---
_id: '15016'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: 'The development, evolution, and function of the vertebrate central nervous
    system (CNS) can be best studied using diverse model organisms. Amphibians, with
    their unique phylogenetic position at the transition between aquatic and terrestrial
    lifestyles, are valuable for understanding the origin and evolution of the tetrapod
    brain and spinal cord. Their metamorphic developmental transitions and unique
    regenerative abilities also facilitate the discovery of mechanisms for neural
    circuit remodeling and replacement. The genetic toolkit for amphibians, however,
    remains limited, with only a few species having sequenced genomes and a small
    number of transgenic lines available. In mammals, recombinant adeno-associated
    viral vectors (AAVs) have become a powerful alternative to genome modification
    for visualizing and perturbing the nervous system. AAVs are DNA viruses that enable
    neuronal transduction in both developing and adult animals with low toxicity and
    spatial, temporal, and cell-type specificity. However, AAVs have never been shown
    to transduce amphibian cells efficiently. To bridge this gap, we established a
    simple, scalable, and robust strategy to screen AAV serotypes in three distantly-related
    amphibian species: the frogs Xenopus laevis and Pelophylax bedriagae, and the
    salamander Pleurodeles waltl, in both developing larval tadpoles and post-metamorphic
    animals. For each species, we successfully identified at least two AAV serotypes
    capable of infecting the CNS; however, no pan-amphibian serotype was identified,
    indicating rapid evolution of AAV tropism. In addition, we developed an AAV-based
    strategy that targets isochronic cohorts of developing neurons – a critical tool
    for parsing neural circuit assembly. Finally, to enable visualization and manipulation
    of neural circuits, we identified AAV variants for retrograde tracing of neuronal
    projections in adult animals. Our findings expand the toolkit for amphibians to
    include AAVs, establish a generalizable workflow for AAV screening in non-canonical
    research organisms, generate testable hypotheses for the evolution of AAV tropism,
    and lay the foundation for modern cross-species comparisons of vertebrate CNS
    development, function, and evolution. '
acknowledgement: "We would like to extend our thanks to members of the Sweeney, Tosches,
  Shein-Idelson,\r\nYamaguchi, Kelley, and Cline Labs for their contributions to this
  project, discussion and support.\r\nWe additionally thank the Beckman Institute
  Clover Center and Viviana Gradinaru (Caltech),\r\nKimberly Ritola (UNC NeuroTools),
  Flavia Gama Gomez Leite (ISTA Viral Core), and Hüseyin\r\nCihan Önal (Shigemoto
  Group, ISTA) for their consultation and assistance regarding AAVs, as\r\nwell as
  Andras Simon and Alberto Joven for feedback and discussions on AAVs in Pleurodeles.\r\nTo
  do these experiments, we have also benefited from the tremendous support of our
  animal care and imaging facilities at our respective institutions, as well as the
  amphibian stock centers\r\n(National Xenopus Resource Center, European Xenopus Resource
  Center, Xenopus Express)\r\nand our funding sources: U.S. National Science Foundation
  (NSF) Grant Number IOS 2110086\r\n(D.B.K., L.B.S., M.A.T., A.Y., and H.T.C.); United
  States-Israel Binational Science Foundation\r\n(BSF) Grant Number 2020702 (M.S.-I.);
  NSF Award Number 1645105 (G.J.G., M.E.H.); FTI\r\nStrategy Lower Austria Dissertation
  Grant Number FTI21-D-046 (D.V.); Horizon Europe ERC\r\nStarting Grant Number 101041551
  (L.B.S.); NIH grant number R35GM146973 (M.A.T.); Rita Allen\r\nFoundation award
  number GA_032522_FE (M.A.T.); European Molecular Biology Organization\r\nLong-Term
  Fellowship ALTF 874-2021 (A.D.); National Science Foundation Graduate Research\r\nFellowship
  DGE 2036197 (E.C.J.B.); NIH grant number P40OD010997 (M.E.H)."
article_processing_charge: No
author:
- first_name: Eliza C.B.
  full_name: Jaeger, Eliza C.B.
  last_name: Jaeger
- first_name: David
  full_name: Vijatovic, David
  id: cf391e77-ec3c-11ea-a124-d69323410b58
  last_name: Vijatovic
- first_name: Astrid
  full_name: Deryckere, Astrid
  last_name: Deryckere
- first_name: Nikol
  full_name: Zorin, Nikol
  last_name: Zorin
- first_name: Akemi L.
  full_name: Nguyen, Akemi L.
  last_name: Nguyen
- first_name: Georgiy
  full_name: Ivanian, Georgiy
  id: eaf2b366-cfd1-11ee-bbdf-c8790f800a05
  last_name: Ivanian
- first_name: Jamie
  full_name: Woych, Jamie
  last_name: Woych
- first_name: Rebecca C
  full_name: Arnold, Rebecca C
  id: d6cce458-14c9-11ed-a755-c1c8fc6fde6f
  last_name: Arnold
- first_name: Alonso
  full_name: Ortega Gurrola, Alonso
  last_name: Ortega Gurrola
- first_name: Arik
  full_name: Shvartsman, Arik
  last_name: Shvartsman
- first_name: Francesca
  full_name: Barbieri, Francesca
  id: a9492887-8972-11ed-ae7b-bfae10998254
  last_name: Barbieri
- first_name: Florina-Alexandra
  full_name: Toma, Florina-Alexandra
  id: 85dd99f2-15b2-11ec-abd3-d1ae4d57f3b5
  last_name: Toma
- first_name: Gary J.
