[{"acknowledgement":"We thank Gregory Copenhaver (University of North Carolina), Avraham Levy (The Weizmann Institute), and Scott Poethig (University of Pennsylvania) for FTLs; Piotr Ziolkowski for Col-420/Bur seed; Sureshkumar Balasubramanian\r\n(Monash University) for providing British and Irish Arabidopsis accessions; Mathilde Grelon (INRA, Versailles) for providing the MLH1 antibody; and the Gurdon Institute for access to microscopes. This work was supported by a BBSRC DTP studentship (E.J.L.), European Research Area Network for Coordinating Action in Plant Sciences/BBSRC ‘‘DeCOP’’ (BB/M004937/1; C.L.), a BBSRC David Phillips Fellowship (BB/L025043/1; H.G. and X.F.), the European Research Council (CoG ‘‘SynthHotspot,’’ A.J.T., C.L., and I.R.H.; StG ‘‘SexMeth,’’ X.F.), and a Sainsbury Charitable Foundation Studentship (A.R.B.).","year":"2019","citation":{"short":"E.J. Lawrence, H. Gao, A.J. Tock, C. Lambing, A.R. Blackwell, X. Feng, I.R. Henderson, Current Biology 29 (2019) 2676–2686.e3.","ieee":"E. J. Lawrence et al., “Natural variation in TBP-ASSOCIATED FACTOR 4b controls meiotic crossover and germline transcription in Arabidopsis,” Current Biology, vol. 29, no. 16. Elsevier BV, p. 2676–2686.e3, 2019.","ama":"Lawrence EJ, Gao H, Tock AJ, et al. Natural variation in TBP-ASSOCIATED FACTOR 4b controls meiotic crossover and germline transcription in Arabidopsis. Current Biology. 2019;29(16):2676-2686.e3. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2019.06.084","ista":"Lawrence EJ, Gao H, Tock AJ, Lambing C, Blackwell AR, Feng X, Henderson IR. 2019. Natural variation in TBP-ASSOCIATED FACTOR 4b controls meiotic crossover and germline transcription in Arabidopsis. Current Biology. 29(16), 2676–2686.e3.","mla":"Lawrence, Emma J., et al. “Natural Variation in TBP-ASSOCIATED FACTOR 4b Controls Meiotic Crossover and Germline Transcription in Arabidopsis.” Current Biology, vol. 29, no. 16, Elsevier BV, 2019, p. 2676–2686.e3, doi:10.1016/j.cub.2019.06.084.","chicago":"Lawrence, Emma J., Hongbo Gao, Andrew J. Tock, Christophe Lambing, Alexander R. Blackwell, Xiaoqi Feng, and Ian R. Henderson. “Natural Variation in TBP-ASSOCIATED FACTOR 4b Controls Meiotic Crossover and Germline Transcription in Arabidopsis.” Current Biology. Elsevier BV, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2019.06.084.","apa":"Lawrence, E. J., Gao, H., Tock, A. J., Lambing, C., Blackwell, A. R., Feng, X., & Henderson, I. R. (2019). Natural variation in TBP-ASSOCIATED FACTOR 4b controls meiotic crossover and germline transcription in Arabidopsis. Current Biology. Elsevier BV. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2019.06.084"},"date_created":"2023-01-16T09:16:33Z","keyword":["General Agricultural and Biological Sciences","General Biochemistry","Genetics and Molecular Biology"],"doi":"10.1016/j.cub.2019.06.084","_id":"12190","article_type":"original","external_id":{"pmid":["31378616"]},"abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"Meiotic crossover frequency varies within genomes, which influences genetic diversity and adaptation. In turn, genetic variation within populations can act to modify crossover frequency in cis and trans. To identify genetic variation that controls meiotic crossover frequency, we screened Arabidopsis accessions using fluorescent recombination reporters. We mapped a genetic modifier of crossover frequency in Col × Bur populations of Arabidopsis to a premature stop codon within TBP-ASSOCIATED FACTOR 4b (TAF4b), which encodes a subunit of the RNA polymerase II general transcription factor TFIID. The Arabidopsis taf4b mutation is a rare variant found in the British Isles, originating in South-West Ireland. Using genetics, genomics, and immunocytology, we demonstrate a genome-wide decrease in taf4b crossovers, with strongest reduction in the sub-telomeric regions. Using RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) from purified meiocytes, we show that TAF4b expression is meiocyte enriched, whereas its paralog TAF4 is broadly expressed. Consistent with the role of TFIID in promoting gene expression, RNA-seq of wild-type and taf4b meiocytes identified widespread transcriptional changes, including in genes that regulate the meiotic cell cycle and recombination. Therefore, TAF4b duplication is associated with acquisition of meiocyte-specific expression and promotion of germline transcription, which act directly or indirectly to elevate crossovers. This identifies a novel mode of meiotic recombination control via a general transcription factor."}],"publication_status":"published","publisher":"Elsevier BV","date_published":"2019-08-19T00:00:00Z","page":"2676-2686.e3","extern":"1","department":[{"_id":"XiFe"}],"quality_controlled":"1","volume":29,"intvolume":" 29","scopus_import":"1","date_updated":"2023-05-08T10:54:54Z","issue":"16","article_processing_charge":"No","title":"Natural variation in TBP-ASSOCIATED FACTOR 4b controls meiotic crossover and germline transcription in Arabidopsis","publication":"Current Biology","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"publication_identifier":{"issn":["0960-9822"]},"month":"08","day":"19","oa_version":"None","user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","author":[{"first_name":"Emma J.","full_name":"Lawrence, Emma J.","last_name":"Lawrence"},{"full_name":"Gao, Hongbo","first_name":"Hongbo","last_name":"Gao"},{"first_name":"Andrew J.","full_name":"Tock, Andrew J.","last_name":"Tock"},{"last_name":"Lambing","first_name":"Christophe","full_name":"Lambing, Christophe"},{"last_name":"Blackwell","first_name":"Alexander R.","full_name":"Blackwell, Alexander R."},{"last_name":"Feng","id":"e0164712-22ee-11ed-b12a-d80fcdf35958","orcid":"0000-0002-4008-1234","full_name":"Feng, Xiaoqi","first_name":"Xiaoqi"},{"last_name":"Henderson","first_name":"Ian R.","full_name":"Henderson, Ian R."}],"pmid":1,"type":"journal_article","status":"public"},{"month":"05","publication_identifier":{"issn":["2050-084X"]},"main_file_link":[{"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6594752/","open_access":"1"}],"oa_version":"Published Version","day":"28","user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","file":[{"creator":"alisjak","relation":"main_file","content_type":"application/pdf","access_level":"open_access","file_size":2493837,"checksum":"ea6b89c20d59e5eb3646916fe5d568ad","file_name":"2019_elife_He.pdf","file_id":"12525","success":1,"date_updated":"2023-02-07T09:42:46Z","date_created":"2023-02-07T09:42:46Z"}],"author":[{"last_name":"He","first_name":"Shengbo","full_name":"He, Shengbo"},{"last_name":"Vickers","first_name":"Martin","full_name":"Vickers, Martin"},{"full_name":"Zhang, Jingyi","first_name":"Jingyi","last_name":"Zhang"},{"first_name":"Xiaoqi","full_name":"Feng, Xiaoqi","last_name":"Feng","id":"e0164712-22ee-11ed-b12a-d80fcdf35958","orcid":"0000-0002-4008-1234"}],"type":"journal_article","status":"public","intvolume":" 8","has_accepted_license":"1","scopus_import":"1","date_updated":"2023-05-08T10:54:12Z","oa":1,"article_processing_charge":"No","title":"Natural depletion of histone H1 in sex cells causes DNA demethylation, heterochromatin decondensation and transposon activation","publication":"eLife","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"ddc":["580"],"tmp":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)","short":"CC BY (4.0)","image":"/images/cc_by.png","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode"},"external_id":{"unknown":["31135340"]},"abstract":[{"text":"Transposable elements (TEs), the movement of which can damage the genome, are epigenetically silenced in eukaryotes. Intriguingly, TEs are activated in the sperm companion cell – vegetative cell (VC) – of the flowering plant Arabidopsis thaliana. However, the extent and mechanism of this activation are unknown. Here we show that about 100 heterochromatic TEs are activated in VCs, mostly by DEMETER-catalyzed DNA demethylation. We further demonstrate that DEMETER access to some of these TEs is permitted by the natural depletion of linker histone H1 in VCs. Ectopically expressed H1 suppresses TEs in VCs by reducing DNA demethylation and via a methylation-independent mechanism. We demonstrate that H1 is required for heterochromatin condensation in plant cells and show that H1 overexpression creates heterochromatic foci in the VC progenitor cell. Taken together, our results demonstrate that the natural depletion of H1 during male gametogenesis facilitates DEMETER-directed DNA demethylation, heterochromatin relaxation, and TE activation.","lang":"eng"}],"publication_status":"published","publisher":"eLife Sciences Publications, Ltd","date_published":"2019-05-28T00:00:00Z","extern":"1","department":[{"_id":"XiFe"}],"volume":8,"quality_controlled":"1","article_number":"42530","acknowledgement":"We thank David Twell for the pDONR-P4-P1R-pLAT52 and pDONR-P2R-P3-mRFP vectors, the John Innes Centre Bioimaging Facility (Elaine Barclay and Grant Calder) for their assistance with microscopy, and the Norwich BioScience Institute Partnership Computing infrastructure for Science Group for High Performance Computing resources. This work was funded by a Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC) David Phillips Fellowship (BB/L025043/1; SH, JZ and XF), a European Research Council Starting Grant ('SexMeth' 804981; XF) and a Grant to Exceptional Researchers by the Gatsby Charitable Foundation (SH and XF).","year":"2019","date_created":"2023-01-16T09:17:21Z","citation":{"apa":"He, S., Vickers, M., Zhang, J., & Feng, X. (2019). Natural depletion of histone H1 in sex cells causes DNA demethylation, heterochromatin decondensation and transposon activation. ELife. eLife Sciences Publications, Ltd. https://doi.org/10.7554/elife.42530","mla":"He, Shengbo, et al. “Natural Depletion of Histone H1 in Sex Cells Causes DNA Demethylation, Heterochromatin Decondensation and Transposon Activation.” ELife, vol. 8, 42530, eLife Sciences Publications, Ltd, 2019, doi:10.7554/elife.42530.","ista":"He S, Vickers M, Zhang J, Feng X. 2019. Natural depletion of histone H1 in sex cells causes DNA demethylation, heterochromatin decondensation and transposon activation. eLife. 