[{"type":"journal_article","oa_version":"None","month":"07","date_updated":"2025-08-13T10:50:58Z","file":[{"relation":"main_file","content_type":"application/pdf","file_size":931173,"creator":"dernst","success":1,"file_name":"2025_AstronomicalJour_Cheng.pdf","date_created":"2025-07-10T12:14:23Z","access_level":"open_access","date_updated":"2025-07-10T12:14:23Z","file_id":"15288","checksum":"144b0e46aa3dff0cdf8c6ee7d4fe2fe4"}],"day":"08","author":[{"first_name":"Doris","last_name":"Ernst","id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","orcid":"0000-0002-2354-0195","full_name":"Ernst, Doris"}],"date_created":"2025-07-08T07:01:03Z","file_date_updated":"2025-07-10T12:14:23Z","arxiv":1,"title":"awera","department":[{"_id":"E-Lib"}],"year":"2025","user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","PlanS_conform":"1","article_type":"review","ec_funded":1,"article_processing_charge":"No","_id":"15287","publication":"asdfew","has_accepted_license":"1","oa":1,"ddc":["000"],"date_published":"2025-07-08T00:00:00Z","status":"public","external_id":{"arxiv":["1711.01986"],"oaworkID":["W3021112752"]},"oaworkID":1,"project":[{"_id":"6852f906-53e7-11ef-a9e7-e97db7813225","name":"After a long, long time...","grant_number":"987654"},{"_id":"bdaf81a8-d553-11ed-ba76-c95961984540","name":"Action Selection in the Midbrain: Neuromodulation of Visuomotor Senses","grant_number":"101086580"},{"grant_number":"758053","name":"A Fiber Optic Transceiver for Superconducting Qubits","_id":"26336814-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425","call_identifier":"H2020"},{"grant_number":"ESP106-N","name":"A new probe of multipole physics in Prbased compounds","_id":"34b44cb4-11ca-11ed-8bc3-ee02a162ebbd"}],"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"citation":{"chicago":"Ernst, Doris. “Awera.” <i>Asdfew</i>, 2025.","ieee":"D. Ernst, “awera,” <i>asdfew</i>. 2025.","short":"D. Ernst, Asdfew (2025).","ama":"Ernst D. awera. <i>asdfew</i>. 2025.","apa":"Ernst, D. (2025). awera. <i>Asdfew</i>.","mla":"Ernst, Doris. “Awera.” <i>Asdfew</i>, 2025.","ista":"Ernst D. 2025. awera. asdfew."}},{"date_published":"2024-11-18T00:00:00Z","status":"public","project":[{"_id":"42f76822-911d-11ef-982b-ce758d810b28","name":"A Test Grant","grant_number":"AB123"},{"_id":"26336814-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425","call_identifier":"H2020","name":"A Fiber Optic Transceiver for Superconducting Qubits","grant_number":"758053"},{"grant_number":"345","_id":"4b739304-2d65-11ef-919e-fdbedb4a0279","name":"Aagain a test"}],"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"day":"18","date_updated":"2024-11-19T09:19:59Z","oa_version":"None","type":"journal_article","month":"11","author":[{"id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","orcid":"0000-0002-2354-0195","full_name":"Ernst, Doris","last_name":"Ernst","first_name":"Doris"}],"date_created":"2024-11-18T14:11:31Z","title":"Doris Test 18.11.","year":"2024","department":[{"_id":"E-Lib"}],"user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","ec_funded":1,"article_processing_charge":"No","publication":"Today","_id":"15262"},{"_id":"14517","year":"2023","acknowledgement":"This work was supported by the Austrian Science Fund (FWF) through BeyondC (F7105), the European Research Council under Grant Agreement No. 758053 (ERC StG QUNNECT) and a NOMIS foundation research grant. M.Z. was the recipient of a SAIA scholarship, E.R. of\r\na DOC fellowship of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, and M.P. of a Pöttinger scholarship at IST Austria. S.B. acknowledges support from Marie Skłodowska Curie Program No. 707438 (MSC-IF SUPEREOM). J.M.F. acknowledges support from the Horizon Europe Program HORIZON-CL4-2022-QUANTUM-01-SGA via Project No. 101113946 OpenSuperQPlus100 and the ISTA Nanofabrication Facility.","date_created":"2023-11-12T23:00:55Z","volume":20,"oa_version":"Preprint","type":"journal_article","month":"10","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"State-of-the-art transmon qubits rely on large capacitors, which systematically improve their coherence due to reduced surface-loss participation. However, this approach increases both the footprint and the parasitic cross-coupling and is ultimately limited by radiation losses—a potential roadblock for scaling up quantum processors to millions of qubits. In this work we present transmon qubits with sizes as low as 36 × 39 µm2 