---
_id: '13312'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: "Superconductor/semiconductor hybrid devices have attracted increasing\r\ninterest
    in the past years. Superconducting electronics aims to complement\r\nsemiconductor
    technology, while hybrid architectures are at the forefront of\r\nnew ideas such
    as topological superconductivity and protected qubits. In this\r\nwork, we engineer
    the induced superconductivity in two-dimensional germanium\r\nhole gas by varying
    the distance between the quantum well and the aluminum. We\r\ndemonstrate a hard
    superconducting gap and realize an electrically and flux\r\ntunable superconducting
    diode using a superconducting quantum interference\r\ndevice (SQUID). This allows
    to tune the current phase relation (CPR), to a\r\nregime where single Cooper pair
    tunneling is suppressed, creating a $ \\sin\r\n\\left( 2 \\varphi \\right)$ CPR.
    Shapiro experiments complement this\r\ninterpretation and the microwave drive
    allows to create a diode with $ \\approx\r\n100 \\%$ efficiency. The reported
    results open up the path towards monolithic\r\nintegration of spin qubit devices,
    microwave resonators and (protected)\r\nsuperconducting qubits on a silicon technology
    compatible platform."
acknowledged_ssus:
- _id: M-Shop
- _id: NanoFab
acknowledgement: "The authors acknowledge Alexander Brinkmann, Alessandro Crippa,
  Andrew Higginbotham, Andrea Iorio, Giordano\r\nScappucci and Christian Schonenberger
  for helpful discussions. We thank Marcel Verheijen for the support in the\r\nTEM
  analysis. This research and related results were made\r\npossible with the support
  of the NOMIS Foundation. It was\r\nsupported by the Scientific Service Units of
  ISTA through resources provided by the MIBA Machine Shop and the\r\nnanofabrication
  facility, the European Union’s Horizon 2020\r\nresearch and innovation programme
  under Grant Agreement\r\nNo 862046, the HORIZON-RIA 101069515 project and the\r\nFWF
  Projects #P-32235, #P-36507 and #F-8606. R.S.S.\r\nacknowledges Spanish CM “Talento
  Program” Project No.\r\n2022-T1/IND-24070."
article_number: '2306.07109'
article_processing_charge: No
arxiv: 1
author:
- first_name: Marco
  full_name: Valentini, Marco
  id: C0BB2FAC-D767-11E9-B658-BC13E6697425
  last_name: Valentini
- first_name: Oliver
  full_name: Sagi, Oliver
  id: 71616374-A8E9-11E9-A7CA-09ECE5697425
  last_name: Sagi
- first_name: Levon
  full_name: Baghumyan, Levon
  last_name: Baghumyan
- first_name: Thijs de
  full_name: Gijsel, Thijs de
  last_name: Gijsel
- first_name: Jason
  full_name: Jung, Jason
  id: 4C9ACE7A-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Jung
- first_name: Stefano
  full_name: Calcaterra, Stefano
  last_name: Calcaterra
- first_name: Andrea
  full_name: Ballabio, Andrea
  last_name: Ballabio
- first_name: Juan Aguilera
  full_name: Servin, Juan Aguilera
  last_name: Servin
- first_name: Kushagra
  full_name: Aggarwal, Kushagra
  id: b22ab905-3539-11eb-84c3-fc159dcd79cb
  last_name: Aggarwal
  orcid: 0000-0001-9985-9293
- first_name: Marian
  full_name: Janik, Marian
  id: 396A1950-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Janik
- first_name: Thomas
  full_name: Adletzberger, Thomas
  id: 38756BB2-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Adletzberger
- first_name: Rubén Seoane
  full_name: Souto, Rubén Seoane
  last_name: Souto
- first_name: Martin
  full_name: Leijnse, Martin
  last_name: Leijnse
- first_name: Jeroen
  full_name: Danon, Jeroen
  last_name: Danon
- first_name: Constantin
  full_name: Schrade, Constantin
  last_name: Schrade
- first_name: Erik
  full_name: Bakkers, Erik
  last_name: Bakkers
- first_name: Daniel
  full_name: Chrastina, Daniel
  last_name: Chrastina
- first_name: Giovanni
  full_name: Isella, Giovanni
  last_name: Isella
- first_name: Georgios
  full_name: Katsaros, Georgios
  id: 38DB5788-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Katsaros
  orcid: 0000-0001-8342-202X
citation:
  ama: Valentini M, Sagi O, Baghumyan L, et al. Radio frequency driven superconducting
    diode and parity conserving  Cooper pair transport in a two-dimensional germanium
    hole gas. <i>arXiv</i>. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2306.07109">10.48550/arXiv.2306.07109</a>
  apa: Valentini, M., Sagi, O., Baghumyan, L., Gijsel, T. de, Jung, J., Calcaterra,
    S., … Katsaros, G. (n.d.). Radio frequency driven superconducting diode and parity
    conserving  Cooper pair transport in a two-dimensional germanium hole gas. <i>arXiv</i>.