8, 42530.","chicago":"He, Shengbo, Martin Vickers, Jingyi Zhang, and Xiaoqi Feng. “Natural Depletion of Histone H1 in Sex Cells Causes DNA Demethylation, Heterochromatin Decondensation and Transposon Activation.” ELife. eLife Sciences Publications, Ltd, 2019. https://doi.org/10.7554/elife.42530.","short":"S. He, M. Vickers, J. Zhang, X. Feng, ELife 8 (2019).","ama":"He S, Vickers M, Zhang J, Feng X. Natural depletion of histone H1 in sex cells causes DNA demethylation, heterochromatin decondensation and transposon activation. eLife. 2019;8. doi:10.7554/elife.42530","ieee":"S. He, M. Vickers, J. Zhang, and X. Feng, “Natural depletion of histone H1 in sex cells causes DNA demethylation, heterochromatin decondensation and transposon activation,” eLife, vol. 8. eLife Sciences Publications, Ltd, 2019."},"keyword":["General Immunology and Microbiology","General Biochemistry","Genetics and Molecular Biology","General Medicine","General Neuroscience"],"doi":"10.7554/elife.42530","file_date_updated":"2023-02-07T09:42:46Z","article_type":"original","_id":"12192"},{"status":"public","type":"journal_article","author":[{"first_name":"Marc","full_name":"Girona‐Mata, Marc","last_name":"Girona‐Mata"},{"last_name":"Miles","full_name":"Miles, Evan S.","first_name":"Evan S."},{"full_name":"Ragettli, Silvan","first_name":"Silvan","last_name":"Ragettli"},{"first_name":"Francesca","full_name":"Pellicciotti, Francesca","id":"b28f055a-81ea-11ed-b70c-a9fe7f7b0e70","last_name":"Pellicciotti"}],"user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","oa_version":"Published Version","main_file_link":[{"open_access":"1","url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2019WR024935"}],"day":"01","month":"08","publication_identifier":{"eissn":["1944-7973"],"issn":["0043-1397"]},"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"publication":"Water Resources Research","title":"High‐resolution snowline delineation from Landsat imagery to infer snow cover controls in a Himalayan catchment","issue":"8","article_processing_charge":"No","date_updated":"2023-02-28T12:14:18Z","oa":1,"intvolume":" 55","scopus_import":"1","quality_controlled":"1","volume":55,"page":"6754-6772","extern":"1","date_published":"2019-08-01T00:00:00Z","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","publication_status":"published","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"The snow cover dynamics of High Mountain Asia are usually assessed at spatial resolutions of 250 m or greater, but this scale is too coarse to clearly represent the rugged topography common to the region. Higher-resolution measurement of snow-covered area often results in biased sampling due to cloud cover and deep shadows. We therefore develop a Normalized Difference Snow Index-based workflow to delineate snow lines from Landsat Thematic Mapper/Enhanced Thematic Mapper+ imagery and apply it to the upper Langtang Valley in Nepal, processing 194 scenes spanning 1999 to 2013. For each scene, we determine the spatial distribution of snow line altitudes (SLAs) with respect to aspect and across six subcatchments. Our results show that the mean SLA exhibits distinct seasonal behavior based on aspect and subcatchment position. We find that SLA dynamics respond to spatial and seasonal trade-offs in precipitation, temperature, and solar radiation, which act as primary controls. We identify two SLA spatial gradients, which we attribute to the effect of spatially variable precipitation. Our results also reveal that aspect-related SLA differences vary seasonally and are influenced by solar radiation. In terms of seasonal dominant controls, we demonstrate that the snow line is controlled by snow precipitation in winter, melt in premonsoon, a combination of both in postmonsoon, and temperature in monsoon, explaining to a large extent the spatial and seasonal variability of the SLA in the upper Langtang Valley. We conclude that while SLA and snow-covered area are complementary metrics, the SLA has a strong potential for understanding local-scale snow cover dynamics and their controlling mechanisms."}],"_id":"12600","article_type":"original","doi":"10.1029/2019wr024935","keyword":["Water Science and Technology"],"date_created":"2023-02-20T08:12:59Z","citation":{"ieee":"M. Girona‐Mata, E. S. Miles, S. Ragettli, and F. Pellicciotti, “High‐resolution snowline delineation from Landsat imagery to infer snow cover controls in a Himalayan catchment,” Water Resources Research, vol. 55, no. 8. American Geophysical Union, pp. 6754–6772, 2019.","ama":"Girona‐Mata M, Miles ES, Ragettli S, Pellicciotti F. High‐resolution snowline delineation from Landsat imagery to infer snow cover controls in a Himalayan catchment. Water Resources Research. 2019;55(8):6754-6772. doi:10.1029/2019wr024935","short":"M. Girona‐Mata, E.S. Miles, S. Ragettli, F. Pellicciotti, Water Resources Research 55 (2019) 6754–6772.","chicago":"Girona‐Mata, Marc, Evan S. Miles, Silvan Ragettli, and Francesca Pellicciotti. “High‐resolution Snowline Delineation from Landsat Imagery to Infer Snow Cover Controls in a Himalayan Catchment.” Water Resources Research. American Geophysical Union, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1029/2019wr024935.","ista":"Girona‐Mata M, Miles ES, Ragettli S, Pellicciotti F. 2019. High‐resolution snowline delineation from Landsat imagery to infer snow cover controls in a Himalayan catchment. Water Resources Research. 55(8), 6754–6772.","mla":"Girona‐Mata, Marc, et al. “High‐resolution Snowline Delineation from Landsat Imagery to Infer Snow Cover Controls in a Himalayan Catchment.” Water Resources Research, vol. 55, no. 8, American Geophysical Union, 2019, pp. 6754–72, doi:10.1029/2019wr024935.","apa":"Girona‐Mata, M., Miles, E. S., Ragettli, S., & Pellicciotti, F. (2019). High‐resolution snowline delineation from Landsat imagery to infer snow cover controls in a Himalayan catchment. Water Resources Research. American Geophysical Union. https://doi.org/10.1029/2019wr024935"},"year":"2019"},{"article_type":"original","_id":"12601","doi":"10.1017/jog.2019.40","date_created":"2023-02-20T08:13:03Z","citation":{"ista":"STEINER JF, BURI P, MILES ES, RAGETTLI S, Pellicciotti F. 2019. Supraglacial ice cliffs and ponds on debris-covered glaciers: Spatio-temporal distribution and characteristics. Journal of Glaciology. 65(252), 617–632.","mla":"STEINER, JAKOB F., et al. “Supraglacial Ice Cliffs and Ponds on Debris-Covered Glaciers: Spatio-Temporal Distribution and Characteristics.” Journal of Glaciology, vol. 65, no. 252, Cambridge University Press, 2019, pp. 617–32, doi:10.1017/jog.2019.40.","chicago":"STEINER, JAKOB F., PASCAL BURI, EVAN S. MILES, SILVAN RAGETTLI, and Francesca Pellicciotti. “Supraglacial Ice Cliffs and Ponds on Debris-Covered Glaciers: Spatio-Temporal Distribution and Characteristics.” Journal of Glaciology. Cambridge University Press, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1017/jog.2019.40.","ama":"STEINER JF, BURI P, MILES ES, RAGETTLI S, Pellicciotti F. Supraglacial ice cliffs and ponds on debris-covered glaciers: Spatio-temporal distribution and characteristics. Journal of Glaciology. 2019;65(252):617-632. doi:10.1017/jog.2019.40","ieee":"J. F. STEINER, P. BURI, E. S. MILES, S. RAGETTLI, and F. Pellicciotti, “Supraglacial ice cliffs and ponds on debris-covered glaciers: Spatio-temporal distribution and characteristics,” Journal of Glaciology, vol. 65, no. 252. Cambridge University Press, pp. 617–632, 2019.","short":"J.F. STEINER, P. BURI, E.S. MILES, S. RAGETTLI, F. Pellicciotti, Journal of Glaciology 65 (2019) 617–632.","apa":"STEINER, J. F., BURI, P., MILES, E. S., RAGETTLI, S., & Pellicciotti, F. (2019). Supraglacial ice cliffs and ponds on debris-covered glaciers: Spatio-temporal distribution and characteristics. Journal of Glaciology. Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/jog.2019.40"},"year":"2019","extern":"1","page":"617-632","volume":65,"quality_controlled":"1","publisher":"Cambridge University Press","date_published":"2019-08-01T00:00:00Z","publication_status":"published","abstract":[{"text":"Ice cliffs and ponds on debris-covered glaciers have received increased attention due to their role in amplifying local melt. However, very few studies have looked at these features on the catchment scale to determine their patterns and changes in space and time. We have compiled a detailed inventory of cliffs and ponds in the Langtang catchment, central Himalaya, from six high-resolution satellite orthoimages and DEMs between 2006 and 2015, and a historic orthophoto from 1974. Cliffs cover between 1.4% (± 0.4%) in the dry and 3.4% (± 0.9%) in the wet seasons and ponds between 0.6% (± 0.1%) and 1.6% (± 0.3%) of the total debris-covered tongues. We find large variations between seasons, as cliffs and ponds tend to grow in the wetter monsoon period, but there is no obvious trend in total area over the study period. The inventory further shows that cliffs are predominately north-facing irrespective of the glacier flow direction. Both cliffs and ponds appear in higher densities several hundred metres from the terminus in areas where tributaries reach the main glacier tongue. On the largest glacier in the catchment ~10% of all cliffs and ponds persisted over nearly a decade.","lang":"eng"}],"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"publication":"Journal of Glaciology","title":"Supraglacial ice cliffs and ponds on debris-covered glaciers: Spatio-temporal distribution and characteristics","date_updated":"2023-02-28T12:11:07Z","oa":1,"article_processing_charge":"No","issue":"252","intvolume":" 65","scopus_import":"1","status":"public","type":"journal_article","author":[{"last_name":"STEINER","full_name":"STEINER, JAKOB F.","first_name":"JAKOB F."},{"last_name":"BURI","full_name":"BURI, PASCAL","first_name":"PASCAL"},{"last_name":"MILES","first_name":"EVAN S.","full_name":"MILES, EVAN S."},{"full_name":"RAGETTLI, SILVAN","first_name":"SILVAN","last_name":"RAGETTLI"},{"full_name":"Pellicciotti, Francesca","first_name":"Francesca","last_name":"Pellicciotti","id":"b28f055a-81ea-11ed-b70c-a9fe7f7b0e70"}],"day":"01","main_file_link":[{"open_access":"1","url":"https://doi.org/10.1017/jog.2019.40"}],"oa_version":"Published Version","user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","month":"08","publication_identifier":{"eissn":["1727-5652"],"issn":["0022-1430"]}},{"author":[{"last_name":"Wijngaard","full_name":"Wijngaard, René R.","first_name":"René R."},{"last_name":"Steiner","first_name":"Jakob F.","full_name":"Steiner, Jakob F."},{"last_name":"Kraaijenbrink","full_name":"Kraaijenbrink, Philip D. A.","first_name":"Philip D. A."},{"full_name":"Klug, Christoph","first_name":"Christoph","last_name":"Klug"},{"first_name":"Surendra","full_name":"Adhikari, Surendra","last_name":"Adhikari"},{"last_name":"Banerjee","first_name":"Argha","full_name":"Banerjee, Argha"},{"id":"b28f055a-81ea-11ed-b70c-a9fe7f7b0e70","last_name":"Pellicciotti","first_name":"Francesca","full_name":"Pellicciotti, Francesca"},{"last_name":"van Beek","full_name":"van Beek, Ludovicus P. H.","first_name":"Ludovicus P. H."},{"last_name":"Bierkens","full_name":"Bierkens, Marc F. P.","first_name":"Marc F. P."},{"last_name":"Lutz","full_name":"Lutz, Arthur F.","first_name":"Arthur F."},{"full_name":"Immerzeel, Walter W.","first_name":"Walter W.","last_name":"Immerzeel"}],"month":"06","publication_identifier":{"issn":["2296-6463"]},"user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","main_file_link":[{"open_access":"1","url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2019.00143"}],"day":"04","oa_version":"Published Version","status":"public","type":"journal_article","article_processing_charge":"No","date_updated":"2023-02-28T12:04:48Z","oa":1,"title":"Modeling the response of the Langtang Glacier and the Hintereisferner to a changing climate since the Little Ice Age","intvolume":" 7","scopus_import":"1","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"publication":"Frontiers in Earth Science","publication_status":"published","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"This study aims at developing and applying a spatially-distributed coupled glacier mass balance and ice-flow model to attribute the response of glaciers to natural and anthropogenic climate change. We focus on two glaciers with contrasting surface characteristics: a debris-covered glacier (Langtang Glacier in Nepal) and a clean-ice glacier (Hintereisferner in Austria). The model is applied from the end of the Little Ice Age (1850) to the present-day (2016) and is forced with four bias-corrected General Circulation Models (GCMs) from the historical experiment of the CMIP5 archive. The selected GCMs represent region-specific warm-dry, warm-wet, cold-dry, and cold-wet climate conditions. To isolate the effects of anthropogenic climate change on glacier mass balance and flow runs from these GCMs with and without further anthropogenic forcing after 1970 until 2016 are selected. The outcomes indicate that both glaciers experience the largest reduction in area and volume under warm climate conditions, whereas area and volume reductions are smaller under cold climate conditions. Simultaneously with changes in glacier area and volume, surface velocities generally decrease over time. Without further anthropogenic forcing the results reveal a 3% (9%) smaller decline in glacier area (volume) for the debris-covered glacier and a 18% (39%) smaller decline in glacier area (volume) for the clean-ice glacier. The difference in the magnitude between the two glaciers can mainly be attributed to differences in the response time of the glaciers, where the clean-ice glacier shows a much faster response to climate change. We conclude that the response of the two glaciers can mainly be attributed to anthropogenic climate change and that the impact is larger on the clean-ice glacier. The outcomes show that the model performs well under different climate conditions and that the developed approach can be used for regional-scale glacio-hydrological modeling."}],"date_published":"2019-06-04T00:00:00Z","publisher":"Frontiers Media","quality_controlled":"1","volume":7,"extern":"1","year":"2019","citation":{"apa":"Wijngaard, R. R., Steiner, J. F., Kraaijenbrink, P. D. A., Klug, C., Adhikari, S., Banerjee, A., … Immerzeel, W. W. (2019). Modeling the response of the Langtang Glacier and the Hintereisferner to a changing climate since the Little Ice Age. Frontiers in Earth Science. Frontiers Media. https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2019.00143","short":"R.R. Wijngaard, J.F. Steiner, P.D.A. Kraaijenbrink, C. Klug, S. Adhikari, A. Banerjee, F. Pellicciotti, L.P.H. van Beek, M.F.P. Bierkens, A.F. Lutz, W.W. Immerzeel, Frontiers in Earth Science 7 (2019).","ama":"Wijngaard RR, Steiner JF, Kraaijenbrink PDA, et al. Modeling the response of the Langtang Glacier and the Hintereisferner to a changing climate since the Little Ice Age. Frontiers in Earth Science. 2019;7. doi:10.3389/feart.2019.00143","ieee":"R. R. Wijngaard et al., “Modeling the response of the Langtang Glacier and the Hintereisferner to a changing climate since the Little Ice Age,” Frontiers in Earth Science, vol. 7. Frontiers Media, 2019.","ista":"Wijngaard RR, Steiner JF, Kraaijenbrink PDA, Klug C, Adhikari S, Banerjee A, Pellicciotti F, van Beek LPH, Bierkens MFP, Lutz AF, Immerzeel WW. 2019. Modeling the response of the Langtang Glacier and the Hintereisferner to a changing climate since the Little Ice Age. Frontiers in Earth Science. 7, 143.","mla":"Wijngaard, René R., et al. “Modeling the Response of the Langtang Glacier and the Hintereisferner to a Changing Climate since the Little Ice Age.” Frontiers in Earth Science, vol. 7, 143, Frontiers Media, 2019, doi:10.3389/feart.2019.00143.","chicago":"Wijngaard, René R., Jakob F. Steiner, Philip D. A. Kraaijenbrink, Christoph Klug, Surendra Adhikari, Argha Banerjee, Francesca Pellicciotti, et al. “Modeling the Response of the Langtang Glacier and the Hintereisferner to a Changing Climate since the Little Ice Age.” Frontiers in Earth Science. Frontiers Media, 2019. https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2019.00143."