[{"tmp":{"legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)","image":"/images/cc_by.png","short":"CC BY (4.0)"},"oa":1,"main_file_link":[{"url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2306.07109","open_access":"1"}],"publication_status":"submitted","_id":"13312","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"Superconductor/semiconductor hybrid devices have attracted increasing\r\ninterest in the past years. Superconducting electronics aims to complement\r\nsemiconductor technology, while hybrid architectures are at the forefront of\r\nnew ideas such as topological superconductivity and protected qubits. In this\r\nwork, we engineer the induced superconductivity in two-dimensional germanium\r\nhole gas by varying the distance between the quantum well and the aluminum. We\r\ndemonstrate a hard superconducting gap and realize an electrically and flux\r\ntunable superconducting diode using a superconducting quantum interference\r\ndevice (SQUID). This allows to tune the current phase relation (CPR), to a\r\nregime where single Cooper pair tunneling is suppressed, creating a $ \\sin\r\n\\left( 2 \\varphi \\right)$ CPR. Shapiro experiments complement this\r\ninterpretation and the microwave drive allows to create a diode with $ \\approx\r\n100 \\%$ efficiency. The reported results open up the path towards monolithic\r\nintegration of spin qubit devices, microwave resonators and (protected)\r\nsuperconducting qubits on a silicon technology compatible platform."}],"date_published":"2023-06-13T00:00:00Z","article_number":"2306.07109","article_processing_charge":"No","arxiv":1,"acknowledged_ssus":[{"_id":"M-Shop"},{"_id":"NanoFab"}],"external_id":{"arxiv":["2306.07109"]},"date_updated":"2024-02-07T07:52:32Z","user_id":"8b945eb4-e2f2-11eb-945a-df72226e66a9","oa_version":"Preprint","year":"2023","status":"public","publication":"arXiv","department":[{"_id":"GeKa"},{"_id":"M-Shop"}],"date_created":"2023-07-26T11:17:20Z","month":"06","ddc":["530"],"doi":"10.48550/arXiv.2306.07109","keyword":["Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics"],"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"related_material":{"record":[{"status":"public","id":"13286","relation":"dissertation_contains"}]},"project":[{"call_identifier":"H2020","_id":"237E5020-32DE-11EA-91FC-C7463DDC885E","grant_number":"862046","name":"TOPOLOGICALLY PROTECTED AND SCALABLE QUANTUM BITS"},{"call_identifier":"FWF","_id":"237B3DA4-32DE-11EA-91FC-C7463DDC885E","name":"Towards scalable hut wire quantum devices","grant_number":"P32235"},{"name":"Merging spin and superconducting qubits in planar Ge","grant_number":"P36507","_id":"bd8bd29e-d553-11ed-ba76-f0070d4b237a"},{"name":"Conventional and unconventional topological superconductors","grant_number":"F8606","_id":"34a66131-11ca-11ed-8bc3-a31681c6b03e"},{"name":"Protected states of quantum matter","_id":"bd5b4ec5-d553-11ed-ba76-a6eedb083344"}],"acknowledgement":"The authors acknowledge Alexander Brinkmann, Alessandro Crippa, Andrew Higginbotham, Andrea Iorio, Giordano\r\nScappucci and Christian Schonenberger for helpful discussions. We thank Marcel Verheijen for the support in the\r\nTEM analysis. This research and related results were made\r\npossible with the support of the NOMIS Foundation. It was\r\nsupported by the Scientific Service Units of ISTA through resources provided by the MIBA Machine Shop and the\r\nnanofabrication facility, the European Union’s Horizon 2020\r\nresearch and innovation programme under Grant Agreement\r\nNo 862046, the HORIZON-RIA 101069515 project and the\r\nFWF Projects #P-32235, #P-36507 and #F-8606. R.S.S.\r\nacknowledges Spanish CM “Talento Program” Project No.