possible subsets of a certain structure, and recursively bounding the gaps within each subset. We provide analytical and experimental evidence that our upper bound on the gap is tight up to a logarithmic factor. },
  author       = {Alistarh, Dan-Adrian and Nadiradze, Giorgi and Sabour, Amirmojtaba},
  issn         = {1432-0541},
  journal      = {Algorithmica},
  location     = {Virtual, Online; Germany},
  publisher    = {Springer Nature},
  title        = {{Dynamic averaging load balancing on cycles}},
  doi          = {10.1007/s00453-021-00905-9},
  year         = {2021},
}

@article{8317,
  abstract     = {When can a polyomino piece of paper be folded into a unit cube? Prior work studied tree-like polyominoes, but polyominoes with holes remain an intriguing open problem. We present sufficient conditions for a polyomino with one or several holes to fold into a cube, and conditions under which cube folding is impossible. In particular, we show that all but five special “basic” holes guarantee foldability.},
  author       = {Aichholzer, Oswin and Akitaya, Hugo A. and Cheung, Kenneth C. and Demaine, Erik D. and Demaine, Martin L. and Fekete, Sándor P. and Kleist, Linda and Kostitsyna, Irina and Löffler, Maarten and Masárová, Zuzana and Mundilova, Klara and Schmidt, Christiane},
  issn         = {09257721},
  journal      = {Computational Geometry: Theory and Applications},
  publisher    = {Elsevier},
  title        = {{Folding polyominoes with holes into a cube}},
  doi          = {10.1016/j.comgeo.2020.101700},
  volume       = {93},
  year         = {2021},
}

@article{8338,
  abstract     = {Canonical parametrisations of classical confocal coordinate systems are introduced and exploited to construct non-planar analogues of incircular (IC) nets on individual quadrics and systems of confocal quadrics. Intimate connections with classical deformations of quadrics that are isometric along asymptotic lines and circular cross-sections of quadrics are revealed. The existence of octahedral webs of surfaces of Blaschke type generated by asymptotic and characteristic lines that are diagonally related to lines of curvature is proved theoretically and established constructively. Appropriate samplings (grids) of these webs lead to three-dimensional extensions of non-planar IC nets. Three-dimensional octahedral grids composed of planes and spatially extending (checkerboard) IC-nets are shown to arise in connection with systems of confocal quadrics in Minkowski space. In this context, the Laguerre geometric notion of conical octahedral grids of planes is introduced. The latter generalise the octahedral grids derived from systems of confocal quadrics in Minkowski space. An explicit construction of conical octahedral grids is presented. The results are accompanied by various illustrations which are based on the explicit formulae provided by the theory.},
  author       = {Akopyan, Arseniy and Bobenko, Alexander I. and Schief, Wolfgang K. and Techter, Jan},
  issn         = {1432-0444},
  journal      = {Discrete and Computational Geometry},
  pages        = {938--976},
  publisher    = {Springer Nature},
  title        = {{On mutually diagonal nets on (confocal) quadrics and 3-dimensional webs}},
  doi          = {10.1007/s00454-020-00240-w},
  volume       = {66},
  year         = {2021},
}

@article{8373,
  abstract     = {It is well known that special Kubo-Ando operator means admit divergence center interpretations, moreover, they are also mean squared error estimators for certain metrics on positive definite operators. In this paper we give a divergence center interpretation for every symmetric Kubo-Ando mean. This characterization of the symmetric means naturally leads to a definition of weighted and multivariate versions of a large class of symmetric Kubo-Ando means. We study elementary properties of these weighted multivariate means, and note in particular that in the special case of the geometric mean we recover the weighted A#H-mean introduced by Kim, Lawson, and Lim.},
  author       = {Pitrik, József and Virosztek, Daniel},
  issn         = {0024-3795},
  journal      = {Linear Algebra and its Applications},
  keywords     = {Kubo-Ando mean, weighted multivariate mean, barycenter},
  pages        = {203--217},
  publisher    = {Elsevier},
  title        = {{A divergence center interpretation of general symmetric Kubo-Ando means, and related weighted multivariate operator means}},
  doi          = {10.1016/j.laa.2020.09.007},
  volume       = {609},
  year         = {2021},
}

@article{8429,
  abstract     = {We develop a Bayesian model (BayesRR-RC) that provides robust SNP-heritability estimation, an alternative to marker discovery, and accurate genomic prediction, taking 22 seconds per iteration to estimate 8.4 million SNP-effects and 78 SNP-heritability parameters in the UK Biobank. We find that only ≤10% of the genetic variation captured for height, body mass index, cardiovascular disease, and type 2 diabetes is attributable to proximal regulatory regions within 10kb upstream of genes, while 12-25% is attributed to coding regions, 32–44% to introns, and 22-28% to distal 10-500kb upstream regions. Up to 24% of all cis and coding regions of each chromosome are associated with each trait, with over 3,100 independent exonic and intronic regions and over 5,400 independent regulatory regions having ≥95% probability of contributing ≥0.001% to the genetic variance of these four traits. Our open-source software (GMRM) provides a scalable alternative to current approaches for biobank data.},
  author       = {Patxot, Marion and Trejo Banos, Daniel and Kousathanas, Athanasios and Orliac, Etienne J and Ojavee, Sven E and Moser, Gerhard and Sidorenko, Julia and Kutalik, Zoltan and Magi, Reedik and Visscher, Peter M and Ronnegard, Lars and Robinson, Matthew Richard},
  issn         = {2041-1723},
  journal      = {Nature Communications},
  number       = {1},
  publisher    = {Springer Nature},
  title        = {{Probabilistic inference of the genetic architecture underlying functional enrichment of complex traits}},
  doi          = {10.1038/s41467-021-27258-9},
  volume       = {12},
  year         = {2021},
}

