[{"abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"This thesis consists of four distinct pieces of work within theoretical biology, with two themes in common: the concept of optimization in biological systems, and the use of information-theoretic tools to quantify biological stochasticity and statistical uncertainty.\r\nChapter 2 develops a statistical framework for studying biological systems which we believe to be optimized for a particular utility function, such as retinal neurons conveying information about visual stimuli. We formalize such beliefs as maximum-entropy Bayesian priors, constrained by the expected utility. We explore how such priors aid inference of system parameters with limited data and enable optimality hypothesis testing: is the utility higher than by chance?\r\nChapter 3 examines the ultimate biological optimization process: evolution by natural selection. As some individuals survive and reproduce more successfully than others, populations evolve towards fitter genotypes and phenotypes. We formalize this as accumulation of genetic information, and use population genetics theory to study how much such information can be accumulated per generation and maintained in the face of random mutation and genetic drift. We identify the population size and fitness variance as the key quantities that control information accumulation and maintenance.\r\nChapter 4 reuses the concept of genetic information from Chapter 3, but from a different perspective: we ask how much genetic information organisms actually need, in particular in the context of gene regulation. For example, how much information is needed to bind transcription factors at correct locations within the genome? Population genetics provides us with a refined answer: with an increasing population size, populations achieve higher fitness by maintaining more genetic information. Moreover, regulatory parameters experience selection pressure to optimize the fitness-information trade-off, i.e. minimize the information needed for a given fitness. This provides an evolutionary derivation of the optimization priors introduced in Chapter 2.\r\nChapter 5 proves an upper bound on mutual information between a signal and a communication channel output (such as neural activity). Mutual information is an important utility measure for biological systems, but its practical use can be difficult due to the large dimensionality of many biological channels. Sometimes, a lower bound on mutual information is computed by replacing the high-dimensional channel outputs with decodes (signal estimates). Our result provides a corresponding upper bound, provided that the decodes are the maximum posterior estimates of the signal."}],"day":"23","doi":"10.15479/at:ista:15020","year":"2024","citation":{"ama":"Hledik M. Genetic information and biological optimization. 2024. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.15479/at:ista:15020\">10.15479/at:ista:15020</a>","apa":"Hledik, M. (2024). <i>Genetic information and biological optimization</i>. Institute of Science and Technology Austria. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.15479/at:ista:15020\">https://doi.org/10.15479/at:ista:15020</a>","chicago":"Hledik, Michal. “Genetic Information and Biological Optimization.” Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2024. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.15479/at:ista:15020\">https://doi.org/10.15479/at:ista:15020</a>.","ieee":"M. Hledik, “Genetic information and biological optimization,” Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2024.","short":"M. Hledik, Genetic Information and Biological Optimization, Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2024.","mla":"Hledik, Michal. <i>Genetic Information and Biological Optimization</i>. Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2024, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.15479/at:ista:15020\">10.15479/at:ista:15020</a>.","ista":"Hledik M. 2024. Genetic information and biological optimization. Institute of Science and Technology Austria."