    <a href="https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2306.07109">https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2306.07109</a>
  chicago: Valentini, Marco, Oliver Sagi, Levon Baghumyan, Thijs de Gijsel, Jason
    Jung, Stefano Calcaterra, Andrea Ballabio, et al. “Radio Frequency Driven Superconducting
    Diode and Parity Conserving  Cooper Pair Transport in a Two-Dimensional Germanium
    Hole Gas.” <i>ArXiv</i>, n.d. <a href="https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2306.07109">https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2306.07109</a>.
  ieee: M. Valentini <i>et al.</i>, “Radio frequency driven superconducting diode
    and parity conserving  Cooper pair transport in a two-dimensional germanium hole
    gas,” <i>arXiv</i>. .
  ista: Valentini M, Sagi O, Baghumyan L, Gijsel T de, Jung J, Calcaterra S, Ballabio
    A, Servin JA, Aggarwal K, Janik M, Adletzberger T, Souto RS, Leijnse M, Danon
    J, Schrade C, Bakkers E, Chrastina D, Isella G, Katsaros G. Radio frequency driven
    superconducting diode and parity conserving  Cooper pair transport in a two-dimensional
    germanium hole gas. arXiv, 2306.07109.
  mla: Valentini, Marco, et al. “Radio Frequency Driven Superconducting Diode and
    Parity Conserving  Cooper Pair Transport in a Two-Dimensional Germanium Hole Gas.”
    <i>ArXiv</i>, 2306.07109, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2306.07109">10.48550/arXiv.2306.07109</a>.
  short: M. Valentini, O. Sagi, L. Baghumyan, T. de Gijsel, J. Jung, S. Calcaterra,
    A. Ballabio, J.A. Servin, K. Aggarwal, M. Janik, T. Adletzberger, R.S. Souto,
    M. Leijnse, J. Danon, C. Schrade, E. Bakkers, D. Chrastina, G. Isella, G. Katsaros,
    ArXiv (n.d.).
