---
_id: '4201'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: In zebrafish, as in other vertebrates, an initially singular eye held within
    the neural plate has to split during morphogenesis to allow the development of
    two separated eyes. It has been suggested that anterior progression of midline
    tissue within the neural plate is involved in the bilateralization of the eye
    held. Mutations in the recently identified silberblick (slb) gene cause an incomplete
    separation of the eyes. During gastrulation and early somitogenesis, the ventral
    midline of the central nervous system (CNS) together with the underlying axial
    mesendoderm is shortened and broadened in slb embryos. While in wild-type embryos
    the ventral CNS midline extends to the anterior limit of the neural plate at the
    end of gastrulation, there is a gap between the anterior tip of the ventral CNS
    midline and the anterior edge of the neural plate in slb. To investigate the cause
    for the shortening of the ventral CNS midline in slb we determined the fate of
    labeled ventral CNS midline cells in wild-type and slb embryos at different stages
    of development. In slb, anterior migration of ventral CNS midline cells is impaired,
    which indicates that migration of these cells is needed for elongation of the
    ventral CNS midline. The anterior shortening of the ventral CNS midline in slb
    leads to medial instead of bilateral induction of optic stalks followed by a partial
    fusion of the eyes at later developmental stages. The analysis of the sIb phenotype
    indicates that anterior migration of midline cells within the neural plate is
    required for proper induction and subsequent bilateralization of an initially
    singular eye field. These findings may therefore provide a starting point in elucidating
    the role of neural plate morphogenesis in positioning of the eyes. (C) 1997 Academic
    Press.
acknowledgement: 'We thank C. Thisse and Q. Xu for the kind gift of hggl and rtk2
  cDNA, respectively. We are grateful to S. Wilson and R. Warga for many valuable
  comments on earlier versions of this manuscript. We also thank R. Geisler, D. Gilmour,
  M. Granato, I Odenthal, F. Pellegri, S. Schulte-Merker, and F. v. Eeden for critical
  reading of the manuscript. '
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Carl-Philipp J
  full_name: Heisenberg, Carl-Philipp J
  id: 39427864-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Heisenberg
  orcid: 0000-0002-0912-4566
- first_name: Christiane
  full_name: Nüsslein Volhard, Christiane
  last_name: Nüsslein Volhard
citation:
  ama: Heisenberg C-PJ, Nüsslein Volhard C. The function of silberblick in the positioning
    of the eye anlage in the zebrafish embryo. <i>Developmental Biology</i>. 1997;184(1):85-94.
    doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1006/dbio.1997.8511">10.1006/dbio.1997.8511</a>
  apa: Heisenberg, C.-P. J., &#38; Nüsslein Volhard, C. (1997). The function of silberblick
    in the positioning of the eye anlage in the zebrafish embryo. <i>Developmental
    Biology</i>. Elsevier. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1006/dbio.1997.8511">https://doi.org/10.1006/dbio.1997.8511</a>
  chicago: Heisenberg, Carl-Philipp J, and Christiane Nüsslein Volhard. “The Function
    of Silberblick in the Positioning of the Eye Anlage in the Zebrafish Embryo.”
    <i>Developmental Biology</i>. Elsevier, 1997. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1006/dbio.1997.8511">https://doi.org/10.1006/dbio.1997.8511</a>.
  ieee: C.-P. J. Heisenberg and C. Nüsslein Volhard, “The function of silberblick
    in the positioning of the eye anlage in the zebrafish embryo,” <i>Developmental
    Biology</i>, vol. 184, no. 1. Elsevier, pp. 85–94, 1997.
  ista: Heisenberg C-PJ, Nüsslein Volhard C. 1997. The function of silberblick in
    the positioning of the eye anlage in the zebrafish embryo. Developmental Biology.
    184(1), 85–94.
  mla: Heisenberg, Carl-Philipp J., and Christiane Nüsslein Volhard. “The Function
    of Silberblick in the Positioning of the Eye Anlage in the Zebrafish Embryo.”
    <i>Developmental Biology</i>, vol. 184, no. 1, Elsevier, 1997, pp. 85–94, doi:<a
    href="https://doi.org/10.1006/dbio.1997.8511">10.1006/dbio.1997.8511</a>.
  short: C.-P.J. Heisenberg, C. Nüsslein Volhard, Developmental Biology 184 (1997)
    85–94.
date_created: 2018-12-11T12:07:33Z
date_published: 1997-04-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2022-08-18T13:54:19Z
day: '01'
doi: 10.1006/dbio.1997.8511
extern: '1'
external_id:
  pmid:
  - '9142986 '
intvolume: '       184'
issue: '1'
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
  url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0012160697985110?via%3Dihub
month: '04'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
page: 85 - 94
pmid: 1
publication: Developmental Biology
publication_identifier:
  eissn:
  - 0012-1606
publication_status: published
publisher: Elsevier
publist_id: '1917'
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: The function of silberblick in the positioning of the eye anlage in the zebrafish
  embryo
type: journal_article
user_id: ea97e931-d5af-11eb-85d4-e6957dddbf17
volume: 184
year: '1997'
...
---
_id: '4284'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: The evolutionary processes responsible for adaptation and speciation on islands
    differ in several ways from those on the mainland. Most attention has been given
    to the random genetic drift that arises when a population is founded from just
    a few colonizing genomes. Theoretical obstacles to ‘founder effect speciation’
    are discussed, together with recent proposals for avoiding them. It is argued
    that although certain kinds of epistasis can facilitate the evolution of strong
    reproductive isolation, this favours divergence by selection as much as by random
    drift.
article_processing_charge: No
author:
- first_name: Nicholas H
  full_name: Barton, Nicholas H
  id: 4880FE40-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Barton
  orcid: 0000-0002-8548-5240
citation:
  ama: 'Barton NH. Natural selection and random genetic drift as causes of evolution
    on islands. In: <i>Evolution on Islands</i>. Oxford University Press; 1997:102-123.
    doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.1996.0073">10.1098/rstb.1996.0073</a>'
  apa: Barton, N. H. (1997). Natural selection and random genetic drift as causes
    of evolution on islands. In <i>Evolution on islands</i> (pp. 102–123). Oxford
    University Press. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.1996.0073">https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.1996.0073</a>
  chicago: Barton, Nicholas H. “Natural Selection and Random Genetic Drift as Causes
    of Evolution on Islands.” In <i>Evolution on Islands</i>, 102–23. Oxford University
    Press, 1997. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.1996.0073">https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.1996.0073</a>.
  ieee: N. H. Barton, “Natural selection and random genetic drift as causes of evolution
    on islands,” in <i>Evolution on islands</i>, Oxford University Press, 1997, pp.
    102–123.
  ista: 'Barton NH. 1997.Natural selection and random genetic drift as causes of evolution
    on islands. In: Evolution on islands. , 102–123.'
  mla: Barton, Nicholas H. “Natural Selection and Random Genetic Drift as Causes of
    Evolution on Islands.” <i>Evolution on Islands</i>, Oxford University Press, 1997,
    pp. 102–23, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.1996.0073">10.1098/rstb.1996.0073</a>.
  short: N.H. Barton, in:, Evolution on Islands, Oxford University Press, 1997, pp.
    102–123.
date_created: 2018-12-11T12:08:02Z
date_published: 1997-11-27T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2022-08-18T13:04:36Z
day: '27'
doi: 10.1098/rstb.1996.0073
extern: '1'
external_id:
  pmid:
  - '8693020'
language:
- iso: eng
month: '11'
oa_version: None
page: 102 - 123
pmid: 1
publication: Evolution on islands
publication_identifier:
  isbn:
  - '9780198501718'
publication_status: published
publisher: Oxford University Press
publist_id: '1800'
quality_controlled: '1'
status: public
title: Natural selection and random genetic drift as causes of evolution on islands
type: book_chapter
user_id: ea97e931-d5af-11eb-85d4-e6957dddbf17
year: '1997'
...