\r\n2022-T1/IND-24070.","author":[{"last_name":"Valentini","first_name":"Marco","full_name":"Valentini, Marco","id":"C0BB2FAC-D767-11E9-B658-BC13E6697425"},{"id":"71616374-A8E9-11E9-A7CA-09ECE5697425","last_name":"Sagi","first_name":"Oliver","full_name":"Sagi, Oliver"},{"full_name":"Baghumyan, Levon","first_name":"Levon","last_name":"Baghumyan"},{"last_name":"Gijsel","full_name":"Gijsel, Thijs de","first_name":"Thijs de"},{"last_name":"Jung","first_name":"Jason","full_name":"Jung, Jason","id":"4C9ACE7A-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87"},{"full_name":"Calcaterra, Stefano","first_name":"Stefano","last_name":"Calcaterra"},{"first_name":"Andrea","full_name":"Ballabio, Andrea","last_name":"Ballabio"},{"last_name":"Servin","first_name":"Juan Aguilera","full_name":"Servin, Juan Aguilera"},{"last_name":"Aggarwal","first_name":"Kushagra","full_name":"Aggarwal, Kushagra","id":"b22ab905-3539-11eb-84c3-fc159dcd79cb","orcid":"0000-0001-9985-9293"},{"last_name":"Janik","first_name":"Marian","full_name":"Janik, Marian","id":"396A1950-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87"},{"last_name":"Adletzberger","first_name":"Thomas","full_name":"Adletzberger, Thomas","id":"38756BB2-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87"},{"last_name":"Souto","full_name":"Souto, Rubén Seoane","first_name":"Rubén Seoane"},{"full_name":"Leijnse, Martin","first_name":"Martin","last_name":"Leijnse"},{"last_name":"Danon","full_name":"Danon, Jeroen","first_name":"Jeroen"},{"full_name":"Schrade, Constantin","first_name":"Constantin","last_name":"Schrade"},{"last_name":"Bakkers","full_name":"Bakkers, Erik","first_name":"Erik"},{"last_name":"Chrastina","full_name":"Chrastina, Daniel","first_name":"Daniel"},{"full_name":"Isella, Giovanni","first_name":"Giovanni","last_name":"Isella"},{"id":"38DB5788-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","orcid":"0000-0001-8342-202X","first_name":"Georgios","full_name":"Katsaros, Georgios","last_name":"Katsaros"}],"type":"preprint","day":"13","title":"Radio frequency driven superconducting diode and parity conserving  Cooper pair transport in a two-dimensional germanium hole gas","citation":{"apa":"Valentini, M., Sagi, O., Baghumyan, L., Gijsel, T. de, Jung, J., Calcaterra, S., … Katsaros, G. (n.d.). Radio frequency driven superconducting diode and parity conserving  Cooper pair transport in a two-dimensional germanium hole gas. <i>arXiv</i>. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2306.07109\">https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2306.07109</a>","ama":"Valentini M, Sagi O, Baghumyan L, et al. Radio frequency driven superconducting diode and parity conserving  Cooper pair transport in a two-dimensional germanium hole gas. <i>arXiv</i>. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2306.07109\">10.48550/arXiv.2306.07109</a>","short":"M. Valentini, O. Sagi, L. Baghumyan, T. de Gijsel, J. Jung, S. Calcaterra, A. Ballabio, J.A. Servin, K. Aggarwal, M. Janik, T. Adletzberger, R.S. Souto, M. Leijnse, J. Danon, C. Schrade, E. Bakkers, D. Chrastina, G. Isella, G. Katsaros, ArXiv (n.d.).","mla":"Valentini, Marco, et al. “Radio Frequency Driven Superconducting Diode and Parity Conserving  Cooper Pair Transport in a Two-Dimensional Germanium Hole Gas.” <i>ArXiv</i>, 2306.07109, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2306.07109\">10.48550/arXiv.2306.07109</a>.","ieee":"M. Valentini <i>et al.