},"date_updated":"2025-06-30T13:21:09Z","ddc":["576","519"],"title":"Genetic information and biological optimization","alternative_title":["ISTA Thesis"],"article_processing_charge":"No","date_created":"2024-02-23T14:02:04Z","department":[{"_id":"GradSch"},{"_id":"NiBa"},{"_id":"GaTk"}],"publication_status":"published","author":[{"id":"4171253A-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","full_name":"Hledik, Michal","first_name":"Michal","last_name":"Hledik"}],"_id":"15020","publisher":"Institute of Science and Technology Austria","file_date_updated":"2024-02-23T14:20:16Z","ec_funded":1,"page":"158","oa":1,"supervisor":[{"id":"4880FE40-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","last_name":"Barton","first_name":"Nicholas H","full_name":"Barton, Nicholas H","orcid":"0000-0002-8548-5240"},{"id":"3D494DCA-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","full_name":"Tkačik, Gašper","orcid":"0000-0002-6699-1455","last_name":"Tkačik","first_name":"Gašper"}],"publication_identifier":{"issn":["2663 - 337X"]},"type":"dissertation","date_published":"2024-02-23T00:00:00Z","status":"public","user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","related_material":{"record":[{"relation":"part_of_dissertation","id":"7553","status":"public"},{"status":"public","id":"7606","relation":"part_of_dissertation"},{"id":"12081","relation":"part_of_dissertation","status":"public"}]},"file":[{"file_id":"15021","creator":"mhledik","access_level":"open_access","success":1,"relation":"main_file","date_updated":"2024-02-23T13:50:53Z","content_type":"application/pdf","file_name":"hledik thesis pdfa 2b.pdf","date_created":"2024-02-23T13:50:53Z","file_size":7102089,"checksum":"b2d3da47c98d481577a4baf68944fe41"},{"date_updated":"2024-02-23T14:20:16Z","file_name":"hledik thesis source.zip","content_type":"application/zip","date_created":"2024-02-23T13:50:54Z","file_size":14014790,"checksum":"eda9b9430da2610fee7ce1c1419a479a","file_id":"15022","creator":"mhledik","relation":"source_file","access_level":"closed"}],"month":"02","project":[{"name":"International IST Doctoral Program","grant_number":"665385","call_identifier":"H2020","_id":"2564DBCA-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425"},{"_id":"2665AAFE-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425","grant_number":"RGP0034/2018","name":"Can evolution minimize spurious signaling crosstalk to reach optimal performance?"},{"name":"Understanding the evolution of continuous genomes","grant_number":"101055327","_id":"bd6958e0-d553-11ed-ba76-86eba6a76c00"}],"acknowledged_ssus":[{"_id":"ScienComp"}],"oa_version":"Published Version","has_accepted_license":"1","keyword":["Theoretical biology","Optimality","Evolution","Information"],"language":[{"iso":"eng"}]},{"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"article_number":"iyad133","month":"10","project":[{"name":"Limits to selection in biology and in evolutionary computation","grant_number":"250152","call_identifier":"FP7","_id":"25B07788-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425"},{"grant_number":"101055327","name":"Understanding the evolution of continuous genomes","_id":"bd6958e0-d553-11ed-ba76-86eba6a76c00"}],"oa_version":"Published Version","has_accepted_license":"1","publication":"Genetics","user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","status":"public","related_material":{"record":[{"relation":"research_data","id":"12949","status":"public"}]},"file":[{"file_name":"2023_Genetics_Barton.pdf","content_type":"application/pdf","date_updated":"2023-10-30T12:57:53Z","file_size":1439032,"checksum":"3f65b1fbe813e2f4dbb5d2b5e891844a","date_created":"2023-10-30T12:57:53Z","creator":"dernst","file_id":"14469","success":1,"access_level":"open_access","relation":"main_file"}],"oa":1,"publication_identifier":{"eissn":["1943-2631"],"issn":["0016-6731"]},"type":"journal_article","date_published":"2023-10-01T00:00:00Z","tmp":{"legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","short":"CC BY (4.0)","image":"/images/cc_by.png","name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)"},"article_type":"original","publisher":"Oxford Academic","file_date_updated":"2023-10-30T12:57:53Z","ec_funded":1,"quality_controlled":"1","intvolume":"       225","title":"The infinitesimal model with dominance","department":[{"_id":"NiBa"}],"article_processing_charge":"Yes (in subscription journal)","date_created":"2023-10-29T23:01:15Z","publication_status":"published","issue":"2","author":[{"last_name":"Barton","first_name":"Nicholas H","full_name":"Barton, Nicholas H","orcid":"0000-0002-8548-5240","id":"4880FE40-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87"},{"last_name":"Etheridge","first_name":"Alison M.","full_name":"Etheridge, Alison M."