---
_id: '4285'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: One of the oldest hypotheses for the advantage of recombination is that recombination
    allo rvs beneficial mutations that arise in different individuals to be placed
    together on the same chromosome. Unless recombination occurs, one of the beneficial
    alleles is doomed to extinction, slowing the rate at which adaptive mutations
    are incorporated within a population. We model the effects of a modifier of recombination
    on the fixation probability of beneficial mutations when beneficial alleles are
    segregating at other loci. We find that modifier alleles that increase recombination
    do increase the fixation probability of beneficial mutants and subsequently hitchhike
    along as the mutants rise in frequency. The strength of selection favoring a modifier
    that increases recombination is proportional to lambda(2)S delta r/r when linkage
    is tight and lambda(2)S(3) delta r/N when linkage is loose, where lambda is the
    beneficial mutation rate per genome per generation throughout a population of
    size N, S is the average mutant effect, r is the average recombination rate, and
    delta ris the amount that recombination is modified. We conclude that selection
    for recombination will be substantial only if there is tight linkage within the
    genome or if many loci are subject to directional selection as during periods
    of rapid evolutionary change.
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Sarah
  full_name: Otto, Sarah
  last_name: Otto
- first_name: Nicholas H
  full_name: Barton, Nicholas H
  id: 4880FE40-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Barton
  orcid: 0000-0002-8548-5240
citation:
  ama: 'Otto S, Barton NH. The evolution of recombination: Removing the limits to
    natural selection. <i>Genetics</i>. 1997;147(2):879-906. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1093/genetics/147.2.879">10.1093/genetics/147.2.879</a>'
  apa: 'Otto, S., &#38; Barton, N. H. (1997). The evolution of recombination: Removing
    the limits to natural selection. <i>Genetics</i>. Genetics Society of America.
    <a href="https://doi.org/10.1093/genetics/147.2.879">https://doi.org/10.1093/genetics/147.2.879</a>'
  chicago: 'Otto, Sarah, and Nicholas H Barton. “The Evolution of Recombination: Removing
    the Limits to Natural Selection.” <i>Genetics</i>. Genetics Society of America,
    1997. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1093/genetics/147.2.879">https://doi.org/10.1093/genetics/147.2.879</a>.'
  ieee: 'S. Otto and N. H. Barton, “The evolution of recombination: Removing the limits
    to natural selection,” <i>Genetics</i>, vol. 147, no. 2. Genetics Society of America,
    pp. 879–906, 1997.'
  ista: 'Otto S, Barton NH. 1997. The evolution of recombination: Removing the limits
    to natural selection. Genetics. 147(2), 879–906.'
  mla: 'Otto, Sarah, and Nicholas H. Barton. “The Evolution of Recombination: Removing
    the Limits to Natural Selection.” <i>Genetics</i>, vol. 147, no. 2, Genetics Society
    of America, 1997, pp. 879–906, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1093/genetics/147.2.879">10.1093/genetics/147.2.879</a>.'
  short: S. Otto, N.H. Barton, Genetics 147 (1997) 879–906.
date_created: 2018-12-11T12:08:02Z
date_published: 1997-10-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2022-08-18T11:36:10Z
day: '01'
doi: 10.1093/genetics/147.2.879
extern: '1'
external_id:
  pmid:
  - '9335621'
intvolume: '       147'
issue: '2'
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
  url: https://academic.oup.com/genetics/article/147/2/879/6054161
month: '10'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
page: 879 - 906
pmid: 1
publication: Genetics
publication_identifier:
  issn:
  - 0016-6731
publication_status: published
publisher: Genetics Society of America
publist_id: '1796'
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: 'The evolution of recombination: Removing the limits to natural selection'
type: journal_article
user_id: ea97e931-d5af-11eb-85d4-e6957dddbf17
volume: 147
year: '1997'
...
---
_id: '4286'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: A local barrier to gene flow will delay the spread of an advantageous allele.
    Exact calculations for the deterministic case show that an allele that is favorable
    when rare is delayed very little even by a strong barrier; its spread is allowed
    by a time proportional to log((B/σ)√2S)/S, where B is the barrier strength, σ
    the dispersal range, and fitnesses are 1:1 + S:1 + 2S. However, when there is
    selection against heterozytes, such that the allele cannot increase from low frequency,
    a barrier can cause a much greater delay. If gene flow is reduced below a critical
    value, spread is entirely prevented. Stochastic simulations show that with additive
    selection, random drift slows down the spread of the allele, below the deterministic
    speed of σ√2S. The delay to the advance of an advantageous allele caused by a
    strong barrier can be substantially increased by random drift and increases with
    B/(2Sρσ2) in a one-dimensional habitat of density ρ. However, with selection against
    heterozygotes, drift can facilitate the spread and can free an allele that would
    otherwise be trapped indefinitely by a strong barrier. We discuss the implications
    of these results for the evolution of chromosome rearrangements.
acknowledgement: We are specially grateful to H. C. HAUFFE for allowing us to present
  her unpublished data. B. NURNBERGER, J. B. SEARLE, H. C. HAUFFE, S. BAIRD, L. KRUUK
  and two anonymous referees gave constructive comments on the manuscript. The work
  was supported by the European Union (Human Capital and Mobility Contract No. RB4050PL922765.
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Jaroslav
  full_name: Piálek, Jaroslav
  last_name: Piálek
- first_name: Nicholas H
  full_name: Barton, Nicholas H
  id: 4880FE40-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Barton
  orcid: 0000-0002-8548-5240
citation:
  ama: 'Piálek J, Barton NH. The spread of an advantageous allele across a barrier:
    the effects of random drift and selection against heterozygotes. <i>Genetics</i>.
    1997;145(2):493-504. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1093/genetics/145.2.493">10.1093/genetics/145.2.493</a>'
  apa: 'Piálek, J., &#38; Barton, N. H. (1997). The spread of an advantageous allele
    across a barrier: the effects of random drift and selection against heterozygotes.
    <i>Genetics</i>. Genetics Society of America. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1093/genetics/145.2.493">https://doi.org/10.1093/genetics/145.2.493</a>'
  chicago: 'Piálek, Jaroslav, and Nicholas H Barton. “The Spread of an Advantageous
    Allele across a Barrier: The Effects of Random Drift and Selection against Heterozygotes.”
    <i>Genetics</i>. Genetics Society of America, 1997. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1093/genetics/145.2.493">https://doi.org/10.1093/genetics/145.2.493</a>.'
  ieee: 'J. Piálek and N. H. Barton, “The spread of an advantageous allele across
    a barrier: the effects of random drift and selection against heterozygotes,” <i>Genetics</i>,
    vol. 145, no. 2. Genetics Society of America, pp. 493–504, 1997.'
  ista: 'Piálek J, Barton NH. 1997. The spread of an advantageous allele across a
    barrier: the effects of random drift and selection against heterozygotes. Genetics.
    145(2), 493–504.'
  mla: 'Piálek, Jaroslav, and Nicholas H. Barton. “The Spread of an Advantageous Allele
    across a Barrier: The Effects of Random Drift and Selection against Heterozygotes.”
    <i>Genetics</i>, vol. 145, no. 2, Genetics Society of America, 1997, pp. 493–504,
    doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1093/genetics/145.2.493">10.1093/genetics/145.2.493</a>.'
  short: J. Piálek, N.H. Barton, Genetics 145 (1997) 493–504.
date_created: 2018-12-11T12:08:03Z
date_published: 1997-02-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2022-08-18T12:34:37Z
day: '01'
doi: 10.1093/genetics/145.2.493
extern: '1'
external_id:
  pmid:
  - '9071602'
intvolume: '       145'
issue: '2'
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
  url: https://academic.oup.com/genetics/article/145/2/493/6018085
month: '02'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
page: 493 - 504
pmid: 1
publication: Genetics
publication_identifier:
  issn:
  - 0016-6731
publication_status: published
publisher: Genetics Society of America
publist_id: '1797'
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: 'The spread of an advantageous allele across a barrier: the effects of random
  drift and selection against heterozygotes'
type: journal_article
user_id: ea97e931-d5af-11eb-85d4-e6957dddbf17
volume: 145
year: '1997'
...