</i>, “Radio frequency driven superconducting diode and parity conserving  Cooper pair transport in a two-dimensional germanium hole gas,” <i>arXiv</i>. .","ista":"Valentini M, Sagi O, Baghumyan L, Gijsel T de, Jung J, Calcaterra S, Ballabio A, Servin JA, Aggarwal K, Janik M, Adletzberger T, Souto RS, Leijnse M, Danon J, Schrade C, Bakkers E, Chrastina D, Isella G, Katsaros G. Radio frequency driven superconducting diode and parity conserving  Cooper pair transport in a two-dimensional germanium hole gas. arXiv, 2306.07109.","chicago":"Valentini, Marco, Oliver Sagi, Levon Baghumyan, Thijs de Gijsel, Jason Jung, Stefano Calcaterra, Andrea Ballabio, et al. “Radio Frequency Driven Superconducting Diode and Parity Conserving  Cooper Pair Transport in a Two-Dimensional Germanium Hole Gas.” <i>ArXiv</i>, n.d. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2306.07109\">https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2306.07109</a>."},"ec_funded":1},{"oa":1,"publication_status":"published","tmp":{"legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)","image":"/images/cc_by.png","short":"CC BY (4.0)"},"volume":19,"file_date_updated":"2024-01-29T11:25:38Z","article_processing_charge":"Yes (in subscription journal)","_id":"14032","date_published":"2023-11-01T00:00:00Z","abstract":[{"text":"Arrays of Josephson junctions are governed by a competition between superconductivity and repulsive Coulomb interactions, and are expected to exhibit diverging low-temperature resistance when interactions exceed a critical level. Here we report a study of the transport and microwave response of Josephson arrays with interactions exceeding this level. Contrary to expectations, we observe that the array resistance drops dramatically as the temperature is decreased—reminiscent of superconducting behaviour—and then saturates at low temperature. Applying a magnetic field, we eventually observe a transition to a highly resistive regime. These observations can be understood within a theoretical picture that accounts for the effect of thermal fluctuations on the insulating phase. On the basis of the agreement between experiment and theory, we suggest that apparent superconductivity in our Josephson arrays arises from melting the zero-temperature insulator.","lang":"eng"}],"file":[{"date_created":"2024-01-29T11:25:38Z","success":1,"content_type":"application/pdf","relation":"main_file","file_id":"14899","checksum":"1fc86d71bfbf836e221c1e925343adc5","date_updated":"2024-01-29T11:25:38Z","access_level":"open_access","file_name":"2023_NaturePhysics_Mukhopadhyay.pdf","creator":"dernst","file_size":1977706}],"publication_identifier":{"eissn":["1745-2481"],"issn":["1745-2473"]},"acknowledged_ssus":[{"_id":"M-Shop"},{"_id":"NanoFab"}],"external_id":{"isi":["001054563800006"]},"scopus_import":"1","date_updated":"2024-01-29T11:27:49Z","user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","year":"2023","has_accepted_license":"1","oa_version":"Published Version","article_type":"original","isi":1,"publisher":"Springer Nature","intvolume":"        19","status":"public","publication":"Nature Physics","quality_controlled":"1","department":[{"_id":"GradSch"},{"_id":"AnHi"},{"_id":"JoFi"}],"page":"1630-1635","date_created":"2023-08-11T07:41:17Z","month":"11","project":[{"name":"Cavity electromechanics across a quantum phase transition","grant_number":"P33692","_id":"0aa3608a-070f-11eb-9043-e9cd8a2bd931"},{"name":"ISTplus - Postdoctoral Fellowships","grant_number":"754411","_id":"260C2330-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425","call_identifier":"H2020"},{"_id":"eb9b30ac-77a9-11ec-83b8-871f581d53d2","name":"Protected states of quantum matter"},{"name":"Protected states of quantum matter","_id":"bd5b4ec5-d553-11ed-ba76-a6eedb083344"}],"acknowledgement":"We thank D. Haviland, J. Pekola, C. Ciuti, A. Bubis and A. Shnirman for helpful feedback on the paper. This research was supported by the Scientific