},"date_created":"2023-02-20T08:13:08Z","article_number":"143","article_type":"original","_id":"12602","doi":"10.3389/feart.2019.00143"},{"publication_status":"published","author":[{"last_name":"Schlögl","id":"45BF87EE-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","orcid":"0000-0002-5621-8100","first_name":"Alois","full_name":"Schlögl, Alois"},{"first_name":"Janos","full_name":"Kiss, Janos","id":"3D3A06F8-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","last_name":"Kiss"},{"last_name":"Elefante","id":"490F40CE-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","first_name":"Stefano","full_name":"Elefante, Stefano"}],"day":"27","main_file_link":[{"open_access":"1","url":"https://vsc.ac.at/fileadmin/user_upload/vsc/conferences/ahpc19/BOOKLET_AHPC19.pdf"}],"oa_version":"Published Version","file":[{"creator":"dernst","relation":"main_file","access_level":"open_access","content_type":"application/pdf","file_size":1097603,"success":1,"file_id":"12970","checksum":"acc8272027faaf30709c51ac5c58ffa4","file_name":"2019_AHPC_Schloegl.pdf","date_created":"2023-05-16T07:27:09Z","date_updated":"2023-05-16T07:27:09Z"}],"user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","ddc":["000"],"conference":{"name":"AHPC: Austrian HPC Meeting","start_date":"2019-02-25","location":"Grundlsee, Austria","end_date":"2019-02-27"},"month":"02","department":[{"_id":"ScienComp"}],"page":"25","publisher":"Institut für Mathematik und wissenschaftliches Rechnen der Universität Graz","type":"conference_abstract","status":"public","date_published":"2019-02-27T00:00:00Z","date_created":"2023-05-05T12:48:48Z","title":"Is Debian suitable for running an HPC Cluster?","citation":{"apa":"Schlögl, A., Kiss, J., & Elefante, S. (2019). Is Debian suitable for running an HPC Cluster? In AHPC19 - Austrian HPC Meeting 2019 (p. 25). Grundlsee, Austria: Institut für Mathematik und wissenschaftliches Rechnen der Universität Graz.","ama":"Schlögl A, Kiss J, Elefante S. Is Debian suitable for running an HPC Cluster? In: AHPC19 - Austrian HPC Meeting 2019 . Institut für Mathematik und wissenschaftliches Rechnen der Universität Graz; 2019:25.","ieee":"A. Schlögl, J. Kiss, and S. Elefante, “Is Debian suitable for running an HPC Cluster?,” in AHPC19 - Austrian HPC Meeting 2019 , Grundlsee, Austria, 2019, p. 25.","short":"A. Schlögl, J. Kiss, S. Elefante, in:, AHPC19 - Austrian HPC Meeting 2019 , Institut für Mathematik und wissenschaftliches Rechnen der Universität Graz, 2019, p. 25.","chicago":"Schlögl, Alois, Janos Kiss, and Stefano Elefante. “Is Debian Suitable for Running an HPC Cluster?” In AHPC19 - Austrian HPC Meeting 2019 , 25. Institut für Mathematik und wissenschaftliches Rechnen der Universität Graz, 2019.","ista":"Schlögl A, Kiss J, Elefante S. 2019. Is Debian suitable for running an HPC Cluster? AHPC19 - Austrian HPC Meeting 2019 . AHPC: Austrian HPC Meeting, 25.","mla":"Schlögl, Alois, et al. “Is Debian Suitable for Running an HPC Cluster?” AHPC19 - Austrian HPC Meeting 2019 , Institut für Mathematik und wissenschaftliches Rechnen der Universität Graz, 2019, p. 25."},"oa":1,"date_updated":"2023-05-16T07:29:32Z","year":"2019","article_processing_charge":"No","has_accepted_license":"1","file_date_updated":"2023-05-16T07:27:09Z","_id":"12901","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"publication":"AHPC19 - Austrian HPC Meeting 2019 "},{"author":[{"first_name":"Kerstin","full_name":"Johannesson, Kerstin","last_name":"Johannesson"},{"last_name":"Zagrodzka","first_name":"Zuzanna","full_name":"Zagrodzka, Zuzanna"},{"last_name":"Faria","first_name":"Rui","full_name":"Faria, Rui"},{"first_name":"Anja M","full_name":"Westram, Anja M","id":"3C147470-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","last_name":"Westram","orcid":"0000-0003-1050-4969"},{"last_name":"Butlin","full_name":"Butlin, Roger","first_name":"Roger"}],"month":"12","tmp":{"image":"/images/cc_0.png","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/legalcode","name":"Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication (CC0 1.0)","short":"CC0 (1.0)"},"ddc":["570"],"user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","abstract":[{"text":"Genetic incompatibilities contribute to reproductive isolation between many diverging populations, but it is still unclear to what extent they play a role if divergence happens with gene flow. In contact zones between the \"Crab\" and \"Wave\" ecotypes of the snail Littorina saxatilis divergent selection forms strong barriers to gene flow, while the role of postzygotic barriers due to selection against hybrids remains unclear. High embryo abortion rates in this species could indicate the presence of such barriers. Postzygotic barriers might include genetic incompatibilities (e.g. Dobzhansky-Muller incompatibilities) but also maladaptation, both expected to be most pronounced in contact zones. In addition, embryo abortion might reflect physiological stress on females and embryos independent of any genetic stress. We examined all embryos of >500 females sampled outside and inside contact zones of three populations in Sweden. Females' clutch size ranged from 0 to 1011 embryos (mean 130±123) and abortion rates varied between 0 and100% (mean 12%). We described female genotypes by using a hybrid index based on hundreds of SNPs differentiated between ecotypes with which we characterised female genotypes. We also calculated female SNP heterozygosity and inversion karyotype. Clutch size did not vary with female hybrid index and abortion rates were only weakly related to hybrid index in two sites but not at all in a third site. No additional variation in abortion rate was explained by female SNP heterozygosity, but increased female inversion heterozygosity added slightly to increased abortion. Our results show only weak and probably biologically insignificant postzygotic barriers contributing to ecotype divergence and the high and variable abortion rates were marginally, if at all, explained by hybrid index of females.","lang":"eng"}],"main_file_link":[{"url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.tb2rbnzwk","open_access":"1"}],"oa_version":"Published Version","day":"02","status":"public","date_published":"2019-12-02T00:00:00Z","type":"research_data_reference","publisher":"Dryad","department":[{"_id":"NiBa"}],"article_processing_charge":"No","year":"2019","oa":1,"date_updated":"2023-09-06T14:48:57Z","title":"Data from: Is embryo abortion a postzygotic barrier to gene flow between Littorina ecotypes?","citation":{"ama":"Johannesson K, Zagrodzka Z, Faria R, Westram AM, Butlin R. Data from: Is embryo abortion a postzygotic barrier to gene flow between Littorina ecotypes? 2019. doi:10.5061/DRYAD.TB2RBNZWK","ieee":"K. Johannesson, Z. Zagrodzka, R. Faria, A. M. Westram, and R. Butlin, “Data from: Is embryo abortion a postzygotic barrier to gene flow between Littorina ecotypes?” Dryad, 2019.","short":"K. Johannesson, Z. Zagrodzka, R. Faria, A.M. Westram, R. Butlin, (2019).","mla":"Johannesson, Kerstin, et al. Data from: Is Embryo Abortion a Postzygotic Barrier to Gene Flow between Littorina Ecotypes? Dryad, 2019, doi:10.5061/DRYAD.TB2RBNZWK.","ista":"Johannesson K, Zagrodzka Z, Faria R, Westram AM, Butlin R. 2019. Data from: Is embryo abortion a postzygotic barrier to gene flow between Littorina ecotypes?, Dryad, 10.5061/DRYAD.TB2RBNZWK.","chicago":"Johannesson, Kerstin, Zuzanna Zagrodzka, Rui Faria, Anja M Westram, and Roger Butlin. “Data from: Is Embryo Abortion a Postzygotic Barrier to Gene Flow between Littorina Ecotypes?” Dryad, 2019. https://doi.org/10.5061/DRYAD.TB2RBNZWK.","apa":"Johannesson, K., Zagrodzka, Z., Faria, R., Westram, A. M., & Butlin, R. (2019). Data from: Is embryo abortion a postzygotic barrier to gene flow between Littorina ecotypes? Dryad. https://doi.org/10.5061/DRYAD.TB2RBNZWK"},"date_created":"2023-05-23T16:36:27Z","related_material":{"record":[{"id":"7205","relation":"used_in_publication","status":"public"}]},"_id":"13067","doi":"10.5061/DRYAD.TB2RBNZWK"},{"doi":"10.5061/DRYAD.N0R525H","_id":"13079","related_material":{"record":[{"relation":"used_in_publication","id":"11060","status":"public"}]},"date_created":"2023-05-23T17:09:30Z","citation":{"ieee":"A. Buchwalter, R. Schulte, H. Tsai, J. Capitanio, and M. Hetzer, “Data from: Selective clearance of the inner nuclear membrane protein emerin by vesicular transport during ER stress.” Dryad, 2019.","ama":"Buchwalter A, Schulte R, Tsai H, Capitanio J, Hetzer M. Data from: Selective clearance of the inner nuclear membrane protein emerin by vesicular transport during ER stress. 2019. doi:10.5061/DRYAD.N0R525H","short":"A. Buchwalter, R. Schulte, H. Tsai, J. Capitanio, M. Hetzer, (2019).","ista":"Buchwalter A, Schulte R, Tsai H, Capitanio J, Hetzer M. 2019. Data from: Selective clearance of the inner nuclear membrane protein emerin by vesicular transport during ER stress, Dryad, 10.5061/DRYAD.N0R525H.","chicago":"Buchwalter, Abigail, Roberta Schulte, Hsiao Tsai, Juliana Capitanio, and Martin Hetzer. “Data from: Selective Clearance of the Inner Nuclear Membrane Protein Emerin by Vesicular Transport during ER Stress.” Dryad, 2019. https://doi.org/10.5061/DRYAD.N0R525H.","mla":"Buchwalter, Abigail, et al. Data from: Selective Clearance of the Inner Nuclear Membrane Protein Emerin by Vesicular Transport during ER Stress. Dryad, 2019, doi:10.5061/DRYAD.N0R525H.","apa":"Buchwalter, A., Schulte, R., Tsai, H., Capitanio, J., & Hetzer, M. (2019). Data from: Selective clearance of the inner nuclear membrane protein emerin by vesicular transport during ER stress. Dryad. https://doi.org/10.5061/DRYAD.N0R525H"},"title":"Data from: Selective clearance of the inner nuclear membrane protein emerin by vesicular transport during ER stress","article_processing_charge":"No","year":"2019","date_updated":"2023-05-31T06:36:23Z","oa":1,"extern":"1","status":"public","date_published":"2019-10-28T00:00:00Z","type":"research_data_reference","publisher":"Dryad","abstract":[{"text":"The inner nuclear membrane (INM) is a subdomain of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) that is gated by the nuclear pore complex. It is unknown whether proteins of the INM and ER are degraded through shared or distinct pathways in mammalian cells. We applied dynamic proteomics to profile protein half-lives and report that INM