---
_id: '4287'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: 'We evaluate Sewall Wright''s three-phase "shifting balance" theory of evolution,
    examining both the theoretical issues and the relevant data from nature and the
    laboratory. We conclude that while phases I and II of Wright''s theory (the movement
    of populations from one "adaptive peak" to another via drift and selection) can
    occur under some conditions, genetic drift is often unnecessary for movement between
    peaks. Phase III of the shifting balance, in which adaptations spread from particular
    populations to the entire species, faces two major theoretical obstacles: (1)
    unlike adaptations favored by simple directional selection, adaptations whose
    fixation requires some genetic drift are often prevented from spreading by barriers
    to gene flow; and (2) it is difficult to assemble complex adaptations whose constituent
    parts arise via peak shifts in different demes. Our review of the data from nature
    shows that although there is some evidence for individual phases of the shifting
    balance process, there are few empirical observations explained better by Wright''s
    three-phase mechanism than by simple mass selection. Similarly, artificial selection
    experiments fail to show that selection in subdivided populations produces greater
    response than does mass selection in large populations. The complexity of the
    shifting balance process and the difficulty of establishing that adaptive valleys
    have been crossed by genetic drift make it impossible to test Wright''s claim
    that adaptations commonly originate by this process. In view of these problems,
    it seems unreasonable to consider the shifting balance process as an important
    explanation for the evolution of adaptations. '
acknowledgement: 'We thank the following people for discussion and comments on themanuscript:
  S.Barrett,J. Bull, B.Charlesworth, D.Charlesworth, P. DeVries, S.Gavrilets, J. H.Gillespie,
  R.K.Grosberg, W.G. Hill, A. A.Hoffmann, M.Kirkpatrick, C.H.Langley, R.  C.Lewontin,
  J.B. Mallet, M. Noor, L.Nunney, H. A. Orr, T. Prout, M.Slatkin, J.Spofford, W.Stephan,
  J.  B.  Walsh,  P. Ward, K. Weber, J. Willis, and M.Zwick. We are especially grateful
  to D.J. Futuyma and D.Schemskefor  their exhaustive criticism of the manuscript.
  Needless to say, not all of these reviewers agree with our ideas. This work  was
  supported by National Institutes of Health grant GM50355 to JAC, National Science
  Foundation grant DEB9527808 to MT, and grants from the Darwin Trust of Edinburgh
  and the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (GRJI76057,GRIHI09928)
  to NHB.'
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Jerry
  full_name: Coyne, Jerry
  last_name: Coyne
- first_name: Nicholas H
  full_name: Barton, Nicholas H
  id: 4880FE40-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Barton
  orcid: 0000-0002-8548-5240
- first_name: Michael
  full_name: Turelli, Michael
  last_name: Turelli
citation:
  ama: 'Coyne J, Barton NH, Turelli M. Perspective: A critique of Sewall Wright’s
    shifting balance theory of evolutionight’s shifting balance theory of evolution.
    <i>Evolution; International Journal of Organic Evolution</i>. 1997;51(3):643-671.
    doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1558-5646.1997.tb03650.x">10.1111/j.1558-5646.1997.tb03650.x</a>'
  apa: 'Coyne, J., Barton, N. H., &#38; Turelli, M. (1997). Perspective: A critique
    of Sewall Wright’s shifting balance theory of evolutionight’s shifting balance
    theory of evolution. <i>Evolution; International Journal of Organic Evolution</i>.
    Wiley-Blackwell. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1558-5646.1997.tb03650.x">https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1558-5646.1997.tb03650.x</a>'
  chicago: 'Coyne, Jerry, Nicholas H Barton, and Michael Turelli. “Perspective: A
    Critique of Sewall Wright’s Shifting Balance Theory of Evolutionight’s Shifting
    Balance Theory of Evolution.” <i>Evolution; International Journal of Organic Evolution</i>.
    Wiley-Blackwell, 1997. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1558-5646.1997.tb03650.x">https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1558-5646.1997.tb03650.x</a>.'
  ieee: 'J. Coyne, N. H. Barton, and M. Turelli, “Perspective: A critique of Sewall
    Wright’s shifting balance theory of evolutionight’s shifting balance theory of
    evolution,” <i>Evolution; International Journal of Organic Evolution</i>, vol.
    51, no. 3. Wiley-Blackwell, pp. 643–671, 1997.'
  ista: 'Coyne J, Barton NH, Turelli M. 1997. Perspective: A critique of Sewall Wright’s
    shifting balance theory of evolutionight’s shifting balance theory of evolution.
    Evolution; International Journal of Organic Evolution. 51(3), 643–671.'
  mla: 'Coyne, Jerry, et al. “Perspective: A Critique of Sewall Wright’s Shifting
    Balance Theory of Evolutionight’s Shifting Balance Theory of Evolution.” <i>Evolution;
    International Journal of Organic Evolution</i>, vol. 51, no. 3, Wiley-Blackwell,
    1997, pp. 643–71, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1558-5646.1997.tb03650.x">10.1111/j.1558-5646.1997.tb03650.x</a>.'
  short: J. Coyne, N.H. Barton, M. Turelli, Evolution; International Journal of Organic
    Evolution 51 (1997) 643–671.
date_created: 2018-12-11T12:08:03Z
date_published: 1997-06-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2022-08-18T09:48:43Z
day: '01'
doi: 10.1111/j.1558-5646.1997.tb03650.x
extern: '1'
external_id:
  pmid:
  - '28568586'
intvolume: '        51'
issue: '3'
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
  url: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1558-5646.1997.tb03650.x
month: '06'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
page: 643 - 671
pmid: 1
publication: Evolution; International Journal of Organic Evolution
publication_identifier:
  issn:
  - 0014-3820
publication_status: published
publisher: Wiley-Blackwell
publist_id: '1791'
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: 'Perspective: A critique of Sewall Wright''s shifting balance theory of evolutionight''s
  shifting balance theory of evolution'
type: journal_article
user_id: ea97e931-d5af-11eb-85d4-e6957dddbf17
volume: 51
year: '1997'
...
---
_id: '4288'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: We measured the heterozygous effects on net fitness of a sample of 12 wild-type
    third chromosomes in D. melanogaster. Effects on fitness were assessed by competing
    the wild-type chromosomes against balancer chromosomes, to prevent the production
    of recombinants. The measurements were carried out in the population cage environment
    in which the life history had been evolving, in an undisturbed population with
    overlapping generations, and replicated measurements were made on each chromosome
    to control for confounding effects such as mutation accumulation. We found significant
    variation among the wild type chromosomes in their additive genetic effect on
    net fitness. The system provides an opportunity to obtain an accurate estimate
    of the distribution of heterozygous effects on net fitness, the contribution of
    different fitness components including male mating success, and the role of intra-chromosomal
    epistasis in fitness variation.
acknowledgement: We thank John Sved for helpful discussions in the planningstages
  of the project, Brian Charlesworth, Alexei Kondrashov, Trudy Mackay and Steve Stearns
  for commentson the manuscript, SERC, BBSRC, the Darwin Trust andthe Royal Society
  for Financial support, and Ms N. Goorneyfor technical assistance
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Kevin
  full_name: Fowler, Kevin
  last_name: Fowler
- first_name: Colin
  full_name: Semple, Colin
  last_name: Semple
- first_name: Nicholas H
  full_name: Barton, Nicholas H
  id: 4880FE40-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Barton
  orcid: 0000-0002-8548-5240
- first_name: Linda
  full_name: Partridge, Linda
  last_name: Partridge
citation:
  ama: Fowler K, Semple C, Barton NH, Partridge L. Genetic variation for total fitness
    in Drosophila melanogaster. <i>Proceedings of the Royal Society of London Series
    B Biological Sciences</i>. 1997;264(1379):191-199. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.1997.0027">10.1098/rspb.1997.0027</a>
  apa: Fowler, K., Semple, C., Barton, N. H., &#38; Partridge, L. (1997). Genetic
    variation for total fitness in Drosophila melanogaster. <i>Proceedings of the
    Royal Society of London Series B Biological Sciences</i>. The Royal Society. <a
    href="https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.1997.0027">https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.1997.0027</a>
  chicago: Fowler, Kevin, Colin Semple, Nicholas H Barton, and Linda Partridge. “Genetic
    Variation for Total Fitness in Drosophila Melanogaster.” <i>Proceedings of the
    Royal Society of London Series B Biological Sciences</i>. The Royal Society, 1997.