  full_name: Gorbsky, Gary J.
  last_name: Gorbsky
- first_name: Marko E.
  full_name: Horb, Marko E.
  last_name: Horb
- first_name: Hollis T.
  full_name: Cline, Hollis T.
  last_name: Cline
- first_name: Timothy F.
  full_name: Shay, Timothy F.
  last_name: Shay
- first_name: Darcy B.
  full_name: Kelley, Darcy B.
  last_name: Kelley
- first_name: Ayako
  full_name: Yamaguchi, Ayako
  last_name: Yamaguchi
- first_name: Mark
  full_name: Shein-Idelson, Mark
  last_name: Shein-Idelson
- first_name: Maria Antonietta
  full_name: Tosches, Maria Antonietta
  last_name: Tosches
- first_name: Lora Beatrice Jaeger
  full_name: Sweeney, Lora Beatrice Jaeger
  id: 56BE8254-C4F0-11E9-8E45-0B23E6697425
  last_name: Sweeney
  orcid: 0000-0001-9242-5601
citation:
  ama: Jaeger ECB, Vijatovic D, Deryckere A, et al. Adeno-associated viral tools to
    trace neural development and connectivity across amphibians. <i>bioRxiv</i>. doi:<a
    href="https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.02.15.580289">10.1101/2024.02.15.580289</a>
  apa: Jaeger, E. C. B., Vijatovic, D., Deryckere, A., Zorin, N., Nguyen, A. L., Ivanian,
    G., … Sweeney, L. B. (n.d.). Adeno-associated viral tools to trace neural development
    and connectivity across amphibians. <i>bioRxiv</i>. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.02.15.580289">https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.02.15.580289</a>
  chicago: Jaeger, Eliza C.B., David Vijatovic, Astrid Deryckere, Nikol Zorin, Akemi
    L. Nguyen, Georgiy Ivanian, Jamie Woych, et al. “Adeno-Associated Viral Tools
    to Trace Neural Development and Connectivity across Amphibians.” <i>BioRxiv</i>,
    n.d. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.02.15.580289">https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.02.15.580289</a>.
  ieee: E. C. B. Jaeger <i>et al.</i>, “Adeno-associated viral tools to trace neural
    development and connectivity across amphibians,” <i>bioRxiv</i>. .
  ista: Jaeger ECB, Vijatovic D, Deryckere A, Zorin N, Nguyen AL, Ivanian G, Woych
    J, Arnold RC, Ortega Gurrola A, Shvartsman A, Barbieri F, Toma F-A, Gorbsky GJ,
    Horb ME, Cline HT, Shay TF, Kelley DB, Yamaguchi A, Shein-Idelson M, Tosches MA,
    Sweeney LB. Adeno-associated viral tools to trace neural development and connectivity
    across amphibians. bioRxiv, <a href="https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.02.15.580289">10.1101/2024.02.15.580289</a>.
  mla: Jaeger, Eliza C. B., et al. “Adeno-Associated Viral Tools to Trace Neural Development
    and Connectivity across Amphibians.” <i>BioRxiv</i>, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.02.15.580289">10.1101/2024.02.15.580289</a>.
  short: E.C.B. Jaeger, D. Vijatovic, A. Deryckere, N. Zorin, A.L. Nguyen, G. Ivanian,
    J. Woych, R.C. Arnold, A. Ortega Gurrola, A. Shvartsman, F. Barbieri, F.-A. Toma,
    G.J. Gorbsky, M.E. Horb, H.T. Cline, T.F. Shay, D.B. Kelley, A. Yamaguchi, M.
    Shein-Idelson, M.A. Tosches, L.B. Sweeney, BioRxiv (n.d.).
date_created: 2024-02-20T09:20:32Z
date_published: 2024-02-16T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2024-02-20T09:34:25Z
day: '16'
department:
- _id: LoSw
- _id: MaDe
- _id: GaNo
doi: 10.1101/2024.02.15.580289
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
  url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.02.15.580289
month: '02'
oa: 1
oa_version: Preprint
project:
- _id: bd73af52-d553-11ed-ba76-912049f0ac7a
  grant_number: FTI21-D-046
  name: Entwicklung und Funktion der V1 Interneuronen vom Schwimmen zum Laufen während
    der Metamorphose von Xenopus
- _id: ebb66355-77a9-11ec-83b8-b8ac210a4dae
  grant_number: '101041551'
  name: Development and Evolution of Tetrapod Motor Circuits
publication: bioRxiv
publication_status: submitted
status: public
title: Adeno-associated viral tools to trace neural development and connectivity across
  amphibians
type: preprint
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
year: '2024'
...