and ER residents turn over at similar rates, indicating that the INM’s unique topology is not a barrier to turnover. Using a microscopy approach, we observed that the proteasome can degrade INM proteins in situ. However, we also uncovered evidence for selective, vesicular transport-mediated turnover of a single INM protein, emerin, that is potentiated by ER stress. Emerin is rapidly cleared from the INM by a mechanism that requires emerin’s LEM domain to mediate vesicular trafficking to lysosomes. This work demonstrates that the INM can be dynamically remodeled in response to environmental inputs.","lang":"eng"}],"user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","day":"28","oa_version":"Published Version","main_file_link":[{"url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.n0r525h","open_access":"1"}],"month":"10","tmp":{"image":"/images/cc_0.png","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/legalcode","name":"Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication (CC0 1.0)","short":"CC0 (1.0)"},"ddc":["570"],"author":[{"last_name":"Buchwalter","first_name":"Abigail","full_name":"Buchwalter, Abigail"},{"last_name":"Schulte","full_name":"Schulte, Roberta","first_name":"Roberta"},{"last_name":"Tsai","full_name":"Tsai, Hsiao","first_name":"Hsiao"},{"last_name":"Capitanio","full_name":"Capitanio, Juliana","first_name":"Juliana"},{"last_name":"HETZER","id":"86c0d31b-b4eb-11ec-ac5a-eae7b2e135ed","orcid":"0000-0002-2111-992X","full_name":"HETZER, Martin W","first_name":"Martin W"}]},{"intvolume":" 74","citation":{"chicago":"Ilieva, Kristina M., Judit Singer, Heather J. Bax, Silvia Crescioli, Laura Montero‐Morales, Silvia Mele, Heng Sheng Sow, et al. “AllergoOncology: Expression Platform Development and Functional Profiling of an Anti‐HER2 IgE Antibody.” Allergy. Wiley, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1111/all.13818.","ista":"Ilieva KM, Singer J, Bax HJ, Crescioli S, Montero‐Morales L, Mele S, Sow HS, Stavraka C, Josephs DH, Spicer JF, Steinkellner H, Jensen‐Jarolim E, Tutt ANJ, Karagiannis SN. 2019. AllergoOncology: Expression platform development and functional profiling of an anti‐HER2 IgE antibody. Allergy. 74(10), 1985–1989.","mla":"Ilieva, Kristina M., et al. “AllergoOncology: Expression Platform Development and Functional Profiling of an Anti‐HER2 IgE Antibody.” Allergy, vol. 74, no. 10, Wiley, 2019, pp. 1985–89, doi:10.1111/all.13818.","short":"K.M. Ilieva, J. Singer, H.J. Bax, S. Crescioli, L. Montero‐Morales, S. Mele, H.S. Sow, C. Stavraka, D.H. Josephs, J.F. Spicer, H. Steinkellner, E. Jensen‐Jarolim, A.N.J. Tutt, S.N. Karagiannis, Allergy 74 (2019) 1985–1989.","ieee":"K. M. Ilieva et al., “AllergoOncology: Expression platform development and functional profiling of an anti‐HER2 IgE antibody,” Allergy, vol. 74, no. 10. Wiley, pp. 1985–1989, 2019.","ama":"Ilieva KM, Singer J, Bax HJ, et al. AllergoOncology: Expression platform development and functional profiling of an anti‐HER2 IgE antibody. Allergy. 2019;74(10):1985-1989. doi:10.1111/all.13818","apa":"Ilieva, K. M., Singer, J., Bax, H. J., Crescioli, S., Montero‐Morales, L., Mele, S., … Karagiannis, S. N. (2019). AllergoOncology: Expression platform development and functional profiling of an anti‐HER2 IgE antibody. Allergy. Wiley. https://doi.org/10.1111/all.13818"},"date_created":"2020-08-10T11:50:42Z","title":"AllergoOncology: Expression platform development and functional profiling of an anti‐HER2 IgE antibody","issue":"10","article_processing_charge":"No","year":"2019","oa":1,"date_updated":"2021-01-12T08:17:35Z","doi":"10.1111/all.13818","publication":"Allergy","_id":"8227","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"article_type":"letter_note","user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","day":"01","main_file_link":[{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/all.13818","open_access":"1"}],"oa_version":"Published Version","publication_identifier":{"issn":["0105-4538","1398-9995"]},"month":"10","publication_status":"published","author":[{"full_name":"Ilieva, Kristina M.","first_name":"Kristina M.","last_name":"Ilieva"},{"full_name":"Fazekas-Singer, Judit","first_name":"Judit","id":"36432834-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","last_name":"Fazekas-Singer","orcid":"0000-0002-8777-3502"},{"last_name":"Bax","first_name":"Heather J.","full_name":"Bax, Heather J."},{"first_name":"Silvia","full_name":"Crescioli, Silvia","last_name":"Crescioli"},{"last_name":"Montero‐Morales","first_name":"Laura","full_name":"Montero‐Morales, Laura"},{"full_name":"Mele, Silvia","first_name":"Silvia","last_name":"Mele"},{"last_name":"Sow","full_name":"Sow, Heng Sheng","first_name":"Heng Sheng"},{"first_name":"Chara","full_name":"Stavraka, Chara","last_name":"Stavraka"},{"last_name":"Josephs","full_name":"Josephs, Debra H.","first_name":"Debra H."},{"last_name":"Spicer","first_name":"James F.","full_name":"Spicer, James F."},{"orcid":"0000-0003-4823-1505","last_name":"Steinkellner","first_name":"Herta","full_name":"Steinkellner, Herta"},{"orcid":"0000-0003-4019-5765","last_name":"Jensen‐Jarolim","full_name":"Jensen‐Jarolim, Erika","first_name":"Erika"},{"full_name":"Tutt, Andrew N. J.","first_name":"Andrew N. J.","last_name":"Tutt","orcid":"0000-0001-8715-2901"},{"first_name":"Sophia N.","full_name":"Karagiannis, Sophia N.","last_name":"Karagiannis","orcid":"0000-0002-4100-7810"}],"quality_controlled":"1","volume":74,"extern":"1","page":"1985-1989","status":"public","date_published":"2019-10-01T00:00:00Z","type":"journal_article","publisher":"Wiley"},{"title":"AllergoOncology: High innate IgE levels are decisive for the survival of cancer-bearing mice","oa":1,"date_updated":"2021-01-12T08:17:36Z","article_processing_charge":"No","issue":"7","intvolume":" 12","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"publication":"World Allergy Organization Journal","author":[{"first_name":"Josef","full_name":"Singer, Josef","last_name":"Singer","orcid":"0000-0002-8701-2412"},{"last_name":"Achatz-Straussberger","first_name":"Gertrude","full_name":"Achatz-Straussberger, Gertrude"},{"last_name":"Bentley-Lukschal","full_name":"Bentley-Lukschal, Anna","first_name":"Anna"},{"id":"36432834-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","last_name":"Fazekas-Singer","orcid":"0000-0002-8777-3502","full_name":"Fazekas-Singer, Judit","first_name":"Judit"},{"first_name":"Gernot","full_name":"Achatz, Gernot","last_name":"Achatz"},{"last_name":"Karagiannis","full_name":"Karagiannis, Sophia N.","first_name":"Sophia N."},{"full_name":"Jensen-Jarolim, Erika","first_name":"Erika","last_name":"Jensen-Jarolim"}],"oa_version":"Published Version","day":"29","main_file_link":[{"open_access":"1","url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.waojou.2019.100044"}],"user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","publication_identifier":{"issn":["1939-4551"]},"month":"07","type":"journal_article","status":"public","date_created":"2020-08-10T11:50:54Z","citation":{"short":"J. Singer, G. Achatz-Straussberger, A. Bentley-Lukschal, J. Singer, G. Achatz, S.N. Karagiannis, E. Jensen-Jarolim, World Allergy Organization Journal 12 (2019).","ama":"Singer J, Achatz-Straussberger G, Bentley-Lukschal A, et al. AllergoOncology: High innate IgE levels are decisive for the survival of cancer-bearing mice. World Allergy Organization Journal. 2019;12(7). doi:10.1016/j.waojou.2019.100044","ieee":"J. Singer et al., “AllergoOncology: High innate IgE levels are decisive for the survival of cancer-bearing mice,” World Allergy Organization Journal, vol. 12, no. 7. Elsevier, 2019.","ista":"Singer J, Achatz-Straussberger G, Bentley-Lukschal A, Singer J, Achatz G, Karagiannis SN, Jensen-Jarolim E. 2019. AllergoOncology: High innate IgE levels are decisive for the survival of cancer-bearing mice. World Allergy Organization Journal. 12(7), 100044.","chicago":"Singer, Josef, Gertrude Achatz-Straussberger, Anna Bentley-Lukschal, Judit Singer, Gernot Achatz, Sophia N. Karagiannis, and Erika Jensen-Jarolim. “AllergoOncology: High Innate IgE Levels Are Decisive for the Survival of Cancer-Bearing Mice.” World Allergy Organization Journal. Elsevier, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.waojou.2019.100044.","mla":"Singer, Josef, et al. “AllergoOncology: High Innate IgE Levels Are Decisive for the Survival of Cancer-Bearing Mice.” World Allergy Organization Journal, vol. 12, no. 7, 100044, Elsevier, 2019, doi:10.1016/j.waojou.2019.100044.","apa":"Singer, J., Achatz-Straussberger, G., Bentley-Lukschal, A., Singer, J., Achatz, G., Karagiannis, S. N., & Jensen-Jarolim, E. (2019). AllergoOncology: High innate IgE levels are decisive for the survival of cancer-bearing mice. World Allergy Organization Journal. Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.waojou.2019.100044"},"year":"2019","article_number":"100044","_id":"8228","article_type":"original","doi":"10.1016/j.waojou.2019.100044","publication_status":"published","abstract":[{"text":"Background: Atopics have a lower risk for malignancies, and IgE targeted to tumors is superior to IgG in fighting cancer. Whether IgE-mediated innate or adaptive immune surveillance can confer protection against tumors remains unclear.