---
_id: '12657'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: An enhanced temperature-index glacier melt model, incorporating incoming shortwave
    radiation and albedo, is presented. The model is an attempt to combine the high
    temporal resolution and accuracy of physically based melt models with the lower
    data requirements and computational simplicity of empirical melt models, represented
    by the ‘degree-day’ method and its variants. The model is run with both measured
    and modelled radiation data, to test its applicability to glaciers with differing
    data availability. Five automatic weather stations were established on Haut Glacier
    d’Arolla, Switzerland, between May and September 2001. Reference surface melt
    rates were calculated using a physically based energy-balance melt model. The
    performance of the enhanced temperature-index model was tested at each of the
    four validation stations by comparing predicted hourly melt rates with reference
    melt rates. Predictions made with three other temperature-index models were evaluated
    in the same way for comparison. The enhanced temperature-index model offers significant
    improvements over the other temperature-index models, and accounts for 90–95%
    of the variation in the reference melt rate. The improvement is lower, but still
    significant, when the model is forced by modelled shortwave radiation data, thus
    offering a better alternative to existing models that require only temperature
    data input.
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Francesca
  full_name: Pellicciotti, Francesca
  id: b28f055a-81ea-11ed-b70c-a9fe7f7b0e70
  last_name: Pellicciotti
- first_name: Ben
  full_name: Brock, Ben
  last_name: Brock
- first_name: Ulrich
  full_name: Strasser, Ulrich
  last_name: Strasser
- first_name: Paolo
  full_name: Burlando, Paolo
  last_name: Burlando
- first_name: Martin
  full_name: Funk, Martin
  last_name: Funk
- first_name: Javier
  full_name: Corripio, Javier
  last_name: Corripio
citation:
  ama: 'Pellicciotti F, Brock B, Strasser U, Burlando P, Funk M, Corripio J. An enhanced
    temperature-index glacier melt model including the shortwave radiation balance:
    Development and testing for Haut Glacier d’Arolla, Switzerland. <i>Journal of
    Glaciology</i>. 2005;51(175):573-587. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.3189/172756505781829124">10.3189/172756505781829124</a>'
  apa: 'Pellicciotti, F., Brock, B., Strasser, U., Burlando, P., Funk, M., &#38; Corripio,
    J. (2005). An enhanced temperature-index glacier melt model including the shortwave
    radiation balance: Development and testing for Haut Glacier d’Arolla, Switzerland.
    <i>Journal of Glaciology</i>. Cambridge University Press. <a href="https://doi.org/10.3189/172756505781829124">https://doi.org/10.3189/172756505781829124</a>'
  chicago: 'Pellicciotti, Francesca, Ben Brock, Ulrich Strasser, Paolo Burlando, Martin
    Funk, and Javier Corripio. “An Enhanced Temperature-Index Glacier Melt Model Including
    the Shortwave Radiation Balance: Development and Testing for Haut Glacier d’Arolla,
    Switzerland.” <i>Journal of Glaciology</i>. Cambridge University Press, 2005.
    <a href="https://doi.org/10.3189/172756505781829124">https://doi.org/10.3189/172756505781829124</a>.'
  ieee: 'F. Pellicciotti, B. Brock, U. Strasser, P. Burlando, M. Funk, and J. Corripio,
    “An enhanced temperature-index glacier melt model including the shortwave radiation
    balance: Development and testing for Haut Glacier d’Arolla, Switzerland,” <i>Journal
    of Glaciology</i>, vol. 51, no. 175. Cambridge University Press, pp. 573–587,
    2005.'
  ista: 'Pellicciotti F, Brock B, Strasser U, Burlando P, Funk M, Corripio J. 2005.
    An enhanced temperature-index glacier melt model including the shortwave radiation
    balance: Development and testing for Haut Glacier d’Arolla, Switzerland. Journal
    of Glaciology. 51(175), 573–587.'
  mla: 'Pellicciotti, Francesca, et al. “An Enhanced Temperature-Index Glacier Melt
    Model Including the Shortwave Radiation Balance: Development and Testing for Haut
    Glacier d’Arolla, Switzerland.” <i>Journal of Glaciology</i>, vol. 51, no. 175,
    Cambridge University Press, 2005, pp. 573–87, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.3189/172756505781829124">10.3189/172756505781829124</a>.'
  short: F. Pellicciotti, B. Brock, U. Strasser, P. Burlando, M. Funk, J. Corripio,
    Journal of Glaciology 51 (2005) 573–587.
date_created: 2023-02-20T08:18:51Z
date_published: 2005-10-19T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2023-02-20T08:45:37Z
day: '19'
doi: 10.3189/172756505781829124
extern: '1'
intvolume: '        51'
issue: '175'
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
  url: https://doi.org/10.3189/172756505781829124
month: '10'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
page: 573-587
publication: Journal of Glaciology
publication_identifier:
  eissn:
  - 1727-5652
  issn:
  - 0022-1430
publication_status: published
publisher: Cambridge University Press
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: 'An enhanced temperature-index glacier melt model including the shortwave radiation
  balance: Development and testing for Haut Glacier d’Arolla, Switzerland'
type: journal_article
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 51
year: '2005'
...
---
_id: '1298'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: Genetically encoded fluorescent probes of neural activity represent new promising
    tools for systems neuroscience. Here, we present a comparative in vivo analysis
    of 10 different genetically encoded calcium indicators, as well as the pH-sensitive
    synapto-pHluorin. We analyzed their fluorescence changes in presynaptic boutons
    of the Drosophila larval neuromuscular junction. Robust neural activity did not
    result in any or noteworthy fluorescence changes when Flash-Pericam, Camgaroo-1,
    and Camgaroo-2 were expressed. However, calculated on the raw data, fractional
    fluorescence changes up to 18% were reported by synapto-pHluorin, Yellow Cameleon
    2.0, 2.3, and 3.3, Inverse-Pericam, GCaMP1.3, GCaMP1.6, and the troponin C-based
    calcium sensor TN-L15. The response characteristics of all of these indicators
    differed considerably from each other, with GCaMP1.6 reporting high rates of neural
    activity with the largest and fastest fluorescence changes. However, GCaMP1.6
    suffered from photobleaching, whereas the fluorescence signals of the double-chromophore
    indicators were in general smaller but more photostable and reproducible, with
    TN-L15 showing the fastest rise of the signals at lower activity rates. We show
    for GCaMP1.3 and YC3.3 that an expanded range of neural activity evoked fairly
    linear fluorescence changes and a corresponding linear increase in the signal-to-noise
    ratio (SNR). The expression level of the indicator biased the signal kinetics
    and SNR, whereas the signal amplitude was independent. The presented data will
    be useful for in vivo experiments with respect to the selection of an appropriate
    indicator, as well as for the correct interpretation of the optical signals.
acknowledgement: This work was supported by the Max-Planck-Society.
author:
- first_name: Dierk
  full_name: Reiff, Dierk F
  last_name: Reiff
- first_name: Alexandra
  full_name: Ihring, Alexandra
  last_name: Ihring
- first_name: Giovanna
  full_name: Guerrero, Giovanna
  last_name: Guerrero
- first_name: Ehud
  full_name: Isacoff, Ehud Y
  last_name: Isacoff
- first_name: Maximilian A
  full_name: Maximilian Jösch
  id: 2BD278E6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Jösch
  orcid: 0000-0002-3937-1330
- first_name: Junichi
  full_name: Nakai, Junichi
  last_name: Nakai
- first_name: Alexander
  full_name: Borst, Alexander
  last_name: Borst
citation:
  ama: Reiff D, Ihring A, Guerrero G, et al. In vivo performance of genetically encoded
    indicators of neural activity in flies. <i>Journal of Neuroscience</i>. 2005;25(19):4766-4778.
    doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.4900-04.2005">10.1523/JNEUROSCI.4900-04.2005</a>
  apa: Reiff, D., Ihring, A., Guerrero, G., Isacoff, E., Jösch, M. A., Nakai, J.,
    &#38; Borst, A. (2005). In vivo performance of genetically encoded indicators
    of neural activity in flies. <i>Journal of Neuroscience</i>. Society for Neuroscience.
    <a href="https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.4900-04.2005">https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.4900-04.2005</a>
  chicago: Reiff, Dierk, Alexandra Ihring, Giovanna Guerrero, Ehud Isacoff, Maximilian
    A Jösch, Junichi Nakai, and Alexander Borst. “In Vivo Performance of Genetically
    Encoded Indicators of Neural Activity in Flies.” <i>Journal of Neuroscience</i>.
    Society for Neuroscience, 2005. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.4900-04.2005">https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.4900-04.2005</a>.
  ieee: D. Reiff <i>et al.</i>, “In vivo performance of genetically encoded indicators
    of neural activity in flies,” <i>Journal of Neuroscience</i>, vol. 25, no. 19.
    Society for Neuroscience, pp. 4766–4778, 2005.
  ista: Reiff D, Ihring A, Guerrero G, Isacoff E, Jösch MA, Nakai J, Borst A. 2005.
    In vivo performance of genetically encoded indicators of neural activity in flies.
    Journal of Neuroscience. 25(19), 4766–4778.
  mla: Reiff, Dierk, et al. “In Vivo Performance of Genetically Encoded Indicators
    of Neural Activity in Flies.” <i>Journal of Neuroscience</i>, vol. 25, no. 19,
    Society for Neuroscience, 2005, pp. 4766–78, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.4900-04.2005">10.1523/JNEUROSCI.4900-04.2005</a>.
  short: D. Reiff, A. Ihring, G. Guerrero, E. Isacoff, M.A. Jösch, J. Nakai, A. Borst,
    Journal of Neuroscience 25 (2005) 4766–4778.
date_created: 2018-12-11T11:51:13Z
date_published: 2005-03-11T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2021-01-12T06:49:42Z
day: '11'
doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.4900-04.2005
extern: 1
intvolume: '        25'
issue: '19'
month: '03'
page: 4766 - 4778
publication: Journal of Neuroscience
publication_status: published
publisher: Society for Neuroscience
publist_id: '5975'
quality_controlled: 0
status: public
title: In vivo performance of genetically encoded indicators of neural activity in
  flies
type: journal_article
volume: 25
year: '2005'
...