date_created: 2023-07-26T11:17:20Z
date_published: 2023-06-13T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2024-02-07T07:52:32Z
day: '13'
ddc:
- '530'
department:
- _id: GeKa
- _id: M-Shop
doi: 10.48550/arXiv.2306.07109
ec_funded: 1
external_id:
  arxiv:
  - '2306.07109'
keyword:
- Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
  url: https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2306.07109
month: '06'
oa: 1
oa_version: Preprint
project:
- _id: 237E5020-32DE-11EA-91FC-C7463DDC885E
  call_identifier: H2020
  grant_number: '862046'
  name: TOPOLOGICALLY PROTECTED AND SCALABLE QUANTUM BITS
- _id: 237B3DA4-32DE-11EA-91FC-C7463DDC885E
  call_identifier: FWF
  grant_number: P32235
  name: Towards scalable hut wire quantum devices
- _id: bd8bd29e-d553-11ed-ba76-f0070d4b237a
  grant_number: P36507
  name: Merging spin and superconducting qubits in planar Ge
- _id: 34a66131-11ca-11ed-8bc3-a31681c6b03e
  grant_number: F8606
  name: Conventional and unconventional topological superconductors
- _id: bd5b4ec5-d553-11ed-ba76-a6eedb083344
  name: Protected states of quantum matter
publication: arXiv
publication_status: submitted
related_material:
  record:
  - id: '13286'
    relation: dissertation_contains
    status: public
status: public
title: Radio frequency driven superconducting diode and parity conserving  Cooper
  pair transport in a two-dimensional germanium hole gas
tmp:
  image: /images/cc_by.png
  legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode
  name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)
  short: CC BY (4.0)
type: preprint
user_id: 8b945eb4-e2f2-11eb-945a-df72226e66a9
year: '2023'
...
---
_id: '14032'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: Arrays of Josephson junctions are governed by a competition between superconductivity
    and repulsive Coulomb interactions, and are expected to exhibit diverging low-temperature
    resistance when interactions exceed a critical level. Here we report a study of
    the transport and microwave response of Josephson arrays with interactions exceeding
    this level. Contrary to expectations, we observe that the array resistance drops
    dramatically as the temperature is decreased—reminiscent of superconducting behaviour—and
    then saturates at low temperature. Applying a magnetic field, we eventually observe
    a transition to a highly resistive regime. These observations can be understood
    within a theoretical picture that accounts for the effect of thermal fluctuations
    on the insulating phase. On the basis of the agreement between experiment and
    theory, we suggest that apparent superconductivity in our Josephson arrays arises
    from melting the zero-temperature insulator.
acknowledged_ssus:
- _id: M-Shop
- _id: NanoFab
acknowledgement: We thank D. Haviland, J. Pekola, C. Ciuti, A. Bubis and A. Shnirman
  for helpful feedback on the paper. This research was supported by the Scientific
  Service Units of IST Austria through resources provided by the MIBA Machine Shop
  and the Nanofabrication Facility. Work supported by the Austrian FWF grant P33692-N
  (S.M., J.S. and A.P.H.), the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation
  programme under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie Grant Agreement No. 754411 (J.S.) and
  a NOMIS foundation research grant (J.M.F. and A.P.H.).
article_processing_charge: Yes (in subscription journal)
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Soham
  full_name: Mukhopadhyay, Soham
  id: FDE60288-A89D-11E9-947F-1AF6E5697425
  last_name: Mukhopadhyay
- first_name: Jorden L
  full_name: Senior, Jorden L
  id: 5479D234-2D30-11EA-89CC-40953DDC885E
  last_name: Senior
  orcid: 0000-0002-0672-9295
- first_name: Jaime
  full_name: Saez Mollejo, Jaime
  id: e0390f72-f6e0-11ea-865d-862393336714
  last_name: Saez Mollejo
- first_name: Denise
  full_name: Puglia, Denise
  id: 4D495994-AE37-11E9-AC72-31CAE5697425
  last_name: Puglia
  orcid: 0000-0003-1144-2763
- first_name: Martin
  full_name: Zemlicka, Martin
  id: 2DCF8DE6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Zemlicka
- first_name: Johannes M
  full_name: Fink, Johannes M
  id: 4B591CBA-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Fink
  orcid: 0000-0001-8112-028X
- first_name: Andrew P
  full_name: Higginbotham, Andrew P
  id: 4AD6785A-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Higginbotham
  orcid: 0000-0003-2607-2363
citation:
  ama: Mukhopadhyay S, Senior JL, Saez Mollejo J, et al. Superconductivity from a
    melted insulator in Josephson junction arrays. <i>Nature Physics</i>. 2023;19:1630-1635.
    doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41567-023-02161-w">10.1038/s41567-023-02161-w</a>
  apa: Mukhopadhyay, S., Senior, J. L., Saez Mollejo, J., Puglia, D., Zemlicka, M.,
    Fink, J. M., &#38; Higginbotham, A. P. (2023). Superconductivity from a melted
    insulator in Josephson junction arrays. <i>Nature Physics</i>. Springer Nature.