\r\nObjective: We aimed to investigate the effects of active and passive immunotherapy to the tumor-associated antigen HER-2 in three murine models differing in Epsilon-B-cell-receptor expression affecting the levels of expressed IgE.\r\nMethods: We compared the levels of several serum specific anti-HER-2 antibodies (IgE, IgG1, IgG2a, IgG2b, IgA) and the survival rates in low-IgE ΔM1M2 mice lacking the transmembrane/cytoplasmic domain of Epsilon-B-cell-receptors expressing reduced IgE levels, high-IgE KN1 mice expressing chimeric Epsilon-Gamma1-B-cell receptors with 4-6-fold elevated serum IgE levels, and wild type (WT) BALB/c. Prior engrafting mice with D2F2/E2 mammary tumors overexpressing HER-2, mice were vaccinated with HER-2 or vehicle control PBS using the Th2-adjuvant Al(OH)3 (active immunotherapy), or treated with the murine anti-HER-2 IgG1 antibody 4D5 (passive immunotherapy).\r\nResults: Overall, among the three strains of mice, HER-2 vaccination induced significantly higher levels of HER-2 specific IgE and IgG1 in high-IgE KN1, while low-IgE ΔM1M2 mice had higher IgG2a levels. HER-2 vaccination and passive immunotherapy prolonged the survival in tumor-grafted WT and low-IgE ΔM1M2 strains compared with treatment controls; active vaccination provided the highest benefit. Notably, untreated high-IgE KN1 mice displayed the longest survival of all strains, which could not be further extended by active or passive immunotherapy.\r\nConclusion: Active and passive immunotherapies prolong survival in wild type and low-IgE ΔM1M2 mice engrafted with mammary tumors. High-IgE KN1 mice have an innate survival benefit following tumor challenge.","lang":"eng"}],"extern":"1","volume":12,"quality_controlled":"1","publisher":"Elsevier","date_published":"2019-07-29T00:00:00Z"},{"publication_identifier":{"issn":["2072-6643"]},"month":"10","user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","day":"15","main_file_link":[{"url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11102463","open_access":"1"}],"oa_version":"Published Version","author":[{"full_name":"Ondracek, Anna S.","first_name":"Anna S.","last_name":"Ondracek","orcid":"0000-0001-7625-3651"},{"first_name":"Denise","full_name":"Heiden, Denise","last_name":"Heiden"},{"last_name":"Oostingh","first_name":"Gertie J.","full_name":"Oostingh, Gertie J."},{"last_name":"Fuerst","full_name":"Fuerst, Elisabeth","first_name":"Elisabeth"},{"first_name":"Judit","full_name":"Fazekas-Singer, Judit","last_name":"Fazekas-Singer","id":"36432834-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","orcid":"0000-0002-8777-3502"},{"full_name":"Bergmayr, Cornelia","first_name":"Cornelia","last_name":"Bergmayr"},{"full_name":"Rohrhofer, Johanna","first_name":"Johanna","orcid":"0000-0002-2783-2099","last_name":"Rohrhofer"},{"last_name":"Jensen-Jarolim","orcid":"0000-0003-4019-5765","full_name":"Jensen-Jarolim, Erika","first_name":"Erika"},{"orcid":"0000-0002-7034-9860","last_name":"Duschl","full_name":"Duschl, Albert","first_name":"Albert"},{"full_name":"Untersmayr, Eva","first_name":"Eva","last_name":"Untersmayr","orcid":"0000-0002-1963-499X"}],"type":"journal_article","status":"public","intvolume":" 11","issue":"10","article_processing_charge":"No","date_updated":"2021-01-12T08:17:36Z","oa":1,"title":"Immune effects of the nitrated food allergen beta-lactoglobulin in an experimental food allergy model","publication":"Nutrients","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"Food proteins may get nitrated by various exogenous or endogenous mechanisms. As individuals might get recurrently exposed to nitrated proteins via daily diet, we aimed to investigate the effect of repeatedly ingested nitrated food proteins on the subsequent immune response in non-allergic and allergic mice using the milk allergen beta-lactoglobulin (BLG) as model food protein in a mouse model. Evaluating the presence of nitrated proteins in food, we could detect 3-nitrotyrosine (3-NT) in extracts of different foods and in stomach content extracts of non-allergic mice under physiological conditions. Chemically nitrated BLG (BLGn) exhibited enhanced susceptibility to degradation in simulated gastric fluid experiments compared to untreated BLG (BLGu). Gavage of BLGn to non-allergic animals increased interferon-γ and interleukin-10 release of stimulated spleen cells and led to the formation of BLG-specific serum IgA. Allergic mice receiving three oral gavages of BLGn had higher levels of mouse mast cell protease-1 (mMCP-1) compared to allergic mice receiving BLGu. Regardless of the preceding immune status, non-allergic or allergic, repeatedly ingested nitrated food proteins seem to considerably influence the subsequent immune response."}],"publication_status":"published","date_published":"2019-10-15T00:00:00Z","publisher":"MDPI","quality_controlled":"1","volume":11,"extern":"1","article_number":"2463","year":"2019","date_created":"2020-08-10T11:51:04Z","citation":{"chicago":"Ondracek, Anna S., Denise Heiden, Gertie J. Oostingh, Elisabeth Fuerst, Judit Singer, Cornelia Bergmayr, Johanna Rohrhofer, Erika Jensen-Jarolim, Albert Duschl, and Eva Untersmayr. “Immune Effects of the Nitrated Food Allergen Beta-Lactoglobulin in an Experimental Food Allergy Model.” Nutrients. MDPI, 2019. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11102463.","ista":"Ondracek AS, Heiden D, Oostingh GJ, Fuerst E, Singer J, Bergmayr C, Rohrhofer J, Jensen-Jarolim E, Duschl A, Untersmayr E. 2019. Immune effects of the nitrated food allergen beta-lactoglobulin in an experimental food allergy model. Nutrients. 11(10), 2463.","mla":"Ondracek, Anna S., et al. “Immune Effects of the Nitrated Food Allergen Beta-Lactoglobulin in an Experimental Food Allergy Model.” Nutrients, vol. 11, no. 10, 2463, MDPI, 2019, doi:10.3390/nu11102463.","short":"A.S. Ondracek, D. Heiden, G.J. Oostingh, E. Fuerst, J. Singer, C. Bergmayr, J. Rohrhofer, E. Jensen-Jarolim, A. Duschl, E. Untersmayr, Nutrients 11 (2019).","ama":"Ondracek AS, Heiden D, Oostingh GJ, et al. Immune effects of the nitrated food allergen beta-lactoglobulin in an experimental food allergy model. Nutrients. 2019;11(10). doi:10.3390/nu11102463","ieee":"A. S. Ondracek et al., “Immune effects of the nitrated food allergen beta-lactoglobulin in an experimental food allergy model,” Nutrients, vol. 11, no. 10. MDPI, 2019.","apa":"Ondracek, A. S., Heiden, D., Oostingh, G. J., Fuerst, E., Singer, J., Bergmayr, C., … Untersmayr, E. (2019). Immune effects of the nitrated food allergen beta-lactoglobulin in an experimental food allergy model. Nutrients. MDPI. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11102463"},"doi":"10.3390/nu11102463","article_type":"original","_id":"8229"},{"extern":"1","volume":19,"quality_controlled":"1","publisher":"Springer Nature","type":"journal_article","status":"public","date_published":"2019-03-27T00:00:00Z","author":[{"last_name":"Shelyakin","orcid":"0000-0003-0120-9319","full_name":"Shelyakin, Pavel V.","first_name":"Pavel V."},{"first_name":"Olga","full_name":"Bochkareva, Olga","last_name":"Bochkareva","id":"C4558D3C-6102-11E9-A62E-F418E6697425","orcid":"0000-0003-1006-6639"},{"last_name":"Karan","full_name":"Karan, Anna A.","first_name":"Anna A."},{"first_name":"Mikhail S.","full_name":"Gelfand, Mikhail S.","last_name":"Gelfand"}],"publication_status":"published","oa_version":"Published Version","day":"27","main_file_link":[{"open_access":"1","url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12862-019-1403-6"}],"user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","abstract":[{"text":"Background: The genus Streptococcus comprises pathogens that strongly influence the health of humans and animals. Genome sequencing of multiple Streptococcus strains demonstrated high variability in gene content and order even in closely related strains of the same species and created a newly emerged object for genomic analysis, the pan-genome. Here we analysed the genome evolution of 25 strains of Streptococcus suis, 50 strains of Streptococcus pyogenes and 28 strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae.\r\n\r\nResults: Fractions of the pan-genome, unique, periphery, and universal genes differ in size, functional composition, the level of nucleotide substitutions, and predisposition to horizontal gene transfer and genomic rearrangements. The density of substitutions in intergenic regions appears to be correlated with selection acting on adjacent genes, implying that more conserved genes tend to have more conserved regulatory regions.\r\nThe total pan-genome of the genus is open, but only due to strain-specific genes, whereas other pan-genome fractions reach saturation. We have identified the set of genes with phylogenies inconsistent with species and non-conserved location in the chromosome; these genes are rare in at least one species and have likely experienced recent horizontal transfer between species. The strain-specific fraction is enriched with mobile elements and hypothetical proteins, but also contains a number of candidate virulence-related genes, so it may have a strong impact on adaptability and pathogenicity.