    <a href="https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.1997.0027">https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.1997.0027</a>.
  ieee: K. Fowler, C. Semple, N. H. Barton, and L. Partridge, “Genetic variation for
    total fitness in Drosophila melanogaster,” <i>Proceedings of the Royal Society
    of London Series B Biological Sciences</i>, vol. 264, no. 1379. The Royal Society,
    pp. 191–199, 1997.
  ista: Fowler K, Semple C, Barton NH, Partridge L. 1997. Genetic variation for total
    fitness in Drosophila melanogaster. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London
    Series B Biological Sciences. 264(1379), 191–199.
  mla: Fowler, Kevin, et al. “Genetic Variation for Total Fitness in Drosophila Melanogaster.”
    <i>Proceedings of the Royal Society of London Series B Biological Sciences</i>,
    vol. 264, no. 1379, The Royal Society, 1997, pp. 191–99, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.1997.0027">10.1098/rspb.1997.0027</a>.
  short: K. Fowler, C. Semple, N.H. Barton, L. Partridge, Proceedings of the Royal
    Society of London Series B Biological Sciences 264 (1997) 191–199.
date_created: 2018-12-11T12:08:03Z
date_published: 1997-02-22T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2022-08-18T11:31:58Z
day: '22'
doi: 10.1098/rspb.1997.0027
extern: '1'
external_id:
  pmid:
  - '9061969'
intvolume: '       264'
issue: '1379'
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
  url: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1688253/
month: '02'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
page: 191 - 199
pmid: 1
publication: Proceedings of the Royal Society of London Series B Biological Sciences
publication_identifier:
  issn:
  - 0962-8452
publication_status: published
publisher: The Royal Society
publist_id: '1792'
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: Genetic variation for total fitness in Drosophila melanogaster
type: journal_article
user_id: ea97e931-d5af-11eb-85d4-e6957dddbf17
volume: 264
year: '1997'
...
---
_id: '4289'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: A worldwide survey of polymorphic molecular markers shows that the human population
    is genetically homogeneous, in close agreement with evidence from quite different
    genes and traits.
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: letter_note
author:
- first_name: Nicholas H
  full_name: Barton, Nicholas H
  id: 4880FE40-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Barton
  orcid: 0000-0002-8548-5240
citation:
  ama: 'Barton NH. Population genetics: A new apportionment of human diversity. <i>Current
    Biology</i>. 1997;7(12):757-758. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/S0960-9822(06)00397-6">10.1016/S0960-9822(06)00397-6</a>'
  apa: 'Barton, N. H. (1997). Population genetics: A new apportionment of human diversity.
    <i>Current Biology</i>. Cell Press. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/S0960-9822(06)00397-6">https://doi.org/10.1016/S0960-9822(06)00397-6</a>'
  chicago: 'Barton, Nicholas H. “Population Genetics: A New Apportionment of Human
    Diversity.” <i>Current Biology</i>. Cell Press, 1997. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/S0960-9822(06)00397-6">https://doi.org/10.1016/S0960-9822(06)00397-6</a>.'
  ieee: 'N. H. Barton, “Population genetics: A new apportionment of human diversity,”
    <i>Current Biology</i>, vol. 7, no. 12. Cell Press, pp. 757–758, 1997.'
  ista: 'Barton NH. 1997. Population genetics: A new apportionment of human diversity.
    Current Biology. 7(12), 757–758.'
  mla: 'Barton, Nicholas H. “Population Genetics: A New Apportionment of Human Diversity.”
    <i>Current Biology</i>, vol. 7, no. 12, Cell Press, 1997, pp. 757–58, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/S0960-9822(06)00397-6">10.1016/S0960-9822(06)00397-6</a>.'
  short: N.H. Barton, Current Biology 7 (1997) 757–758.
date_created: 2018-12-11T12:08:04Z
date_published: 1997-12-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2022-08-17T13:07:08Z
day: '01'
doi: 10.1016/S0960-9822(06)00397-6
extern: '1'
intvolume: '         7'
issue: '12'
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
  url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0960982206003976?via%3Dihub
month: '12'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
page: 757 - 758
publication: Current Biology
publication_identifier:
  issn:
  - 0960-9822
publication_status: published
publisher: Cell Press
publist_id: '1788'
quality_controlled: '1'
status: public
title: 'Population genetics: A new apportionment of human diversity'
type: journal_article
user_id: ea97e931-d5af-11eb-85d4-e6957dddbf17
volume: 7
year: '1997'
...
---
_id: '4290'
article_processing_charge: No
author:
- first_name: Nicholas H
  full_name: Barton, Nicholas H
  id: 4880FE40-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Barton
  orcid: 0000-0002-8548-5240
citation:
  ama: Barton NH. Natural hybridization and evolution. <i>Genetical Research</i>.
    1997;70(2):178-180.
  apa: Barton, N. H. (1997). Natural hybridization and evolution. <i>Genetical Research</i>.
    Cambridge University Press.
  chicago: Barton, Nicholas H. “Natural Hybridization and Evolution.” <i>Genetical
    Research</i>. Cambridge University Press, 1997.
  ieee: N. H. Barton, “Natural hybridization and evolution,” <i>Genetical Research</i>,
    vol. 70, no. 2. Cambridge University Press, pp. 178–180, 1997.
  ista: Barton NH. 1997. Natural hybridization and evolution. Genetical Research.
    70(2), 178–180.
  mla: Barton, Nicholas H. “Natural Hybridization and Evolution.” <i>Genetical Research</i>,
    vol. 70, no. 2, Cambridge University Press, 1997, pp. 178–80.
  short: N.H. Barton, Genetical Research 70 (1997) 178–180.
date_created: 2018-12-11T12:08:04Z
date_published: 1997-10-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2022-08-17T14:10:20Z
day: '01'
extern: '1'
intvolume: '        70'
issue: '2'
language:
- iso: eng
month: '10'
oa_version: None
page: 178 - 180
publication: Genetical Research
publication_identifier:
  issn:
  - 0016-6723
publication_status: published
publisher: Cambridge University Press
publist_id: '1789'
status: public
title: Natural hybridization and evolution
type: review
user_id: ea97e931-d5af-11eb-85d4-e6957dddbf17
volume: 70
year: '1997'
...
---
_id: '4291'
article_processing_charge: No
author:
- first_name: Nicholas H
  full_name: Barton, Nicholas H
  id: 4880FE40-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Barton
  orcid: 0000-0002-8548-5240
citation:
  ama: 'Barton NH. The ecological detective: Confronting models with data. <i>Genetical
    Research</i>. 1997;70(2):180-181.'
  apa: 'Barton, N. H. (1997). The ecological detective: Confronting models with data.