},{"full_name":"Véber, Amandine","last_name":"Véber","first_name":"Amandine"}],"scopus_import":"1","_id":"14452","ddc":["570"],"volume":225,"acknowledgement":"NHB was supported in part by ERC Grants 250152 and 101055327. AV was partly supported by the chaire Modélisation Mathématique et Biodiversité of Veolia Environment—Ecole Polytechnique—Museum National d’Histoire Naturelle—Fondation X.","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"The classical infinitesimal model is a simple and robust model for the inheritance of quantitative traits. In this model, a quantitative trait is expressed as the sum of a genetic and an environmental component, and the genetic component of offspring traits within a family follows a normal distribution around the average of the parents’ trait values, and has a variance that is independent of the parental traits. In previous work, we showed that when trait values are determined by the sum of a large number of additive Mendelian factors, each of small effect, one can justify the infinitesimal model as a limit of Mendelian inheritance. In this paper, we show that this result extends to include dominance. We define the model in terms of classical quantities of quantitative genetics, before justifying it as a limit of Mendelian inheritance as the number, M, of underlying loci tends to infinity. As in the additive case, the multivariate normal distribution of trait values across the pedigree can be expressed in terms of variance components in an ancestral population and probabilities of identity by descent determined by the pedigree. Now, with just first-order dominance effects, we require two-, three-, and four-way identities. We also show that, even if we condition on parental trait values, the “shared” and “residual” components of trait values within each family will be asymptotically normally distributed as the number of loci tends to infinity, with an error of order 1/M−−√⁠. We illustrate our results with some numerical examples."}],"day":"01","doi":"10.1093/genetics/iyad133","arxiv":1,"external_id":{"arxiv":["2211.03515"]},"year":"2023","citation":{"apa":"Barton, N. H., Etheridge, A. M., &#38; Véber, A. (2023). The infinitesimal model with dominance. <i>Genetics</i>. Oxford Academic. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/genetics/iyad133\">https://doi.org/10.1093/genetics/iyad133</a>","ama":"Barton NH, Etheridge AM, Véber A. The infinitesimal model with dominance. <i>Genetics</i>. 2023;225(2). doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/genetics/iyad133\">10.1093/genetics/iyad133</a>","chicago":"Barton, Nicholas H, Alison M. Etheridge, and Amandine Véber. “The Infinitesimal Model with Dominance.” <i>Genetics</i>. Oxford Academic, 2023. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/genetics/iyad133\">https://doi.org/10.1093/genetics/iyad133</a>.","ieee":"N. H. Barton, A. M. Etheridge, and A. Véber, “The infinitesimal model with dominance,” <i>Genetics</i>, vol. 225, no. 2. Oxford Academic, 2023.","short":"N.H. Barton, A.M. Etheridge, A. Véber, Genetics 225 (2023).","mla":"Barton, Nicholas H., et al. “The Infinitesimal Model with Dominance.” <i>Genetics</i>, vol. 225, no. 2, iyad133, Oxford Academic, 2023, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/genetics/iyad133\">10.1093/genetics/iyad133</a>.","ista":"Barton NH, Etheridge AM, Véber A. 2023. The infinitesimal model with dominance. Genetics. 225(2), iyad133."