[{"publication_status":"published","citation":{"mla":"Acsády, László, et al. “Immunostaining for Substance P Receptor Labels GABAergic Cells with Distinct Termination Patterns in the Hippocampus.” Journal of Comparative Neurology, vol. 378, no. 3, Wiley-Blackwell, 1997, pp. 320–36, doi:10.1002/(SICI)1096-9861(19970217)378:3<320::AID-CNE2>3.0.CO;2-5.","ama":"Acsády L, Katona I, Gulyás A, Shigemoto R, Freund T. Immunostaining for substance P receptor labels GABAergic cells with distinct termination patterns in the hippocampus. Journal of Comparative Neurology. 1997;378(3):320-336. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1096-9861(19970217)378:3<320::AID-CNE2>3.0.CO;2-5","short":"L. Acsády, I. Katona, A. Gulyás, R. Shigemoto, T. Freund, Journal of Comparative Neurology 378 (1997) 320–336.","ista":"Acsády L, Katona I, Gulyás A, Shigemoto R, Freund T. 1997. Immunostaining for substance P receptor labels GABAergic cells with distinct termination patterns in the hippocampus. Journal of Comparative Neurology. 378(3), 320–336.","ieee":"L. Acsády, I. Katona, A. Gulyás, R. Shigemoto, and T. Freund, “Immunostaining for substance P receptor labels GABAergic cells with distinct termination patterns in the hippocampus,” Journal of Comparative Neurology, vol. 378, no. 3. Wiley-Blackwell, pp. 320–336, 1997.","apa":"Acsády, L., Katona, I., Gulyás, A., Shigemoto, R., & Freund, T. (1997). Immunostaining for substance P receptor labels GABAergic cells with distinct termination patterns in the hippocampus. Journal of Comparative Neurology. Wiley-Blackwell. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1096-9861(19970217)378:3<320::AID-CNE2>3.0.CO;2-5","chicago":"Acsády, László, István Katona, Attila Gulyás, Ryuichi Shigemoto, and Tamás Freund. “Immunostaining for Substance P Receptor Labels GABAergic Cells with Distinct Termination Patterns in the Hippocampus.” Journal of Comparative Neurology. Wiley-Blackwell, 1997. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1096-9861(19970217)378:3<320::AID-CNE2>3.0.CO;2-5."},"author":[{"first_name":"László","full_name":"Acsády, László","last_name":"Acsády"},{"first_name":"István","full_name":"Katona, István","last_name":"Katona"},{"last_name":"Gulyás","full_name":"Gulyás, Attila","first_name":"Attila"},{"first_name":"Ryuichi","orcid":"0000-0001-8761-9444","full_name":"Shigemoto, Ryuichi","last_name":"Shigemoto","id":"499F3ABC-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87"},{"full_name":"Freund, Tamás","last_name":"Freund","first_name":"Tamás"}],"abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"A specific antiserum against substance P receptor (SPR) labels nonprincipal neurons in the cerebral cortex of the rat (T. Kaneko et al. [1994], Neuroscience 60:199-211; Y. Nakaya et al. [1994], J. Comp. Neurol. 347:249-274). In the present study, we aimed to identify the types of SPR- immunoreactive neurons in the hippocampus according to their content of neurochemical markers, which label interneuron populations with distinct termination patterns. Markers for perisomatic inhibitory cells, parvalbumin and cholecystokinin (CCK), colocalized with SPR in pyramidallike basket cells in the dentate gyrus and in large multipolar or bitufted cells within all hippocampal subfields respectively. A dense meshwork of SPR-immunoreactive spiny dendrites in the hilus and stratum lucidum of the CA3 region belonged largely to inhibitory cells terminating in the distal dendritic region of granule cells, as indicated by the somatostatin and neuropeptide Y (NPY) content. In addition, SPR and NPY were colocalized in numerous multipolar interneurons with dendrites branching close to the soma. Twenty-five percent of the SPR-immunoreactive cells overlapped with calretinin-positive neurons in all hippocampal subfields, showing that interneurons specialized to contact other gamma-aminobutyric acid-ergic cells may also contain SPR. On the basis of the known termination pattern of the colocalized markers, we conclude that SPR-positive interneurons are functionally heterogeneous and participate in different inhibitory processes: (1) perisomatic inhibition of principal cells (CCK-containing cells, and parvalbumin-positive cells in the dentate gyrus), (2) feedback dendritic inhibition in the entorhinal termination zone (somatostatin and NPY-containing cells), and (3) innervation of other interneurons (calretinin-containing cells)."}],"date_updated":"2022-08-22T13:43:18Z","volume":378,"publist_id":"4408","article_processing_charge":"No","acknowledgement":"This sudy was supported by grants from the Human Frontier Science Program Organisation, the Howard Hughes Medical Institute, and OTKA (T 16942) Hungary.We are grateful to Dr. K.G. Baimbridge and to Dr. M.R.Celio (calbindin and parvalbumin), Dr. T. Go ̈rcs (CCK, VIP,NPY, and somatostatin), Dr. J.H. Rogers (calretinin), andDr. C.G. Beaulieau (GABA) for kind gifts of antisera. The excellent technical assistance of Mrs. E. Borok, Mrs. A.Z.Szabo, and Mr. G. Terstyanszky is also acknowledged","user_id":"ea97e931-d5af-11eb-85d4-e6957dddbf17","quality_controlled":"1","oa_version":"None","_id":"2493","pmid":1,"extern":"1","publication_identifier":{"issn":["0021-9967"]},"year":"1997","doi":"10.1002/(SICI)1096-9861(19970217)378:3<320::AID-CNE2>3.0.CO;2-5","external_id":{"pmid":["9034894"]},"title":"Immunostaining for substance P receptor labels GABAergic cells with distinct termination patterns in the hippocampus","type":"journal_article","day":"17","status":"public","intvolume":" 378","page":"320 - 336","issue":"3","publication":"Journal of Comparative Neurology","article_type":"original","date_published":"1997-02-17T00:00:00Z","month":"02","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"publisher":"Wiley-Blackwell","scopus_import":"1","date_created":"2018-12-11T11:57:59Z"},{"status":"public","intvolume":" 223","type":"journal_article","day":"28","page":"153 - 156","issue":"3","publication":"Neuroscience Letters","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"publisher":"Elsevier","scopus_import":"1","date_published":"1997-02-28T00:00:00Z","article_type":"original","month":"02","date_created":"2018-12-11T11:58:28Z","author":[{"last_name":"Li","full_name":"Li, He","first_name":"He"},{"full_name":"Ohishi, Hitoshi","last_name":"Ohishi","first_name":"Hitoshi"},{"first_name":"Ayae","last_name":"Kinoshita","full_name":"Kinoshita, Ayae"},{"last_name":"Shigemoto","full_name":"Shigemoto, Ryuichi","orcid":"0000-0001-8761-9444","first_name":"Ryuichi","id":"499F3ABC-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87"},{"first_name":"Sakashi","full_name":"Nomura, Sakashi","last_name":"Nomura"},{"full_name":"Mizuno, Noboru","last_name":"Mizuno","first_name":"Noboru"}],"abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"It was examined electron microscopically in the rat if a metabotropic glutamate receptor, mGluR7, might be localized in axon terminals of nociceptive, primary afferent fibers in laminae I and II of the spinal dorsal horn. Nociceptive nature of axon terminals showing mGluR7-like immunoreactivity (mGluR7-LI) was indicated by binding to the isolectin I-B4 from Griffonia simplicifolia (I-B4), or by substance P-like immunoreactivity (SP-LI). Axon terminals labeled with immunogold particles indicating mGluR7-LI were usually filled with round synaptic vesicles and were in asymmetric synaptic contact with dendritic or somatic profiles; occasionally they contained pleomorphic vesicles and were in symmetric synaptic contact with somatic profiles in lamina II. The double-labeling studies revealed that most of axon terminals with I-B4 labeling as well as a small population of axon terminals with SP-LI, showed mGluR7-LI. About one-third or much smaller population of axon terminals with mGluR7-LI in laminae I and II were labeled, respectively, with I-B4 or SP-LI; these were in asymmetric synaptic contact with dendritic profiles."}],"publication_status":"published","citation":{"chicago":"Li, He, Hitoshi Ohishi, Ayae Kinoshita, Ryuichi Shigemoto, Sakashi Nomura, and Noboru Mizuno. “Localization of a Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor, MGluR7, in Axon Terminals of Presumed Nociceptive, Primary Afferent Fibers in the Superficial Layers of the Spinal Dorsal Horn: An Electron Microscope Study in the Rat.” Neuroscience Letters. Elsevier, 1997. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0304-3940(97)13429-2.","ieee":"H. Li, H. Ohishi, A. Kinoshita, R. Shigemoto, S. Nomura, and N. Mizuno, “Localization of a metabotropic glutamate receptor, mGluR7, in axon terminals of presumed nociceptive, primary afferent fibers in the superficial layers of the spinal dorsal horn: An electron microscope study in the rat,” Neuroscience Letters, vol. 223, no. 3. Elsevier, pp. 153–156, 1997.","apa":"Li, H., Ohishi, H., Kinoshita, A., Shigemoto, R., Nomura, S., & Mizuno, N. (1997). Localization of a metabotropic glutamate receptor, mGluR7, in axon terminals of presumed nociceptive, primary afferent fibers in the superficial layers of the spinal dorsal horn: An electron microscope study in the rat. Neuroscience Letters. Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0304-3940(97)13429-2","short":"H. Li, H. Ohishi, A. Kinoshita, R. Shigemoto, S. Nomura, N. Mizuno, Neuroscience Letters 223 (1997) 153–156.","ista":"Li H, Ohishi H, Kinoshita A, Shigemoto R, Nomura S, Mizuno N. 1997. Localization of a metabotropic glutamate receptor, mGluR7, in axon terminals of presumed nociceptive, primary afferent fibers in the superficial layers of the spinal dorsal horn: An electron microscope study in the rat. Neuroscience Letters. 223(3), 153–156.","mla":"Li, He, et al. “Localization of a Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor, MGluR7, in Axon Terminals of Presumed Nociceptive, Primary Afferent Fibers in the Superficial Layers of the Spinal Dorsal Horn: An Electron Microscope Study in the Rat.” Neuroscience Letters, vol. 223, no. 3, Elsevier, 1997, pp. 153–56, doi:10.1016/S0304-3940(97)13429-2.","ama":"Li H, Ohishi H, Kinoshita A, Shigemoto R, Nomura S, Mizuno N. Localization of a metabotropic glutamate receptor, mGluR7, in axon terminals of presumed nociceptive, primary afferent fibers in the superficial layers of the spinal dorsal horn: An electron microscope study in the rat. Neuroscience Letters. 