---
_id: '843'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: The impact of an amino acid replacement on the organism's fitness can vary
    from lethal to selectively neutral and even, in rare cases, beneficial. Substantial
    data are available on either pathogenic or acceptable replacements. However, the
    whole distribution of coefficients of selection against individual replacements
    is not known for any organism. To ascertain this distribution for human proteins,
    we combined data on pathogenic missense mutations, on human non-synonymous SNPs
    and on human-chimpanzee divergence of orthologous proteins. Fractions of amino
    acid replacements which reduce fitness by &gt;10-2, 10-2-10-4, 10-4-10-5 and &lt;10-5
    are 25, 49, 14 and 12%, respectively. On average, the strength of selection against
    a replacement is substantially higher when chemically dissimilar amino acids are
    involved, and the Grantham's index of a replacement explains 35% of variance in
    the average logarithm of selection coefficients associated with different replacements.
    Still, the impact of a replacement depends on its context within the protein more
    than on its own nature. Reciprocal replacements are often associated with rather
    different selection coefficients, in particular, replacements of non-polar amino
    acids with polar ones are typically much more deleterious than replacements in
    the opposite direction. However, differences between evolutionary fluxes of reciprocal
    replacements are only weakly correlated with the differences between the corresponding
    selection coefficients.
author:
- first_name: Lev
  full_name: Yampolsky, Lev Y
  last_name: Yampolsky
- first_name: Fyodor
  full_name: Fyodor Kondrashov
  id: 44FDEF62-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Kondrashov
  orcid: 0000-0001-8243-4694
- first_name: Alexey
  full_name: Kondrashov, Alexey S
  last_name: Kondrashov
citation:
  ama: Yampolsky L, Kondrashov F, Kondrashov A. Distribution of the strength of selection
    against amino acid replacements in human proteins. <i>Human Molecular Genetics</i>.
    2005;14(21):3191-3201. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1093/hmg/ddi350">10.1093/hmg/ddi350</a>
  apa: Yampolsky, L., Kondrashov, F., &#38; Kondrashov, A. (2005). Distribution of
    the strength of selection against amino acid replacements in human proteins. <i>Human
    Molecular Genetics</i>. Oxford University Press. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1093/hmg/ddi350">https://doi.org/10.1093/hmg/ddi350</a>
  chicago: Yampolsky, Lev, Fyodor Kondrashov, and Alexey Kondrashov. “Distribution
    of the Strength of Selection against Amino Acid Replacements in Human Proteins.”
    <i>Human Molecular Genetics</i>. Oxford University Press, 2005. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1093/hmg/ddi350">https://doi.org/10.1093/hmg/ddi350</a>.
  ieee: L. Yampolsky, F. Kondrashov, and A. Kondrashov, “Distribution of the strength
    of selection against amino acid replacements in human proteins,” <i>Human Molecular
    Genetics</i>, vol. 14, no. 21. Oxford University Press, pp. 3191–3201, 2005.
  ista: Yampolsky L, Kondrashov F, Kondrashov A. 2005. Distribution of the strength
    of selection against amino acid replacements in human proteins. Human Molecular
    Genetics. 14(21), 3191–3201.
  mla: Yampolsky, Lev, et al. “Distribution of the Strength of Selection against Amino
    Acid Replacements in Human Proteins.” <i>Human Molecular Genetics</i>, vol. 14,
    no. 21, Oxford University Press, 2005, pp. 3191–201, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1093/hmg/ddi350">10.1093/hmg/ddi350</a>.
  short: L. Yampolsky, F. Kondrashov, A. Kondrashov, Human Molecular Genetics 14 (2005)
    3191–3201.
date_created: 2018-12-11T11:48:48Z
date_published: 2005-11-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2021-01-12T08:19:13Z
day: '01'
doi: 10.1093/hmg/ddi350
extern: 1
intvolume: '        14'
issue: '21'
month: '11'
page: 3191 - 3201
publication: Human Molecular Genetics
publication_status: published
publisher: Oxford University Press
publist_id: '6807'
quality_controlled: 0
status: public
title: Distribution of the strength of selection against amino acid replacements in
  human proteins
type: journal_article
volume: 14
year: '2005'
...
---
_id: '8491'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: Fast multidimensional NMR with a time resolution of a few seconds provides
    a new tool for high throughput screening and site-resolved real-time studies of
    kinetic molecular processes by NMR. Recently we have demonstrated the feasibility
    to record protein 1H–15N correlation spectra in a few seconds of acquisition time
    using a new SOFAST-HMQC experiment (Schanda and Brutscher (2005) J. Am. Chem.
    Soc. 127, 8014). Here, we investigate in detail the performance of SOFAST-HMQC
    to record 1H–15N and 1H−13C correlation spectra of proteins of different size
    and at different magnetic field strengths. Compared to standard 1H–15N correlation
    experiments SOFAST-HMQC provides a significant gain in sensitivity, especially
    for fast repetition rates. Guidelines are provided on how to set up SOFAST-HMQC
    experiments for a given protein sample. In addition, an alternative pulse scheme,
    IPAP-SOFAST-HMQC is presented that allows application on NMR spectrometers equipped
    with cryogenic probes, and fast measurement of one-bond 1H–13C and 1H–15N scalar
    and residual dipolar coupling constants.
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Paul
  full_name: Schanda, Paul
  id: 7B541462-FAF6-11E9-A490-E8DFE5697425
  last_name: Schanda
  orcid: 0000-0002-9350-7606
- first_name: Ēriks
  full_name: Kupče, Ēriks
  last_name: Kupče
- first_name: Bernhard
  full_name: Brutscher, Bernhard
  last_name: Brutscher
citation:
  ama: Schanda P, Kupče Ē, Brutscher B. SOFAST-HMQC experiments for recording two-dimensional
    deteronuclear correlation spectra of proteins within a few seconds. <i>Journal
    of Biomolecular NMR</i>. 2005;33(4):199-211. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s10858-005-4425-x">10.1007/s10858-005-4425-x</a>
  apa: Schanda, P., Kupče, Ē., &#38; Brutscher, B. (2005). SOFAST-HMQC experiments
    for recording two-dimensional deteronuclear correlation spectra of proteins within
    a few seconds. <i>Journal of Biomolecular NMR</i>. Springer Nature. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s10858-005-4425-x">https://doi.org/10.1007/s10858-005-4425-x</a>
  chicago: Schanda, Paul, Ēriks Kupče, and Bernhard Brutscher. “SOFAST-HMQC Experiments
    for Recording Two-Dimensional Deteronuclear Correlation Spectra of Proteins within
    a Few Seconds.” <i>Journal of Biomolecular NMR</i>. Springer Nature, 2005. <a
    href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s10858-005-4425-x">https://doi.org/10.1007/s10858-005-4425-x</a>.
  ieee: P. Schanda, Ē. Kupče, and B. Brutscher, “SOFAST-HMQC experiments for recording
    two-dimensional deteronuclear correlation spectra of proteins within a few seconds,”
    <i>Journal of Biomolecular NMR</i>, vol. 33, no. 4. Springer Nature, pp. 199–211,
    2005.
  ista: Schanda P, Kupče Ē, Brutscher B. 2005. SOFAST-HMQC experiments for recording
    two-dimensional deteronuclear correlation spectra of proteins within a few seconds.
    Journal of Biomolecular NMR. 33(4), 199–211.
  mla: Schanda, Paul, et al. “SOFAST-HMQC Experiments for Recording Two-Dimensional
    Deteronuclear Correlation Spectra of Proteins within a Few Seconds.” <i>Journal
    of Biomolecular NMR</i>, vol. 33, no. 4, Springer Nature, 2005, pp. 199–211, doi:<a
    href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s10858-005-4425-x">10.1007/s10858-005-4425-x</a>.
  short: P. Schanda, Ē. Kupče, B. Brutscher, Journal of Biomolecular NMR 33 (2005)
    199–211.
date_created: 2020-09-18T10:13:59Z
date_published: 2005-12-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2021-01-12T08:19:38Z
day: '01'
doi: 10.1007/s10858-005-4425-x
extern: '1'
intvolume: '        33'
issue: '4'
keyword:
- Spectroscopy
- Biochemistry
language:
- iso: eng
month: '12'
oa_version: None
page: 199-211
publication: Journal of Biomolecular NMR
publication_identifier:
  issn:
  - 0925-2738
  - 1573-5001
publication_status: published
publisher: Springer Nature
quality_controlled: '1'
status: public
title: SOFAST-HMQC experiments for recording two-dimensional deteronuclear correlation
  spectra of proteins within a few seconds
type: journal_article
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 33
year: '2005'
...
---
_id: '8492'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: We demonstrate for different protein samples that 2D 1H−15N correlation NMR
    spectra can be recorded in a few seconds of acquisition time using a new band-selective
    optimized flip-angle short-transient heteronuclear multiple quantum coherence
    experiment. This has enabled us to measure fast hydrogen−deuterium exchange rate
    constants along the backbone of a small globular protein fragment by real-time
    2D NMR.
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Paul
  full_name: Schanda, Paul
  id: 7B541462-FAF6-11E9-A490-E8DFE5697425
  last_name: Schanda
  orcid: 0000-0002-9350-7606
- first_name: Bernhard
  full_name: Brutscher, Bernhard
  last_name: Brutscher
citation:
  ama: Schanda P, Brutscher B. Very fast two-dimensional NMR spectroscopy for real-time
    investigation of dynamic events in proteins on the time scale of seconds. <i>Journal
    of the American Chemical Society</i>. 2005;127(22):8014-8015. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1021/ja051306e">10.1021/ja051306e</a>
  apa: Schanda, P., &#38; Brutscher, B. (2005). Very fast two-dimensional NMR spectroscopy
    for real-time investigation of dynamic events in proteins on the time scale of
    seconds. <i>Journal of the American Chemical Society</i>. American Chemical Society.
