---
_id: '12897'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: "Inverse design problems in fabrication-aware shape optimization are typically
solved on discrete representations such as polygonal meshes. This thesis argues
that there are benefits to treating these problems in the same domain as human
designers, namely, the parametric one. One reason is that discretizing a parametric
model usually removes the capability of making further manual changes to the design,
because the human intent is captured by the shape parameters. Beyond this, knowledge
about a design problem can sometimes reveal a structure that is present in a smooth
representation, but is fundamentally altered by discretizing. In this case, working
in the parametric domain may even simplify the optimization task. We present two
lines of research that explore both of these aspects of fabrication-aware shape
optimization on parametric representations.\r\n\r\nThe first project studies the
design of plane elastic curves and Kirchhoff rods, which are common mathematical
models for describing the deformation of thin elastic rods such as beams, ribbons,
cables, and hair. Our main contribution is a characterization of all curved shapes
that can be attained by bending and twisting elastic rods having a stiffness that
is allowed to vary across the length. Elements like these can be manufactured
using digital fabrication devices such as 3d printers and digital cutters, and
have applications in free-form architecture and soft robotics.\r\n\r\nWe show
that the family of curved shapes that can be produced this way admits geometric
description that is concise and computationally convenient. In the case of plane
curves, the geometric description is intuitive enough to allow a designer to determine
whether a curved shape is physically achievable by visual inspection alone. We
also present shape optimization algorithms that convert a user-defined curve in
the plane or in three dimensions into the geometry of an elastic rod that will
naturally deform to follow this curve when its endpoints are attached to a support
structure. Implemented in an interactive software design tool, the rod geometry
is generated in real time as the user edits a curve and enables fast prototyping.
\r\n\r\nThe second project tackles the problem of general-purpose shape optimization
on CAD models using a novel variant of the extended finite element method (XFEM).
Our goal is the decoupling between the simulation mesh and the CAD model, so no
geometry-dependent meshing or remeshing needs to be performed when the CAD parameters
change during optimization. This is achieved by discretizing the embedding space
of the CAD model, and using a new high-accuracy numerical integration method to
enable XFEM on free-form elements bounded by the parametric surface patches of
the model. Our simulation is differentiable from the CAD parameters to the simulation
output, which enables us to use off-the-shelf gradient-based optimization procedures.
The result is a method that fits seamlessly into the CAD workflow because it works
on the same representation as the designer, enabling the alternation of manual
editing and fabrication-aware optimization at will."
acknowledged_ssus:
- _id: M-Shop
alternative_title:
- ISTA Thesis
article_processing_charge: No
author:
- first_name: Christian
full_name: Hafner, Christian
id: 400429CC-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Hafner
citation:
ama: 'Hafner C. Inverse shape design with parametric representations: Kirchhoff
Rods and parametric surface models. 2023. doi:10.15479/at:ista:12897'
apa: 'Hafner, C. (2023). Inverse shape design with parametric representations:
Kirchhoff Rods and parametric surface models. Institute of Science and Technology
Austria. https://doi.org/10.15479/at:ista:12897'
chicago: 'Hafner, Christian. “Inverse Shape Design with Parametric Representations:
Kirchhoff Rods and Parametric Surface Models.” Institute of Science and Technology
Austria, 2023. https://doi.org/10.15479/at:ista:12897.'
ieee: 'C. Hafner, “Inverse shape design with parametric representations: Kirchhoff
Rods and parametric surface models,” Institute of Science and Technology Austria,
2023.'
ista: 'Hafner C. 2023. Inverse shape design with parametric representations: Kirchhoff
Rods and parametric surface models. Institute of Science and Technology Austria.'
mla: 'Hafner, Christian. Inverse Shape Design with Parametric Representations:
Kirchhoff Rods and Parametric Surface Models. Institute of Science and Technology
Austria, 2023, doi:10.15479/at:ista:12897.'
short: 'C. Hafner, Inverse Shape Design with Parametric Representations: Kirchhoff
Rods and Parametric Surface Models, Institute of Science and Technology Austria,
2023.'
date_created: 2023-05-05T10:40:14Z
date_published: 2023-05-05T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2024-01-29T10:47:51Z
day: '05'
ddc:
- '516'
- '004'
- '518'
- '531'
degree_awarded: PhD
department:
- _id: GradSch
- _id: BeBi
doi: 10.15479/at:ista:12897
ec_funded: 1
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page: '180'
project:
- _id: 24F9549A-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425
call_identifier: H2020
grant_number: '715767'
name: 'MATERIALIZABLE: Intelligent fabrication-oriented Computational Design and
Modeling'
publication_identifier:
isbn:
- 978-3-99078-031-2
issn:
- 2663-337X
publication_status: published
publisher: Institute of Science and Technology Austria
related_material:
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relation: part_of_dissertation
status: public
- id: '7117'
relation: part_of_dissertation
status: public
- id: '13188'
relation: dissertation_contains
status: public
status: public
supervisor:
- first_name: Bernd
full_name: Bickel, Bernd
id: 49876194-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Bickel
orcid: 0000-0001-6511-9385
title: 'Inverse shape design with parametric representations: Kirchhoff Rods and parametric
surface models'
type: dissertation
user_id: 400429CC-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
year: '2023'
...