1997;223(3):153-156. doi:10.1016/S0304-3940(97)13429-2"},"user_id":"ea97e931-d5af-11eb-85d4-e6957dddbf17","acknowledgement":"We are grateful for photographic help of Mr. Akira Uesugi. We also express our gratitude for the support of Drs. Satoru Fukuchi, Ritsu Hayashi, Sohzaburo Hayashi, Mizuho Katsurada, Hitoshi Kawai, Yutaka Kitani, Toshihiko Kuroda, Keiko Kumagai, Hiroshi Matsubara, Hiroshi Matsushima, Chisato Minakuchi, Gonpei Niwa, Hajime Oda, Masahiko Ohbayashi, Sei-ichi Ohbayashi, Hiroyasu Ohtsuka, Shigeo Tamaki, Eizo Watanabe, Kazuo Yoshino, and Toshiaki Yoshino. This work was supported in part by Grant-in-Aid from Ministry of Education, Science, Culture and Sports of Japan.","oa_version":"None","quality_controlled":"1","_id":"2575","pmid":1,"publication_identifier":{"issn":["0304-3940"]},"extern":"1","publist_id":"4322","volume":223,"date_updated":"2022-08-22T13:06:30Z","article_processing_charge":"No","external_id":{"pmid":["9080455"]},"title":"Localization of a metabotropic glutamate receptor, mGluR7, in axon terminals of presumed nociceptive, primary afferent fibers in the superficial layers of the spinal dorsal horn: An electron microscope study in the rat","doi":"10.1016/S0304-3940(97)13429-2","year":"1997"},{"abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"Primary afferent neurons containing substance P (SP) are apparently implicated in the transmission of noxious information from the periphery to the central nervous system, and SP released from primary afferent neurons acts on second-order neurons with the SP receptor (SPR). In the rat, nociceptive information reached the hypothalamus not only through indirect pathways but also directly through trigeminohypothalamic and spinohypothalamic pathways. Thus, in the present study, the distribution pattern of trigeminohypothalamic and spinohypothalamic tract neurons showing SPR-like immunoreactivity (SPR-LI) was examined in the rat by a retrograde tract-tracing method combined with immunofluorescence histochemistry for SPR. A substantial number of trigeminal and spinal neurons with SPR-LI were retrogradely labeled with Fluore-Gold (FG) injected into the hypothalamic regions. These neurons were distributed mainly in lamina I of the medullary and spinal dorsal horns, lateral spinal nucleus, regions around the central canal of the spinal cord, and the lateral aspect of the deep part of the spinal dorsal horn. A number of SPR-LI neurons in the spinal parasympathetic nucleus were labeled with FG injected into the area around the paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus. Some SPR-LI neurons in the lateral spinal nucleus and the lateral aspect of the deep part of the spinal dorsal horn were also labeled with FG injected into the septal region. On the basis of the distribution areas of SPR-LI trigeminal and spinal neurons projecting to the hypothalamic and septal regions, it is likely that these neurons are involved in the transmission of somatic and/or visceral noxious information."}],"author":[{"full_name":"Li, Jin","last_name":"Li","first_name":"Jin"},{"last_name":"Kaneko","full_name":"Kaneko, Takeshi","first_name":"Takeshi"},{"full_name":"Shigemoto, Ryuichi","last_name":"Shigemoto","orcid":"0000-0001-8761-9444","first_name":"Ryuichi","id":"499F3ABC-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87"},{"first_name":"Noboru","last_name":"Mizuno","full_name":"Mizuno, Noboru"}],"publication_status":"published","citation":{"ieee":"J. Li, T. Kaneko, R. Shigemoto, and N. Mizuno, “Distribution of trigeminohypothalamic and spinohypothalamic tract neurons displaying substance P receptor-like immunoreactivity in the rat,” Journal of Comparative Neurology, vol. 378, no. 4. Wiley-Blackwell, pp. 508–521, 1997.","apa":"Li, J., Kaneko, T., Shigemoto, R., & Mizuno, N. (1997). Distribution of trigeminohypothalamic and spinohypothalamic tract neurons displaying substance P receptor-like immunoreactivity in the rat. Journal of Comparative Neurology. Wiley-Blackwell. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1096-9861(19970224)378:4<508::AID-CNE6>3.0.CO;2-6","chicago":"Li, Jin, Takeshi Kaneko, Ryuichi Shigemoto, and Noboru Mizuno. “Distribution of Trigeminohypothalamic and Spinohypothalamic Tract Neurons Displaying Substance P Receptor-like Immunoreactivity in the Rat.” Journal of Comparative Neurology. Wiley-Blackwell, 1997. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1096-9861(19970224)378:4<508::AID-CNE6>3.0.CO;2-6.","mla":"Li, Jin, et al. “Distribution of Trigeminohypothalamic and Spinohypothalamic Tract Neurons Displaying Substance P Receptor-like Immunoreactivity in the Rat.” Journal of Comparative Neurology, vol. 378, no. 4, Wiley-Blackwell, 1997, pp. 508–21, doi:10.1002/(SICI)1096-9861(19970224)378:4<508::AID-CNE6>3.0.CO;2-6.","ama":"Li J, Kaneko T, Shigemoto R, Mizuno N. Distribution of trigeminohypothalamic and spinohypothalamic tract neurons displaying substance P receptor-like immunoreactivity in the rat. Journal of Comparative Neurology. 1997;378(4):508-521. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1096-9861(19970224)378:4<508::AID-CNE6>3.0.CO;2-6","ista":"Li J, Kaneko T, Shigemoto R, Mizuno N. 1997. Distribution of trigeminohypothalamic and spinohypothalamic tract neurons displaying substance P receptor-like immunoreactivity in the rat. Journal of Comparative Neurology. 378(4), 508–521.","short":"J. Li, T. Kaneko, R. Shigemoto, N. Mizuno, Journal of Comparative Neurology 378 (1997) 508–521."},"_id":"2576","pmid":1,"publication_identifier":{"issn":["0021-9967"]},"extern":"1","acknowledgement":"This study was supported by grants 08279106 and 08458245 from the Ministry of Education, Science, Sportsand Culture of Japan. We are grateful for the photographic help of Mr. Akira Uesugi and the support of Dr. Kajitaro Morita in Morita Clinic of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Kadoma, Osaka, Japan. We also express our gratitude for the support of Drs. Satoru Fukuchi, Ritsu Hayashi,Sohzaburo Hayashi, Mizuho Katsurada, Hitoski Kawai,Yutaka Kitani, Toshihiko Kuroda, Keiko Kumagai, Hiroshi Matsubara, Hiroshi Matsushima, Chisato Minakuchi,Gonpei Niwa, Hajime Oda, Mashiko Ohbayashi, Seiichi Ohbayashi, Hiroyasu Ohtsuka, Shigeo Tamaki, EizoWatanabe, Kazuo Yoshino, and Toshiaki Yoshino.","user_id":"ea97e931-d5af-11eb-85d4-e6957dddbf17","quality_controlled":"1","oa_version":"None","volume":378,"date_updated":"2022-08-22T13:34:53Z","publist_id":"4323","article_processing_charge":"No","title":"Distribution of trigeminohypothalamic and spinohypothalamic tract neurons displaying substance P receptor-like immunoreactivity in the rat","external_id":{"pmid":["9034907"]},"doi":"10.1002/(SICI)1096-9861(19970224)378:4<508::AID-CNE6>3.0.CO;2-6","year":"1997","intvolume":" 378","status":"public","day":"24","type":"journal_article","issue":"4","publication":"Journal of Comparative Neurology","page":"508 - 521","publisher":"Wiley-Blackwell","scopus_import":"1","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"month":"02","article_type":"original","date_published":"1997-02-24T00:00:00Z","date_created":"2018-12-11T11:58:28Z"},{"title":"The regional distribution and cellular localization of mRNA encoding rat prostacyclin synthase","external_id":{"pmid":["9084989 "]},"year":"1997","_id":"2577","pmid":1,"publication_identifier":{"issn":["0171-9335"]},"extern":"1","user_id":"ea97e931-d5af-11eb-85d4-e6957dddbf17","oa_version":"None","quality_controlled":"1","publist_id":"4321","date_updated":"2022-08-22T12:50:04Z","volume":72,"article_processing_charge":"No","abstract":[{"text":"The cloned cDNA for rat prostacyclin synthase was found to contain a 1503-bp open reading frame which encoded a 501-amino acid protein sharing 84% identity with the human enzyme. RNA blot analysis revealed that the rat prostacyclin synthase mRNA, as a single species of 2.1 kb, is expressed abundantly in the aorta and uterus. High levels of expression were also observed in the stomach, lung, heart, testis, liver, and skeletal muscle. Low but significant expression was also seen in the brain and kidney. Furthermore, the regional distribution and cellular localization of prostacyclin synthase mRNA were examined by in situ hybridization analysis of rat tissue sections. The definitive signals for the mRNA were localized in smooth muscle cells of the arteries, bronchi and uterus, and in the cells of the fibrous tunic surrounding the seminiferous tubules, which are characterized as smooth muscle cells. Besides smooth muscle cells, signal were also detected in the fibroblasts of the heart myocardium, lung parenchyma cells and kidney inner medulla tubules and interstitial cells.","lang":"eng"}],"author":[{"first_name":"Yoshinori","last_name":"Tone","full_name":"Tone, Yoshinori"},{"last_name":"Inoue","full_name":"Inoue, Hiroyasu","first_name":"Hiroyasu"},{"first_name":"Shuntaro","last_name":"Hara","full_name":"Hara, Shuntaro"},{"first_name":"Chieko","full_name":"Yokoyama, Chieko","last_name":"Yokoyama"},{"last_name":"Hatae","full_name":"Hatae, Toshihisa","first_name":"Toshihisa"},{"full_name":"Oida, Hiroji","last_name":"Oida","first_name":"Hiroji"},{"first_name":"Shuh","last_name":"Narumiya","full_name":"Narumiya, Shuh"},{"id":"499F3ABC-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","orcid":"0000-0001-8761-9444","full_name":"Shigemoto, Ryuichi","last_name":"Shigemoto","first_name":"Ryuichi"},{"last_name":"Yukawa","full_name":"Yukawa, Susumu","first_name":"Susumu"},{"last_name":"Tanabe","full_name":"Tanabe, Tadashi","first_name":"Tadashi"}],"publication_status":"published","citation":{"apa":"Tone, Y., Inoue, H., Hara, S., Yokoyama, C., Hatae, T., Oida, H., … Tanabe, T. (1997). The regional distribution and cellular localization of mRNA encoding rat prostacyclin synthase. European Journal of Cell Biology. Elsevier.","ieee":"Y. Tone et al., “The regional distribution and cellular localization of mRNA encoding rat prostacyclin synthase,” European Journal of Cell Biology, vol. 72, no. 3. Elsevier, pp. 268–277, 1997.","chicago":"Tone, Yoshinori, Hiroyasu Inoue, Shuntaro Hara, Chieko Yokoyama, Toshihisa Hatae, Hiroji Oida, Shuh Narumiya, Ryuichi Shigemoto, Susumu Yukawa, and Tadashi Tanabe. “The Regional Distribution and Cellular Localization of MRNA Encoding Rat Prostacyclin Synthase.” European Journal of Cell Biology. Elsevier, 1997.","ama":"Tone Y, Inoue H, Hara S, et al. The regional distribution and cellular localization of mRNA encoding rat prostacyclin synthase. European Journal of Cell Biology. 1997;72(3):268-277.","mla":"Tone, Yoshinori, et al. “The Regional Distribution and Cellular Localization of MRNA Encoding Rat Prostacyclin Synthase.” European Journal of Cell Biology, vol. 72, no. 3, Elsevier, 1997, pp. 268–77.","ista":"Tone Y, Inoue H, Hara S, Yokoyama C, Hatae T, Oida H, Narumiya S, Shigemoto R, Yukawa S, Tanabe T. 1997. The regional distribution and cellular localization of mRNA encoding rat prostacyclin synthase. European Journal of Cell Biology. 72(3), 268–277.","short":"Y. Tone, H. Inoue, S. Hara, C. Yokoyama, T. Hatae, H. Oida, S. Narumiya, R. Shigemoto, S. Yukawa, T. Tanabe, European Journal of Cell Biology 72 (1997) 268–277."},"date_created":"2018-12-11T11:58:29Z","publisher":"Elsevier","scopus_import":"1","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"month":"03","date_published":"1997-03-01T00:00:00Z","article_type":"original","issue":"3","publication":"European Journal of Cell Biology","page":"268 - 277","intvolume":" 72","status":"public","day":"01","type":"journal_article"},{"publisher":"Wiley-Blackwell","scopus_import":"1","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"month":"05","article_type":"original","date_published":"1997-05-19T00:00:00Z","date_created":"2018-12-11T11:58:29Z","intvolume":" 381","status":"public","day":"19","type":"journal_article","issue":"4","publication":"Journal of Comparative Neurology","page":"439 - 448","title":"Relationship of NK3 receptor-immunoreactivity to subpopulations of neurons in rat spinal cord","external_id":{"pmid":["9136801 "]},"year":"1997","doi":"10.1002/(SICI)1096-9861(19970519)381:4<439::AID-CNE4>3.0.CO;2-3","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"The distribution of immunoreactivity to the neurokinin3 receptor (NK3R) was examined in segments C7, T11-12, L1-2, and L4-6 of the rat spinal cord. NK3R immunoreactivity was visualized by using two antisera generated against sequences of amino acids contained in the C-terminal region of the NK3R. NK3R-immunoreactive cells were numerous in the substantia gelatinosa of all spinal segments examined as well as the dorsal commissural nucleus of spinal segments L1-2. Isolated, immunoreactive cells were scattered throughout other regions of the spinal cord. The relationship of NK3R-immunoreactivity with neurons was demonstrated by colocalization with microtubule associated protein 2-immunoreactivity in individual cells. Within neurons, NK3R- immunoreactivity was associated predominately with the plasma membrane of cell bodies and dendrites. Within the substantia gelatinosa, 86% of nitric oxide synthase (NOS)-immunoreactive neurons were also NK3R-immunoreactive. Although NOS-immunoreactive neurons were found throughout all other regions of the spinal cord in the segments examined, these were not NK3R- immunoreactive. When preganglionic sympathetic neurons in spinal segments T11-12 and L1-2 were visualized by intraperitoneal injection of Fluorogold, less than 1% of the Fluorogold-labeled neurons were also immunoreactive for NK3R. The large number of NK3R-immunoreactive neurons in the substantia gelatinosa suggests that some effects of tachykinins an somatosensation may be mediated by NK3R."