    <i>Genetical Research</i>. Cambridge University Press.'
  chicago: 'Barton, Nicholas H. “The Ecological Detective: Confronting Models with
    Data.” <i>Genetical Research</i>. Cambridge University Press, 1997.'
  ieee: 'N. H. Barton, “The ecological detective: Confronting models with data,” <i>Genetical
    Research</i>, vol. 70, no. 2. Cambridge University Press, pp. 180–181, 1997.'
  ista: 'Barton NH. 1997. The ecological detective: Confronting models with data.
    Genetical Research. 70(2), 180–181.'
  mla: 'Barton, Nicholas H. “The Ecological Detective: Confronting Models with Data.”
    <i>Genetical Research</i>, vol. 70, no. 2, Cambridge University Press, 1997, pp.
    180–81.'
  short: N.H. Barton, Genetical Research 70 (1997) 180–181.
date_created: 2018-12-11T12:08:04Z
date_published: 1997-10-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2022-08-18T09:36:25Z
day: '01'
extern: '1'
intvolume: '        70'
issue: '2'
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- url: https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/genetics-research/article/ecological-detective-confronting-models-with-data-by-ray-hilborn-and-marc-mangel-princeton-university-press-1997-315xvii-pages-price-3000-cloth-1695-paper-isbn-0-691-03496-6-0-691-03497-4-pbk/AA6FCD668DFFAEF537C2674ECCFC8966
month: '10'
oa_version: None
page: 180 - 181
publication: Genetical Research
publication_identifier:
  issn:
  - 0016-6723
publication_status: published
publisher: Cambridge University Press
publist_id: '1790'
quality_controlled: '1'
status: public
title: 'The ecological detective: Confronting models with data'
type: review
user_id: ea97e931-d5af-11eb-85d4-e6957dddbf17
volume: 70
year: '1997'
...
---
_id: '4293'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: Natural populations differ from the simplest models in ways which can significantly
    affect their evolution. Real populations are rarely all of the same size; the
    rates of migration into and out of populations vary in space and time; some populations
    go extinct, and new ones are established, while all populations fluctuate in size.
    Furthermore, the genetic properties of real species are not like those assumed
    in simple models. Alleles are exposed to a wide variety of selection mutation
    rarely creates novel genotypes with each mutation event, generations overlap,
    and environments vary from place to place. Evolution in a metapopulation can be
    substantially different from the predictions of single-population models and,
    indeed, very different from the simplest models of subdivided species.
article_processing_charge: No
author:
- first_name: Nicholas H
  full_name: Barton, Nicholas H
  id: 4880FE40-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Barton
  orcid: 0000-0002-8548-5240
- first_name: Michael
  full_name: Whitlock, Michael
  last_name: Whitlock
citation:
  ama: 'Barton NH, Whitlock M. The evolution of metapopulations. In: Hanski I, Gilpin
    ME, eds. <i>Metapopulation Biology</i>. Academic Press; 1997:183-210. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-012323445-2/50012-2">10.1016/B978-012323445-2/50012-2</a>'
  apa: Barton, N. H., &#38; Whitlock, M. (1997). The evolution of metapopulations.
    In I. Hanski &#38; M. E. Gilpin (Eds.), <i>Metapopulation Biology</i> (pp. 183–210).
    Academic Press. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-012323445-2/50012-2">https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-012323445-2/50012-2</a>
  chicago: Barton, Nicholas H, and Michael Whitlock. “The Evolution of Metapopulations.”
    In <i>Metapopulation Biology</i>, edited by Illka Hanski and Michael E. Gilpin,
    183–210. Academic Press, 1997. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-012323445-2/50012-2">https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-012323445-2/50012-2</a>.
  ieee: N. H. Barton and M. Whitlock, “The evolution of metapopulations,” in <i>Metapopulation
    Biology</i>, I. Hanski and M. E. Gilpin, Eds. Academic Press, 1997, pp. 183–210.
  ista: 'Barton NH, Whitlock M. 1997.The evolution of metapopulations. In: Metapopulation
    Biology. , 183–210.'
  mla: Barton, Nicholas H., and Michael Whitlock. “The Evolution of Metapopulations.”
    <i>Metapopulation Biology</i>, edited by Illka Hanski and Michael E. Gilpin, Academic
    Press, 1997, pp. 183–210, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-012323445-2/50012-2">10.1016/B978-012323445-2/50012-2</a>.
  short: N.H. Barton, M. Whitlock, in:, I. Hanski, M.E. Gilpin (Eds.), Metapopulation
    Biology, Academic Press, 1997, pp. 183–210.
date_created: 2018-12-11T12:08:05Z
date_published: 1997-03-12T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2022-08-17T12:47:42Z
day: '12'
doi: 10.1016/B978-012323445-2/50012-2
editor:
- first_name: Illka
  full_name: Hanski, Illka
  last_name: Hanski
- first_name: Michael E.
  full_name: Gilpin, Michael E.
  last_name: Gilpin
extern: '1'
language:
- iso: eng
month: '03'
oa_version: None
page: 183 - 210
publication: Metapopulation Biology
publication_identifier:
  isbn:
  - '9780123234452'
publication_status: published
publisher: Academic Press
publist_id: '1782'
quality_controlled: '1'
status: public
title: The evolution of metapopulations
type: book_chapter
user_id: ea97e931-d5af-11eb-85d4-e6957dddbf17
year: '1997'
...
---
_id: '4438'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: "In temporal-logic model checking, we verify the correctness of a program
    with respect to a desired behavior by checking whether a structure that models
    the program satisfies a temporal-logic formula that specifies the behavior. The
    model-checking problem for the branching-time temporal logic CTL can be solved
    in linear running time, and model-checking tools for CTL are used successfully
    in industrial applications. The development of programs that must meet rigid real-time
    constraints has brought with it a need for real-time temporal logics that enable
    quantitative reference to time. Early research on real-time temporal logics uses
    the discrete domain of the integers to model time. Present research on real-time
    temporal logics focuses on continuous time and uses the dense domain of the reals
    to model time. There, model checking becomes significantly more complicated. For
    example, the model-checking problem for TCTL, a continuous-time extension of the
    logic CTL, is PSPACE-complete.\r\nIn this paper we suggest a reduction from TCTL
    model checking to CTL model checking. The contribution of such a reduction is
    twofold. Theoretically, while it has long been known that model-checking methods
    for untimed temporal logics can be extended quite easily to handle discrete time,
    it was not clear whether and how untimed methods can handle the reset quantifier
    of TCTL, which resets a realvalued clock. Practically, our reduction enables anyone
    who has a tool for CTL model checking to use it for TCTL model checking. The TCTL
    model-checking algorithm that follows from our reduction is in PSPACE, matching
    the known bound for this problem. In addition, it enjoys the wide distribution
    of CTL model-checking tools and the extensive and fruitful research efforts and
    heuristics that have been put into these tools."
acknowledgement: This research was supported in part by the ONR YIP award N00014-95-1-0520,
  by the NSF CAREER award CCR-9501708, by the NSF grant CCR-9504469, by the AFOSR
  contract F49620-93-1-0056, by the ARO MURI grant DAAH-04-96-1-0341, by the ARPA
  grant NAG2-892, and by the SRC contract 95-DC-324.036.
alternative_title:
- LNCS
article_processing_charge: No
author:
- first_name: Thomas A
  full_name: Henzinger, Thomas A
  id: 40876CD8-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Henzinger
  orcid: 0000−0002−2985−7724
- first_name: Orna
  full_name: Kupferman, Orna
  last_name: Kupferman
citation:
  ama: 'Henzinger TA, Kupferman O. From quantity to quality. In: <i>Proceedings of
    the 5th International Workshop on Hybrid and Real-Time Systems</i>. Vol 1201.