    <a href="https://doi.org/10.1021/ja051306e">https://doi.org/10.1021/ja051306e</a>
  chicago: Schanda, Paul, and Bernhard Brutscher. “Very Fast Two-Dimensional NMR Spectroscopy
    for Real-Time Investigation of Dynamic Events in Proteins on the Time Scale of
    Seconds.” <i>Journal of the American Chemical Society</i>. American Chemical Society,
    2005. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1021/ja051306e">https://doi.org/10.1021/ja051306e</a>.
  ieee: P. Schanda and B. Brutscher, “Very fast two-dimensional NMR spectroscopy for
    real-time investigation of dynamic events in proteins on the time scale of seconds,”
    <i>Journal of the American Chemical Society</i>, vol. 127, no. 22. American Chemical
    Society, pp. 8014–8015, 2005.
  ista: Schanda P, Brutscher B. 2005. Very fast two-dimensional NMR spectroscopy for
    real-time investigation of dynamic events in proteins on the time scale of seconds.
    Journal of the American Chemical Society. 127(22), 8014–8015.
  mla: Schanda, Paul, and Bernhard Brutscher. “Very Fast Two-Dimensional NMR Spectroscopy
    for Real-Time Investigation of Dynamic Events in Proteins on the Time Scale of
    Seconds.” <i>Journal of the American Chemical Society</i>, vol. 127, no. 22, American
    Chemical Society, 2005, pp. 8014–15, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1021/ja051306e">10.1021/ja051306e</a>.
  short: P. Schanda, B. Brutscher, Journal of the American Chemical Society 127 (2005)
    8014–8015.
date_created: 2020-09-18T10:14:05Z
date_published: 2005-05-14T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2021-01-12T08:19:39Z
day: '14'
doi: 10.1021/ja051306e
extern: '1'
intvolume: '       127'
issue: '22'
keyword:
- Colloid and Surface Chemistry
- Biochemistry
- General Chemistry
- Catalysis
language:
- iso: eng
month: '05'
oa_version: None
page: 8014-8015
publication: Journal of the American Chemical Society
publication_identifier:
  issn:
  - 0002-7863
  - 1520-5126
publication_status: published
publisher: American Chemical Society
quality_controlled: '1'
status: public
title: Very fast two-dimensional NMR spectroscopy for real-time investigation of dynamic
  events in proteins on the time scale of seconds
type: journal_article
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 127
year: '2005'
...
---
_id: '8516'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: "The purpose of this paper is to construct examples of diffusion for E-Hamiltonian
    perturbations\r\nof completely integrable Hamiltonian systems in 2d-dimensional
    phase space, with d large.\r\nIn the first part of the paper, simple and explicit
    examples are constructed illustrating absence\r\nof ‘long-time’ stability for
    size E Hamiltonian perturbations of quasi-convex integrable systems\r\nalready
    when the dimension 2d of phase space becomes as large as log 1/E . We first produce\r\nthe
    example in Gevrey class and then a real analytic one, with some additional work.\r\nIn
    the second part, we consider again E-Hamiltonian perturbations of completely integrable\r\nHamiltonian
    system in 2d-dimensional space with E-small but not too small, |E| > exp(−d),
    with\r\nd the number of degrees of freedom assumed large. It is shown that for
    a class of analytic\r\ntime-periodic perturbations, there exist linearly diffusing
    trajectories. The underlying idea for\r\nboth examples is similar and consists
    in coupling a fixed degree of freedom with a large\r\nnumber of them. The procedure
    and analytical details are however significantly different. As\r\nmentioned, the
    construction in Part I is totally elementary while Part II is more involved, relying\r\nin
    particular on the theory of normally hyperbolic invariant manifolds, methods of
    generating\r\nfunctions, Aubry–Mather theory, and Mather’s variational methods."
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Jean
  full_name: Bourgain, Jean
  last_name: Bourgain
- first_name: Vadim
  full_name: Kaloshin, Vadim
  id: FE553552-CDE8-11E9-B324-C0EBE5697425
  last_name: Kaloshin
  orcid: 0000-0002-6051-2628
citation:
  ama: Bourgain J, Kaloshin V. On diffusion in high-dimensional Hamiltonian systems.
    <i>Journal of Functional Analysis</i>. 2005;229(1):1-61. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfa.2004.09.006">10.1016/j.jfa.2004.09.006</a>
  apa: Bourgain, J., &#38; Kaloshin, V. (2005). On diffusion in high-dimensional Hamiltonian
    systems. <i>Journal of Functional Analysis</i>. Elsevier. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfa.2004.09.006">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfa.2004.09.006</a>
  chicago: Bourgain, Jean, and Vadim Kaloshin. “On Diffusion in High-Dimensional Hamiltonian
    Systems.” <i>Journal of Functional Analysis</i>. Elsevier, 2005. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfa.2004.09.006">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfa.2004.09.006</a>.
  ieee: J. Bourgain and V. Kaloshin, “On diffusion in high-dimensional Hamiltonian
    systems,” <i>Journal of Functional Analysis</i>, vol. 229, no. 1. Elsevier, pp.
    1–61, 2005.
  ista: Bourgain J, Kaloshin V. 2005. On diffusion in high-dimensional Hamiltonian
    systems. Journal of Functional Analysis. 229(1), 1–61.
  mla: Bourgain, Jean, and Vadim Kaloshin. “On Diffusion in High-Dimensional Hamiltonian
    Systems.” <i>Journal of Functional Analysis</i>, vol. 229, no. 1, Elsevier, 2005,
    pp. 1–61, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfa.2004.09.006">10.1016/j.jfa.2004.09.006</a>.
  short: J. Bourgain, V. Kaloshin, Journal of Functional Analysis 229 (2005) 1–61.
date_created: 2020-09-18T10:49:06Z
date_published: 2005-12-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2021-01-12T08:19:49Z
day: '01'
doi: 10.1016/j.jfa.2004.09.006
extern: '1'
intvolume: '       229'
issue: '1'
keyword:
- Analysis
language:
- iso: eng
month: '12'
oa_version: None
page: 1-61
publication: Journal of Functional Analysis
publication_identifier:
  issn:
  - 0022-1236
publication_status: published
publisher: Elsevier
quality_controlled: '1'
status: public
title: On diffusion in high-dimensional Hamiltonian systems
type: journal_article
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 229
year: '2005'
...
---
_id: '877'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: "Sequence analysis of protein and mitochondrially encoded tRNA genes shows
    that substitutions\r\nproducing pathogenic effects in humans are often found in
    normal, healthy individuals from other species.\r\nAnalysis of stability of protein
    and tRNA structures shows that the disease-causing effects of pathogenic\r\nmutations
    can be neutralized by other, compensatory substitutions that restore the structural
    stability of the\r\nmolecule. Further study of such substitutions will, hopefully,
    lead to new methods for curing genetic dis-\r\neases that may be based on the
    correction of molecule stability as a whole instead of reversing an individual\r\npathogenic
    mutation."
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Fyodor
  full_name: Kondrashov, Fyodor
  id: 44FDEF62-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Kondrashov
  orcid: 0000-0001-8243-4694
citation:
  ama: Kondrashov F. The analysis of monomer sequences in protein and tRNA and the
    manifestation of the compensation of pathogenic deviations in their evolution.
    <i>Biofizika</i>. 2005;50(3):389-395.
  apa: Kondrashov, F. (2005). The analysis of monomer sequences in protein and tRNA
    and the manifestation of the compensation of pathogenic deviations in their evolution.
    <i>Biofizika</i>. Pleiades Publishing.
  chicago: Kondrashov, Fyodor. “The Analysis of Monomer Sequences in Protein and TRNA
    and the Manifestation of the Compensation of Pathogenic Deviations in Their Evolution.”
    <i>Biofizika</i>. Pleiades Publishing, 2005.
  ieee: F. Kondrashov, “The analysis of monomer sequences in protein and tRNA and
    the manifestation of the compensation of pathogenic deviations in their evolution,”
    <i>Biofizika</i>, vol. 50, no. 3. Pleiades Publishing, pp. 389–395, 2005.
  ista: Kondrashov F. 2005. The analysis of monomer sequences in protein and tRNA
    and the manifestation of the compensation of pathogenic deviations in their evolution.
    Biofizika. 50(3), 389–395.
  mla: Kondrashov, Fyodor. “The Analysis of Monomer Sequences in Protein and TRNA
    and the Manifestation of the Compensation of Pathogenic Deviations in Their Evolution.”
    <i>Biofizika</i>, vol. 50, no. 3, Pleiades Publishing, 2005, pp. 389–95.
  short: F. Kondrashov, Biofizika 50 (2005) 389–395.
date_created: 2018-12-11T11:48:58Z
date_published: 2005-05-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2021-01-12T08:21:01Z
day: '01'
extern: '1'
external_id:
  pmid:
  - '15977826'
intvolume: '        50'
issue: '3'
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- url: http://pleiades.online/abstract/biophys/5/biophys0349_abstract.pdf
month: '05'
oa_version: None
page: 389 - 395
pmid: 1
publication: Biofizika
publication_status: published
publisher: Pleiades Publishing
publist_id: '6769'
quality_controlled: '1'
status: public
title: The analysis of monomer sequences in protein and tRNA and the manifestation
  of the compensation of pathogenic deviations in their evolution
type: journal_article
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 50
year: '2005'
...