}],"author":[{"last_name":"Seybold","full_name":"Seybold, Virginia","first_name":"Virginia"},{"first_name":"Ivica","last_name":"Grković","full_name":"Grković, Ivica"},{"full_name":"Portbury, Andrea","last_name":"Portbury","first_name":"Andrea"},{"last_name":"Ding","full_name":"Ding, Yu","first_name":"Yu"},{"id":"499F3ABC-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","orcid":"0000-0001-8761-9444","last_name":"Shigemoto","full_name":"Shigemoto, Ryuichi","first_name":"Ryuichi"},{"full_name":"Mizuno, Noboru","last_name":"Mizuno","first_name":"Noboru"},{"first_name":"John","last_name":"Furness","full_name":"Furness, John"},{"full_name":"Southwell, Bridget","last_name":"Southwell","first_name":"Bridget"}],"publication_status":"published","citation":{"short":"V. Seybold, I. Grković, A. Portbury, Y. Ding, R. Shigemoto, N. Mizuno, J. Furness, B. Southwell, Journal of Comparative Neurology 381 (1997) 439–448.","ista":"Seybold V, Grković I, Portbury A, Ding Y, Shigemoto R, Mizuno N, Furness J, Southwell B. 1997. Relationship of NK3 receptor-immunoreactivity to subpopulations of neurons in rat spinal cord. Journal of Comparative Neurology. 381(4), 439–448.","mla":"Seybold, Virginia, et al. “Relationship of NK3 Receptor-Immunoreactivity to Subpopulations of Neurons in Rat Spinal Cord.” Journal of Comparative Neurology, vol. 381, no. 4, Wiley-Blackwell, 1997, pp. 439–48, doi:10.1002/(SICI)1096-9861(19970519)381:4<439::AID-CNE4>3.0.CO;2-3.","ama":"Seybold V, Grković I, Portbury A, et al. Relationship of NK3 receptor-immunoreactivity to subpopulations of neurons in rat spinal cord. Journal of Comparative Neurology. 1997;381(4):439-448. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1096-9861(19970519)381:4<439::AID-CNE4>3.0.CO;2-3","chicago":"Seybold, Virginia, Ivica Grković, Andrea Portbury, Yu Ding, Ryuichi Shigemoto, Noboru Mizuno, John Furness, and Bridget Southwell. “Relationship of NK3 Receptor-Immunoreactivity to Subpopulations of Neurons in Rat Spinal Cord.” Journal of Comparative Neurology. Wiley-Blackwell, 1997. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1096-9861(19970519)381:4<439::AID-CNE4>3.0.CO;2-3.","apa":"Seybold, V., Grković, I., Portbury, A., Ding, Y., Shigemoto, R., Mizuno, N., … Southwell, B. (1997). Relationship of NK3 receptor-immunoreactivity to subpopulations of neurons in rat spinal cord. Journal of Comparative Neurology. Wiley-Blackwell. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1096-9861(19970519)381:4<439::AID-CNE4>3.0.CO;2-3","ieee":"V. Seybold et al., “Relationship of NK3 receptor-immunoreactivity to subpopulations of neurons in rat spinal cord,” Journal of Comparative Neurology, vol. 381, no. 4. Wiley-Blackwell, pp. 439–448, 1997."},"_id":"2578","pmid":1,"publication_identifier":{"issn":["0021-9967"]},"extern":"1","acknowledgement":"The authors are grateful to Dr. Colin Anderson fordiscussions of the organization of spinal autonomic nuclei.V.S.S. was a visiting research fellow in the Department ofAnatomy and Cell Biology, University of Melbourne.","user_id":"ea97e931-d5af-11eb-85d4-e6957dddbf17","quality_controlled":"1","oa_version":"None","volume":381,"publist_id":"4320","date_updated":"2022-08-22T12:27:14Z","article_processing_charge":"No"},{"pmid":1,"_id":"2579","publication_identifier":{"issn":["0044-3794"]},"extern":"1","acknowledgement":"This work was supported by grants from the National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia and the National Science Foundation of the Peoples Republic of China. Patricia Mann is a holder of a Gastroenterological Society of Australia Post-Graduate Scholarship.","user_id":"ea97e931-d5af-11eb-85d4-e6957dddbf17","oa_version":"None","quality_controlled":"1","volume":289,"publist_id":"4319","date_updated":"2022-08-22T12:19:10Z","article_processing_charge":"No","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"The localisation of the neurokinin 3 receptor (NK3r) in the rat gastrointestinal tract has been studied by using a polyclonal antiserum against the C-terminal portion (amino acids 388-452) of the rat NK3r. In the oesophagus, immunoreactivity for the NK3r was found on smooth muscle cells of the muscularis mucosae. NK3r immunoreactivity was not present on muscle cells of other regions. Nerve cell bodies immunoreactive for NK3r were seen in the myenteric and submucous plexuses of the small and large intestine, but not in the stomach or oesophagus. Immunoreactivity was largely confined to nerve cell surfaces. The reaction product was on the cell soma and initial parts of axons. Reactivity was not seen on nerve terminals. Immunoreactive nerve cells had Dogiel Type II morphology. Patterns of co-localisation of NK3r and immunoreactivity for other markers were examined in the ileum, to provide a basis from which to deduce the functional identity of NK3r-immunoreactive nerve cells. Most of the NK3r-immunoreactive nerve cells were also immunoreactive for the calcium-binding proteins, calretinin and calbindin, and all were immunoreactive for the NK1 receptor (NK1r). Nerve cells that were immunoreactive for nitric oxide synthase were not immunoreactive for either NK3r or NK1r. The projections of the calbindin and calretinin neurons were determined by nerve lesion studies. Their morphology, projections to the mucosa and other ganglia and immunoreactivity for the calcium-binding proteins suggest that the NK3r-immunoreactive neurons are intrinsic sensory neurons."}],"author":[{"full_name":"Mann, Patricia","last_name":"Mann","first_name":"Patricia"},{"first_name":"Bridget","last_name":"Southwell","full_name":"Southwell, Bridget"},{"first_name":"Yu","last_name":"Ding","full_name":"Ding, Yu"},{"id":"499F3ABC-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","full_name":"Shigemoto, Ryuichi","last_name":"Shigemoto","orcid":"0000-0001-8761-9444","first_name":"Ryuichi"},{"full_name":"Mizuno, Noboru","last_name":"Mizuno","first_name":"Noboru"},{"first_name":"John","full_name":"Furness, John","last_name":"Furness"}],"publication_status":"published","citation":{"chicago":"Mann, Patricia, Bridget Southwell, Yu Ding, Ryuichi Shigemoto, Noboru Mizuno, and John Furness. “Localisation of Neurokinin 3 (NK3) Receptor Immunoreactivity in the Rat Gastrointestinal Tract.” Cell and Tissue Research. Springer, 1997. https://doi.org/10.1007/s004410050846.","apa":"Mann, P., Southwell, B., Ding, Y., Shigemoto, R., Mizuno, N., & Furness, J. (1997). Localisation of neurokinin 3 (NK3) receptor immunoreactivity in the rat gastrointestinal tract. Cell and Tissue Research. Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/s004410050846","ieee":"P. Mann, B. Southwell, Y. Ding, R. Shigemoto, N. Mizuno, and J. Furness, “Localisation of neurokinin 3 (NK3) receptor immunoreactivity in the rat gastrointestinal tract,” Cell and Tissue Research, vol. 289, no. 1. Springer, pp. 1–9, 1997.","ista":"Mann P, Southwell B, Ding Y, Shigemoto R, Mizuno N, Furness J. 1997. Localisation of neurokinin 3 (NK3) receptor immunoreactivity in the rat gastrointestinal tract. Cell and Tissue Research. 289(1), 1–9.","short":"P. Mann, B. Southwell, Y. Ding, R. Shigemoto, N. Mizuno, J. Furness, Cell and Tissue Research 289 (1997) 1–9.","mla":"Mann, Patricia, et al. “Localisation of Neurokinin 3 (NK3) Receptor Immunoreactivity in the Rat Gastrointestinal Tract.” Cell and Tissue Research, vol. 289, no. 1, Springer, 1997, pp. 1–9, doi:10.1007/s004410050846.","ama":"Mann P, Southwell B, Ding Y, Shigemoto R, Mizuno N, Furness J. Localisation of neurokinin 3 (NK3) receptor immunoreactivity in the rat gastrointestinal tract. Cell and Tissue Research. 1997;289(1):1-9. doi:10.1007/s004410050846"},"title":"Localisation of neurokinin 3 (NK3) receptor immunoreactivity in the rat gastrointestinal tract","external_id":{"pmid":["9182595"]},"doi":"10.1007/s004410050846","year":"1997","issue":"1","publication":"Cell and Tissue Research","page":"1 - 9","intvolume":" 289","status":"public","day":"01","type":"journal_article","date_created":"2018-12-11T11:58:29Z","publisher":"Springer","scopus_import":"1","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"month":"06","date_published":"1997-06-01T00:00:00Z","article_type":"original"},{"doi":"10.1016/S0891-0618(97)00051-3","year":"1997","title":"Differential plasma membrane distribution of metabotropic glutamate receptors mGluR1α, mGluR2 and mGluR5, relative to neurotransmitter release sites","external_id":{"pmid":["9412905"]},"citation":{"mla":"Luján, Rafael, et al. “Differential Plasma Membrane Distribution of Metabotropic Glutamate Receptors MGluR1α, MGluR2 and MGluR5, Relative to Neurotransmitter Release Sites.” Journal of Chemical Neuroanatomy, vol. 13, no. 4, Elsevier, 1997, pp. 219–41, doi:10.1016/S0891-0618(97)00051-3.","ama":"Luján R, Roberts J, Shigemoto R, Ohishi H, Somogyi P. Differential plasma membrane distribution of metabotropic glutamate receptors mGluR1α, mGluR2 and mGluR5, relative to neurotransmitter release sites. Journal of Chemical Neuroanatomy. 1997;13(4):219-241. doi:10.1016/S0891-0618(97)00051-3","short":"R. Luján, J. Roberts, R. Shigemoto, H. Ohishi, P. Somogyi, Journal of Chemical Neuroanatomy 13 (1997) 219–241.","ista":"Luján R, Roberts J, Shigemoto R, Ohishi H, Somogyi P. 1997. Differential plasma membrane distribution of metabotropic glutamate receptors mGluR1α, mGluR2 and mGluR5, relative to neurotransmitter release sites. Journal of Chemical Neuroanatomy. 13(4), 219–241.","ieee":"R. Luján, J. Roberts, R. Shigemoto, H. Ohishi, and P. Somogyi, “Differential plasma membrane distribution of metabotropic glutamate receptors mGluR1α, mGluR2 and mGluR5, relative to neurotransmitter release sites,” Journal of Chemical Neuroanatomy, vol. 13, no. 4. Elsevier, pp. 219–241, 1997.","apa":"Luján, R., Roberts, J., Shigemoto, R., Ohishi, H., & Somogyi, P. (1997). Differential plasma membrane distribution of metabotropic glutamate receptors mGluR1α, mGluR2 and mGluR5, relative to neurotransmitter release sites. Journal of Chemical Neuroanatomy. Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0891-0618(97)00051-3","chicago":"Luján, Rafael, John Roberts, Ryuichi Shigemoto, Hitoshi Ohishi, and Péter Somogyi. “Differential Plasma Membrane Distribution of Metabotropic Glutamate Receptors MGluR1α, MGluR2 and MGluR5, Relative to Neurotransmitter Release Sites.” Journal of Chemical Neuroanatomy. Elsevier, 1997. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0891-0618(97)00051-3."