Service Units of IST Austria through resources provided by the MIBA Machine Shop and the Nanofabrication Facility. Work supported by the Austrian FWF grant P33692-N (S.M., J.S. and A.P.H.), the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation programme under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie Grant Agreement No. 754411 (J.S.) and a NOMIS foundation research grant (J.M.F. and A.P.H.).","doi":"10.1038/s41567-023-02161-w","ddc":["530"],"keyword":["General Physics and Astronomy"],"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"title":"Superconductivity from a melted insulator in Josephson junction arrays","citation":{"chicago":"Mukhopadhyay, Soham, Jorden L Senior, Jaime Saez Mollejo, Denise Puglia, Martin Zemlicka, Johannes M Fink, and Andrew P Higginbotham. “Superconductivity from a Melted Insulator in Josephson Junction Arrays.” <i>Nature Physics</i>. Springer Nature, 2023. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41567-023-02161-w\">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41567-023-02161-w</a>.","ieee":"S. Mukhopadhyay <i>et al.</i>, “Superconductivity from a melted insulator in Josephson junction arrays,” <i>Nature Physics</i>, vol. 19. Springer Nature, pp. 1630–1635, 2023.","ista":"Mukhopadhyay S, Senior JL, Saez Mollejo J, Puglia D, Zemlicka M, Fink JM, Higginbotham AP. 2023. Superconductivity from a melted insulator in Josephson junction arrays. Nature Physics. 19, 1630–1635.","mla":"Mukhopadhyay, Soham, et al. “Superconductivity from a Melted Insulator in Josephson Junction Arrays.” <i>Nature Physics</i>, vol. 19, Springer Nature, 2023, pp. 1630–35, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41567-023-02161-w\">10.1038/s41567-023-02161-w</a>.","short":"S. Mukhopadhyay, J.L. Senior, J. Saez Mollejo, D. Puglia, M. Zemlicka, J.M. Fink, A.P. Higginbotham, Nature Physics 19 (2023) 1630–1635.","ama":"Mukhopadhyay S, Senior JL, Saez Mollejo J, et al. Superconductivity from a melted insulator in Josephson junction arrays. <i>Nature Physics</i>. 2023;19:1630-1635. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41567-023-02161-w\">10.1038/s41567-023-02161-w</a>","apa":"Mukhopadhyay, S., Senior, J. L., Saez Mollejo, J., Puglia, D., Zemlicka, M., Fink, J. M., &#38; Higginbotham, A. P. (2023). Superconductivity from a melted insulator in Josephson junction arrays. <i>Nature Physics</i>. Springer Nature. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41567-023-02161-w\">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41567-023-02161-w</a>"},"ec_funded":1,"type":"journal_article","author":[{"full_name":"Mukhopadhyay, Soham","first_name":"Soham","last_name":"Mukhopadhyay","id":"FDE60288-A89D-11E9-947F-1AF6E5697425"},{"first_name":"Jorden L","full_name":"Senior, Jorden L","last_name":"Senior","id":"5479D234-2D30-11EA-89CC-40953DDC885E","orcid":"0000-0002-0672-9295"},{"id":"e0390f72-f6e0-11ea-865d-862393336714","last_name":"Saez Mollejo","full_name":"Saez Mollejo, Jaime","first_name":"Jaime"},{"first_name":"Denise","full_name":"Puglia, Denise","last_name":"Puglia","orcid":"0000-0003-1144-2763","id":"4D495994-AE37-11E9-AC72-31CAE5697425"},{"first_name":"Martin","full_name":"Zemlicka, Martin","last_name":"Zemlicka","id":"2DCF8DE6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87"},{"orcid":"0000-0001-8112-028X","id":"4B591CBA-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","first_name":"Johannes M","full_name":"Fink, Johannes M","last_name":"Fink"},{"orcid":"0000-0003-2607-2363","id":"4AD6785A-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","last_name":"Higginbotham","first_name":"Andrew P","full_name":"Higginbotham, Andrew P"}],"day":"01"}]