---
_id: '8366'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: "Fabrication of curved shells plays an important role in modern design, industry,
and science. Among their remarkable properties are, for example, aesthetics of
organic shapes, ability to evenly distribute loads, or efficient flow separation.
They find applications across vast length scales ranging from sky-scraper architecture
to microscopic devices. But, at\r\nthe same time, the design of curved shells
and their manufacturing process pose a variety of challenges. In this thesis,
they are addressed from several perspectives. In particular, this thesis presents
approaches based on the transformation of initially flat sheets into the target
curved surfaces. This involves problems of interactive design of shells with nontrivial
mechanical constraints, inverse design of complex structural materials, and data-driven
modeling of delicate and time-dependent physical properties. At the same time,
two newly-developed self-morphing mechanisms targeting flat-to-curved transformation
are presented.\r\nIn architecture, doubly curved surfaces can be realized as cold
bent glass panelizations. Originally flat glass panels are bent into frames and
remain stressed. This is a cost-efficient fabrication approach compared to hot
bending, when glass panels are shaped plastically. However such constructions
are prone to breaking during bending, and it is highly\r\nnontrivial to navigate
the design space, keeping the panels fabricable and aesthetically pleasing at
the same time. We introduce an interactive design system for cold bent glass façades,
while previously even offline optimization for such scenarios has not been sufficiently
developed. Our method is based on a deep learning approach providing quick\r\nand
high precision estimation of glass panel shape and stress while handling the shape\r\nmultimodality.\r\nFabrication
of smaller objects of scales below 1 m, can also greatly benefit from shaping
originally flat sheets. In this respect, we designed new self-morphing shell mechanisms
transforming from an initial flat state to a doubly curved state with high precision
and detail. Our so-called CurveUps demonstrate the encodement of the geometric
information\r\ninto the shell. Furthermore, we explored the frontiers of programmable
materials and showed how temporal information can additionally be encoded into
a flat shell. This allows prescribing deformation sequences for doubly curved
surfaces and, thus, facilitates self-collision avoidance enabling complex shapes
and functionalities otherwise impossible.\r\nBoth of these methods include inverse
design tools keeping the user in the design loop."
acknowledged_ssus:
- _id: M-Shop
- _id: ScienComp
acknowledgement: "During the work on this thesis, I received substantial support from
IST Austria’s scientific service units. A big thank you to Todor Asenov and other
Miba Machine Shop team members for their help with fabrication of experimental prototypes.
In addition, I would like to thank Scientific Computing team for the support with
high performance computing.\r\nFinancial support was provided by the European Research
Council (ERC) under grant agreement No 715767 - MATERIALIZABLE: Intelligent fabrication-oriented
Computational Design and Modeling, which I gratefully acknowledge."
alternative_title:
- ISTA Thesis
article_processing_charge: No
author:
- first_name: Ruslan
full_name: Guseinov, Ruslan
id: 3AB45EE2-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Guseinov
orcid: 0000-0001-9819-5077
citation:
ama: 'Guseinov R. Computational design of curved thin shells: From glass façades
to programmable matter. 2020. doi:10.15479/AT:ISTA:8366'
apa: 'Guseinov, R. (2020). Computational design of curved thin shells: From glass
façades to programmable matter. Institute of Science and Technology Austria.
https://doi.org/10.15479/AT:ISTA:8366'
chicago: 'Guseinov, Ruslan. “Computational Design of Curved Thin Shells: From Glass
Façades to Programmable Matter.” Institute of Science and Technology Austria,
2020. https://doi.org/10.15479/AT:ISTA:8366.'
ieee: 'R. Guseinov, “Computational design of curved thin shells: From glass façades
to programmable matter,” Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2020.'
ista: 'Guseinov R. 2020. Computational design of curved thin shells: From glass
façades to programmable matter. Institute of Science and Technology Austria.'
mla: 'Guseinov, Ruslan. Computational Design of Curved Thin Shells: From Glass
Façades to Programmable Matter. Institute of Science and Technology Austria,
2020, doi:10.15479/AT:ISTA:8366.'
short: 'R. Guseinov, Computational Design of Curved Thin Shells: From Glass Façades
to Programmable Matter, Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2020.'