with  100-nm-wide vacuum-gap capacitors that are micromachined from commercial silicon-on-insulator wafers and shadow evaporated with aluminum. We achieve a vacuum participation ratio up to 99.6% in an in-plane design that is compatible with standard coplanar circuits. Qubit relaxationtime measurements for small gaps with high zero-point electric field variance of up to 22 V/m reveal a double exponential decay indicating comparably strong qubit interaction with long-lived two-level systems. The exceptionally high selectivity of up to 20 dB to the superconductor-vacuum interface allows us to precisely back out the sub-single-photon dielectric loss tangent of aluminum oxide previously exposed to ambient conditions. In terms of future scaling potential, we achieve a ratio of qubit quality factor to a footprint area equal to 20 µm−2, which is comparable with the highest T1 devices relying on larger geometries, a value that could improve substantially for lower surface-loss superconductors. "}],"date_updated":"2024-08-07T07:11:55Z","citation":{"short":"M. Zemlicka, E. Redchenko, M. Peruzzo, F. Hassani, A. Trioni, S. Barzanjeh, J.M. Fink, Physical Review Applied 20 (2023).","chicago":"Zemlicka, Martin, Elena Redchenko, Matilda Peruzzo, Farid Hassani, Andrea Trioni, Shabir Barzanjeh, and Johannes M Fink. “Compact Vacuum-Gap Transmon Qubits: Selective and Sensitive Probes for Superconductor Surface Losses.” <i>Physical Review Applied</i>. American Physical Society, 2023. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevApplied.20.044054\">https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevApplied.20.044054</a>.","ieee":"M. Zemlicka <i>et al.</i>, “Compact vacuum-gap transmon qubits: Selective and sensitive probes for superconductor surface losses,” <i>Physical Review Applied</i>, vol. 20, no. 4. American Physical Society, 2023.","apa":"Zemlicka, M., Redchenko, E., Peruzzo, M., Hassani, F., Trioni, A., Barzanjeh, S., &#38; Fink, J. M. (2023). Compact vacuum-gap transmon qubits: Selective and sensitive probes for superconductor surface losses. <i>Physical Review Applied</i>. American Physical Society. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevApplied.20.044054\">https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevApplied.20.044054</a>","ista":"Zemlicka M, Redchenko E, Peruzzo M, Hassani F, Trioni A, Barzanjeh S, Fink JM. 2023. Compact vacuum-gap transmon qubits: Selective and sensitive probes for superconductor surface losses. Physical Review Applied. 20(4), 044054.","mla":"Zemlicka, Martin, et al. “Compact Vacuum-Gap Transmon Qubits: Selective and Sensitive Probes for Superconductor Surface Losses.” <i>Physical Review Applied</i>, vol. 20, no. 4, 044054, American Physical Society, 2023, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevApplied.20.044054\">10.1103/PhysRevApplied.20.044054</a>.","ama":"Zemlicka M, Redchenko E, Peruzzo M, et al. Compact vacuum-gap transmon qubits: Selective and sensitive probes for superconductor surface losses. <i>Physical Review Applied</i>. 2023;20(4). doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevApplied.20.044054\">10.1103/PhysRevApplied.20.044054</a>"},"intvolume":"        20","related_material":{"record":[{"relation":"research_data","status":"public","id":"14520"}]},"status":"public","external_id":{"arxiv":["2206.14104"]},"acknowledged_ssus":[{"_id":"NanoFab"}],"main_file_link":[{"open_access":"1","url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2206.14104"}],"date_published":"2023-10-20T00:00:00Z","publication_status":"published","oa":1,"article_type":"original","article_processing_charge":"No","scopus_import":"1","ec_funded":1,"publication":"Physical Review Applied","department":[{"_id":"JoFi"}],"user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","publisher":"American Physical Society","article_number":"044054","arxiv":1,"title":"Compact vacuum-gap transmon qubits: Selective and sensitive probes for superconductor surface