---
_id: '878'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: |
    Negative trade-offs are thought to be a pervasive phenomenon and to inhibit evolution at all levels. New evidence shows that at the molecular level, there may be no trade-offs preventing the emergence of an enzyme with multiple functions.
author:
- first_name: Fyodor
  full_name: Fyodor Kondrashov
  id: 44FDEF62-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Kondrashov
  orcid: 0000-0001-8243-4694
citation:
  ama: Kondrashov F. In search of the limits of evolution. <i>Nature Genetics</i>.
    2005;37(1):9-10. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/ng0105-9">10.1038/ng0105-9</a>
  apa: Kondrashov, F. (2005). In search of the limits of evolution. <i>Nature Genetics</i>.
    Nature Publishing Group. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/ng0105-9">https://doi.org/10.1038/ng0105-9</a>
  chicago: Kondrashov, Fyodor. “In Search of the Limits of Evolution.” <i>Nature Genetics</i>.
    Nature Publishing Group, 2005. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/ng0105-9">https://doi.org/10.1038/ng0105-9</a>.
  ieee: F. Kondrashov, “In search of the limits of evolution,” <i>Nature Genetics</i>,
    vol. 37, no. 1. Nature Publishing Group, pp. 9–10, 2005.
  ista: Kondrashov F. 2005. In search of the limits of evolution. Nature Genetics.
    37(1), 9–10.
  mla: Kondrashov, Fyodor. “In Search of the Limits of Evolution.” <i>Nature Genetics</i>,
    vol. 37, no. 1, Nature Publishing Group, 2005, pp. 9–10, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/ng0105-9">10.1038/ng0105-9</a>.
  short: F. Kondrashov, Nature Genetics 37 (2005) 9–10.
date_created: 2018-12-11T11:48:59Z
date_published: 2005-01-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2021-01-12T08:21:02Z
day: '01'
doi: 10.1038/ng0105-9
extern: 1
intvolume: '        37'
issue: '1'
month: '01'
page: 9 - 10
publication: Nature Genetics
publication_status: published
publisher: Nature Publishing Group
publist_id: '6770'
quality_controlled: 0
status: public
title: In search of the limits of evolution
type: journal_article
volume: 37
year: '2005'
...
---
_id: '880'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: Here, I describe a case of loss of the D-arm by mitochondrial cysteine tRNA
    in the nine-banded armadillo (Dasypus novemcinctus) convergent with mt tRNASer(AGY).
    Such evolution sheds light on the relationship between structure and function
    of tRNA molecules and its impact on the patterns of molecular evolution.
article_processing_charge: No
author:
- first_name: Fyodor
  full_name: Kondrashov, Fyodor
  id: 44FDEF62-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Kondrashov
  orcid: 0000-0001-8243-4694
citation:
  ama: Kondrashov F. The convergent evolution of the secondary structure of mitochondrial
    cysteine tRNA in the nine-banded armadillo Dasypus novemcinctus. <i>Biofizika</i>.
    2005;50(3):396-403.
  apa: Kondrashov, F. (2005). The convergent evolution of the secondary structure
    of mitochondrial cysteine tRNA in the nine-banded armadillo Dasypus novemcinctus.
    <i>Biofizika</i>. Pleiades Publishing.
  chicago: Kondrashov, Fyodor. “The Convergent Evolution of the Secondary Structure
    of Mitochondrial Cysteine TRNA in the Nine-Banded Armadillo Dasypus Novemcinctus.”
    <i>Biofizika</i>. Pleiades Publishing, 2005.
  ieee: F. Kondrashov, “The convergent evolution of the secondary structure of mitochondrial
    cysteine tRNA in the nine-banded armadillo Dasypus novemcinctus,” <i>Biofizika</i>,
    vol. 50, no. 3. Pleiades Publishing, pp. 396–403, 2005.
  ista: Kondrashov F. 2005. The convergent evolution of the secondary structure of
    mitochondrial cysteine tRNA in the nine-banded armadillo Dasypus novemcinctus.
    Biofizika. 50(3), 396–403.
  mla: Kondrashov, Fyodor. “The Convergent Evolution of the Secondary Structure of
    Mitochondrial Cysteine TRNA in the Nine-Banded Armadillo Dasypus Novemcinctus.”
    <i>Biofizika</i>, vol. 50, no. 3, Pleiades Publishing, 2005, pp. 396–403.
  short: F. Kondrashov, Biofizika 50 (2005) 396–403.
date_created: 2018-12-11T11:48:59Z
date_published: 2005-05-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2021-01-12T08:21:07Z
day: '01'
extern: '1'
external_id:
  pmid:
  - '15977827'
intvolume: '        50'
issue: '3'
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- url: http://pleiades.online/abstract/biophys/5/biophys0356_abstract.pdf
month: '05'
oa_version: None
page: 396 - 403
pmid: 1
publication: Biofizika
publication_status: published
publisher: Pleiades Publishing
publist_id: '6768'
quality_controlled: '1'
status: public
title: The convergent evolution of the secondary structure of mitochondrial cysteine
  tRNA in the nine-banded armadillo Dasypus novemcinctus
type: journal_article
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 50
year: '2005'
...
---
_id: '882'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: Some mutations in human mitochondrial tRNAs are severely pathogenic. The available
    computational methods have a poor record of predicting the impact of a tRNA mutation
    on the phenotype and fitness. Here patterns of evolution at tRNA sites that harbor
    pathogenic mutations and at sites that harbor phenotypically cryptic polymorphisms
    were compared. Mutations that are pathogenic to humans occupy more conservative
    sites, are only rarely fixed in closely related species, and, when located in
    stem structures, often disrupt Watson-Crick pairing and display signs of compensatory
    evolution. These observations make it possible to classify ∼90% of all known pathogenic
    mutations as deleterious together with only ∼30% of polymorphisms. These polymorphisms
    segregate at frequencies that are more than two times lower than frequencies of
    polymorphisms classified as benign, indicating that at least ∼30% of known polymorphisms
    in mitochondrial tRNAs affect fitness negatively.
acknowledgement: |
  The author thanks P. Andolfatto, D. Bachtrog, N. Esipova, S. Makeev, A. Kondrashov, V. Ramensky, V. Tumanyan and P. Vlasov for a critical reading of the manuscript. The author is an NSF Graduate Research Fellow. This work was supported by a Contract of the Russian Ministry of Science and Education (02.434.11.1008) and a grant on Molecular and Cellular Biology from RAS.
author:
- first_name: Fyodor
  full_name: Fyodor Kondrashov
  id: 44FDEF62-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Kondrashov
  orcid: 0000-0001-8243-4694
citation:
  ama: Kondrashov F. Prediction of pathogenic mutations in mitochondrially encoded
    human tRNAs. <i>Human Molecular Genetics</i>. 2005;14(16):2415-2419. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1093/hmg/ddi243">10.1093/hmg/ddi243</a>
  apa: Kondrashov, F. (2005). Prediction of pathogenic mutations in mitochondrially
    encoded human tRNAs. <i>Human Molecular Genetics</i>. Oxford University Press.
    <a href="https://doi.org/10.1093/hmg/ddi243">https://doi.org/10.1093/hmg/ddi243</a>
  chicago: Kondrashov, Fyodor. “Prediction of Pathogenic Mutations in Mitochondrially
    Encoded Human TRNAs.” <i>Human Molecular Genetics</i>. Oxford University Press,
    2005. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1093/hmg/ddi243">https://doi.org/10.1093/hmg/ddi243</a>.
  ieee: F. Kondrashov, “Prediction of pathogenic mutations in mitochondrially encoded
    human tRNAs,” <i>Human Molecular Genetics</i>, vol. 14, no. 16. Oxford University
    Press, pp. 2415–2419, 2005.
  ista: Kondrashov F. 2005. Prediction of pathogenic mutations in mitochondrially
    encoded human tRNAs. Human Molecular Genetics. 14(16), 2415–2419.
  mla: Kondrashov, Fyodor. “Prediction of Pathogenic Mutations in Mitochondrially
    Encoded Human TRNAs.” <i>Human Molecular Genetics</i>, vol. 14, no. 16, Oxford
    University Press, 2005, pp. 2415–19, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1093/hmg/ddi243">10.1093/hmg/ddi243</a>.
  short: F. Kondrashov, Human Molecular Genetics 14 (2005) 2415–2419.
date_created: 2018-12-11T11:49:00Z
date_published: 2005-08-15T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2021-01-12T08:21:10Z
day: '15'
doi: 10.1093/hmg/ddi243
extern: 1
intvolume: '        14'
issue: '16'
month: '08'
page: 2415 - 2419
publication: Human Molecular Genetics
publication_status: published
publisher: Oxford University Press
publist_id: '6767'
quality_controlled: 0
status: public
title: Prediction of pathogenic mutations in mitochondrially encoded human tRNAs
type: journal_article
volume: 14
year: '2005'
...
---
_id: '893'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: Amino acid composition of proteins varies substantially between taxa and,
    thus, can evolve. For example, proteins from organisms with (G+C)-rich (or (A+T)-rich)
    genomes contain more (or fewer) amino acids encoded by (G+C)-rich codons. However,
    no universal trends in ongoing changes of amino acid frequencies have been reported.
    We compared sets of orthologous proteins encoded by triplets of closely related
    genomes from 15 taxa representing all three domains of life (Bacteria, Archaea
    and Eukaryota), and used phylogenies to polarize amino acid substitutions. Cys,
    Met, His, Ser and Phe accrue in at least 14 taxa, whereas Pro, Ala, Glu and Gly
    are consistently lost. The same nine amino acids are currently accrued or lost
    in human proteins, as shown by analysis of non-synonymous single-nucleotide polymorphisms.