},"date_updated":"2025-05-28T11:42:48Z"},{"status":"public","user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","file":[{"file_name":"2023_MolecularEcology_Shipilina.pdf","content_type":"application/pdf","date_updated":"2023-08-16T08:15:41Z","checksum":"b10e0f8fa3dc4d72aaf77a557200978a","file_size":7144607,"date_created":"2023-08-16T08:15:41Z","creator":"dernst","file_id":"14062","access_level":"open_access","success":1,"relation":"main_file"}],"oa":1,"publication_identifier":{"issn":["0962-1083"],"eissn":["1365-294X"]},"date_published":"2023-03-01T00:00:00Z","type":"journal_article","tmp":{"legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","short":"CC BY (4.0)","image":"/images/cc_by.png","name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)"},"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"keyword":["Genetics","Ecology","Evolution","Behavior and Systematics"],"month":"03","oa_version":"Published Version","project":[{"name":"The maintenance of alternative adaptive peaks in snapdragons","grant_number":"P32166","_id":"05959E1C-7A3F-11EA-A408-12923DDC885E"},{"_id":"25F42A32-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425","call_identifier":"FWF","grant_number":"Z211","name":"The Wittgenstein Prize"},{"_id":"bd6958e0-d553-11ed-ba76-86eba6a76c00","grant_number":"101055327","name":"Understanding the evolution of continuous genomes"}],"publication":"Molecular Ecology","has_accepted_license":"1","ddc":["570"],"volume":32,"acknowledgement":"We thank the Barton group for useful discussion and feedback during the writing of this article. Comments from Roger Butlin, Molly Schumer's Group, the tskit development team, editors and three reviewers greatly improved the manuscript. Funding was provided by SCAS (Natural Sciences Programme, Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation), an FWF Wittgenstein grant (PT1001Z211), an FWF standalone grant (grant P 32166), and an ERC Advanced Grant. YFC was supported by the Max Planck Society and an ERC Proof of Concept Grant #101069216 (HAPLOTAGGING).","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"The term “haplotype block” is commonly used in the developing field of haplotype-based inference methods. We argue that the term should be defined based on the structure of the Ancestral Recombination Graph (ARG), which contains complete information on the ancestry of a sample. We use simulated examples to demonstrate key features of the relationship between haplotype blocks and ancestral structure, emphasizing the stochasticity of the processes that generate them. Even the simplest cases of neutrality or of a “hard” selective sweep produce a rich structure, often missed by commonly used statistics. We highlight a number of novel methods for inferring haplotype structure, based on the full ARG, or on a sequence of trees, and illustrate how they can be used to define haplotype blocks using an empirical data set. While the advent of new, computationally efficient methods makes it possible to apply these concepts broadly, they (and additional new methods) could benefit from adding features to explore haplotype blocks, as we define them. Understanding and applying the concept of the haplotype block will be essential to fully exploit long and linked-read sequencing technologies."}],"doi":"10.1111/mec.16793","day":"01","isi":1,"external_id":{"pmid":["36433653"],"isi":["000900762000001"]},"date_updated":"2023-08-16T08:18:47Z","citation":{"ista":"Shipilina D, Pal A, Stankowski S, Chan YF, Barton NH. 2023. On the origin and structure of haplotype blocks. Molecular Ecology. 32(6), 1441–1457.","mla":"Shipilina, Daria, et al. “On the Origin and Structure of Haplotype Blocks.” <i>Molecular Ecology</i>, vol. 32, no. 6, Wiley, 2023, pp. 1441–57, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1111/mec.16793\">10.1111/mec.16793</a>.","short":"D. Shipilina, A. Pal, S. Stankowski, Y.F. Chan, N.H. Barton, Molecular Ecology 32 (2023) 1441–1457.","ieee":"D. Shipilina, A. Pal, S. Stankowski, Y. F. Chan, and N. H. Barton, “On the origin and structure of haplotype blocks,” <i>Molecular Ecology</i>, vol. 32, no. 6. Wiley, pp. 1441–1457, 2023.","chicago":"Shipilina, Daria, Arka Pal, Sean Stankowski, Yingguang Frank Chan, and Nicholas H Barton. “On the Origin and Structure of Haplotype Blocks.” <i>Molecular Ecology</i>. Wiley, 2023. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1111/mec.16793\">https://doi.org/10.1111/mec.16793</a>.","apa":"Shipilina, D., Pal, A., Stankowski, S., Chan, Y. F., &#38; Barton, N. H. (2023). On the origin and structure of haplotype blocks. <i>Molecular Ecology</i>. Wiley. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1111/mec.16793\">https://doi.org/10.1111/mec.16793</a>","ama":"Shipilina D, Pal A, Stankowski S, Chan YF, Barton NH. On the origin and structure of haplotype blocks. <i>Molecular Ecology</i>. 