\r\nMapping the rearrangements to the phylogenetic tree revealed large parallel inversions in all species. A parallel inversion of length 15 kB with breakpoints formed by genes encoding surface antigen proteins PhtD and PhtB in S. pneumoniae leads to replacement of gene fragments that likely indicates the action of an antigen variation mechanism.\r\n\r\nConclusions: Members of genus Streptococcus have a highly dynamic, open pan-genome, that potentially confers them with the ability to adapt to changing environmental conditions, i.e. antibiotic resistance or transmission between different hosts. Hence, integrated analysis of all aspects of genome evolution is important for the identification of potential pathogens and design of drugs and vaccines.","lang":"eng"}],"month":"03","publication_identifier":{"issn":["1471-2148"]},"_id":"8263","article_type":"original","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"doi":"10.1186/s12862-019-1403-6","publication":"BMC Evolutionary Biology","title":"Micro-evolution of three Streptococcus species: Selection, antigenic variation, and horizontal gene inflow","date_created":"2020-08-15T11:04:07Z","citation":{"apa":"Shelyakin, P. V., Bochkareva, O., Karan, A. A., & Gelfand, M. S. (2019). Micro-evolution of three Streptococcus species: Selection, antigenic variation, and horizontal gene inflow. BMC Evolutionary Biology. Springer Nature. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12862-019-1403-6","chicago":"Shelyakin, Pavel V., Olga Bochkareva, Anna A. Karan, and Mikhail S. Gelfand. “Micro-Evolution of Three Streptococcus Species: Selection, Antigenic Variation, and Horizontal Gene Inflow.” BMC Evolutionary Biology. Springer Nature, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12862-019-1403-6.","mla":"Shelyakin, Pavel V., et al. “Micro-Evolution of Three Streptococcus Species: Selection, Antigenic Variation, and Horizontal Gene Inflow.” BMC Evolutionary Biology, vol. 19, 83, Springer Nature, 2019, doi:10.1186/s12862-019-1403-6.","ista":"Shelyakin PV, Bochkareva O, Karan AA, Gelfand MS. 2019. Micro-evolution of three Streptococcus species: Selection, antigenic variation, and horizontal gene inflow. BMC Evolutionary Biology. 19, 83.","ieee":"P. V. Shelyakin, O. Bochkareva, A. A. Karan, and M. S. Gelfand, “Micro-evolution of three Streptococcus species: Selection, antigenic variation, and horizontal gene inflow,” BMC Evolutionary Biology, vol. 19. Springer Nature, 2019.","ama":"Shelyakin PV, Bochkareva O, Karan AA, Gelfand MS. Micro-evolution of three Streptococcus species: Selection, antigenic variation, and horizontal gene inflow. BMC Evolutionary Biology. 2019;19. doi:10.1186/s12862-019-1403-6","short":"P.V. Shelyakin, O. Bochkareva, A.A. Karan, M.S. Gelfand, BMC Evolutionary Biology 19 (2019)."},"oa":1,"date_updated":"2023-02-23T13:28:54Z","article_processing_charge":"No","year":"2019","article_number":"83","intvolume":" 19"},{"publication":"Handbook of statistical genomics","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"editor":[{"first_name":"David","full_name":"Balding, David","last_name":"Balding"},{"last_name":"Moltke","full_name":"Moltke, Ida","first_name":"Ida"},{"first_name":"John","full_name":"Marioni, John","last_name":"Marioni"}],"isi":1,"title":"Mathematical models in population genetics","article_processing_charge":"No","date_updated":"2023-09-08T11:24:15Z","edition":"4","type":"book_chapter","status":"public","user_id":"c635000d-4b10-11ee-a964-aac5a93f6ac1","oa_version":"None","day":"29","month":"07","publication_identifier":{"isbn":["9781119429142"]},"author":[{"id":"4880FE40-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","last_name":"Barton","orcid":"0000-0002-8548-5240","first_name":"Nicholas H","full_name":"Barton, Nicholas H"},{"last_name":"Etheridge","full_name":"Etheridge, Alison","first_name":"Alison"}],"doi":"10.1002/9781119487845.ch4","_id":"8281","citation":{"short":"N.H. Barton, A. Etheridge, in:, D. Balding, I. Moltke, J. Marioni (Eds.), Handbook of Statistical Genomics, 4th ed., Wiley, 2019, pp. 115–144.","ieee":"N. H. Barton and A. Etheridge, “Mathematical models in population genetics,” in Handbook of statistical genomics, 4th ed., D. Balding, I. Moltke, and J. Marioni, Eds. Wiley, 2019, pp. 115–144.","ama":"Barton NH, Etheridge A. Mathematical models in population genetics. In: Balding D, Moltke I, Marioni J, eds. Handbook of Statistical Genomics. 4th ed. Wiley; 2019:115-144. doi:10.1002/9781119487845.ch4","ista":"Barton NH, Etheridge A. 2019.Mathematical models in population genetics. In: Handbook of statistical genomics. , 115–144.","chicago":"Barton, Nicholas H, and Alison Etheridge. “Mathematical Models in Population Genetics.” In Handbook of Statistical Genomics, edited by David Balding, Ida Moltke, and John Marioni, 4th ed., 115–44. Wiley, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119487845.ch4.","mla":"Barton, Nicholas H., and Alison Etheridge. “Mathematical Models in Population Genetics.” Handbook of Statistical Genomics, edited by David Balding et al., 4th ed., Wiley, 2019, pp. 115–44, doi:10.1002/9781119487845.ch4.","apa":"Barton, N. H., & Etheridge, A. (2019). Mathematical models in population genetics. In D. Balding, I. Moltke, & J. Marioni (Eds.), Handbook of statistical genomics (4th ed., pp. 115–144). Wiley. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119487845.ch4"},"date_created":"2020-08-21T04:25:39Z","year":"2019","quality_controlled":"1","page":"115-144","department":[{"_id":"NiBa"}],"date_published":"2019-07-29T00:00:00Z","publisher":"Wiley","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"We review the history of population genetics, starting with its origins a century ago from the synthesis between Mendel and Darwin's ideas, through to the recent development of sophisticated schemes of inference from sequence data, based on the coalescent. We explain the close relation between the coalescent and a diffusion process, which we illustrate by their application to understand spatial structure. We summarise the powerful methods available for analysis of multiple loci, when linkage equilibrium can be assumed, and then discuss approaches to the more challenging case, where associations between alleles require that we follow genotype, rather than allele, frequencies. Though we can hardly cover the whole of population genetics, we give an overview of the current state of the subject, and future challenges to it."}],"external_id":{"isi":["000261343000003"]},"ddc":["576"],"publication_status":"published"},{"author":[{"first_name":"Enis Ceyhun","full_name":"Alp, Enis Ceyhun","last_name":"Alp"},{"id":"f5983044-d7ef-11ea-ac6d-fd1430a26d30","last_name":"Kokoris Kogias","first_name":"Eleftherios","full_name":"Kokoris Kogias, Eleftherios"},{"full_name":"Fragkouli, Georgia","first_name":"Georgia","last_name":"Fragkouli"},{"first_name":"Bryan","full_name":"Ford, Bryan","last_name":"Ford"}],"publication_status":"published","day":"01","oa_version":"None","user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","abstract":[{"text":"While showing great promise, smart contracts are difficult to program correctly, as they need a deep understanding of cryptography and distributed algorithms, and offer limited functionality, as they have to be deterministic and cannot operate on secret data. In this paper we present Protean, a general-purpose decentralized computing platform that addresses these limitations by moving from a monolithic execution model, where all participating nodes store all the state and execute every computation, to a modular execution-model. Protean employs secure specialized modules, called functional units, for building decentralized applications that are currently insecure or impossible to implement with smart contracts. Each functional unit is a distributed system that provides a special-purpose functionality by exposing atomic transactions to the smart-contract developer. Combining these transactions into arbitrarily-defined workflows, developers can build a larger class of decentralized applications, such as provably-secure and fair lotteries or e-voting.","lang":"eng"}],"conference":{"name":"HotOS: Workshop on Hot Topics in Operating Systems","start_date":"2019-05-13","location":"Bertinoro, Italy","end_date":"2019-05-15"},"month":"05","publication_identifier":{"isbn":["9781450367271"]},"page":"105-112","extern":"1","quality_controlled":"1","publisher":"ACM","status":"public","type":"conference","date_published":"2019-05-01T00:00:00Z","citation":{"apa":"Alp, E. C., Kokoris Kogias, E., Fragkouli, G., & Ford, B. (2019). Rethinking general-purpose decentralized computing. In Proceedings of the Workshop on Hot Topics in Operating Systems (pp. 105–112). Bertinoro, Italy: ACM. https://doi.org/10.1145/3317550.3321448","short":"E.C. Alp, E. Kokoris Kogias, G. Fragkouli, B. Ford, in:, Proceedings of the Workshop on Hot Topics in Operating Systems, ACM, 2019, pp. 105–112.","ama":"Alp EC, Kokoris Kogias E, Fragkouli G, Ford B. Rethinking general-purpose decentralized computing. In: Proceedings of the Workshop on Hot Topics in Operating Systems. ACM; 2019:105-112. doi:10.1145/3317550.3321448","ieee":"E. C. Alp, E. Kokoris Kogias, G. Fragkouli, and B. Ford, “Rethinking general-purpose decentralized computing,” in Proceedings of the Workshop on Hot Topics in Operating Systems, Bertinoro, Italy, 2019, pp. 105–112.","chicago":"Alp, Enis Ceyhun, Eleftherios Kokoris Kogias, Georgia Fragkouli, and Bryan Ford. “Rethinking General-Purpose Decentralized Computing.” In Proceedings of the Workshop on Hot Topics in Operating Systems, 105–12. ACM, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1145/3317550.3321448.","mla":"Alp, Enis Ceyhun, et al. “Rethinking General-Purpose Decentralized Computing.” Proceedings of the Workshop on Hot Topics in Operating Systems, ACM, 2019, pp. 105–12, doi:10.1145/3317550.3321448.","ista":"Alp EC, Kokoris Kogias E, Fragkouli G, Ford B. 2019. Rethinking general-purpose decentralized computing. Proceedings of the Workshop on Hot Topics in Operating Systems. HotOS: Workshop on Hot Topics in Operating Systems, 105–112."