    All amino acids with declining frequencies are thought to be among the first incorporated
    into the genetic code; conversely, all amino acids with increasing frequencies,
    except Ser, were probably recruited late. Thus, expansion of initially under-represented
    amino acids, which began over 3,400 million years ago, apparently continues to
    this day.
acknowledgement: S.S. and I.A.A. were supported by the Genome Canada Foundation.
author:
- first_name: Ingo
  full_name: Jordan, Ingo K
  last_name: Jordan
- first_name: Fyodor
  full_name: Fyodor Kondrashov
  id: 44FDEF62-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Kondrashov
  orcid: 0000-0001-8243-4694
- first_name: Ivan
  full_name: Adzhubeǐ, Ivan A
  last_name: Adzhubeǐ
- first_name: Yuri
  full_name: Wolf, Yuri I
  last_name: Wolf
- first_name: Eugene
  full_name: Koonin, Eugene V
  last_name: Koonin
- first_name: Alexey
  full_name: Kondrashov, Alexey S
  last_name: Kondrashov
- first_name: Shamil
  full_name: Sunyaev, Shamil R
  last_name: Sunyaev
citation:
  ama: Jordan I, Kondrashov F, Adzhubeǐ I, et al. A universal trend of amino acid
    gain and loss in protein evolution. <i>Nature</i>. 2005;433(7026):633-638. doi:<a
    href="https://doi.org/10.1038/nature03306">10.1038/nature03306</a>
  apa: Jordan, I., Kondrashov, F., Adzhubeǐ, I., Wolf, Y., Koonin, E., Kondrashov,
    A., &#38; Sunyaev, S. (2005). A universal trend of amino acid gain and loss in
    protein evolution. <i>Nature</i>. Nature Publishing Group. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/nature03306">https://doi.org/10.1038/nature03306</a>
  chicago: Jordan, Ingo, Fyodor Kondrashov, Ivan Adzhubeǐ, Yuri Wolf, Eugene Koonin,
    Alexey Kondrashov, and Shamil Sunyaev. “A Universal Trend of Amino Acid Gain and
    Loss in Protein Evolution.” <i>Nature</i>. Nature Publishing Group, 2005. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/nature03306">https://doi.org/10.1038/nature03306</a>.
  ieee: I. Jordan <i>et al.</i>, “A universal trend of amino acid gain and loss in
    protein evolution,” <i>Nature</i>, vol. 433, no. 7026. Nature Publishing Group,
    pp. 633–638, 2005.
  ista: Jordan I, Kondrashov F, Adzhubeǐ I, Wolf Y, Koonin E, Kondrashov A, Sunyaev
    S. 2005. A universal trend of amino acid gain and loss in protein evolution. Nature.
    433(7026), 633–638.
  mla: Jordan, Ingo, et al. “A Universal Trend of Amino Acid Gain and Loss in Protein
    Evolution.” <i>Nature</i>, vol. 433, no. 7026, Nature Publishing Group, 2005,
    pp. 633–38, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/nature03306">10.1038/nature03306</a>.
  short: I. Jordan, F. Kondrashov, I. Adzhubeǐ, Y. Wolf, E. Koonin, A. Kondrashov,
    S. Sunyaev, Nature 433 (2005) 633–638.
date_created: 2018-12-11T11:49:03Z
date_published: 2005-02-10T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2021-01-12T08:21:23Z
day: '10'
doi: 10.1038/nature03306
extern: 1
intvolume: '       433'
issue: '7026'
month: '02'
page: 633 - 638
publication: Nature
publication_status: published
publisher: Nature Publishing Group
publist_id: '6757'
quality_controlled: 0
status: public
title: A universal trend of amino acid gain and loss in protein evolution
type: journal_article
volume: 433
year: '2005'
...
---
_id: '8028'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: 'Transmission of signals within the brain is essential for cognitive function,
    but it is not clear how neural circuits support reliable and accurate signal propagation
    over a sufficiently large dynamic range. Two modes of propagation have been studied:
    synfire chains, in which synchronous activity travels through feedforward layers
    of a neuronal network, and the propagation of fluctuations in firing rate across
    these layers. In both cases, a sufficient amount of noise, which was added to
    previous models from an external source, had to be included to support stable
    propagation. Sparse, randomly connected networks of spiking model neurons can
    generate chaotic patterns of activity. We investigate whether this activity, which
    is a more realistic noise source, is sufficient to allow for signal transmission.
    We find that, for rate-coded signals but not for synfire chains, such networks
    support robust and accurate signal reproduction through up to six layers if appropriate
    adjustments are made in synaptic strengths. We investigate the factors affecting
    transmission and show that multiple signals can propagate simultaneously along
    different pathways. Using this feature, we show how different types of logic gates
    can arise within the architecture of the random network through the strengthening
    of specific synapses.'
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Tim P
  full_name: Vogels, Tim P
  id: CB6FF8D2-008F-11EA-8E08-2637E6697425
  last_name: Vogels
  orcid: 0000-0003-3295-6181
- first_name: L. F.
  full_name: Abbott, L. F.
  last_name: Abbott
citation:
  ama: Vogels TP, Abbott LF. Signal propagation and logic gating in networks of integrate-and-fire
    neurons. <i>Journal of Neuroscience</i>. 2005;25(46):10786-10795. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1523/jneurosci.3508-05.2005">10.1523/jneurosci.3508-05.2005</a>
  apa: Vogels, T. P., &#38; Abbott, L. F. (2005). Signal propagation and logic gating
    in networks of integrate-and-fire neurons. <i>Journal of Neuroscience</i>. Society
    for Neuroscience. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1523/jneurosci.3508-05.2005">https://doi.org/10.1523/jneurosci.3508-05.2005</a>
  chicago: Vogels, Tim P, and L. F. Abbott. “Signal Propagation and Logic Gating in
    Networks of Integrate-and-Fire Neurons.” <i>Journal of Neuroscience</i>. Society
    for Neuroscience, 2005. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1523/jneurosci.3508-05.2005">https://doi.org/10.1523/jneurosci.3508-05.2005</a>.
  ieee: T. P. Vogels and L. F. Abbott, “Signal propagation and logic gating in networks
    of integrate-and-fire neurons,” <i>Journal of Neuroscience</i>, vol. 25, no. 46.
    Society for Neuroscience, pp. 10786–10795, 2005.
  ista: Vogels TP, Abbott LF. 2005. Signal propagation and logic gating in networks
    of integrate-and-fire neurons. Journal of Neuroscience. 25(46), 10786–10795.
  mla: Vogels, Tim P., and L. F. Abbott. “Signal Propagation and Logic Gating in Networks
    of Integrate-and-Fire Neurons.” <i>Journal of Neuroscience</i>, vol. 25, no. 46,
    Society for Neuroscience, 2005, pp. 10786–95, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1523/jneurosci.3508-05.2005">10.1523/jneurosci.3508-05.2005</a>.
  short: T.P. Vogels, L.F. Abbott, Journal of Neuroscience 25 (2005) 10786–10795.
date_created: 2020-06-25T13:12:33Z
date_published: 2005-11-16T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2021-01-12T08:16:37Z
day: '16'
doi: 10.1523/jneurosci.3508-05.2005
extern: '1'
external_id:
  pmid:
  - '16291952'
intvolume: '        25'
issue: '46'
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
  url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6725859/
month: '11'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
page: 10786-10795
pmid: 1
publication: Journal of Neuroscience
publication_identifier:
  issn:
  - 0270-6474
  - 1529-2401
publication_status: published
publisher: Society for Neuroscience
quality_controlled: '1'
status: public
title: Signal propagation and logic gating in networks of integrate-and-fire neurons
type: journal_article
user_id: D865714E-FA4E-11E9-B85B-F5C5E5697425
volume: 25
year: '2005'
...
---
_id: '8029'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: 'Neural network modeling is often concerned with stimulus-driven responses,
    but most of the activity in the brain is internally generated. Here, we review
    network models of internally generated activity, focusing on three types of network
    dynamics: (a) sustained responses to transient stimuli, which provide a model
    of working memory; (b) oscillatory network activity; and (c) chaotic activity,
    which models complex patterns of background spiking in cortical and other circuits.
    We also review propagation of stimulus-driven activity through spontaneously active
    networks. Exploring these aspects of neural network dynamics is critical for understanding
    how neural circuits produce cognitive function.'
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: review
author:
- first_name: Tim P
  full_name: Vogels, Tim P
  id: CB6FF8D2-008F-11EA-8E08-2637E6697425
  last_name: Vogels
  orcid: 0000-0003-3295-6181
- first_name: Kanaka
  full_name: Rajan, Kanaka
  last_name: Rajan
- first_name: L.F.
  full_name: Abbott, L.F.
  last_name: Abbott
citation:
  ama: Vogels TP, Rajan K, Abbott LF. Neural network dynamics. <i>Annual Review of
    Neuroscience</i>. 2005;28(1):357-376. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.neuro.28.061604.135637">10.1146/annurev.neuro.28.061604.135637</a>
  apa: Vogels, T. P., Rajan, K., &#38; Abbott, L. F. (2005). Neural network dynamics.
    <i>Annual Review of Neuroscience</i>. Annual Reviews. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.neuro.28.061604.135637">https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.neuro.28.061604.135637</a>
  chicago: Vogels, Tim P, Kanaka Rajan, and L.F. Abbott. “Neural Network Dynamics.”