---
_id: '13097'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: 'Vertebrate movement is orchestrated by spinal inter- and motor neurons that,
    together with sensory and cognitive input, produce dynamic motor behaviors. These
    behaviors vary from the simple undulatory swimming of fish and larval aquatic
    species to the highly coordinated running, reaching and grasping of mice, humans
    and other mammals. This variation raises the fundamental question of how spinal
    circuits have changed in register with motor behavior. In simple, undulatory fish,
    exemplified by the lamprey, two broad classes of interneurons shape motor neuron
    output: ipsilateral-projecting excitatory neurons, and commissural-projecting
    inhibitory neurons. An additional class of ipsilateral inhibitory neurons is required
    to generate escape swim behavior in larval zebrafish and tadpoles. In limbed vertebrates,
    a more complex spinal neuron composition is observed. In this review, we provide
    evidence that movement elaboration correlates with an increase and specialization
    of these three basic interneuron types into molecularly, anatomically, and functionally
    distinct subpopulations. We summarize recent work linking neuron types to movement-pattern
    generation across fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds and mammals.'
acknowledgement: 'This work was supported by the ERC Starting grant, ERC-2021-STG
  #101041551.'
article_number: '1146449'
article_processing_charge: Yes
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Alexia C
  full_name: Wilson, Alexia C
  id: 5230e794-15b2-11ec-abd3-e2d5335ebd1d
  last_name: Wilson
- first_name: Lora Beatrice Jaeger
  full_name: Sweeney, Lora Beatrice Jaeger
  id: 56BE8254-C4F0-11E9-8E45-0B23E6697425
  last_name: Sweeney
  orcid: 0000-0001-9242-5601
citation:
  ama: 'Wilson AC, Sweeney LB. Spinal cords: Symphonies of interneurons across species.
    <i>Frontiers in Neural Circuits</i>. 2023;17. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.3389/fncir.2023.1146449">10.3389/fncir.2023.1146449</a>'
  apa: 'Wilson, A. C., &#38; Sweeney, L. B. (2023). Spinal cords: Symphonies of interneurons
    across species. <i>Frontiers in Neural Circuits</i>. Frontiers. <a href="https://doi.org/10.3389/fncir.2023.1146449">https://doi.org/10.3389/fncir.2023.1146449</a>'
  chicago: 'Wilson, Alexia C, and Lora B. Sweeney. “Spinal Cords: Symphonies of Interneurons
    across Species.” <i>Frontiers in Neural Circuits</i>. Frontiers, 2023. <a href="https://doi.org/10.3389/fncir.2023.1146449">https://doi.org/10.3389/fncir.2023.1146449</a>.'
  ieee: 'A. C. Wilson and L. B. Sweeney, “Spinal cords: Symphonies of interneurons
    across species,” <i>Frontiers in Neural Circuits</i>, vol. 17. Frontiers, 2023.'
  ista: 'Wilson AC, Sweeney LB. 2023. Spinal cords: Symphonies of interneurons across
    species. Frontiers in Neural Circuits. 17, 1146449.'
  mla: 'Wilson, Alexia C., and Lora B. Sweeney. “Spinal Cords: Symphonies of Interneurons
    across Species.” <i>Frontiers in Neural Circuits</i>, vol. 17, 1146449, Frontiers,
    2023, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.3389/fncir.2023.1146449">10.3389/fncir.2023.1146449</a>.'
  short: A.C. Wilson, L.B. Sweeney, Frontiers in Neural Circuits 17 (2023).
date_created: 2023-05-28T22:01:04Z
date_published: 2023-04-26T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2024-01-31T10:15:53Z
day: '26'
ddc:
- '570'
department:
- _id: LoSw
doi: 10.3389/fncir.2023.1146449
external_id:
  isi:
  - '000984606200001'
  pmid:
  - '37180760'
file:
- access_level: open_access
  checksum: 7efd06de284a28e91e97127611a9c3fd
  content_type: application/pdf
  creator: dernst
  date_created: 2024-01-03T13:33:21Z
  date_updated: 2024-01-03T13:33:21Z
  file_id: '14729'
  file_name: 2023_FrontiersNeuralCircuits_Wilson.pdf
  file_size: 6667157
  relation: main_file
  success: 1
file_date_updated: 2024-01-03T13:33:21Z
has_accepted_license: '1'
intvolume: '        17'
isi: 1
language:
- iso: eng
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
month: '04'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
pmid: 1
project:
- _id: ebb66355-77a9-11ec-83b8-b8ac210a4dae
  grant_number: '101041551'
  name: Development and Evolution of Tetrapod Motor Circuits
publication: Frontiers in Neural Circuits
publication_identifier:
  issn:
  - 1662-5110
publication_status: published
publisher: Frontiers
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: 'Spinal cords: Symphonies of interneurons across species'
tmp:
  image: /images/cc_by.png
  legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode
  name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)
  short: CC BY (4.0)
type: journal_article
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 17
year: '2023'
...