date_created: 2020-09-10T16:19:55Z
date_published: 2020-09-21T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2024-02-21T12:44:29Z
day: '21'
ddc:
- '000'
degree_awarded: PhD
department:
- _id: BeBi
doi: 10.15479/AT:ISTA:8366
ec_funded: 1
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file_name: thesis_source.zip
file_size: 76207597
relation: source_file
file_date_updated: 2020-09-16T15:11:01Z
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keyword:
- computer-aided design
- shape modeling
- self-morphing
- mechanical engineering
language:
- iso: eng
month: '09'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
page: '118'
project:
- _id: 24F9549A-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425
call_identifier: H2020
grant_number: '715767'
name: 'MATERIALIZABLE: Intelligent fabrication-oriented Computational Design and
Modeling'
publication_identifier:
isbn:
- 978-3-99078-010-7
issn:
- 2663-337X
publication_status: published
publisher: Institute of Science and Technology Austria
related_material:
record:
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relation: research_data
status: deleted
- id: '7262'
relation: part_of_dissertation
status: public
- id: '8562'
relation: part_of_dissertation
status: public
- id: '1001'
relation: part_of_dissertation
status: public
- id: '8375'
relation: research_data
status: public
status: public
supervisor:
- first_name: Bernd
full_name: Bickel, Bernd
id: 49876194-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Bickel
orcid: 0000-0001-6511-9385
title: 'Computational design of curved thin shells: From glass façades to programmable
matter'
type: dissertation
user_id: c635000d-4b10-11ee-a964-aac5a93f6ac1
year: '2020'
...
---
_id: '8386'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: "Form versus function is a long-standing debate in various design-related
fields, such as architecture as well as graphic and industrial design. A good
design that balances form and function often requires considerable human effort
and collaboration among experts from different professional fields. Computational
design tools provide a new paradigm for designing functional objects. In computational
design, form and function are represented as mathematical\r\nquantities, with
the help of numerical and combinatorial algorithms, they can assist even novice
users in designing versatile models that exhibit their desired functionality.
This thesis presents three disparate research studies on the computational design
of functional objects: The appearance of 3d print—we optimize the volumetric material
distribution for faithfully replicating colored surface texture in 3d printing;
the dynamic motion of mechanical structures—\r\nour design system helps the novice
user to retarget various mechanical templates with different functionality to
complex 3d shapes; and a more abstract functionality, multistability—our algorithm
automatically generates models that exhibit multiple stable target poses. For
each of these cases, our computational design tools not only ensure the functionality
of the results but also permit the user aesthetic freedom over the form. Moreover,
fabrication constraints\r\nwere taken into account, which allow for the immediate
creation of physical realization via 3D printing or laser cutting."
acknowledged_ssus:
- _id: SSU
acknowledgement: The research in this thesis has received funding from the European
Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme, under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie
grant agreement No 642841 (DISTRO) and the European Research Council grant agreement
No 715767 (MATERIALIZABLE). All the research projects in this thesis were also supported
by Scientific Service Units (SSUs) at IST Austria.
alternative_title:
- ISTA Thesis
article_processing_charge: No
author:
- first_name: Ran
full_name: Zhang, Ran
id: 4DDBCEB0-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Zhang
orcid: 0000-0002-3808-281X
citation:
ama: Zhang R. Structure-aware computational design and its application to 3D printable
volume scattering, mechanism, and multistability. 2020. doi:10.15479/AT:ISTA:8386
apa: Zhang, R. (2020). Structure-aware computational design and its application
to 3D printable volume scattering, mechanism, and multistability. Institute
of Science and Technology Austria. https://doi.org/10.15479/AT:ISTA:8386
chicago: Zhang, Ran. “Structure-Aware Computational Design and Its Application to
3D Printable Volume Scattering, Mechanism, and Multistability.” Institute of Science
and Technology Austria, 2020. https://doi.org/10.15479/AT:ISTA:8386.
ieee: R. Zhang, “Structure-aware computational design and its application to 3D
printable volume scattering, mechanism, and multistability,” Institute of Science
and Technology Austria, 2020.
ista: Zhang R. 2020. Structure-aware computational design and its application to
3D printable volume scattering, mechanism, and multistability. Institute of Science
and Technology Austria.
mla: Zhang, Ran. Structure-Aware Computational Design and Its Application to
3D Printable Volume Scattering, Mechanism, and Multistability. Institute of
Science and Technology Austria, 2020, doi:10.15479/AT:ISTA:8386.
short: R. Zhang, Structure-Aware Computational Design and Its Application to 3D
Printable Volume Scattering, Mechanism, and Multistability, Institute of Science
and Technology Austria, 2020.
date_created: 2020-09-14T01:04:53Z
date_published: 2020-09-14T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2023-09-22T09:49:31Z
day: '14'
ddc:
- '003'
degree_awarded: PhD
department:
- _id: BeBi
doi: 10.15479/AT:ISTA:8386
ec_funded: 1
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month: '09'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
page: '148'
project:
- _id: 2508E324-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425
call_identifier: H2020
grant_number: '642841'
name: Distributed 3D Object Design
- _id: 24F9549A-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425
call_identifier: H2020
grant_number: '715767'
name: 'MATERIALIZABLE: Intelligent fabrication-oriented Computational Design and
Modeling'
publication_identifier:
issn:
- 2663-337X
publication_status: published
publisher: Institute of Science and Technology Austria
related_material:
record:
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status: public
- id: '1002'
relation: part_of_dissertation
status: public
status: public
supervisor:
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full_name: Bickel, Bernd
id: 49876194-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Bickel
orcid: 0000-0001-6511-9385
title: Structure-aware computational design and its application to 3D printable volume
scattering, mechanism, and multistability
type: dissertation
user_id: c635000d-4b10-11ee-a964-aac5a93f6ac1
year: '2020'
...