    <i>Annual Review of Neuroscience</i>. Annual Reviews, 2005. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.neuro.28.061604.135637">https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.neuro.28.061604.135637</a>.
  ieee: T. P. Vogels, K. Rajan, and L. F. Abbott, “Neural network dynamics,” <i>Annual
    Review of Neuroscience</i>, vol. 28, no. 1. Annual Reviews, pp. 357–376, 2005.
  ista: Vogels TP, Rajan K, Abbott LF. 2005. Neural network dynamics. Annual Review
    of Neuroscience. 28(1), 357–376.
  mla: Vogels, Tim P., et al. “Neural Network Dynamics.” <i>Annual Review of Neuroscience</i>,
    vol. 28, no. 1, Annual Reviews, 2005, pp. 357–76, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.neuro.28.061604.135637">10.1146/annurev.neuro.28.061604.135637</a>.
  short: T.P. Vogels, K. Rajan, L.F. Abbott, Annual Review of Neuroscience 28 (2005)
    357–376.
date_created: 2020-06-25T13:13:11Z
date_published: 2005-07-21T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2021-01-12T08:16:37Z
day: '21'
doi: 10.1146/annurev.neuro.28.061604.135637
extern: '1'
external_id:
  pmid:
  - '16022600'
intvolume: '        28'
issue: '1'
language:
- iso: eng
month: '07'
oa_version: None
page: 357-376
pmid: 1
publication: Annual Review of Neuroscience
publication_identifier:
  issn:
  - 0147-006X
  - 1545-4126
publication_status: published
publisher: Annual Reviews
quality_controlled: '1'
status: public
title: Neural network dynamics
type: journal_article
user_id: D865714E-FA4E-11E9-B85B-F5C5E5697425
volume: 28
year: '2005'
...
---
_id: '1740'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: 'A systematic study of the morphology of self-organized islands in the InAs/GaAs(0
    0 1) and Ge/Si(0 0 1) systems is presented, based on high-resolution scanning
    tunneling microscopy measurements. We demonstrate that in both cases two main
    island families coexist: smaller pyramids bound by one type of shallow facets
    and larger multifaceted domes. Their structure and facet orientation are precisely
    determined, thus solving a highly debated argument in the case of InAs/GaAs(0
    0 1). The comparison between the two material systems reveals the existence of
    striking similarities that extend even to the nature of island precursors and
    to the islands that form when depositing InGaAs or GeSi alloys. The implications
    of these observations on a possible universal description of the Stranski-Krastanow
    growth mode are discussed with respect to recent theoretical results.'
author:
- first_name: Giovanni
  full_name: Costantini, Giovanni
  last_name: Costantini
- first_name: Armando
  full_name: Rastelli, Armando
  last_name: Rastelli
- first_name: Carlos
  full_name: Manzano, Carlos
  last_name: Manzano
- first_name: P
  full_name: Acosta-Diaz, P
  last_name: Acosta Diaz
- first_name: Georgios
  full_name: Georgios Katsaros
  id: 38DB5788-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Katsaros
- first_name: Rudeeson
  full_name: Songmuang, Rudeeson
  last_name: Songmuang
- first_name: Oliver
  full_name: Schmidt, Oliver G
  last_name: Schmidt
- first_name: Hans
  full_name: Von Känel, Hans
  last_name: Von Känel
- first_name: Klaus
  full_name: Kern, Klaus
  last_name: Kern
citation:
  ama: Costantini G, Rastelli A, Manzano C, et al. Pyramids and domes in the InAs/GaAs
    (0 0 1) and Ge/Si (0 0 1) systems. <i>Journal of Crystal Growth</i>. 2005;278(1-4):38-45.
    doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2004.12.047">10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2004.12.047</a>
  apa: Costantini, G., Rastelli, A., Manzano, C., Acosta Diaz, P., Katsaros, G., Songmuang,
    R., … Kern, K. (2005). Pyramids and domes in the InAs/GaAs (0 0 1) and Ge/Si (0
    0 1) systems. <i>Journal of Crystal Growth</i>. Elsevier. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2004.12.047">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2004.12.047</a>
  chicago: Costantini, Giovanni, Armando Rastelli, Carlos Manzano, P Acosta Diaz,
    Georgios Katsaros, Rudeeson Songmuang, Oliver Schmidt, Hans Von Känel, and Klaus
    Kern. “Pyramids and Domes in the InAs/GaAs (0 0 1) and Ge/Si (0 0 1) Systems.”
    <i>Journal of Crystal Growth</i>. Elsevier, 2005. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2004.12.047">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2004.12.047</a>.
  ieee: G. Costantini <i>et al.</i>, “Pyramids and domes in the InAs/GaAs (0 0 1)
    and Ge/Si (0 0 1) systems,” <i>Journal of Crystal Growth</i>, vol. 278, no. 1–4.
    Elsevier, pp. 38–45, 2005.
  ista: Costantini G, Rastelli A, Manzano C, Acosta Diaz P, Katsaros G, Songmuang
    R, Schmidt O, Von Känel H, Kern K. 2005. Pyramids and domes in the InAs/GaAs (0
    0 1) and Ge/Si (0 0 1) systems. Journal of Crystal Growth. 278(1–4), 38–45.
  mla: Costantini, Giovanni, et al. “Pyramids and Domes in the InAs/GaAs (0 0 1) and
    Ge/Si (0 0 1) Systems.” <i>Journal of Crystal Growth</i>, vol. 278, no. 1–4, Elsevier,
    2005, pp. 38–45, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2004.12.047">10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2004.12.047</a>.
  short: G. Costantini, A. Rastelli, C. Manzano, P. Acosta Diaz, G. Katsaros, R. Songmuang,
    O. Schmidt, H. Von Känel, K. Kern, Journal of Crystal Growth 278 (2005) 38–45.
date_created: 2018-12-11T11:53:45Z
date_published: 2005-05-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2021-01-12T06:52:54Z
day: '01'
doi: 10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2004.12.047
extern: 1
intvolume: '       278'
issue: 1-4
month: '05'
page: 38 - 45
publication: Journal of Crystal Growth
publication_status: published
publisher: Elsevier
publist_id: '5384'
quality_controlled: 0
status: public
title: Pyramids and domes in the InAs/GaAs (0 0 1) and Ge/Si (0 0 1) systems
type: journal_article
volume: 278
year: '2005'
...
---
_id: '1741'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: SiGe islands move laterally on a Si(001) substrate during in situ postgrowth
    annealing. This surprising behavior is revealed by an analysis of the substrate
    surface morphology after island removal using wet chemical etching. We explain
    the island motion by asymmetric surface-mediated alloying. Material leaves one
    side of the island by surface diffusion, and mixes with additional Si from the
    surrounding surface as it redeposits on the other side. Thus the island moves
    laterally while becoming larger and more dilute.
acknowledgement: The work was supported by the BMBF (03N8711)
author:
- first_name: Ulrich
  full_name: Denker, Ulrich
  last_name: Denker
- first_name: Armando
  full_name: Rastelli, Armando
  last_name: Rastelli
- first_name: Mathieu
  full_name: Stoffel, Mathieu
  last_name: Stoffel
- first_name: Jerry
  full_name: Tersoff, Jerry
  last_name: Tersoff
- first_name: Georgios
  full_name: Georgios Katsaros
  id: 38DB5788-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Katsaros
- first_name: Giovanni
  full_name: Costantini, Giovanni
  last_name: Costantini
- first_name: Klaus
  full_name: Kern, Klaus
  last_name: Kern
- first_name: Neng
  full_name: Jin-Phillipp, Neng Y
  last_name: Jin Phillipp
- first_name: David
  full_name: Jesson, David E
  last_name: Jesson
- first_name: Oliver
  full_name: Schmidt, Oliver G
  last_name: Schmidt
citation:
  ama: Denker U, Rastelli A, Stoffel M, et al. Lateral motion of SiGe islands driven
    by surface-mediated alloying. <i>Physical Review Letters</i>. 2005;94(21). doi:<a
    href="https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.94.216103">10.1103/PhysRevLett.94.216103</a>
  apa: Denker, U., Rastelli, A., Stoffel, M., Tersoff, J., Katsaros, G., Costantini,
    G., … Schmidt, O. (2005). Lateral motion of SiGe islands driven by surface-mediated
    alloying. <i>Physical Review Letters</i>. American Physical Society. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.94.216103">https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.94.216103</a>
  chicago: Denker, Ulrich, Armando Rastelli, Mathieu Stoffel, Jerry Tersoff, Georgios
    Katsaros, Giovanni Costantini, Klaus Kern, Neng Jin Phillipp, David Jesson, and
    Oliver Schmidt. “Lateral Motion of SiGe Islands Driven by Surface-Mediated Alloying.”
    <i>Physical Review Letters</i>. American Physical Society, 2005. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.94.216103">https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.94.216103</a>.
  ieee: U. Denker <i>et al.</i>, “Lateral motion of SiGe islands driven by surface-mediated
    alloying,” <i>Physical Review Letters</i>, vol. 94, no. 21. American Physical
    Society, 2005.
  ista: Denker U, Rastelli A, Stoffel M, Tersoff J, Katsaros G, Costantini G, Kern
    K, Jin Phillipp N, Jesson D, Schmidt O. 2005. Lateral motion of SiGe islands driven
    by surface-mediated alloying. Physical Review Letters. 94(21).
  mla: Denker, Ulrich, et al. “Lateral Motion of SiGe Islands Driven by Surface-Mediated
    Alloying.” <i>Physical Review Letters</i>, vol. 94, no. 21, American Physical
    Society, 2005, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.94.216103">10.1103/PhysRevLett.94.216103</a>.
  short: U. Denker, A. Rastelli, M. Stoffel, J. Tersoff, G. Katsaros, G. Costantini,
    K. Kern, N. Jin Phillipp, D. Jesson, O. Schmidt, Physical Review Letters 94 (2005).
date_created: 2018-12-11T11:53:46Z
date_published: 2005-06-03T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2021-01-12T06:52:54Z
day: '03'
doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.94.216103
extern: 1
intvolume: '        94'
issue: '21'
month: '06'
publication: Physical Review Letters
publication_status: published
publisher: American Physical Society
publist_id: '5383'
quality_controlled: 0
status: public
title: Lateral motion of SiGe islands driven by surface-mediated alloying
type: journal_article
volume: 94
year: '2005'
...