    Springer; 1997:48-62. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/BFb0014712">10.1007/BFb0014712</a>'
  apa: 'Henzinger, T. A., &#38; Kupferman, O. (1997). From quantity to quality. In
    <i>Proceedings of the 5th International Workshop on Hybrid and Real-Time Systems</i>
    (Vol. 1201, pp. 48–62). Grenoble, France: Springer. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/BFb0014712">https://doi.org/10.1007/BFb0014712</a>'
  chicago: Henzinger, Thomas A, and Orna Kupferman. “From Quantity to Quality.” In
    <i>Proceedings of the 5th International Workshop on Hybrid and Real-Time Systems</i>,
    1201:48–62. Springer, 1997. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/BFb0014712">https://doi.org/10.1007/BFb0014712</a>.
  ieee: T. A. Henzinger and O. Kupferman, “From quantity to quality,” in <i>Proceedings
    of the 5th International Workshop on Hybrid and Real-Time Systems</i>, Grenoble,
    France, 1997, vol. 1201, pp. 48–62.
  ista: 'Henzinger TA, Kupferman O. 1997. From quantity to quality. Proceedings of
    the 5th International Workshop on Hybrid and Real-Time Systems. HART: Hybrid and
    Real-Time Systems, LNCS, vol. 1201, 48–62.'
  mla: Henzinger, Thomas A., and Orna Kupferman. “From Quantity to Quality.” <i>Proceedings
    of the 5th International Workshop on Hybrid and Real-Time Systems</i>, vol. 1201,
    Springer, 1997, pp. 48–62, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/BFb0014712">10.1007/BFb0014712</a>.
  short: T.A. Henzinger, O. Kupferman, in:, Proceedings of the 5th International Workshop
    on Hybrid and Real-Time Systems, Springer, 1997, pp. 48–62.
conference:
  end_date: 1997-03-28
  location: Grenoble, France
  name: 'HART: Hybrid and Real-Time Systems'
  start_date: 1997-03-26
date_created: 2018-12-11T12:08:51Z
date_published: 1997-01-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2022-08-17T12:29:48Z
day: '01'
doi: 10.1007/BFb0014712
extern: '1'
intvolume: '      1201'
language:
- iso: eng
month: '01'
oa_version: None
page: 48 - 62
publication: Proceedings of the 5th International Workshop on Hybrid and Real-Time
  Systems
publication_identifier:
  isbn:
  - '9783540626008'
publication_status: published
publisher: Springer
publist_id: '291'
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: From quantity to quality
type: conference
user_id: ea97e931-d5af-11eb-85d4-e6957dddbf17
volume: 1201
year: '1997'
...
---
_id: '4441'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: Rectangular hybrid automata model digital control programs of analog plant
    environments. We study rectangular hybrid automata where the plant state evolves
    continuously in real-numbered time, and the controller samples the plant state
    and changes the control state discretely, only at the integer points in time.
    We prove that rectangular hybrid automata have finite bisimilarity quotients when
    all control transitions happen at integer times, even if the constraints on the
    derivatives of the variables vary between control states. This is sharply in contrast
    with the conventional model where control transitions may happen at any real time,
    and already the reachability problem is undecidable. Based on the finite bisimilarity
    quotients, we give an exponential algorithm for the symbolic sampling-controller
    synthesis of rectangular automata. We show our algorithm to be optimal by proving
    the problem to be EXPTIME-hard. We also show that rectangular automata form a
    maximal class of systems for which the sampling-controller synthesis problem can
    be solved algorithmically.
acknowledgement: This research was supported in part by the ONR YIP award N00014-95-1-0520,
  by the NSF CAREER award CCR-9501708, by the NSF grant CCR-9504469, by the AFOSR
  contract F49620-93-1-0056, by the ARO MURI contract DAAH-04-96-1-0341, by the ARO
  contract DAAL03-91-C-0027 through the MSI at Cornell University, by the ARPA grant
  NAG2-892, and by the SRC contract 95-DC-324.036.
alternative_title:
- LNCS
article_processing_charge: No
author:
- first_name: Thomas A
  full_name: Henzinger, Thomas A
  id: 40876CD8-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Henzinger
  orcid: 0000−0002−2985−7724
- first_name: Peter
  full_name: Kopke, Peter
  last_name: Kopke
citation:
  ama: 'Henzinger TA, Kopke P. Discrete-time control for rectangular hybrid automata.
    In: <i>Proceedings of the 24th International Colloquium on Automata, Languages
    and Programming</i>. Vol 1256. Springer; 1997:582-593. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-63165-8_213">10.1007/3-540-63165-8_213</a>'
  apa: 'Henzinger, T. A., &#38; Kopke, P. (1997). Discrete-time control for rectangular
    hybrid automata. In <i>Proceedings of the 24th International Colloquium on Automata,
    Languages and Programming</i> (Vol. 1256, pp. 582–593). Bologna, Italy: Springer.
    <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-63165-8_213">https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-63165-8_213</a>'
  chicago: Henzinger, Thomas A, and Peter Kopke. “Discrete-Time Control for Rectangular
    Hybrid Automata.” In <i>Proceedings of the 24th International Colloquium on Automata,
    Languages and Programming</i>, 1256:582–93. Springer, 1997. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-63165-8_213">https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-63165-8_213</a>.
  ieee: T. A. Henzinger and P. Kopke, “Discrete-time control for rectangular hybrid
    automata,” in <i>Proceedings of the 24th International Colloquium on Automata,
    Languages and Programming</i>, Bologna, Italy, 1997, vol. 1256, pp. 582–593.
  ista: 'Henzinger TA, Kopke P. 1997. Discrete-time control for rectangular hybrid
    automata. Proceedings of the 24th International Colloquium on Automata, Languages
    and Programming. ICALP: Automata, Languages and Programming, LNCS, vol. 1256,
    582–593.'
  mla: Henzinger, Thomas A., and Peter Kopke. “Discrete-Time Control for Rectangular
    Hybrid Automata.” <i>Proceedings of the 24th International Colloquium on Automata,
    Languages and Programming</i>, vol. 1256, Springer, 1997, pp. 582–93, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-63165-8_213">10.1007/3-540-63165-8_213</a>.
  short: T.A. Henzinger, P. Kopke, in:, Proceedings of the 24th International Colloquium
    on Automata, Languages and Programming, Springer, 1997, pp. 582–593.
conference:
  end_date: 1997-07-11
  location: Bologna, Italy
  name: 'ICALP: Automata, Languages and Programming'
  start_date: 1997-07-07
date_created: 2018-12-11T12:08:52Z
date_published: 1997-01-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2022-08-17T12:04:15Z
day: '01'
doi: 10.1007/3-540-63165-8_213
extern: '1'
intvolume: '      1256'
language:
- iso: eng
month: '01'
oa_version: None
page: 582 - 593
publication: Proceedings of the 24th International Colloquium on Automata, Languages
  and Programming
publication_identifier:
  isbn:
  - '9783540631651'
publication_status: published
publisher: Springer
publist_id: '289'
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: Discrete-time control for rectangular hybrid automata
type: conference
user_id: ea97e931-d5af-11eb-85d4-e6957dddbf17
volume: 1256
year: '1997'
...
---
_id: '4493'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: A hybrid system is a dynamical system whose behavior exhibits both discrete
    and continuous change. A hybrid automaton is a mathematical model for hybrid systems,
    which combines, in a single formalism, automaton transitions for capturing discrete
    change with differential equations for capturing continuous change. HyTech is
    a symbolic model checker for linear hybrid automata, a subclass of hybrid automata
    that can be analyzed automatically by computing with polyhedral state sets. A
    key feature of HyTech is its ability to perform parametric analysis, i.e., to
    determine the values of design parameters for which a linear hybrid automaton
    satisfies a temporal-logic requirement.
acknowledgement: This research was supported in part by the ONR YIP award N00014-95-1-0520,
  the NSF CAREER award CCR-501708, NSF grant CCR-9504469, AFOSR contract F49620-93-1-0056,
  ARO MURI grant DAAH-04-96-1-0341, ARPA grant  AG2-892, and SRC contract 95-DC-324.036.