},"publication_status":"published","abstract":[{"text":"Two group I metabotropic glutamate receptor subtypes, mGluR1 and mGluR5, have been reported to occur in highest concentration in an annulus surrounding the edge of the postsynaptic membrane specialisation. In order to determine whether such a distribution is uniform amongst postsynaptic mGluRs, their distribution was compared quantitatively by a pre-embedding silver-intensified immunogold technique at electron microscopic level in hippocampal pyramidal cells (mGluR5), cerebellar Purkinje cells (mGluR1α) and Golgi cells (mGluR2). The results show that mGluR1α, mGluR5 and mGluR2 each have a distinct distribution in relation to the glutamatergic synaptic junctions. On dendritic spines, mGluRlα and mGluR5 showed the highest receptor density in a perisynaptic annulus (defined as within 60 nm of the edge of the synapse) followed by a decreasing extrasynaptic (60-900 nm) receptor level, but the gradient of decrease and the proportion of the perisynaptic pool (mGluR1α, ~ 50%; vs mGluR5, ~ 25%) were different for the two receptors. The distributions of mGluRlα and mGluR5 also differed significantly from simulated random distributions. In contrast, mGluR2 was not closely associated with glutamatergic synapses in the dendritic plasma membrane of cerebellar Golgi cells and its distribution relative to synapses is not different from simulated random distribution in the membrane. The somatic membrane, the axon and the synaptic boutons of the GABAergic Golgi cells also contained immunoreactive mGluR2 that is not associated with synaptic specialisations. In the hippocampal CA1 area the distribution of immunoparticles for mGluR5 on individual spines was established using serial sections. The results indicate that dendritic spines of pyramidal cells are heterogeneous with respect to the ratio of perisynaptic to extrasynaptic mGluR5 pools and about half of the immunopositive spines lack the perisynaptic pool. The quantitative comparison of receptor distributions demonstrates that mGluRlα and mGluR5, but not mGluR2, are highly compartmentalised in different plasma membrane domains. The unique distribution of each mGluR subtype may reflect requirements for different transduction and effector mechanisms between cell types and different domains of the same cell, and suggests that the precise placement of receptors is a crucial factor contributing to neuronal communication.","lang":"eng"}],"author":[{"first_name":"Rafael","full_name":"Luján, Rafael","last_name":"Luján"},{"last_name":"Roberts","full_name":"Roberts, John","first_name":"John"},{"first_name":"Ryuichi","last_name":"Shigemoto","full_name":"Shigemoto, Ryuichi","orcid":"0000-0001-8761-9444","id":"499F3ABC-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87"},{"full_name":"Ohishi, Hitoshi","last_name":"Ohishi","first_name":"Hitoshi"},{"first_name":"Péter","last_name":"Somogyi","full_name":"Somogyi, Péter"}],"article_processing_charge":"No","date_updated":"2022-08-22T12:12:03Z","publist_id":"4318","volume":13,"publication_identifier":{"issn":["0891-0618"]},"extern":"1","_id":"2580","pmid":1,"quality_controlled":"1","oa_version":"None","acknowledgement":"The authors are grateful to Dr Tibor Szilagyi and Mr Laszlo Marton for advice, helpful discussions, providing the simulations of receptor distribution and the cylindrical approximation of dendritic surface (L.M.). The brain of a mGluR2 deficient mouse was kindly provided by Drs M. Yokoi and S. Nakanishi for testing of the specificity of one of the antibodies. The authors also thank Dr Jeff McIlhinney for critical comments and Dr Zoltan Nusser for help with the statistics, for helpful discussion during the project and for his comments on an earlier version of the manuscript. The technical assistance of Ms Zahida Ahmad and the photographic assistance of Mr Frank Kennedy, Mr Paul Jays and Mr Akira Uesugi are acknowledged. This work was partly supported by grants from the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, the British Council and the Royal Society.","user_id":"ea97e931-d5af-11eb-85d4-e6957dddbf17","month":"10","date_published":"1997-10-04T00:00:00Z","article_type":"original","scopus_import":"1","publisher":"Elsevier","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"date_created":"2018-12-11T11:58:30Z","day":"04","type":"journal_article","intvolume":" 13","status":"public","publication":"Journal of Chemical Neuroanatomy","issue":"4","page":"219 - 241"},{"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"scopus_import":"1","publisher":"Wiley-Blackwell","date_published":"1997-11-17T00:00:00Z","article_type":"original","month":"11","date_created":"2018-12-11T11:58:30Z","status":"public","intvolume":" 388","type":"journal_article","day":"17","page":"250 - 264","publication":"Journal of Comparative Neurology","issue":"2","title":"Collateral projections from striatonigral neurons to substance P receptor-expressing intrinsic neurons in the striatum of the rat","external_id":{"pmid":["9368840"]},"doi":"10.1002/(SICI)1096-9861(19971117)388:2<250::AID-CNE5>3.0.CO;2-0","year":"1997","author":[{"first_name":"Teffy","last_name":"Lee","full_name":"Lee, Teffy"},{"full_name":"Kaneko, Takeshi","last_name":"Kaneko","first_name":"Takeshi"},{"first_name":"Ryuichi","orcid":"0000-0001-8761-9444","last_name":"Shigemoto","full_name":"Shigemoto, Ryuichi","id":"499F3ABC-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87"},{"first_name":"Sakashi","full_name":"Nomura, Sakashi","last_name":"Nomura"},{"full_name":"Mizuno, Noboru","last_name":"Mizuno","first_name":"Noboru"}],"abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"It is well known that striatonigral neurons produce substance P (SP); however, no SP receptor (SPR) has so far been found in the substantia nigra. On the other hand, a previous study in the rat striatum indicated that SPR was expressed only in cholinergic or somatostatinergic intrinsic neurons (Kaneko et al. [1993] Brain Res. 631:297-303). Thus, it was assumed that SP produced by striatenigral neurons might be released through their intrastriatal axon collaterals to act upon intrinsic neurons in the striatum. To confirm this assumption, the distribution of axon collaterals of striatonigral neurons was examined in the striatum of the rat. The experiments were performed on brain slices by combining retrograde labeling with tetramethylrhodamine-dextran amine, electrophysiological recording, intracellular staining with biocytin, and immunocytochemistry for SPR. The distribution of axons of cholinergic striatal neurons (a group of SP-negative intrinsic striatal neurons) was also examined. It was observed that 16% of varicosities of intrastriatal axon collaterals of striatonigral neurons, as well as 6% of axonal varicosities of cholinergic neurons, were in close apposition to dendrites and cell bodies of SPB-immunoreactive striatal neurons. Since SPR-immunoreactive striatal neurons constituted only 2.7% of the total population of striatal neurons (Kaneko et al. [1993] Brain Res. 631:297-303), it appeared that axonal varicosities of striatonigral neurons were preferentially apposed to SPR-immunoreactive striatal neurons and that the varicosities in close apposition to SPR-immunoreactive neurons were derived more frequently from striatonigral neurons than from cholinergic interneurons. Confocal laser scanning microscopy indicated that axonal varicosities in close apposition to SPR-immunoreactive cells showed synaptophysin immunoreactivity, a marker of synaptic vesicles. In intrastriatal axons of striatonigral neurons, it was further revealed from electron microscopy that axonal varicosities in close apposition to SPR- immunoreactive dendrites, at least a part of them, made synapses of the symmetric type. Striatonigral neurons might release SP preferentially around cholinergic or somatostatinergic intrinsic neurons to regulate them through SP-SPR interactions."}],"citation":{"chicago":"Lee, Teffy, Takeshi Kaneko, Ryuichi Shigemoto, Sakashi Nomura, and Noboru Mizuno. “Collateral Projections from Striatonigral Neurons to Substance P Receptor-Expressing Intrinsic Neurons in the Striatum of the Rat.” Journal of Comparative Neurology. Wiley-Blackwell, 1997. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1096-9861(19971117)388:2<250::AID-CNE5>3.0.CO;2-0.","ieee":"T. Lee, T. Kaneko, R. Shigemoto, S. Nomura, and N. Mizuno, “Collateral projections from striatonigral neurons to substance P receptor-expressing intrinsic neurons in the striatum of the rat,” Journal of Comparative Neurology, vol. 388, no. 2. Wiley-Blackwell, pp. 250–264, 1997.","apa":"Lee, T., Kaneko, T., Shigemoto, R., Nomura, S., & Mizuno, N. (1997). Collateral projections from striatonigral neurons to substance P receptor-expressing intrinsic neurons in the striatum of the rat. Journal of Comparative Neurology. Wiley-Blackwell. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1096-9861(19971117)388:2<250::AID-CNE5>3.0.CO;2-0","short":"T. Lee, T. Kaneko, R. Shigemoto, S. Nomura, N. Mizuno, Journal of Comparative Neurology 388 (1997) 250–264.","ista":"Lee T, Kaneko T, Shigemoto R, Nomura S, Mizuno N. 1997. Collateral projections from striatonigral neurons to substance P receptor-expressing intrinsic neurons in the striatum of the rat. Journal of Comparative Neurology. 388(2), 250–264.","ama":"Lee T, Kaneko T, Shigemoto R, Nomura S, Mizuno N. Collateral projections from striatonigral neurons to substance P receptor-expressing intrinsic neurons in the striatum of the rat. Journal of Comparative Neurology. 1997;388(2):250-264. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1096-9861(19971117)388:2<250::AID-CNE5>3.0.CO;2-0","mla":"Lee, Teffy, et al. “Collateral Projections from Striatonigral Neurons to Substance P Receptor-Expressing Intrinsic Neurons in the Striatum of the Rat.” Journal of Comparative Neurology, vol. 388, no. 2, Wiley-Blackwell, 1997, pp. 250–64, doi:10.1002/(SICI)1096-9861(19971117)388:2<250::AID-CNE5>3.0.CO;2-0."},"publication_status":"published","quality_controlled":"1","oa_version":"None","user_id":"ea97e931-d5af-11eb-85d4-e6957dddbf17","acknowledgement":"The authors are grateful for the photographic help of Mr.A. Uesugi. We also express our gratitude for the support ofDrs. Satoru Fukuchi, Ritsu Hayashi, Sohzaburo Hayashi,Mizuho Katsurada, Hitoshi Kawai, Yutaka Kitani, Toshi-hiko Kuroda, Keiko Kumagai, Hiroshi Matsubara, HiroshiMatsushima, Chisato Minakuchi, Gonpei Niwa, HajimeOda, Masahiko Ohbayashi, Sei-ichi Ohbayashi, Hiroyasu Ohtsuka, Shigeo Tamaki, Eizo Watanabe, Kazuo Yoshino,and Toshiaki Yoshino.","publication_identifier":{"issn":["0021-9967"]},"extern":"1","pmid":1,"_id":"2581","article_processing_charge":"No","volume":388,"date_updated":"2022-08-22T10:03:38Z","publist_id":"4316"},{"abstract":[{"text":"Neurotransmission in the hippocampus is modulated variously through presynaptic metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs). To establish the precise localization of presynaptic mGluRs in the rat hippocampus, we used subtype-specific antibodies for eight mGluRs (mGluR1-mGluR8) for immunohistochemistry combined with lesioning of the three major hippocampal pathways: the perforant path, mossy fiber, and Schaffer collateral. Immunoreactivity for group II (mGluR2) and group III (mGluR4a, mGluR7a, mGluR7b, and mGluR8) mGluRs was predominantly localized to presynaptic elements, whereas that for group I mGluRs (mGluR1 and mGluR5) was localized to postsynaptic elements. The medial perforant path was strongly immunoreactive for mGluR2 and mGluR7a throughout the hippocampus, and the lateral perforant path was prominently immunoreactive for mGluR8 in the dentate gyrus and CA3 area. The messy fiber was labeled for mGluR2, mGluR7a, and mGluR7b, whereas the Schaffer collateral was labeled only for mGluR7a. Electron microscopy further revealed the spatial segregation of group II and group III mGluRs within presynaptic elements. Immunolabeling for the group III receptors was predominantly observed in presynaptic active zones of asymmetrical and symmetrical synapses, whereas that for the group II receptor (mGluR2) was found in preterminal rather than terminal portions of axons. Target cell-specific segregation of receptors, first reported for mGluR7a (Shigemoto et al., 1996), was also apparent for the other group III mGluRs, suggesting that transmitter release is differentially regulated by 2-amino- 4-phosphonobutyrate-sensitive mGluRs in individual synapses on single axons according to the identity of postsynaptic neurons.","lang":"eng"}],"author":[{"id":"499F3ABC-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","first_name":"Ryuichi","orcid":"0000-0001-8761-9444","full_name":"Shigemoto, Ryuichi","last_name":"Shigemoto"},{"full_name":"Kinoshita, Ayae","last_name":"Kinoshita","first_name":"Ayae"},{"first_name":"Eiki","full_name":"Wada, Eiki","last_name":"Wada"},{"first_name":"Sakashi","full_name":"Nomura, Sakashi","last_name":"Nomura"},{"full_name":"Ohishi, Hitoshi","last_name":"Ohishi","first_name":"Hitoshi"},{"first_name":"Masahiko","full_name":"Takada, Masahiko","last_name":"Takada"},{"last_name":"Flor","full_name":"Flor, Peter","first_name":"Peter"},{"first_name":"Akio","last_name":"Neki","full_name":"Neki, Akio"},{"first_name":"Takaaki","full_name":"Abe, Takaaki","last_name":"Abe"},{"last_name":"Nakanishi","full_name":"Nakanishi, Shigetada","first_name":"Shigetada"},{"first_name":"Noboru","last_name":"Mizuno","full_name":"Mizuno, Noboru"}],"publication_status":"published","citation":{"ista":"Shigemoto R, Kinoshita A, Wada E, Nomura S, Ohishi H, Takada M, Flor P, Neki A, Abe T, Nakanishi S, Mizuno N. 1997. Differential presynaptic localization of metabotropic glutamate receptor subtypes in the rat hippocampus. Journal of Neuroscience. 