---
_id: '1742'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: The effects of substrate temperature, growth rate, and postgrowth annealing
    on the composition of Ge islands grown on Si(001) were investigated with a combination
    of selective wet chemical etching and atomic force microscopy. A simple kinetic
    model comprising only surface diffusion processes can explain all the experimentally
    observed compositional profiles for pyramid and dome islands grown in the 560-620°C
    range. From this model three-dimensional compositional maps were extracted. By
    performing annealing experiments a change in the composition of the domes was
    observed. This could be explained as the result of the islands' movement induced
    by alloying-driven energy minimization. Also in this case kinetically hindered
    bulk diffusion processes are not needed to explain the experimental observations.
acknowledgement: G. K. acknowledges the financial support of DAAD (Deutscher Akademischer
  Austausch Dienst)
author:
- first_name: Georgios
  full_name: Georgios Katsaros
  id: 38DB5788-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Katsaros
- first_name: Giovanni
  full_name: Costantini, Giovanni
  last_name: Costantini
- first_name: Mathieu
  full_name: Stoffel, Mathieu
  last_name: Stoffel
- first_name: Rubén
  full_name: Esteban, Rubén
  last_name: Esteban
- first_name: Alexander
  full_name: Bittner, Alexander M
  last_name: Bittner
- first_name: Armando
  full_name: Rastelli, Armando
  last_name: Rastelli
- first_name: Ulrich
  full_name: Denker, Ulrich
  last_name: Denker
- first_name: Oliver
  full_name: Schmidt, Oliver G
  last_name: Schmidt
- first_name: Klaus
  full_name: Kern, Klaus
  last_name: Kern
citation:
  ama: Katsaros G, Costantini G, Stoffel M, et al. Kinetic origin of island intermixing
    during the growth of Ge on Si (001). <i>Physical Review B - Condensed Matter and
    Materials Physics</i>. 2005;72(19). doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.72.195320">10.1103/PhysRevB.72.195320</a>
  apa: Katsaros, G., Costantini, G., Stoffel, M., Esteban, R., Bittner, A., Rastelli,
    A., … Kern, K. (2005). Kinetic origin of island intermixing during the growth
    of Ge on Si (001). <i>Physical Review B - Condensed Matter and Materials Physics</i>.
    American Physical Society. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.72.195320">https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.72.195320</a>
  chicago: Katsaros, Georgios, Giovanni Costantini, Mathieu Stoffel, Rubén Esteban,
    Alexander Bittner, Armando Rastelli, Ulrich Denker, Oliver Schmidt, and Klaus
    Kern. “Kinetic Origin of Island Intermixing during the Growth of Ge on Si (001).”
    <i>Physical Review B - Condensed Matter and Materials Physics</i>. American Physical
    Society, 2005. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.72.195320">https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.72.195320</a>.
  ieee: G. Katsaros <i>et al.</i>, “Kinetic origin of island intermixing during the
    growth of Ge on Si (001),” <i>Physical Review B - Condensed Matter and Materials
    Physics</i>, vol. 72, no. 19. American Physical Society, 2005.
  ista: Katsaros G, Costantini G, Stoffel M, Esteban R, Bittner A, Rastelli A, Denker
    U, Schmidt O, Kern K. 2005. Kinetic origin of island intermixing during the growth
    of Ge on Si (001). Physical Review B - Condensed Matter and Materials Physics.
    72(19).
  mla: Katsaros, Georgios, et al. “Kinetic Origin of Island Intermixing during the
    Growth of Ge on Si (001).” <i>Physical Review B - Condensed Matter and Materials
    Physics</i>, vol. 72, no. 19, American Physical Society, 2005, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.72.195320">10.1103/PhysRevB.72.195320</a>.
  short: G. Katsaros, G. Costantini, M. Stoffel, R. Esteban, A. Bittner, A. Rastelli,
    U. Denker, O. Schmidt, K. Kern, Physical Review B - Condensed Matter and Materials
    Physics 72 (2005).
date_created: 2018-12-11T11:53:46Z
date_published: 2005-11-15T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2021-01-12T06:52:55Z
day: '15'
doi: 10.1103/PhysRevB.72.195320
extern: 1
intvolume: '        72'
issue: '19'
month: '11'
publication: Physical Review B - Condensed Matter and Materials Physics
publication_status: published
publisher: American Physical Society
publist_id: '5382'
quality_controlled: 0
status: public
title: Kinetic origin of island intermixing during the growth of Ge on Si (001)
type: journal_article
volume: 72
year: '2005'
...
---
_id: '1743'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: Laterally aligned multilayer GeSiSi islands grown on a patterned Si (001)
    substrate are disclosed by selective etching of Si in a KOH solution. This procedure
    allows us to visualize the vertical alignment of the islands in a three-dimensional
    perspective. Our technique reveals that partly coalesced double islands in the
    initial layer do not merge together, but instead gradually reproduce into well-separated
    double islands in upper layers. We attribute this effect to very thin spacer layers,
    which efficiently transfer the strain modulation of each island through the spacer
    layer to the surface. The etching rate of Si is reduced in tensile strained regions,
    which helps to preserve sufficient Si between the stacked islands to form a periodic
    array of freestanding and vertically modulated heterostructure pillars.
acknowledgement: This work was supported by the BMBF (03N8711) and the EU NOE SANDiE
author:
- first_name: Zheyang
  full_name: Zhong, Zheyang
  last_name: Zhong
- first_name: Georgios
  full_name: Georgios Katsaros
  id: 38DB5788-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Katsaros
- first_name: Mathieu
  full_name: Stoffel, Mathieu
  last_name: Stoffel
- first_name: Giovanni
  full_name: Costantini, Giovanni
  last_name: Costantini
- first_name: Klaus
  full_name: Kern, Klaus
  last_name: Kern
- first_name: Oliver
  full_name: Schmidt, Oliver G
  last_name: Schmidt
- first_name: Neng
  full_name: Jin-Phillipp, Neng Y
  last_name: Jin Phillipp
- first_name: Günther
  full_name: Bauer, Günther
  last_name: Bauer
citation:
  ama: Zhong Z, Katsaros G, Stoffel M, et al. Periodic pillar structures by Si etching
    of multilayer GeSi/Si islands. <i>Applied Physics Letters</i>. 2005;87(26):1-3.
    doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1063/1.2150278">10.1063/1.2150278</a>
  apa: Zhong, Z., Katsaros, G., Stoffel, M., Costantini, G., Kern, K., Schmidt, O.,
    … Bauer, G. (2005). Periodic pillar structures by Si etching of multilayer GeSi/Si
    islands. <i>Applied Physics Letters</i>. American Institute of Physics. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1063/1.2150278">https://doi.org/10.1063/1.2150278</a>
  chicago: Zhong, Zheyang, Georgios Katsaros, Mathieu Stoffel, Giovanni Costantini,
    Klaus Kern, Oliver Schmidt, Neng Jin Phillipp, and Günther Bauer. “Periodic Pillar
    Structures by Si Etching of Multilayer GeSi/Si Islands.” <i>Applied Physics Letters</i>.
    American Institute of Physics, 2005. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1063/1.2150278">https://doi.org/10.1063/1.2150278</a>.
  ieee: Z. Zhong <i>et al.</i>, “Periodic pillar structures by Si etching of multilayer
    GeSi/Si islands,” <i>Applied Physics Letters</i>, vol. 87, no. 26. American Institute
    of Physics, pp. 1–3, 2005.
  ista: Zhong Z, Katsaros G, Stoffel M, Costantini G, Kern K, Schmidt O, Jin Phillipp
    N, Bauer G. 2005. Periodic pillar structures by Si etching of multilayer GeSi/Si
    islands. Applied Physics Letters. 87(26), 1–3.
  mla: Zhong, Zheyang, et al. “Periodic Pillar Structures by Si Etching of Multilayer
    GeSi/Si Islands.” <i>Applied Physics Letters</i>, vol. 87, no. 26, American Institute
    of Physics, 2005, pp. 1–3, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1063/1.2150278">10.1063/1.2150278</a>.
  short: Z. Zhong, G. Katsaros, M. Stoffel, G. Costantini, K. Kern, O. Schmidt, N.
    Jin Phillipp, G. Bauer, Applied Physics Letters 87 (2005) 1–3.
date_created: 2018-12-11T11:53:46Z
date_published: 2005-01-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2021-01-12T06:52:55Z
day: '01'
doi: 10.1063/1.2150278
extern: 1
intvolume: '        87'
issue: '26'
month: '01'
page: 1 - 3
publication: Applied Physics Letters
publication_status: published
publisher: American Institute of Physics
publist_id: '5381'
quality_controlled: 0
status: public
title: Periodic pillar structures by Si etching of multilayer GeSi/Si islands
type: journal_article
volume: 87
year: '2005'
...
---
_id: '1744'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: This paper presents optical duobinary and dicode signalling, as alternatives
    to the binary format, in order to improve the transmission performance in the
    presense of non-linear effects in a dense wavelength division multiplex (WDM)
    optical system. Duobinary signalling is applied to an optical system to explore
    the reduction of stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) effects. Duobinary signalling
    suppresses the SBS effects, and an eye-opening improvement of 0.25 to 1.2 dB is
    achieved relative to binary transmission over a range of input power levels. An
    experimental study demonstrates that duobinary modulation suppresses the four
    wave mixing (FWM) products of a dense WDM system by a maximum of 3 dB. The suppression
    is maintained over a range of channel spacings. An investigation of the impact
    of fibre dispersion on FWM products under binary, duobinary and dicode modulation
    in a dense WDM system is then performed, with interchannel spacing and optical
    power variation. This leads to the development of a set of guidelines for the
    application areas, in which it is appropriate to use duobinary or dicode modulation
    in WDM systems as a means of mitigating the impact of FWM.
acknowledgement: IET
author:
- first_name: Georgios
  full_name: Georgios Katsaros
  id: 38DB5788-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Katsaros
- first_name: Izzat
  full_name: Darwazeh, Izzat Z
  last_name: Darwazeh
- first_name: Phil
  full_name: Lane, Phil M
  last_name: Lane
citation:
  ama: Katsaros G, Darwazeh I, Lane P. Non linear transmission effects in duobinary
    and dicode optical systems. <i>IEE Proceedings - Optoelectronics</i>. 2005;152(6):344-352.
    doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1049/ip-opt:20045067">10.1049/ip-opt:20045067</a>
  apa: Katsaros, G., Darwazeh, I., &#38; Lane, P. (2005). Non linear transmission
    effects in duobinary and dicode optical systems. <i>IEE Proceedings - Optoelectronics</i>.