2023;32(6):1441-1457. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1111/mec.16793\">10.1111/mec.16793</a>"},"year":"2023","article_type":"original","publisher":"Wiley","file_date_updated":"2023-08-16T08:15:41Z","page":"1441-1457","quality_controlled":"1","title":"On the origin and structure of haplotype blocks","intvolume":"        32","publication_status":"published","article_processing_charge":"Yes (via OA deal)","department":[{"_id":"NiBa"}],"date_created":"2023-01-12T12:09:17Z","author":[{"last_name":"Shipilina","first_name":"Daria","full_name":"Shipilina, Daria","orcid":"0000-0002-1145-9226","id":"428A94B0-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87"},{"id":"6AAB2240-CA9A-11E9-9C1A-D9D1E5697425","first_name":"Arka","last_name":"Pal","orcid":"0000-0002-4530-8469","full_name":"Pal, Arka"},{"last_name":"Stankowski","first_name":"Sean","full_name":"Stankowski, Sean","id":"43161670-5719-11EA-8025-FABC3DDC885E"},{"full_name":"Chan, Yingguang Frank","last_name":"Chan","first_name":"Yingguang Frank"},{"id":"4880FE40-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","first_name":"Nicholas H","last_name":"Barton","orcid":"0000-0002-8548-5240","full_name":"Barton, Nicholas H"}],"issue":"6","pmid":1,"_id":"12159","scopus_import":"1"},{"year":"2023","citation":{"ieee":"N. H. Barton, “The infinitesimal model with dominance.” Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2023.","chicago":"Barton, Nicholas H. “The Infinitesimal Model with Dominance.” Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2023. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.15479/AT:ISTA:12949\">https://doi.org/10.15479/AT:ISTA:12949</a>.","apa":"Barton, N. H. (2023). The infinitesimal model with dominance. Institute of Science and Technology Austria. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.15479/AT:ISTA:12949\">https://doi.org/10.15479/AT:ISTA:12949</a>","ama":"Barton NH. The infinitesimal model with dominance. 2023. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.15479/AT:ISTA:12949\">10.15479/AT:ISTA:12949</a>","ista":"Barton NH. 2023. The infinitesimal model with dominance, Institute of Science and Technology Austria, <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.15479/AT:ISTA:12949\">10.15479/AT:ISTA:12949</a>.","mla":"Barton, Nicholas H. <i>The Infinitesimal Model with Dominance</i>. Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2023, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.15479/AT:ISTA:12949\">10.15479/AT:ISTA:12949</a>.","short":"N.H. Barton, (2023)."},"date_updated":"2025-05-28T11:57:00Z","tmp":{"legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","short":"CC BY (4.0)","image":"/images/cc_by.png","name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)"},"type":"research_data","date_published":"2023-05-13T00:00:00Z","day":"13","doi":"10.15479/AT:ISTA:12949","oa":1,"abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"The classical infinitesimal model is a simple and robust model for the inheritance of quantitative traits. In this model, a quantitative trait is expressed as the sum of a genetic and a non-genetic (environmental) component and the genetic component of offspring traits within a family follows a normal distribution around the average of the parents’ trait values, and has a variance that is independent of the trait values of the parents. Although the trait distribution across the whole population can be far from normal, the trait distributions within families are normally distributed with a variance-covariance matrix that is determined entirely by that in  the ancestral population and the probabilities of identity determined by the pedigree. Moreover, conditioning on some of the trait values within the pedigree has predictable effects on the mean and variance within and between families. In previous work, Barton et al. (2017), we showed that when trait values are determined by the sum of a large number of Mendelian factors, each  of small effect, one can justify the infinitesimal model as limit of Mendelian inheritance. It was also shown that under some forms of epistasis, trait values within a family are still normally distributed."