17(19), 7503–7522.","short":"R. Shigemoto, A. Kinoshita, E. Wada, S. Nomura, H. Ohishi, M. Takada, P. Flor, A. Neki, T. Abe, S. Nakanishi, N. Mizuno, Journal of Neuroscience 17 (1997) 7503–7522.","ama":"Shigemoto R, Kinoshita A, Wada E, et al. Differential presynaptic localization of metabotropic glutamate receptor subtypes in the rat hippocampus. Journal of Neuroscience. 1997;17(19):7503-7522. doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.17-19-07503.1997","mla":"Shigemoto, Ryuichi, et al. “Differential Presynaptic Localization of Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor Subtypes in the Rat Hippocampus.” Journal of Neuroscience, vol. 17, no. 19, Society for Neuroscience, 1997, pp. 7503–22, doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.17-19-07503.1997.","chicago":"Shigemoto, Ryuichi, Ayae Kinoshita, Eiki Wada, Sakashi Nomura, Hitoshi Ohishi, Masahiko Takada, Peter Flor, et al. “Differential Presynaptic Localization of Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor Subtypes in the Rat Hippocampus.” Journal of Neuroscience. Society for Neuroscience, 1997. https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.17-19-07503.1997.","ieee":"R. Shigemoto et al., “Differential presynaptic localization of metabotropic glutamate receptor subtypes in the rat hippocampus,” Journal of Neuroscience, vol. 17, no. 19. Society for Neuroscience, pp. 7503–7522, 1997.","apa":"Shigemoto, R., Kinoshita, A., Wada, E., Nomura, S., Ohishi, H., Takada, M., … Mizuno, N. (1997). Differential presynaptic localization of metabotropic glutamate receptor subtypes in the rat hippocampus. Journal of Neuroscience. Society for Neuroscience. https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.17-19-07503.1997"},"pmid":1,"_id":"2582","extern":"1","publication_identifier":{"issn":["0270-6474"]},"user_id":"ea97e931-d5af-11eb-85d4-e6957dddbf17","acknowledgement":"This work was supported by research grants from the Inamori Foundation and the Ministry of Education, Science, Sports and Culture of Japan. We thank Peter Somogyi for helpful discussion, David Roberts for technical assistance, and Akira Uesugi for photographic assistance. We are grateful to Atsu Aiba, David Hampson, John Roder, and Herman van der Putten for providing us with mGluR1-, mGluR4-, mGluR5-, and mGluR7-deficient mice, respectively, and to Corrado Corti and Francesco Ferraguti for sharing rat mGluR8 cDNA and unpublished results.","oa_version":"Published Version","quality_controlled":"1","date_updated":"2022-08-22T11:32:01Z","oa":1,"publist_id":"4317","volume":17,"article_processing_charge":"No","title":"Differential presynaptic localization of metabotropic glutamate receptor subtypes in the rat hippocampus","external_id":{"pmid":["9295396"]},"doi":"10.1523/JNEUROSCI.17-19-07503.1997","year":"1997","main_file_link":[{"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6573434/","open_access":"1"}],"intvolume":" 17","status":"public","day":"01","type":"journal_article","issue":"19","publication":"Journal of Neuroscience","page":"7503 - 7522","publisher":"Society for Neuroscience","scopus_import":"1","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"month":"10","article_type":"original","date_published":"1997-10-01T00:00:00Z","date_created":"2018-12-11T11:58:30Z"},{"date_created":"2018-12-11T11:59:17Z","month":"03","date_published":"1997-03-01T00:00:00Z","article_type":"original","scopus_import":"1","publisher":"American Institute of Physics","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"publication":"Journal of Mathematical Physics","issue":"3","page":"1289 - 1317","day":"01","type":"journal_article","intvolume":" 38","status":"public","year":"1997","doi":"10.1063/1.531909","title":"Dia- and paramagnetism for nonhomogeneous magnetic fields","article_processing_charge":"No","date_updated":"2022-08-22T09:48:50Z","volume":38,"publist_id":"4165","extern":"1","publication_identifier":{"issn":["0022-2488"]},"_id":"2727","oa_version":"None","quality_controlled":"1","user_id":"ea97e931-d5af-11eb-85d4-e6957dddbf17","acknowledgement":"This work was started in the stimulating environment and with the financial support of the PCMI Summer School on Probability Theory ~IAS Princeton, 1996!. The author also expresses his gratitude to M. Loss and B. Thaller for explaining their paper to him.","citation":{"apa":"Erdös, L. (1997). Dia- and paramagnetism for nonhomogeneous magnetic fields. Journal of Mathematical Physics. American Institute of Physics. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.531909","ieee":"L. Erdös, “Dia- and paramagnetism for nonhomogeneous magnetic fields,” Journal of Mathematical Physics, vol. 38, no. 3. American Institute of Physics, pp. 1289–1317, 1997.","chicago":"Erdös, László. “Dia- and Paramagnetism for Nonhomogeneous Magnetic Fields.” Journal of Mathematical Physics. American Institute of Physics, 1997. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.531909.","ama":"Erdös L. Dia- and paramagnetism for nonhomogeneous magnetic fields. Journal of Mathematical Physics. 1997;38(3):1289-1317. doi:10.1063/1.531909","mla":"Erdös, László. “Dia- and Paramagnetism for Nonhomogeneous Magnetic Fields.” Journal of Mathematical Physics, vol. 38, no. 3, American Institute of Physics, 1997, pp. 1289–317, doi:10.1063/1.531909.","short":"L. Erdös, Journal of Mathematical Physics 38 (1997) 1289–1317.","ista":"Erdös L. 1997. Dia- and paramagnetism for nonhomogeneous magnetic fields. Journal of Mathematical Physics. 38(3), 1289–1317."},"publication_status":"published","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"Diamagnetism of the magnetic Schrödinger operator and paramagnetism of the Pauli operator are rigorously proven for nonhomogeneous magnetic fields in the large field, in the large temperature and in the semiclassical asymptotic regimes. New counterexamples are presented which show that neither dia-nor paramagnetism is true in a robust sense (without asymptotics). In particular, we demonstrate that the recent diamagnetic comparison result by Loss and Thaller [M. Loss and B. Thaller, Commun. Math. Phys. (submitted)] is essentially the best one can hope for."}],"author":[{"first_name":"László","full_name":"Erdös, László","last_name":"Erdös","orcid":"0000-0001-5366-9603","id":"4DBD5372-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87"}]},{"citation":{"mla":"Erdös, László, and Jan Solovej. “Semiclassical Eigenvalue Estimates for the Pauli Operator with Strong Non-Homogeneous Magnetic Fields, II. Leading Order Asymptotic Estimates.” Communications in Mathematical Physics, vol. 188, no. 3, Springer, 1997, pp. 599–656, doi:10.1007/s002200050181.","ama":"Erdös L, Solovej J. Semiclassical eigenvalue estimates for the Pauli operator with strong non-homogeneous magnetic fields, II. Leading order asymptotic estimates. Communications in Mathematical Physics. 1997;188(3):599-656. doi:10.1007/s002200050181","short":"L. Erdös, J. Solovej, Communications in Mathematical Physics 188 (1997) 599–656.","ista":"Erdös L, Solovej J. 1997. Semiclassical eigenvalue estimates for the Pauli operator with strong non-homogeneous magnetic fields, II. Leading order asymptotic estimates. Communications in Mathematical Physics. 188(3), 599–656.","apa":"Erdös, L., & Solovej, J. (1997). Semiclassical eigenvalue estimates for the Pauli operator with strong non-homogeneous magnetic fields, II. Leading order asymptotic estimates. Communications in Mathematical Physics. Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/s002200050181","ieee":"L. Erdös and J. Solovej, “Semiclassical eigenvalue estimates for the Pauli operator with strong non-homogeneous magnetic fields, II. Leading order asymptotic estimates,” Communications in Mathematical Physics, vol. 188, no. 3. Springer, pp. 599–656, 1997.","chicago":"Erdös, László, and Jan Solovej. “Semiclassical Eigenvalue Estimates for the Pauli Operator with Strong Non-Homogeneous Magnetic Fields, II. Leading Order Asymptotic Estimates.” Communications in Mathematical Physics. Springer, 1997. https://doi.org/10.1007/s002200050181."},"publication_status":"published","author":[{"id":"4DBD5372-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","first_name":"László","full_name":"Erdös, László","last_name":"Erdös","orcid":"0000-0001-5366-9603"},{"last_name":"Solovej","full_name":"Solovej, Jan","first_name":"Jan"}],"abstract":[{"text":"We give the leading order semiclassical asymptotics for the sum of the negative eigenvalues of the Pauli operator (in dimension two and three) with a strong non-homogeneous magnetic field. As in [LSY-II] for homogeneous field, this result can be used to prove that the magnetic Thomas-Fermi theory gives the leading order ground state energy of large atoms. We develop a new localization scheme well suited to the anisotropic character of the strong magnetic field. We also use the basic Lieb-Thirring estimate obtained in our companion paper [ES-I].","lang":"eng"}],"article_processing_charge":"No","date_updated":"2022-08-22T09:25:09Z","volume":188,"publist_id":"4164","quality_controlled":"1","oa_version":"None","acknowledgement":"L. E. gratefully acknowledges financial support from the Forschungsinstitut fur Mathematik, ETH, Zurich, where this work was started. He is also grateful for the hospitality and support of Aarhus University during his visits. The authors wish to thank the referee for the careful reading of the manuscript and the many helpful remarks and suggestions.","user_id":"ea97e931-d5af-11eb-85d4-e6957dddbf17","publication_identifier":{"issn":["0010-3616"]},"extern":"1","_id":"2729","doi":"10.1007/s002200050181","year":"1997","title":"Semiclassical eigenvalue estimates for the Pauli operator with strong non-homogeneous magnetic fields, II. Leading order asymptotic estimates","type":"journal_article","day":"01","status":"public","intvolume":" 188","page":"599 - 656","publication":"Communications in Mathematical Physics","issue":"3","date_published":"1997-10-01T00:00:00Z","article_type":"original","month":"10","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"scopus_import":"1","publisher":"Springer","date_created":"2018-12-11T11:59:18Z"},{"quality_controlled":"1","oa_version":"None","user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","acknowledgement":"We would like to thank Mike Burrows, Allan Heydon, Hal Murray, Sharon Perl, and Sharon Smith for helpful comments that greatly improved the content and presentation of this article; the anonymous referees for SOSP and TOCS also provided numerous helpful comments. We would also like to thank Dawson Engler for initially suggesting the use of interprocessor interrupts to avoid expensive synchronization operations in the interrupt handler, Mitch Lichtenberg for his work on the Alpha/NT version of our system and in general for his help and suggestions on the project, and the developers of iprobe for supplying us with source code that helped us get off the ground in building the early versions of our data collection system. Finally, we would like to thank Gary Carleton and Bob Davies of Intel for answering our questions about VTune and Marty Itzkowitz of SGI for answering our questions about SpeedShop.","extern":"1","publication_identifier":{"eissn":["1557-7333"],"issn":["0734-2071"]},"_id":"11666","article_processing_charge":"No","date_updated":"2022-09-09T12:00:13Z","volume":15,"author":[{"full_name":"Anderson, Jennifer M.","last_name":"Anderson","first_name":"Jennifer M."