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Thomas A
  full_name: Henzinger, Thomas A
  id: 40876CD8-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Henzinger
  orcid: 0000−0002−2985−7724
- first_name: Pei
  full_name: Ho, Pei
  last_name: Ho
- first_name: Howard
  full_name: Wong Toi, Howard
  last_name: Wong Toi
citation:
  ama: 'Henzinger TA, Ho P, Wong Toi H. HyTech: A model checker for hybrid systems.
    <i>Software Tools For Technology Transfer</i>. 1997;1(1-2):110-122. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s100090050008">10.1007/s100090050008</a>'
  apa: 'Henzinger, T. A., Ho, P., &#38; Wong Toi, H. (1997). HyTech: A model checker
    for hybrid systems. <i>Software Tools For Technology Transfer</i>. Springer. <a
    href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s100090050008">https://doi.org/10.1007/s100090050008</a>'
  chicago: 'Henzinger, Thomas A, Pei Ho, and Howard Wong Toi. “HyTech: A Model Checker
    for Hybrid Systems.” <i>Software Tools For Technology Transfer</i>. Springer,
    1997. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s100090050008">https://doi.org/10.1007/s100090050008</a>.'
  ieee: 'T. A. Henzinger, P. Ho, and H. Wong Toi, “HyTech: A model checker for hybrid
    systems,” <i>Software Tools For Technology Transfer</i>, vol. 1, no. 1–2. Springer,
    pp. 110–122, 1997.'
  ista: 'Henzinger TA, Ho P, Wong Toi H. 1997. HyTech: A model checker for hybrid
    systems. Software Tools For Technology Transfer. 1(1–2), 110–122.'
  mla: 'Henzinger, Thomas A., et al. “HyTech: A Model Checker for Hybrid Systems.”
    <i>Software Tools For Technology Transfer</i>, vol. 1, no. 1–2, Springer, 1997,
    pp. 110–22, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s100090050008">10.1007/s100090050008</a>.'
  short: T.A. Henzinger, P. Ho, H. Wong Toi, Software Tools For Technology Transfer
    1 (1997) 110–122.
date_created: 2018-12-11T12:09:08Z
date_published: 1997-01-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2022-08-17T11:14:15Z
day: '01'
doi: 10.1007/s100090050008
extern: '1'
intvolume: '         1'
issue: 1-2
language:
- iso: eng
month: '01'
oa_version: None
page: 110 - 122
publication: Software Tools For Technology Transfer
publication_identifier:
  issn:
  - 1433-2779
publication_status: published
publisher: Springer
publist_id: '236'
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: 'HyTech: A model checker for hybrid systems'
type: journal_article
user_id: ea97e931-d5af-11eb-85d4-e6957dddbf17
volume: 1
year: '1997'
...
---
_id: '4494'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: A hybrid system consists of a collection of digital programs that interact
    with each other and with an analog environment. Examples of hybrid systems include
    medical equipment, manufacturing controllers, automotive controllers, and robots.
    The formal analysis of the mixed digital-analog nature of these systems requires
    a model that incorporates the discrete behavior of computer programs with the
    continuous behavior of environment variables, such as temperature and pressure.
    Hybrid automata capture both types of behavior by combining finite automata with
    differential inclusions (i.e. differential inequalities). HyTech is a symbolic
    model checker for linear hybrid automata, an expressive, yet automatically analyzable,
    subclass of hybrid automata. A key feature of HyTech is its ability to perform
    parametric analysis, i.e. to determine the values of design parameters for which
    a linear hybrid automaton satisfies a temporal requirement.
acknowledgement: This research was supported in part by the ONR YIP award N00014-95-1-0520,
  by the NSF CAREER award CCR-9501708, by the NSF grant CCR-9504469, by the AFOSR
  contract F49620-93-1-0056, by the ARO MURI grant DAAH-04-96-1-0341, by the ARPA
  grant NAG2-892, and by the SRC contract 95-DC-324.036.
alternative_title:
- LNCS
article_processing_charge: No
author:
- first_name: Thomas A
  full_name: Henzinger, Thomas A
  id: 40876CD8-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Henzinger
  orcid: 0000−0002−2985−7724
- first_name: Pei
  full_name: Ho, Pei
  last_name: Ho
- first_name: Howard
  full_name: Wong Toi, Howard
  last_name: Wong Toi
citation:
  ama: 'Henzinger TA, Ho P, Wong Toi H. HyTech: A model checker for hybrid systems.
    In: Vol 1254. Springer; 1997:460-463. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-63166-6_48">10.1007/3-540-63166-6_48</a>'
  apa: 'Henzinger, T. A., Ho, P., &#38; Wong Toi, H. (1997). HyTech: A model checker
    for hybrid systems (Vol. 1254, pp. 460–463). Presented at the CAV: Computer Aided
    Verification, Haifa, Israel: Springer. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-63166-6_48">https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-63166-6_48</a>'
  chicago: 'Henzinger, Thomas A, Pei Ho, and Howard Wong Toi. “HyTech: A Model Checker
    for Hybrid Systems,” 1254:460–63. Springer, 1997. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-63166-6_48">https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-63166-6_48</a>.'
  ieee: 'T. A. Henzinger, P. Ho, and H. Wong Toi, “HyTech: A model checker for hybrid
    systems,” presented at the CAV: Computer Aided Verification, Haifa, Israel, 1997,
    vol. 1254, pp. 460–463.'
  ista: 'Henzinger TA, Ho P, Wong Toi H. 1997. HyTech: A model checker for hybrid
    systems. CAV: Computer Aided Verification, LNCS, vol. 1254, 460–463.'
  mla: 'Henzinger, Thomas A., et al. <i>HyTech: A Model Checker for Hybrid Systems</i>.
    Vol. 1254, Springer, 1997, pp. 460–63, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-63166-6_48">10.1007/3-540-63166-6_48</a>.'
  short: T.A. Henzinger, P. Ho, H. Wong Toi, in:, Springer, 1997, pp. 460–463.
conference:
  end_date: 1997-06-25
  location: Haifa, Israel
  name: 'CAV: Computer Aided Verification'
  start_date: 1997-06-22
date_created: 2018-12-11T12:09:08Z
date_published: 1997-01-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2022-08-17T11:06:13Z
day: '01'
doi: 10.1007/3-540-63166-6_48
extern: '1'
intvolume: '      1254'
language:
- iso: eng
month: '01'
oa_version: None
page: 460 - 463
publication_identifier:
  isbn:
  - '9783540631668'
publication_status: published
publisher: Springer
publist_id: '235'
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: 'HyTech: A model checker for hybrid systems'
type: conference
user_id: ea97e931-d5af-11eb-85d4-e6957dddbf17
volume: 1254
year: '1997'
...
---
_id: '4496'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: 'The simulation preorder for labeled transition systems is defined locally
    as a game that relates states with their immediate successor states. Liveness
    assumptions about transition systems are typically modeled using fairness constraints.
    Existing notions of simulation for fair transition systems, however, are not local,
    and as a result, many appealing properties of the simulation preorder are lost.