    <a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41567-023-02161-w">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41567-023-02161-w</a>
  chicago: Mukhopadhyay, Soham, Jorden L Senior, Jaime Saez Mollejo, Denise Puglia,
    Martin Zemlicka, Johannes M Fink, and Andrew P Higginbotham. “Superconductivity
    from a Melted Insulator in Josephson Junction Arrays.” <i>Nature Physics</i>.
    Springer Nature, 2023. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41567-023-02161-w">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41567-023-02161-w</a>.
  ieee: S. Mukhopadhyay <i>et al.</i>, “Superconductivity from a melted insulator
    in Josephson junction arrays,” <i>Nature Physics</i>, vol. 19. Springer Nature,
    pp. 1630–1635, 2023.
  ista: Mukhopadhyay S, Senior JL, Saez Mollejo J, Puglia D, Zemlicka M, Fink JM,
    Higginbotham AP. 2023. Superconductivity from a melted insulator in Josephson
    junction arrays. Nature Physics. 19, 1630–1635.
  mla: Mukhopadhyay, Soham, et al. “Superconductivity from a Melted Insulator in Josephson
    Junction Arrays.” <i>Nature Physics</i>, vol. 19, Springer Nature, 2023, pp. 1630–35,
    doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41567-023-02161-w">10.1038/s41567-023-02161-w</a>.
  short: S. Mukhopadhyay, J.L. Senior, J. Saez Mollejo, D. Puglia, M. Zemlicka, J.M.
    Fink, A.P. Higginbotham, Nature Physics 19 (2023) 1630–1635.
date_created: 2023-08-11T07:41:17Z
date_published: 2023-11-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2024-01-29T11:27:49Z
day: '01'
ddc:
- '530'
department:
- _id: GradSch
- _id: AnHi
- _id: JoFi
doi: 10.1038/s41567-023-02161-w
ec_funded: 1
external_id:
  isi:
  - '001054563800006'
file:
- access_level: open_access
  checksum: 1fc86d71bfbf836e221c1e925343adc5
  content_type: application/pdf
  creator: dernst
  date_created: 2024-01-29T11:25:38Z
  date_updated: 2024-01-29T11:25:38Z
  file_id: '14899'
  file_name: 2023_NaturePhysics_Mukhopadhyay.pdf
  file_size: 1977706
  relation: main_file
  success: 1
file_date_updated: 2024-01-29T11:25:38Z
has_accepted_license: '1'
intvolume: '        19'
isi: 1
keyword:
- General Physics and Astronomy
language:
- iso: eng
month: '11'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
page: 1630-1635
project:
- _id: 0aa3608a-070f-11eb-9043-e9cd8a2bd931
  grant_number: P33692
  name: Cavity electromechanics across a quantum phase transition
- _id: 260C2330-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425
  call_identifier: H2020
  grant_number: '754411'
  name: ISTplus - Postdoctoral Fellowships
- _id: eb9b30ac-77a9-11ec-83b8-871f581d53d2
  name: Protected states of quantum matter
- _id: bd5b4ec5-d553-11ed-ba76-a6eedb083344
  name: Protected states of quantum matter
publication: Nature Physics
publication_identifier:
  eissn:
  - 1745-2481
  issn:
  - 1745-2473
publication_status: published
publisher: Springer Nature
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: Superconductivity from a melted insulator in Josephson junction arrays
tmp:
  image: /images/cc_by.png
  legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode
  name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)
  short: CC BY (4.0)
type: journal_article
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 19
year: '2023'
...