},{"first_name":"Lance M.","last_name":"Berc","full_name":"Berc, Lance M."},{"full_name":"Dean, Jeffrey","last_name":"Dean","first_name":"Jeffrey"},{"first_name":"Sanjay","full_name":"Ghemawat, Sanjay","last_name":"Ghemawat"},{"id":"540c9bbd-f2de-11ec-812d-d04a5be85630","orcid":"0000-0002-5008-6530","last_name":"Henzinger","full_name":"Henzinger, Monika H","first_name":"Monika H"},{"first_name":"Shun-Tak A.","full_name":"Leung, Shun-Tak A.","last_name":"Leung"},{"full_name":"Sites, Richard L.","last_name":"Sites","first_name":"Richard L."},{"first_name":"Mark T.","last_name":"Vandevoorde","full_name":"Vandevoorde, Mark T."},{"last_name":"Waldspurger","full_name":"Waldspurger, Carl A.","first_name":"Carl A."},{"full_name":"Weihl, William E.","last_name":"Weihl","first_name":"William E."}],"abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"This article describes the Digital Continuous Profiling Infrastructure, a sampling-based profiling system designed to run continuously on production systems. The system supports multiprocessors, works on unmodified executables, and collects profiles for entire systems, including user programs, shared libraries, and the operating system kernel. Samples are collected at a high rate (over 5200 samples/sec. per 333MHz processor), yet with low overhead (1–3% slowdown for most workloads). Analysis tools supplied with the profiling system use the sample data to produce a precise and accurate accounting, down to the level of pipeline stalls incurred by individual instructions, of where time is bring spent. When instructions incur stalls, the tools identify possible reasons, such as cache misses, branch mispredictions, and functional unit contention. The fine-grained instruction-level analysis guides users and automated optimizers to the causes of performance problems and provides important insights for fixing them."}],"citation":{"chicago":"Anderson, Jennifer M., Lance M. Berc, Jeffrey Dean, Sanjay Ghemawat, Monika H Henzinger, Shun-Tak A. Leung, Richard L. Sites, Mark T. Vandevoorde, Carl A. Waldspurger, and William E. Weihl. “Continuous Profiling: Where Have All the Cycles Gone?” ACM Transactions on Computer Systems. Association for Computing Machinery, 1997. https://doi.org/10.1145/265924.265925.","ieee":"J. M. Anderson et al., “Continuous profiling: Where have all the cycles gone?,” ACM Transactions on Computer Systems, vol. 15, no. 4. Association for Computing Machinery, pp. 357–390, 1997.","apa":"Anderson, J. M., Berc, L. M., Dean, J., Ghemawat, S., Henzinger, M. H., Leung, S.-T. A., … Weihl, W. E. (1997). Continuous profiling: Where have all the cycles gone? ACM Transactions on Computer Systems. Association for Computing Machinery. https://doi.org/10.1145/265924.265925","short":"J.M. Anderson, L.M. Berc, J. Dean, S. Ghemawat, M.H. Henzinger, S.-T.A. Leung, R.L. Sites, M.T. Vandevoorde, C.A. Waldspurger, W.E. Weihl, ACM Transactions on Computer Systems 15 (1997) 357–390.","ista":"Anderson JM, Berc LM, Dean J, Ghemawat S, Henzinger MH, Leung S-TA, Sites RL, Vandevoorde MT, Waldspurger CA, Weihl WE. 1997. Continuous profiling: Where have all the cycles gone? ACM Transactions on Computer Systems. 15(4), 357–390.","ama":"Anderson JM, Berc LM, Dean J, et al. Continuous profiling: Where have all the cycles gone? ACM Transactions on Computer Systems. 1997;15(4):357-390. doi:10.1145/265924.265925","mla":"Anderson, Jennifer M., et al. “Continuous Profiling: Where Have All the Cycles Gone?” ACM Transactions on Computer Systems, vol. 15, no. 4, Association for Computing Machinery, 1997, pp. 357–90, doi:10.1145/265924.265925."},"publication_status":"published","title":"Continuous profiling: Where have all the cycles gone?","doi":"10.1145/265924.265925","year":"1997","page":"357-390","publication":"ACM Transactions on Computer Systems","issue":"4","status":"public","intvolume":" 15","type":"journal_article","day":"01","date_created":"2022-07-27T11:42:25Z","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"scopus_import":"1","publisher":"Association for Computing Machinery","article_type":"original","date_published":"1997-11-01T00:00:00Z","month":"11"},{"intvolume":" 24","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"This paper presents insertions-only algorithms for maintaining the exact and/or approximate size of the minimum edge cut and the minimum vertex cut of a graph. The algorithms output the approximate or exact sizekin timeO(1) and a cut of sizekin time linear in its size. For the minimum edge cut problem and for any 0 < ε ≤ 1, the amortized time per insertion isO(1/ε2) for a (2 + ε)-approximation,O((log λ)((log n)/ε)2) for a (1 + ε)-approximation, andO(λ log n) for the exact size, wherenis the number of nodes in the graph and λ is the size of the minimum cut. The (2 + ε)-approximation algorithm and the exact algorithm are deterministic; the (1 + ε)-approximation algorithm is randomized. We also present a static 2-approximation algorithm for the size κ of the minimum vertex cut in a graph, which takes time. This is a factor of κ faster than the best algorithm for computing the exact size, which takes time. We give an insertions-only algorithm for maintaining a (2 + ε)-approximation of the minimum vertex cut with amortized insertion timeO(n/ε)."}],"author":[{"id":"540c9bbd-f2de-11ec-812d-d04a5be85630","orcid":"0000-0002-5008-6530","full_name":"Henzinger, Monika H","last_name":"Henzinger","first_name":"Monika H"}],"status":"public","publication_status":"published","day":"01","citation":{"apa":"Henzinger, M. H. (1997). A static 2-approximation algorithm for vertex connectivity and incremental approximation algorithms for edge and vertex connectivity. Journal of Algorithms. Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1006/jagm.1997.0855","ieee":"M. H. Henzinger, “A static 2-approximation algorithm for vertex connectivity and incremental approximation algorithms for edge and vertex connectivity,” Journal of Algorithms, vol. 24, no. 1. Elsevier, pp. 194–220, 1997.","chicago":"Henzinger, Monika H. “A Static 2-Approximation Algorithm for Vertex Connectivity and Incremental Approximation Algorithms for Edge and Vertex Connectivity.” Journal of Algorithms. Elsevier, 1997. https://doi.org/10.1006/jagm.1997.0855.","mla":"Henzinger, Monika H. “A Static 2-Approximation Algorithm for Vertex Connectivity and Incremental Approximation Algorithms for Edge and Vertex Connectivity.” Journal of Algorithms, vol. 24, no. 1, Elsevier, 1997, pp. 194–220, doi:10.1006/jagm.1997.0855.","ama":"Henzinger MH. A static 2-approximation algorithm for vertex connectivity and incremental approximation algorithms for edge and vertex connectivity. Journal of Algorithms. 1997;24(1):194-220. doi:10.1006/jagm.1997.0855","ista":"Henzinger MH. 1997. A static 2-approximation algorithm for vertex connectivity and incremental approximation algorithms for edge and vertex connectivity. Journal of Algorithms. 24(1), 194–220.","short":"M.H. Henzinger, Journal of Algorithms 24 (1997) 194–220."},"type":"journal_article","_id":"11765","extern":"1","publication_identifier":{"issn":["0196-6774"]},"user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","quality_controlled":"1","oa_version":"None","issue":"1","publication":"Journal of Algorithms","date_updated":"2022-09-12T09:15:38Z","volume":24,"article_processing_charge":"No","page":"194-220","publisher":"Elsevier","title":"A static 2-approximation algorithm for vertex connectivity and incremental approximation algorithms for edge and vertex connectivity","scopus_import":"1","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"doi":"10.1006/jagm.1997.0855","year":"1997","month":"07","date_published":"1997-07-01T00:00:00Z","article_type":"original","date_created":"2022-08-08T12:18:38Z"},{"main_file_link":[{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1006/jcss.1997.1493","open_access":"1"}],"doi":"10.1006/jcss.1997.1493","year":"1997","title":"Faster shortest-path algorithms for planar graphs","oa":1,"volume":55,"date_updated":"2022-09-12T10:46:21Z","article_processing_charge":"No","user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","oa_version":"Published Version","quality_controlled":"1","_id":"11767","extern":"1","publication_identifier":{"issn":["0022-0000"]},"publication_status":"published","citation":{"mla":"Henzinger, Monika H., et al. “Faster Shortest-Path Algorithms for Planar Graphs.” Journal of Computer and System Sciences, vol. 55, no. 1, Elsevier, 1997, pp. 3–23, doi:10.1006/jcss.1997.1493.","ama":"Henzinger MH, Klein P, Rao S, Subramanian S. Faster shortest-path algorithms for planar graphs. Journal of Computer and System Sciences. 1997;55(1):3-23. doi:10.1006/jcss.1997.1493","ista":"Henzinger MH, Klein P, Rao S, Subramanian S. 1997. Faster shortest-path algorithms for planar graphs. Journal of Computer and System Sciences. 55(1), 3–23.","short":"M.H. Henzinger, P. Klein, S. Rao, S. Subramanian, Journal of Computer and System Sciences 55 (1997) 3–23.","apa":"Henzinger, M. H., Klein, P., Rao, S., & Subramanian, S. (1997). Faster shortest-path algorithms for planar graphs. Journal of Computer and System Sciences. Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1006/jcss.1997.1493","ieee":"M. H. Henzinger, P. Klein, S. Rao, and S. Subramanian, “Faster shortest-path algorithms for planar graphs,” Journal of Computer and System Sciences, vol. 55, no. 1. Elsevier, pp. 3–23, 1997.","chicago":"Henzinger, Monika H, Philip Klein, Satish Rao, and Sairam Subramanian. “Faster Shortest-Path Algorithms for Planar Graphs.” Journal of Computer and System Sciences. Elsevier, 1997. https://doi.org/10.1006/jcss.1997.1493."},"author":[{"first_name":"Monika H","last_name":"Henzinger","full_name":"Henzinger, Monika H","orcid":"0000-0002-5008-6530","id":"540c9bbd-f2de-11ec-812d-d04a5be85630"},{"first_name":"Philip","full_name":"Klein, Philip","last_name":"Klein"},{"first_name":"Satish","last_name":"Rao","full_name":"Rao, Satish"},{"first_name":"Sairam","last_name":"Subramanian","full_name":"Subramanian, Sairam"}],"abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"We give a linear-time algorithm for single-source shortest paths in planar graphs with nonnegative edge-lengths. Our algorithm also yields a linear-time algorithm for maximum flow in a planar graph with the source and sink on the same face. For the case where negative edge-lengths are allowed, we give an algorithm requiringO(n4/3 log(nL)) time, whereLis the absolute value of the most negative length. This algorithm can be used to obtain similar bounds for computing a feasible flow in a planar network, for finding a perfect matching in a planar bipartite graph, and for finding a maximum flow in a planar graph when the source and sink are not on the same face. We also give parallel and dynamic versions of these algorithms."