}],"file":[{"file_size":13662,"checksum":"b0ce7d4b1ee7e7265430ceed36fc3336","date_created":"2023-05-13T09:36:33Z","content_type":"application/octet-stream","file_name":"Neutral identities 16th Jan","date_updated":"2023-05-13T09:36:33Z","success":1,"access_level":"open_access","relation":"main_file","creator":"nbarton","file_id":"12950"},{"checksum":"ad5035ad4f7d3b150a252c79884f6a83","file_size":181619928,"date_created":"2023-05-13T09:38:17Z","content_type":"application/octet-stream","file_name":"p, zA, zD, N=30 neutral III","date_updated":"2023-05-13T09:38:17Z","success":1,"relation":"main_file","access_level":"open_access","creator":"nbarton","file_id":"12951"},{"success":1,"access_level":"open_access","relation":"main_file","file_id":"12952","creator":"nbarton","date_created":"2023-05-13T09:41:59Z","checksum":"62182a1de796256edd6f4223704312ef","file_size":605902074,"date_updated":"2023-05-13T09:41:59Z","content_type":"application/octet-stream","file_name":"p, zA, zD, N=30 neutral IV"},{"access_level":"open_access","success":1,"relation":"main_file","creator":"nbarton","file_id":"12953","file_size":1018238746,"checksum":"af775dda5c4f6859cb1e5a81ec40a667","date_created":"2023-05-13T09:46:52Z","file_name":"p, zA, zD, N=30 selected k=5","content_type":"application/octet-stream","date_updated":"2023-05-13T09:46:52Z"},{"file_id":"12954","creator":"nbarton","relation":"main_file","success":1,"access_level":"open_access","date_updated":"2023-05-13T09:42:05Z","content_type":"application/octet-stream","file_name":"Pairwise F N=30 neutral II","date_created":"2023-05-13T09:42:05Z","checksum":"af26f3394c387d3ada14b434cd68b1e5","file_size":3197160},{"success":1,"relation":"main_file","access_level":"open_access","creator":"nbarton","file_id":"12955","checksum":"d5da7dc0e7282dd48222e26d12e34220","file_size":55492,"date_created":"2023-05-13T09:42:06Z","content_type":"application/octet-stream","file_name":"Pedigrees N=30 neutral II","date_updated":"2023-05-13T09:42:06Z"},{"content_type":"application/octet-stream","file_name":"selected reps N=30 selected k=1,2 300 reps III","date_updated":"2023-05-13T09:46:06Z","file_size":474003467,"checksum":"00f386d80677590e29f6235d49cba58d","date_created":"2023-05-13T09:46:06Z","creator":"nbarton","file_id":"12956","access_level":"open_access","success":1,"relation":"main_file"},{"file_id":"12957","creator":"nbarton","success":1,"relation":"main_file","access_level":"open_access","date_updated":"2023-05-13T09:46:08Z","file_name":"Algorithm for caclulating identities.nb","content_type":"application/octet-stream","date_created":"2023-05-13T09:46:08Z","file_size":121209,"checksum":"658cef3eaea6136a4d24da4f074191d7"},{"checksum":"db9b6dddd7a596d974e25f5e78f5c45c","file_size":1803898,"date_created":"2023-05-13T09:46:08Z","file_name":"Infinitesimal with dominance.nb","content_type":"application/octet-stream","date_updated":"2023-05-13T09:46:08Z","relation":"main_file","success":1,"access_level":"open_access","creator":"nbarton","file_id":"12958"},{"access_level":"open_access","success":1,"relation":"main_file","file_id":"12967","creator":"nbarton","date_created":"2023-05-16T04:09:08Z","checksum":"91f80a9fb58cae8eef2d8bf59fe30189","file_size":990,"date_updated":"2023-05-16T04:09:08Z","content_type":"text/plain","file_name":"ReadMe.txt"}],"user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","status":"public","ddc":["576"],"related_material":{"record":[{"id":"14452","relation":"used_in_publication","status":"public"}]},"has_accepted_license":"1","_id":"12949","author":[{"first_name":"Nicholas H","last_name":"Barton","orcid":"0000-0002-8548-5240","full_name":"Barton, Nicholas H","id":"4880FE40-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87"}],"project":[{"_id":"bd6958e0-d553-11ed-ba76-86eba6a76c00","grant_number":"101055327","name":"Understanding the evolution of continuous genomes"}],"department":[{"_id":"NiBa"}],"article_processing_charge":"No","date_created":"2023-05-13T09:49:09Z","oa_version":"Published Version","month":"05","title":"The infinitesimal model with dominance","keyword":["Quantitative genetics","infinitesimal model"],"contributor":[{"contributor_type":"researcher","last_name":"Veber","first_name":"Amandine"},{"last_name":"Etheridge","contributor_type":"researcher","first_name":"Alison"}],"file_date_updated":"2023-05-16T04:09:08Z","publisher":"Institute of Science and Technology Austria"}]