@article{8430,
  abstract     = {While recent advancements in computation and modelling have improved the analysis of complex traits, our understanding of the genetic basis of the time at symptom onset remains limited. Here, we develop a Bayesian approach (BayesW) that provides probabilistic inference of the genetic architecture of age-at-onset phenotypes in a sampling scheme that facilitates biobank-scale time-to-event analyses. We show in extensive simulation work the benefits BayesW provides in terms of number of discoveries, model performance and genomic prediction. In the UK Biobank, we find many thousands of common genomic regions underlying the age-at-onset of high blood pressure (HBP), cardiac disease (CAD), and type-2 diabetes (T2D), and for the genetic basis of onset reflecting the underlying genetic liability to disease. Age-at-menopause and age-at-menarche are also highly polygenic, but with higher variance contributed by low frequency variants. Genomic prediction into the Estonian Biobank data shows that BayesW gives higher prediction accuracy than other approaches.},
  author       = {Ojavee, Sven E and Kousathanas, Athanasios and Trejo Banos, Daniel and Orliac, Etienne J and Patxot, Marion and Lall, Kristi and Magi, Reedik and Fischer, Krista and Kutalik, Zoltan and Robinson, Matthew Richard},
  issn         = {20411723},
  journal      = {Nature Communications},
  number       = {1},
  publisher    = {Nature Research},
  title        = {{Genomic architecture and prediction of censored time-to-event phenotypes with a Bayesian genome-wide analysis}},
  doi          = {10.1038/s41467-021-22538-w},
  volume       = {12},
  year         = {2021},
}

@article{8544,
  abstract     = {The synaptotrophic hypothesis posits that synapse formation stabilizes dendritic branches, yet this hypothesis has not been causally tested in vivo in the mammalian brain. Presynaptic ligand cerebellin-1 (Cbln1) and postsynaptic receptor GluD2 mediate synaptogenesis between granule cells and Purkinje cells in the molecular layer of the cerebellar cortex. Here we show that sparse but not global knockout of GluD2 causes under-elaboration of Purkinje cell dendrites in the deep molecular layer and overelaboration in the superficial molecular layer. Developmental, overexpression, structure-function, and genetic epistasis analyses indicate that dendrite morphogenesis defects result from competitive synaptogenesis in a Cbln1/GluD2-dependent manner. A generative model of dendritic growth based on competitive synaptogenesis largely recapitulates GluD2 sparse and global knockout phenotypes. Our results support the synaptotrophic hypothesis at initial stages of dendrite development, suggest a second mode in which cumulative synapse formation inhibits further dendrite growth, and highlight the importance of competition in dendrite morphogenesis.},
  author       = {Takeo, Yukari H. and Shuster, S. Andrew and Jiang, Linnie and Hu, Miley and Luginbuhl, David J. and Rülicke, Thomas and Contreras, Ximena and Hippenmeyer, Simon and Wagner, Mark J. and Ganguli, Surya and Luo, Liqun},
  issn         = {1097-4199},
  journal      = {Neuron},
  number       = {4},
  pages        = {P629--644.E8},
  publisher    = {Elsevier},
  title        = {{GluD2- and Cbln1-mediated competitive synaptogenesis shapes the dendritic arbors of cerebellar Purkinje cells}},
  doi          = {10.1016/j.neuron.2020.11.028},
  volume       = {109},
  year         = {2021},
}

@article{8546,
  abstract     = {Brain neurons arise from relatively few progenitors generating an enormous diversity of neuronal types. Nonetheless, a cardinal feature of mammalian brain neurogenesis is thought to be that excitatory and inhibitory neurons derive from separate, spatially segregated progenitors. Whether bi-potential progenitors with an intrinsic capacity to generate both lineages exist and how such a fate decision may be regulated are unknown. Using cerebellar development as a model, we discover that individual progenitors can give rise to both inhibitory and excitatory lineages. Gradations of Notch activity determine the fates of the progenitors and their daughters. Daughters with the highest levels of Notch activity retain the progenitor fate, while intermediate levels of Notch activity generate inhibitory neurons, and daughters with very low levels of Notch signaling adopt the excitatory fate. Therefore, Notch-mediated binary cell fate choice is a mechanism for regulating the ratio of excitatory to inhibitory neurons from common progenitors.},
  author       = {Zhang, Tingting and Liu, Tengyuan and Mora, Natalia and Guegan, Justine and Bertrand, Mathilde and Contreras, Ximena and Hansen, Andi H and Streicher, Carmen and Anderle, Marica and Danda, Natasha and Tiberi, Luca and Hippenmeyer, Simon and Hassan, Bassem A.},
  issn         = { 22111247},
  journal      = {Cell Reports},
  number       = {10},
  publisher    = {Elsevier},
  title        = {{Generation of excitatory and inhibitory neurons from common progenitors via Notch signaling in the cerebellum}},
  doi          = {10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109208},
  volume       = {35},
  year         = {2021},
}