}],"date_created":"2022-08-08T12:28:45Z","article_type":"original","date_published":"1997-08-01T00:00:00Z","month":"08","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"publisher":"Elsevier","scopus_import":"1","page":"3-23","issue":"1","publication":"Journal of Computer and System Sciences","type":"journal_article","day":"01","status":"public","intvolume":" 55"},{"day":"19","citation":{"ieee":"B. R. Hunt and V. Kaloshin, “How projections affect the dimension spectrum of fractal measures,” Nonlinearity, vol. 10, no. 5. IOP Publishing, pp. 1031–1046, 1997.","apa":"Hunt, B. R., & Kaloshin, V. (1997). How projections affect the dimension spectrum of fractal measures. Nonlinearity. IOP Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1088/0951-7715/10/5/002","chicago":"Hunt, Brian R, and Vadim Kaloshin. “How Projections Affect the Dimension Spectrum of Fractal Measures.” Nonlinearity. IOP Publishing, 1997. https://doi.org/10.1088/0951-7715/10/5/002.","ama":"Hunt BR, Kaloshin V. How projections affect the dimension spectrum of fractal measures. Nonlinearity. 1997;10(5):1031-1046. doi:10.1088/0951-7715/10/5/002","mla":"Hunt, Brian R., and Vadim Kaloshin. “How Projections Affect the Dimension Spectrum of Fractal Measures.” Nonlinearity, vol. 10, no. 5, IOP Publishing, 1997, pp. 1031–46, doi:10.1088/0951-7715/10/5/002.","ista":"Hunt BR, Kaloshin V. 1997. How projections affect the dimension spectrum of fractal measures. Nonlinearity. 10(5), 1031–1046.","short":"B.R. Hunt, V. Kaloshin, Nonlinearity 10 (1997) 1031–1046."},"publication_status":"published","type":"journal_article","intvolume":" 10","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"We introduce a new potential-theoretic definition of the dimension spectrum of a probability measure for q > 1 and explain its relation to prior definitions. We apply this definition to prove that if and is a Borel probability measure with compact support in , then under almost every linear transformation from to , the q-dimension of the image of is ; in particular, the q-dimension of is preserved provided . We also present results on the preservation of information dimension and pointwise dimension. Finally, for and q > 2 we give examples for which is not preserved by any linear transformation into . All results for typical linear transformations are also proved for typical (in the sense of prevalence) continuously differentiable functions."}],"status":"public","author":[{"last_name":"Hunt","full_name":"Hunt, Brian R","first_name":"Brian R"},{"id":"FE553552-CDE8-11E9-B324-C0EBE5697425","first_name":"Vadim","orcid":"0000-0002-6051-2628","last_name":"Kaloshin","full_name":"Kaloshin, Vadim"}],"keyword":["Mathematical Physics","General Physics and Astronomy","Applied Mathematics","Statistical and Nonlinear Physics"],"publication":"Nonlinearity","issue":"5","article_processing_charge":"No","page":"1031-1046","date_updated":"2021-01-12T08:19:53Z","volume":10,"extern":"1","publication_identifier":{"issn":["0951-7715","1361-6544"]},"_id":"8527","oa_version":"None","quality_controlled":"1","user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","month":"06","year":"1997","doi":"10.1088/0951-7715/10/5/002","article_type":"original","date_published":"1997-06-19T00:00:00Z","title":"How projections affect the dimension spectrum of fractal measures","publisher":"IOP Publishing","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"date_created":"2020-09-18T10:50:41Z"},{"date_created":"2020-09-18T10:50:54Z","year":"1997","month":"03","doi":"10.1007/bf02466014","article_type":"original","date_published":"1997-03-30T00:00:00Z","publisher":"Springer Nature","title":"Prevalence in the space of finitely smooth maps","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"issue":"2","publication":"Functional Analysis and Its Applications","volume":31,"date_updated":"2021-01-12T08:19:54Z","article_processing_charge":"No","page":"95-99","_id":"8528","publication_identifier":{"issn":["0016-2663","1573-8485"]},"extern":"1","user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","oa_version":"None","quality_controlled":"1","publication_status":"published","day":"30","citation":{"mla":"Kaloshin, Vadim. “Prevalence in the Space of Finitely Smooth Maps.” Functional Analysis and Its Applications, vol. 31, no. 2, Springer Nature, 1997, pp. 95–99, doi:10.1007/bf02466014.","ama":"Kaloshin V. Prevalence in the space of finitely smooth maps. Functional Analysis and Its Applications. 1997;31(2):95-99. doi:10.1007/bf02466014","short":"V. Kaloshin, Functional Analysis and Its Applications 31 (1997) 95–99.","ista":"Kaloshin V. 1997. Prevalence in the space of finitely smooth maps. Functional Analysis and Its Applications. 31(2), 95–99.","apa":"Kaloshin, V. (1997). Prevalence in the space of finitely smooth maps. Functional Analysis and Its Applications. Springer Nature. https://doi.org/10.1007/bf02466014","ieee":"V. Kaloshin, “Prevalence in the space of finitely smooth maps,” Functional Analysis and Its Applications, vol. 31, no. 2. Springer Nature, pp. 95–99, 1997.","chicago":"Kaloshin, Vadim. “Prevalence in the Space of Finitely Smooth Maps.” Functional Analysis and Its Applications. Springer Nature, 1997. https://doi.org/10.1007/bf02466014."},"type":"journal_article","intvolume":" 31","abstract":[{"text":"In the present paper, we give a definition of prevalent (\"metrically prevalent\" ) sets in nonlinear function\r\nspaces. A subset of a Euclidean space is said to be metrically prevalent if its complement has measure zero.\r\nThere is no natural way to generalize the definition of a set of measure zero in a finite-dimensional space\r\nto the infinite-dimensional case [6]. Therefore, it is necessary to give a special definition of a metrically\r\nprevalent set (set of full measure) in an infinite-dimensional space. There are various ways to do so. We\r\nsuggest one of the possible ways to define the class of metrically prevalent sets in the space of smooth maps\r\nof one smooth manifold into another. It is shown in this paper that the class of metrically prevalent sets\r\nhas natural properties; in particular, the intersection of finitely many metrically prevalent sets is metrically\r\nprevalent. The main result of the paper is a prevalent version of Thorn's transversality theorem.\r\nIt is common practice in singularity theory and the theory of dynamical systems to say that a property\r\nholds for \"almost every\" map (or flow) if it holds for a residual set, i.e., a set that contains a countable\r\nintersection of open dense sets in the corresponding function space. However, even in finite-dimensional\r\nspaces such a set can have arbitrarily small (say, zero) Lebesgue measure. We prove that Thorn's transversality theorem holds for an essentially \"thicker\" set than a residual set. It seems reasonable to revise from\r\nthe prevalent point of view the classical results of singularity theory and theory of dynamical systems,\r\nincluding the multijet transversality theorem, Mather's stability theorem, Kupka-Smale's theorem for dynamical systems, etc. We shall do this elsewhere. The notion of prevalence in linear Banach spaces was\r\nintroduced and investigated in [8]. One of the possible ways to define a class of prevalent sets in the space\r\nof smooth maps of manifolds, which essentially differs from that presented in this paper, is given in [7].\r\nDefinitions of typicalness based on the Lebesgue measure in a finite-dimensional space were suggested\r\nby Kolmogorov [10] and Arnold [11]. These definitions were cited and discussed in [9]. Here we only point\r\nout that the finite-dimensional analog of Arnold's definition allows prevalent sets to have arbitrarily small\r\nmeasure, whereas the prevalent sets in the sense of the finite-dimensional analog of the definition given in\r\nthe present paper are necessarily of full measure. Our definition is a modification of that due to Arnold.\r\nI wish to thank Yu. S. Illyashenko for constant attention to this work and useful discussions and\r\nR. I. Bogdanov for help in the preparation of this paper. ","lang":"eng"}],"status":"public","author":[{"orcid":"0000-0002-6051-2628","full_name":"Kaloshin, Vadim","last_name":"Kaloshin","first_name":"Vadim","id":"FE553552-CDE8-11E9-B324-C0EBE5697425"}],"keyword":["Applied Mathematics","Analysis"]},{"publication":"8th International Conference on Concurrency Theory","page":"74 - 88","intvolume":" 1243","status":"public","day":"01","type":"conference","conference":{"name":"CONCUR: Concurrency Theory","location":"Warsaw, Poland","end_date":"1997-07-04","start_date":"1997-07-01"},"date_created":"2018-12-11T12:09:36Z","publisher":"Schloss Dagstuhl - Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik","scopus_import":"1","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"month":"01","date_published":"1997-01-01T00:00:00Z","_id":"4583","publication_identifier":{"isbn":["9783540691884"]},"extern":"1","user_id":"ea97e931-d5af-11eb-85d4-e6957dddbf17","acknowledgement":"This research was supported in part by the ONR YIP award N00014-95-1-0520, by the NSF CAREER award CCR-9501708, by the NSF grant CCR-9504469, by the AFOSR contract F49620-93-1-0056, by the ARO MURI grant DAAH-04-96-1-0341, by the ARPA grant NAG2-892, and by the SRC contract 95-DC-324.036.","quality_controlled":"1","oa_version":"None","date_updated":"2022-08-17T08:47:55Z","volume":1243,"publist_id":"124","article_processing_charge":"No","abstract":[{"text":"In a trace-based world, the modular specification, verification, and control of live systems require each module to be receptive; that is, each module must be able to meet its liveness assumptions no matter how the other modules behave. In a real-time world, liveness is automatically present in the form of diverging time. The receptiveness condition, then, translates to the requirement that a module must be able to let time diverge no matter how the environment behaves. We study the receptiveness condition for real-time systems by extending the model of reactive modules to timed and hybrid modules. We define the receptiveness of such a module as the existence of a winning strategy in a game of the module against its environment. By solving the game on region graphs, we present an (optimal) Exptime algorithm for checking the receptiveness of prepositional timed modules. By giving a fixpoint characterization of the game, we present a symbolic procedure for checking the receptiveness of linear hybrid modules. Finally, we present an assume-guarantee principle for reasoning about timed and hybrid modules, and a method for synthesizing receptive controllers of timed and hybrid modules.","lang":"eng"}],"author":[{"full_name":"Alur, Rajeev","last_name":"Alur","first_name":"Rajeev"},{"last_name":"Henzinger","full_name":"Henzinger, Thomas A","orcid":"0000−0002−2985−7724","first_name":"Thomas A","id":"40876CD8-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87"}],"publication_status":"published","citation":{"ista":"Alur R, Henzinger TA. 1997. Modularity for timed and hybrid systems. 8th International Conference on Concurrency Theory. CONCUR: Concurrency Theory, LNCS, vol. 1243, 74–88.","short":"R. Alur, T.A. Henzinger, in:, 8th International Conference on Concurrency Theory, Schloss Dagstuhl - Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik, 1997, pp. 74–88.","ama":"Alur R, Henzinger TA. Modularity for timed and hybrid systems. In: 8th International Conference on Concurrency Theory. Vol 1243. Schloss Dagstuhl - Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik; 1997:74-88. doi:10.1007/3-540-63141-0_6","mla":"Alur, Rajeev, and Thomas A. Henzinger. “Modularity for Timed and Hybrid Systems.” 