    Institute of Electrical Engineers. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1049/ip-opt:20045067">https://doi.org/10.1049/ip-opt:20045067</a>
  chicago: Katsaros, Georgios, Izzat Darwazeh, and Phil Lane. “Non Linear Transmission
    Effects in Duobinary and Dicode Optical Systems.” <i>IEE Proceedings - Optoelectronics</i>.
    Institute of Electrical Engineers, 2005. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1049/ip-opt:20045067">https://doi.org/10.1049/ip-opt:20045067</a>.
  ieee: G. Katsaros, I. Darwazeh, and P. Lane, “Non linear transmission effects in
    duobinary and dicode optical systems,” <i>IEE Proceedings - Optoelectronics</i>,
    vol. 152, no. 6. Institute of Electrical Engineers, pp. 344–352, 2005.
  ista: Katsaros G, Darwazeh I, Lane P. 2005. Non linear transmission effects in duobinary
    and dicode optical systems. IEE Proceedings - Optoelectronics. 152(6), 344–352.
  mla: Katsaros, Georgios, et al. “Non Linear Transmission Effects in Duobinary and
    Dicode Optical Systems.” <i>IEE Proceedings - Optoelectronics</i>, vol. 152, no.
    6, Institute of Electrical Engineers, 2005, pp. 344–52, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1049/ip-opt:20045067">10.1049/ip-opt:20045067</a>.
  short: G. Katsaros, I. Darwazeh, P. Lane, IEE Proceedings - Optoelectronics 152
    (2005) 344–352.
date_created: 2018-12-11T11:53:46Z
date_published: 2005-12-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2021-01-12T06:52:55Z
day: '01'
doi: 10.1049/ip-opt:20045067
extern: 1
intvolume: '       152'
issue: '6'
month: '12'
page: 344 - 352
publication: IEE Proceedings - Optoelectronics
publication_status: published
publisher: Institute of Electrical Engineers
publist_id: '5380'
quality_controlled: 0
status: public
title: Non linear transmission effects in duobinary and dicode optical systems
type: journal_article
volume: 152
year: '2005'
...
---
_id: '1795'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: 'Background: Murine leukemia virus (MLV) vector particles can be pseudotyped
    with a truncated variant of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) envelope
    protein (Env) and selectively target gene transfer to human cells expressing both
    CD4 and an appropriate co-receptor. Vector transduction mimics the HIV-1 entry
    process and is therefore a safe tool to study HIV-1 entry. Results: Using FLY
    cells, which express the MLV gag and pol genes, we generated stable producer cell
    lines that express the HIV-1 envelope gene and a retroviral vector genome encoding
    the green fluorescent protein (GFP). The BH10 or 89.6 P HIV-1 Env was expressed
    from a bicistronic vector which allowed the rapid selection of stable cell lines.
    A codon-usage-optimized synthetic env gene permitted high, Rev-independent Env
    expression. Vectors generated by these producer cells displayed different sensitivity
    to entry inhibitors. Conclusion: These data illustrate that MLV/HIV-1 vectors
    are a valuable screening system for entry inhibitors or neutralizing antisera
    generated by vaccines.'
author:
- first_name: Sandra
  full_name: Sandra Siegert
  id: 36ACD32E-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Siegert
  orcid: 0000-0001-8635-0877
- first_name: Sonja
  full_name: Thaler, Sonja
  last_name: Thaler
- first_name: Ralf
  full_name: Wagner, Ralf
  last_name: Wagner
- first_name: Barbara
  full_name: Schnierle, Barbara S
  last_name: Schnierle
citation:
  ama: Siegert S, Thaler S, Wagner R, Schnierle B. Assessment of HIV-1 entry inhibitors
    by MLV/HIV-1 pseudotyped vectors. <i>AIDS Research and Therapy</i>. 2005;2(1).
    doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1186/1742-6405-2-7">10.1186/1742-6405-2-7</a>
  apa: Siegert, S., Thaler, S., Wagner, R., &#38; Schnierle, B. (2005). Assessment
    of HIV-1 entry inhibitors by MLV/HIV-1 pseudotyped vectors. <i>AIDS Research and
    Therapy</i>. BioMed Central. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1186/1742-6405-2-7">https://doi.org/10.1186/1742-6405-2-7</a>
  chicago: Siegert, Sandra, Sonja Thaler, Ralf Wagner, and Barbara Schnierle. “Assessment
    of HIV-1 Entry Inhibitors by MLV/HIV-1 Pseudotyped Vectors.” <i>AIDS Research
    and Therapy</i>. BioMed Central, 2005. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1186/1742-6405-2-7">https://doi.org/10.1186/1742-6405-2-7</a>.
  ieee: S. Siegert, S. Thaler, R. Wagner, and B. Schnierle, “Assessment of HIV-1 entry
    inhibitors by MLV/HIV-1 pseudotyped vectors,” <i>AIDS Research and Therapy</i>,
    vol. 2, no. 1. BioMed Central, 2005.
  ista: Siegert S, Thaler S, Wagner R, Schnierle B. 2005. Assessment of HIV-1 entry
    inhibitors by MLV/HIV-1 pseudotyped vectors. AIDS Research and Therapy. 2(1).
  mla: Siegert, Sandra, et al. “Assessment of HIV-1 Entry Inhibitors by MLV/HIV-1
    Pseudotyped Vectors.” <i>AIDS Research and Therapy</i>, vol. 2, no. 1, BioMed
    Central, 2005, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1186/1742-6405-2-7">10.1186/1742-6405-2-7</a>.
  short: S. Siegert, S. Thaler, R. Wagner, B. Schnierle, AIDS Research and Therapy
    2 (2005).
date_created: 2018-12-11T11:54:03Z
date_published: 2005-09-12T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2021-01-12T06:53:15Z
day: '12'
doi: 10.1186/1742-6405-2-7
extern: 1
intvolume: '         2'
issue: '1'
month: '09'
publication: AIDS Research and Therapy
publication_status: published
publisher: BioMed Central
publist_id: '5315'
quality_controlled: 0
status: public
title: Assessment of HIV-1 entry inhibitors by MLV/HIV-1 pseudotyped vectors
type: journal_article
volume: 2
year: '2005'
...
---
_id: '1962'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: |2-


    Complex I of respiratory chains plays a central role in bioenergetics and is implicated in many human neurodegenerative diseases. An understanding of its mechanism requires a knowledge of the organization of redox centers. The arrangement of iron-sulfur clusters in the hydrophilic domain of complex I from Thermus thermophilus has been determined with the use of x-ray crystallography. One binuclear and six tetranuclear clusters are arranged, maximally 14 angstroms apart, in an 84-angstrom-long electron transfer chain. The binuclear cluster N1a and the tetranuclear cluster N7 are not in this pathway. Cluster N1a may play a role in the prevention of oxidative damage. The structure provides a framework for the interpretation of the large amounts of data accumulated on complex I.
acknowledgement: This work was funded by the Medical Research Council.
author:
- first_name: Philip
  full_name: 'Hinchliffe, Philip '
  last_name: Hinchliffe
- first_name: Leonid A
  full_name: Leonid Sazanov
  id: 338D39FE-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Sazanov
  orcid: 0000-0002-0977-7989
citation:
  ama: 'Hinchliffe P, Sazanov LA. Biochemistry: Organization of iron-sulfur clusters
    in respiratory complex I. <i>Science</i>. 2005;309(5735):771-774. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1113988">10.1126/science.1113988</a>'
  apa: 'Hinchliffe, P., &#38; Sazanov, L. A. (2005). Biochemistry: Organization of
    iron-sulfur clusters in respiratory complex I. <i>Science</i>. American Association
    for the Advancement of Science. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1113988">https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1113988</a>'
  chicago: 'Hinchliffe, Philip, and Leonid A Sazanov. “Biochemistry: Organization
    of Iron-Sulfur Clusters in Respiratory Complex I.” <i>Science</i>. American Association
    for the Advancement of Science, 2005. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1113988">https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1113988</a>.'
  ieee: 'P. Hinchliffe and L. A. Sazanov, “Biochemistry: Organization of iron-sulfur
    clusters in respiratory complex I,” <i>Science</i>, vol. 309, no. 5735. American
    Association for the Advancement of Science, pp. 771–774, 2005.'
  ista: 'Hinchliffe P, Sazanov LA. 2005. Biochemistry: Organization of iron-sulfur
    clusters in respiratory complex I. Science. 309(5735), 771–774.'
  mla: 'Hinchliffe, Philip, and Leonid A. Sazanov. “Biochemistry: Organization of
    Iron-Sulfur Clusters in Respiratory Complex I.” <i>Science</i>, vol. 309, no.
    5735, American Association for the Advancement of Science, 2005, pp. 771–74, doi:<a
    href="https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1113988">10.1126/science.1113988</a>.'
  short: P. Hinchliffe, L.A. Sazanov, Science 309 (2005) 771–774.
date_created: 2018-12-11T11:54:56Z
date_published: 2005-07-29T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2021-01-12T06:54:22Z
day: '29'
doi: 10.1126/science.1113988
extern: 1
intvolume: '       309'
issue: '5735'
month: '07'
page: 771 - 774
publication: Science
publication_status: published
publisher: American Association for the Advancement of Science
publist_id: '5122'
quality_controlled: 0
status: public
title: 'Biochemistry: Organization of iron-sulfur clusters in respiratory complex
  I'
type: journal_article
volume: 309
year: '2005'
...