},"date_created":"2020-08-26T11:45:45Z","title":"Rethinking general-purpose decentralized computing","date_updated":"2021-01-12T08:17:56Z","year":"2019","article_processing_charge":"No","scopus_import":"1","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"_id":"8296","doi":"10.1145/3317550.3321448","publication":"Proceedings of the Workshop on Hot Topics in Operating Systems"},{"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"_id":"8303","publication":"Cryptology ePrint Archive","title":"Robust and scalable consensus for sharded distributed ledgers","citation":{"mla":"Kokoris Kogias, Eleftherios. “Robust and Scalable Consensus for Sharded Distributed Ledgers.” Cryptology EPrint Archive, 2019/676.","ista":"Kokoris Kogias E. Robust and scalable consensus for sharded distributed ledgers. Cryptology ePrint Archive, 2019/676.","chicago":"Kokoris Kogias, Eleftherios. “Robust and Scalable Consensus for Sharded Distributed Ledgers.” Cryptology EPrint Archive, n.d.","short":"E. Kokoris Kogias, Cryptology EPrint Archive (n.d.).","ama":"Kokoris Kogias E. Robust and scalable consensus for sharded distributed ledgers. Cryptology ePrint Archive.","ieee":"E. Kokoris Kogias, “Robust and scalable consensus for sharded distributed ledgers,” Cryptology ePrint Archive. .","apa":"Kokoris Kogias, E. (n.d.). Robust and scalable consensus for sharded distributed ledgers. Cryptology ePrint Archive."},"date_created":"2020-08-26T12:13:56Z","year":"2019","article_processing_charge":"No","date_updated":"2021-09-24T12:07:11Z","oa":1,"article_number":"2019/676","extern":"1","date_published":"2019-06-06T00:00:00Z","status":"public","type":"preprint","publication_status":"submitted","author":[{"first_name":"Eleftherios","full_name":"Kokoris Kogias, Eleftherios","last_name":"Kokoris Kogias","id":"f5983044-d7ef-11ea-ac6d-fd1430a26d30"}],"abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"ByzCoin, a promising alternative of Bitcoin, is a scalable consensus protocol used as a building block of many research and enterprise-level decentralized systems. In this paper, we show that ByzCoin is unsuitable for deployment in an anopen, adversarial network and instead introduceMOTOR. MOTORis designed as a secure, robust, and scalable consensus suitable for permissionless sharded blockchains. MOTORachieves these properties by making four key design choices: (a) it prioritizes robustness in adversarial environments while maintaining adequate scalability, (b) it employees provably correct cryptography that resists DoS attacks from individual nodes, (c) it deploys unpredictable rotating leaders to defend against mildly-adaptive adversaries and prevents censorship, and (d) it creates an incentive compatible reward mechanism. These choices are materialized as (a) a “rotating subleader” communication pattern that balances the scalability needs with the robustness requirements under failures, (b) deployment of provable secure BLS multi-signatures, (c) use of deterministic thresh-old signatures as a source of randomness and (d) careful design of the reward allocation mechanism. We have implemented MOTORand compare it withByzCoin. We show that MOTORcan scale similar to ByzCoin with an at most2xoverhead whereas it maintains good performance even under high-percentage of faults, unlike ByzCoin."}],"user_id":"8b945eb4-e2f2-11eb-945a-df72226e66a9","oa_version":"Preprint","main_file_link":[{"url":"https://eprint.iacr.org/2019/676","open_access":"1"}],"day":"06","month":"06"},{"extern":"1","type":"preprint","status":"public","date_published":"2019-10-01T00:00:00Z","publication_status":"submitted","author":[{"first_name":"Alexei","full_name":"Zamyatin, Alexei","last_name":"Zamyatin"},{"first_name":"Mustafa","full_name":"Al-Bassam, Mustafa","last_name":"Al-Bassam"},{"first_name":"Dionysis","full_name":"Zindros, Dionysis","last_name":"Zindros"},{"full_name":"Kokoris Kogias, Eleftherios","first_name":"Eleftherios","last_name":"Kokoris Kogias","id":"f5983044-d7ef-11ea-ac6d-fd1430a26d30"},{"full_name":"Moreno-Sanchez, Pedro","first_name":"Pedro","last_name":"Moreno-Sanchez"},{"last_name":"Kiayias","first_name":"Aggelos","full_name":"Kiayias, Aggelos"},{"last_name":"Knottenbelt","full_name":"Knottenbelt, William J.","first_name":"William J."}],"user_id":"8b945eb4-e2f2-11eb-945a-df72226e66a9","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"Enabling secure communication across distributed systems is usually studied under the assumption of trust between the different systems and an external adversary trying to compromise the messages. With the appearance of distributed ledgers or blockchains, numerous protocols have emerged, which attempt to achieve trustless communication between distrusting ledgers and participants. Cross-chain communication (CCC) thereby plays a fundamental role in cryptocurrency exchanges, sharding, bootstrapping of new and feature-extension of existing distributed ledgers. Unfortunately, existing proposals are designed ad-hoc for specific use-cases, making it hard to gain confidence on their correctness and composability.\r\nWe provide the first systematic exposition of protocols for CCC. First, we formalize the underlying research problem and show that CCC is impossible without a trusted third party, contrary to common beliefs in the blockchain community. We then develop a framework to evaluate existing and to design new cross-chain protocols. The framework is based on the use case, the trust model, and the security assumptions of interlinked blockchains. Finally, we identify security and privacy challenges faced by protocols in the cross-chain setting.\r\nThis Systematization of Knowledge (SoK) offers a comprehensive guide for designing protocols bridging the numerous distributed ledgers available today. It aims to facilitate clearer communication between academia and industry in the field."}],"main_file_link":[{"url":"https://eprint.iacr.org/2019/1128 ","open_access":"1"}],"day":"01","oa_version":"Preprint","month":"10","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"_id":"8304","publication":"Cryptology ePrint Archive","date_created":"2020-08-26T12:16:38Z","citation":{"ieee":"A. Zamyatin et al., “SoK: Communication across distributed ledgers,” Cryptology ePrint Archive. .","ama":"Zamyatin A, Al-Bassam M, Zindros D, et al. SoK: Communication across distributed ledgers. Cryptology ePrint Archive.","short":"A. Zamyatin, M. Al-Bassam, D. Zindros, E. Kokoris Kogias, P. Moreno-Sanchez, A. Kiayias, W.J. Knottenbelt, Cryptology EPrint Archive (n.d.).","ista":"Zamyatin A, Al-Bassam M, Zindros D, Kokoris Kogias E, Moreno-Sanchez P, Kiayias A, Knottenbelt WJ. SoK: Communication across distributed ledgers. Cryptology ePrint Archive, 2019/1128.","mla":"Zamyatin, Alexei, et al. “SoK: Communication across Distributed Ledgers.” Cryptology EPrint Archive, 2019/1128.","chicago":"Zamyatin, Alexei, Mustafa Al-Bassam, Dionysis Zindros, Eleftherios Kokoris Kogias, Pedro Moreno-Sanchez, Aggelos Kiayias, and William J. Knottenbelt. “SoK: Communication across Distributed Ledgers.” Cryptology EPrint Archive, n.d.","apa":"Zamyatin, A., Al-Bassam, M., Zindros, D., Kokoris Kogias, E., Moreno-Sanchez, P., Kiayias, A., & Knottenbelt, W. J. (n.d.). SoK: Communication across distributed ledgers. Cryptology ePrint Archive."},"title":"SoK: Communication across distributed ledgers","year":"2019","article_processing_charge":"No","oa":1,"date_updated":"2021-09-24T12:08:14Z","article_number":"2019/1128"},{"status":"public","type":"preprint","date_published":"2019-09-10T00:00:00Z","month":"09","oa_version":"Preprint","main_file_link":[{"url":"https://eprint.iacr.org/2019/1015","open_access":"1"}],"day":"10","user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"In this paper, we present the first fully asynchronous distributed key generation (ADKG) algorithm as well as the first distributed key generation algorithm that can create keys with a dual (f,2f+1)−threshold that are necessary for scalable consensus (which so far needs a trusted dealer assumption). In order to create a DKG with a dual (f,2f+1)− threshold we first answer in the affirmative the open question posed by Cachin et al. how to create an AVSS protocol with recovery thresholds f+1