8th International Conference on Concurrency Theory, vol. 1243, Schloss Dagstuhl - Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik, 1997, pp. 74–88, doi:10.1007/3-540-63141-0_6.","chicago":"Alur, Rajeev, and Thomas A Henzinger. “Modularity for Timed and Hybrid Systems.” In 8th International Conference on Concurrency Theory, 1243:74–88. Schloss Dagstuhl - Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik, 1997. https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-63141-0_6.","ieee":"R. Alur and T. A. Henzinger, “Modularity for timed and hybrid systems,” in 8th International Conference on Concurrency Theory, Warsaw, Poland, 1997, vol. 1243, pp. 74–88.","apa":"Alur, R., & Henzinger, T. A. (1997). Modularity for timed and hybrid systems. In 8th International Conference on Concurrency Theory (Vol. 1243, pp. 74–88). Warsaw, Poland: Schloss Dagstuhl - Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik. https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-63141-0_6"},"alternative_title":["LNCS"],"title":"Modularity for timed and hybrid systems","year":"1997","doi":"10.1007/3-540-63141-0_6"},{"page":"86 - 109","issue":"1-2","publication":"Software Tools For Technology Transfer","type":"journal_article","day":"01","status":"public","intvolume":" 1","date_created":"2018-12-11T12:09:36Z","article_type":"original","date_published":"1997-01-01T00:00:00Z","month":"01","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"publisher":"Springer","scopus_import":"1","volume":1,"date_updated":"2022-08-17T08:27:20Z","publist_id":"123","article_processing_charge":"No","user_id":"ea97e931-d5af-11eb-85d4-e6957dddbf17","acknowledgement":"The authors thank Rance Cleaveland, Limor Fix, David Karr, Peter Kopke, Fred Schneider, and Bernhard Steffen for helpful comments.","quality_controlled":"1","oa_version":"None","_id":"4584","publication_identifier":{"issn":["1433-2779"]},"extern":"1","publication_status":"published","citation":{"chicago":"Alur, Rajeev, and Thomas A Henzinger. “Real-Time System = Discrete System + Clock Variables.” Software Tools For Technology Transfer. Springer, 1997. https://doi.org/10.1007/s100090050007.","ieee":"R. Alur and T. A. Henzinger, “Real-time system = discrete system + clock variables,” Software Tools For Technology Transfer, vol. 1, no. 1–2. Springer, pp. 86–109, 1997.","apa":"Alur, R., & Henzinger, T. A. (1997). Real-time system = discrete system + clock variables. Software Tools For Technology Transfer. Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/s100090050007","ista":"Alur R, Henzinger TA. 1997. Real-time system = discrete system + clock variables. Software Tools For Technology Transfer. 1(1–2), 86–109.","short":"R. Alur, T.A. Henzinger, Software Tools For Technology Transfer 1 (1997) 86–109.","mla":"Alur, Rajeev, and Thomas A. Henzinger. “Real-Time System = Discrete System + Clock Variables.” Software Tools For Technology Transfer, vol. 1, no. 1–2, Springer, 1997, pp. 86–109, doi:10.1007/s100090050007.","ama":"Alur R, Henzinger TA. Real-time system = discrete system + clock variables. Software Tools For Technology Transfer. 1997;1(1-2):86-109. doi:10.1007/s100090050007"},"author":[{"last_name":"Alur","full_name":"Alur, Rajeev","first_name":"Rajeev"},{"id":"40876CD8-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","first_name":"Thomas A","orcid":"0000−0002−2985−7724","last_name":"Henzinger","full_name":"Henzinger, Thomas A"}],"abstract":[{"text":"This paper introduces, gently but rigorously, the clock approach to real-time programming. We present with mathematical precision, assuming no prerequisites other than familiarity with logical and programming notations, the concepts that are necessary for understanding, writing, and executing clock programs. In keeping with an expository style, all references are clustered in bibliographic remarks at the end of each section. The first appendix presents proof rules for verifying temporal properties of clock programs. The second appendix points to selected literature on formal methods and tools for programming with clocks. In particular, the timed automaton, which is a finite-state machine equipped with clocks, has become a standard paradigm for real-time model checking; it underlies the tools HyTech, Kronos, and Uppaal, which are discussed elsewhere in this volume.","lang":"eng"}],"year":"1997","doi":"10.1007/s100090050007","title":"Real-time system = discrete system + clock variables"},{"month":"12","year":"1997","doi":"10.1109/CDC.1997.650717 ","date_published":"1997-12-01T00:00:00Z","title":"Symbolic analysis of hybrid systems","scopus_import":"1","publisher":"IEEE","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"conference":{"location":"San Diego, CA, USA","end_date":"1997-12-12","name":"CDC: Decision and Control","start_date":"1997-12-12"},"date_created":"2018-12-11T12:09:43Z","citation":{"mla":"Alur, Rajeev, et al. “Symbolic Analysis of Hybrid Systems.” Proceedings of the 36th IEEE Conference on Decision and Control, IEEE, 1997, pp. 702–07, doi:10.1109/CDC.1997.650717 .","ama":"Alur R, Henzinger TA, Wong Toi H. Symbolic analysis of hybrid systems. In: Proceedings of the 36th IEEE Conference on Decision and Control. IEEE; 1997:702-707. doi:10.1109/CDC.1997.650717 ","ista":"Alur R, Henzinger TA, Wong Toi H. 1997. Symbolic analysis of hybrid systems. Proceedings of the 36th IEEE Conference on Decision and Control. CDC: Decision and Control, 702–707.","short":"R. Alur, T.A. Henzinger, H. Wong Toi, in:, Proceedings of the 36th IEEE Conference on Decision and Control, IEEE, 1997, pp. 702–707.","ieee":"R. Alur, T. A. Henzinger, and H. Wong Toi, “Symbolic analysis of hybrid systems,” in Proceedings of the 36th IEEE Conference on Decision and Control, San Diego, CA, USA, 1997, pp. 702–707.","apa":"Alur, R., Henzinger, T. A., & Wong Toi, H. (1997). Symbolic analysis of hybrid systems. In Proceedings of the 36th IEEE Conference on Decision and Control (pp. 702–707). San Diego, CA, USA: IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/CDC.1997.650717 ","chicago":"Alur, Rajeev, Thomas A Henzinger, and Howard Wong Toi. “Symbolic Analysis of Hybrid Systems.” In Proceedings of the 36th IEEE Conference on Decision and Control, 702–7. IEEE, 1997. https://doi.org/10.1109/CDC.1997.650717 ."},"day":"01","publication_status":"published","type":"conference","abstract":[{"text":"A hybrid system is a dynamical system whose behavior exhibits both discrete and continuous change. A hybrid automaton is a mathematical model for hybrid systems, which combines, in a single formalism, automaton transitions for capturing discrete change with differential equations for capturing continuous change. In this survey, we demonstrate symbolic algorithms for the verification of and controller synthesis for linear hybrid automata, a subclass of hybrid automata that can be analyzed automatically","lang":"eng"}],"author":[{"first_name":"Rajeev","full_name":"Alur, Rajeev","last_name":"Alur"},{"orcid":"0000−0002−2985−7724","full_name":"Henzinger, Thomas A","last_name":"Henzinger","first_name":"Thomas A","id":"40876CD8-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87"},{"last_name":"Wong Toi","full_name":"Wong Toi, Howard","first_name":"Howard"}],"status":"public","publication":"Proceedings of the 36th IEEE Conference on Decision and Control","page":"702 - 707","article_processing_charge":"No","date_updated":"2022-08-17T08:08:36Z","publist_id":"101","extern":"1","publication_identifier":{"isbn":["0780341872"]},"_id":"4605","oa_version":"None","quality_controlled":"1","user_id":"ea97e931-d5af-11eb-85d4-e6957dddbf17"},{"scopus_import":"1","publisher":"Springer","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"month":"01","article_type":"original","date_published":"1997-01-01T00:00:00Z","date_created":"2018-12-11T12:09:43Z","intvolume":" 11","status":"public","day":"01","type":"journal_article","publication":"Formal Methods in System Design","issue":"2","page":"137 - 156","title":"Computing accumulated delays in real-time systems","year":"1997","doi":"10.1023/A:1008626013578","abstract":[{"text":"We present a verification algorithm for duration properties of real-time systems. While simple real-time properties constrain the total elapsed time between events, duration properties constrain the accumulated satisfaction time of state predicates. We formalize the concept of durations by introducing duration measures for timed automata. A duration measure assigns to each finite run of a timed automaton a real number —the duration of the run— which may be the accumulated satisfaction time of a state predicate along the run. Given a timed automaton with a duration measure, an initial and a final state, and an arithmetic constraint, the duration-bounded reachability problem asks if there is a run of the automaton from the initial state to the final state such that the duration of the run satisfies the constraint. Our main result is an (optimal) PSPACE decision procedure for the duration-bounded reachability problem.","lang":"eng"}],"author":[{"last_name":"Alur","full_name":"Alur, Rajeev","first_name":"Rajeev"},{"full_name":"Courcoubetis, Costas","last_name":"Courcoubetis","first_name":"Costas"},{"orcid":"0000−0002−2985−7724","full_name":"Henzinger, Thomas A","last_name":"Henzinger","first_name":"Thomas A","id":"40876CD8-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87"}],"citation":{"ista":"Alur R, Courcoubetis C, Henzinger TA. 1997. Computing accumulated delays in real-time systems. Formal Methods in System Design. 11(2), 137–156.","short":"R. Alur, C. Courcoubetis, T.A. Henzinger, Formal Methods in System Design 11 (1997) 137–156.","mla":"Alur, Rajeev, et al. “Computing Accumulated Delays in Real-Time Systems.” Formal Methods in System Design, vol. 11, no. 2, Springer, 1997, pp. 137–56, doi:10.1023/A:1008626013578.","ama":"Alur R, Courcoubetis C, Henzinger TA. Computing accumulated delays in real-time systems. Formal Methods in System Design. 1997;11(2):137-156. doi:10.1023/A:1008626013578","chicago":"Alur, Rajeev, Costas Courcoubetis, and Thomas A Henzinger. “Computing Accumulated Delays in Real-Time Systems.” Formal Methods in System Design. Springer, 1997. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1008626013578.","apa":"Alur, R., Courcoubetis, C., & Henzinger, T. A. (1997). Computing accumulated delays in real-time systems. Formal Methods in System Design. Springer. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1008626013578","ieee":"R. Alur, C. Courcoubetis, and T. A. Henzinger, “Computing accumulated delays in real-time systems,” Formal Methods in System Design, vol. 11, no. 2. Springer, pp. 137–156, 1997."},"publication_status":"published","extern":"1","publication_identifier":{"issn":["0925-9856"]},"_id":"4607","oa_version":"None","quality_controlled":"1","user_id":"ea97e931-d5af-11eb-85d4-e6957dddbf17","acknowledgement":"A preliminary version of this paper appeared in the Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Computer-Aided Verification (CAV 93), Springer-Verlag LNCS 818, pp. 181–193, 1993. We thank Sergio Yovine for a careful reading of the manuscript. This reaserch was partially supported by the BRA ESPRIT project REACT, by the ONR YIP\r\naward N00014-95-1-0520, by the NSF CAREER award CCR-9501708, by the NSF grants CCR-9200794 and CCR-9504469, by the AFOSR contract F49620-93-1-0056, and by the ARPA grant NAG2-892.","article_processing_charge":"No","publist_id":"98","volume":11,"date_updated":"2022-08-16T13:43:41Z"}]