    We extend the local definition of simulation to account for fairness: system S
    fairly simulates system I iff in the simulation game, there is a strategy that
    matches with each fair computation of I a fair computation of S. Our definition
    enjoys a fully abstract semantics and has a logical characterization: S fairly
    simulates I iff every fair computation tree embedded in the unrolling of I can
    be embedded also in the unrolling of S or, equivalently, iff every Fair-AFMC formula
    satisfied by I is satisfied also by S (AFMC is the universal fragment of the alternation-free
    -calculus). The locality of the definition leads us to a polynomial-time algorithm
    for checking fair simulation for finite-state systems with weak and strong fairness
    constraints. Finally, fair simulation implies fair trace-containment, and is therefore
    useful as an efficientlycomputable local criterion for proving linear-time abstraction
    hierarchies.'
acknowledgement: This research was supported in part by the ONR YIP award N00014-95-1-0520,
  by the NSF CAREER award CCR-9501708, by the NSF grant CCR-9504469, by the AFOSR
  contract F49620-93-1-0056, by the ARO MURI grant DAAH-04-96-1-0341, by the ARPA
  grant NAG2-892, and by the SRC contract 95-DC-324.036.
alternative_title:
- LNCS
article_processing_charge: No
author:
- first_name: Thomas A
  full_name: Henzinger, Thomas A
  id: 40876CD8-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Henzinger
  orcid: 0000−0002−2985−7724
- first_name: Orna
  full_name: Kupferman, Orna
  last_name: Kupferman
- first_name: Sriram
  full_name: Rajamani, Sriram
  last_name: Rajamani
citation:
  ama: 'Henzinger TA, Kupferman O, Rajamani S. Fair simulation. In: <i>Proceedings
    of the 8th International Conference on Concurrency Theory</i>. Vol 1243. Springer;
    1997:273-287. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-63141-0_19">10.1007/3-540-63141-0_19</a>'
  apa: 'Henzinger, T. A., Kupferman, O., &#38; Rajamani, S. (1997). Fair simulation.
    In <i>Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Concurrency Theory</i>
    (Vol. 1243, pp. 273–287). Warsaw, Poland: Springer. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-63141-0_19">https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-63141-0_19</a>'
  chicago: Henzinger, Thomas A, Orna Kupferman, and Sriram Rajamani. “Fair Simulation.”
    In <i>Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Concurrency Theory</i>,
    1243:273–87. Springer, 1997. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-63141-0_19">https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-63141-0_19</a>.
  ieee: T. A. Henzinger, O. Kupferman, and S. Rajamani, “Fair simulation,” in <i>Proceedings
    of the 8th International Conference on Concurrency Theory</i>, Warsaw, Poland,
    1997, vol. 1243, pp. 273–287.
  ista: 'Henzinger TA, Kupferman O, Rajamani S. 1997. Fair simulation. Proceedings
    of the 8th International Conference on Concurrency Theory. CONCUR: Concurrency
    Theory, LNCS, vol. 1243, 273–287.'
  mla: Henzinger, Thomas A., et al. “Fair Simulation.” <i>Proceedings of the 8th International
    Conference on Concurrency Theory</i>, vol. 1243, Springer, 1997, pp. 273–87, doi:<a
    href="https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-63141-0_19">10.1007/3-540-63141-0_19</a>.
  short: T.A. Henzinger, O. Kupferman, S. Rajamani, in:, Proceedings of the 8th International
    Conference on Concurrency Theory, Springer, 1997, pp. 273–287.
conference:
  end_date: 1997-07-04
  location: Warsaw, Poland
  name: 'CONCUR: Concurrency Theory'
  start_date: 1997-07-01
date_created: 2018-12-11T12:09:09Z
date_published: 1997-01-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2022-08-17T09:09:13Z
day: '01'
doi: 10.1007/3-540-63141-0_19
extern: '1'
intvolume: '      1243'
language:
- iso: eng
month: '01'
oa_version: None
page: 273 - 287
publication: Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Concurrency Theory
publication_identifier:
  isbn:
  - '9783540631415'
publication_status: published
publisher: Springer
publist_id: '234'
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: Fair simulation
type: conference
user_id: ea97e931-d5af-11eb-85d4-e6957dddbf17
volume: 1243
year: '1997'
...
---
_id: '4520'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: 'We define robust timed automata, which are timed automata that accept all
    trajectories robustly: if a robust timed automaton accepts a trajectory, then
    it must accept neighboring trajectories also; and if a robust timed automaton
    rejects a trajectory, then it must reject neighboring trajectories also. We show
    that the emptiness problem for robust timed automata is still decidable, by modifying
    the region construction for timed automata. We then show that, like timed automata,
    robust timed automata cannot be determinized. This result is somewhat unexpected,
    given that in temporal logic, the removal of realtime equality constraints is
    known to lead to a decidable theory that is closed under all boolean operations.'
acknowledgement: The first and third author were supported in part by grants from
  ARPA and ONR. The second author was supported in part by the ONR YIP award N00014-95-1-0520,
  by the NSF CAREER award CCR-9501708, by the NSF grant CCR-9504469, by the AFOSR
  contract F49620-93-1-0056, by the ARO MURI grant DAAH-04-96-1-0341, by the ARPA
  grant NAG2-892, and by the SRC contract 95-DC-324.036. The third author was also
  supported by the NSF.
alternative_title:
- LNCS
article_processing_charge: No
author:
- first_name: Vineet
  full_name: Gupta, Vineet
  last_name: Gupta
- first_name: Thomas A
  full_name: Henzinger, Thomas A
  id: 40876CD8-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Henzinger
  orcid: 0000−0002−2985−7724
- first_name: Radha
  full_name: Jagadeesan, Radha
  last_name: Jagadeesan
citation:
  ama: 'Gupta V, Henzinger TA, Jagadeesan R. Robust timed automata. In: <i>Proceedings
    of the 5th International Workshop on Hybrid and Real-Time Systems</i>. Vol 1201.
    Springer; 1997:331-345. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/BFb0014736">10.1007/BFb0014736</a>'
  apa: 'Gupta, V., Henzinger, T. A., &#38; Jagadeesan, R. (1997). Robust timed automata.
    In <i>Proceedings of the 5th International Workshop on Hybrid and Real-Time Systems</i>
    (Vol. 1201, pp. 331–345). Grenoble, France: Springer. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/BFb0014736">https://doi.org/10.1007/BFb0014736</a>'
  chicago: Gupta, Vineet, Thomas A Henzinger, and Radha Jagadeesan. “Robust Timed
    Automata.” In <i>Proceedings of the 5th International Workshop on Hybrid and Real-Time
    Systems</i>, 1201:331–45. Springer, 1997. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/BFb0014736">https://doi.org/10.1007/BFb0014736</a>.
  ieee: V. Gupta, T. A. Henzinger, and R. Jagadeesan, “Robust timed automata,” in
    <i>Proceedings of the 5th International Workshop on Hybrid and Real-Time Systems</i>,
    Grenoble, France, 1997, vol. 1201, pp. 331–345.
  ista: 'Gupta V, Henzinger TA, Jagadeesan R. 1997. Robust timed automata. Proceedings
    of the 5th International Workshop on Hybrid and Real-Time Systems. HART: Hybrid
    and Real-Time Systems, LNCS, vol. 1201, 331–345.'
  mla: Gupta, Vineet, et al. “Robust Timed Automata.” <i>Proceedings of the 5th International
    Workshop on Hybrid and Real-Time Systems</i>, vol. 1201, Springer, 1997, pp. 331–45,
    doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/BFb0014736">10.1007/BFb0014736</a>.
  short: V. Gupta, T.A. Henzinger, R. Jagadeesan, in:, Proceedings of the 5th International
    Workshop on Hybrid and Real-Time Systems, Springer, 1997, pp. 331–345.
conference:
  end_date: 1997-03-28
  location: Grenoble, France
  name: 'HART: Hybrid and Real-Time Systems'
  start_date: 1997-03-26
date_created: 2018-12-11T12:09:17Z
date_published: 1997-01-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2022-08-17T09:04:39Z
day: '01'
doi: 10.1007/BFb0014736
extern: '1'
intvolume: '      1201'
language:
- iso: eng
month: '01'
oa_version: None
page: 331 - 345
publication: Proceedings of the 5th International Workshop on Hybrid and Real-Time
  Systems
publication_identifier:
  isbn:
  - '9783540626008'
publication_status: published
publisher: Springer
publist_id: '207'
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: Robust timed automata
type: conference
user_id: ea97e931-d5af-11eb-85d4-e6957dddbf17
volume: 1201
year: '1997'
...