losses","day":"20","author":[{"id":"2DCF8DE6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","full_name":"Zemlicka, Martin","last_name":"Zemlicka","first_name":"Martin"},{"last_name":"Redchenko","first_name":"Elena","full_name":"Redchenko, Elena","id":"2C21D6E8-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87"},{"last_name":"Peruzzo","first_name":"Matilda","id":"3F920B30-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","orcid":"0000-0002-3415-4628","full_name":"Peruzzo, Matilda"},{"full_name":"Hassani, Farid","orcid":"0000-0001-6937-5773","id":"2AED110C-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","last_name":"Hassani","first_name":"Farid"},{"full_name":"Trioni, Andrea","id":"42F71B44-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","last_name":"Trioni","first_name":"Andrea"},{"id":"2D25E1F6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","orcid":"0000-0003-0415-1423","full_name":"Barzanjeh, Shabir","first_name":"Shabir","last_name":"Barzanjeh"},{"last_name":"Fink","first_name":"Johannes M","orcid":"0000-0001-8112-028X","id":"4B591CBA-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","full_name":"Fink, Johannes M"}],"issue":"4","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"project":[{"grant_number":"F07105","name":"Integrating superconducting quantum circuits","call_identifier":"FWF","_id":"26927A52-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425"},{"grant_number":"758053","name":"A Fiber Optic Transceiver for Superconducting Qubits","call_identifier":"H2020","_id":"26336814-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425"},{"_id":"eb9b30ac-77a9-11ec-83b8-871f581d53d2","name":"Protected states of quantum matter"},{"call_identifier":"H2020","_id":"258047B6-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425","name":"Microwave-to-Optical Quantum Link: Quantum Teleportation and Quantum Illumination with cavity Optomechanics SUPEREOM","grant_number":"707438"},{"name":"Open Superconducting Quantum Computers (OpenSuperQPlus)","_id":"bdb7cfc1-d553-11ed-ba76-d2eaab167738","grant_number":"101080139"}],"quality_controlled":"1","doi":"10.1103/PhysRevApplied.20.044054","publication_identifier":{"eissn":["2331-7019"]}},{"title":"Entangling microwaves with light","arxiv":1,"degree_awarded":"PhD","author":[{"orcid":"0000-0001-6264-2162","id":"47D26E34-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","full_name":"Sahu, Rishabh","first_name":"Rishabh","last_name":"Sahu"},{"first_name":"Liu","last_name":"Qiu","orcid":"0000-0003-4345-4267","id":"45e99c0d-1eb1-11eb-9b96-ed8ab2983cac","full_name":"Qiu, Liu"},{"full_name":"Hease, William J","orcid":"0000-0001-9868-2166","id":"29705398-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","first_name":"William J","last_name":"Hease"},{"first_name":"Georg M","last_name":"Arnold","id":"3770C838-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","orcid":"0000-0003-1397-7876","full_name":"Arnold, Georg M"},{"first_name":"Y.","last_name":"Minoguchi","full_name":"Minoguchi, Y."},{"full_name":"Rabl, P.","first_name":"P.","last_name":"Rabl"},{"last_name":"Fink","first_name":"Johannes M","id":"4B591CBA-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","orcid":"0000-0001-8112-028X","full_name":"Fink, Johannes M"}],"day":"18","ec_funded":1,"article_processing_charge":"No","user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science","department":[{"_id":"JoFi"}],"doi":"10.1126/science.adg3812","publication_identifier":{"eissn":["1095-9203"],"issn":["0036-8075"]},"keyword":["Multidisciplinary"],"isi":1,"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"project":[{"grant_number":"758053","call_identifier":"H2020","_id":"26336814-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425","name":"A Fiber Optic Transceiver for Superconducting Qubits"},{"grant_number":"899354","name":"Quantum Local Area Networks with Superconducting Qubits","_id":"9B868D20-BA93-11EA-9121-9846C619BF3A","call_identifier":"H2020"},{"grant_number":"754411","name":"ISTplus - Postdoctoral Fellowships","call_identifier":"H2020","_id":"260C2330-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425"},{"name":"Integrating superconducting quantum circuits","call_identifier":"FWF","_id":"26927A52-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425","grant_number":"F07105"},{"name":"Quantum readout techniques and technologies","call_identifier":"H2020","_id":"237CBA6C-32DE-11EA-91FC-C7463DDC885E","grant_number":"862644"},{"_id":"2671EB66-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425","name":"Coherent on-chip conversion of superconducting qubit signals from microwaves to optical frequencies"}],"volume":380,"date_created":"2023-05-31T11:39:24Z","page":"718-721","type":"dissertation","oa_version":"Preprint","month":"05","date_updated":"2025-07-15T09:17:40Z","abstract":[{"text":"Quantum entanglement is a key resource in currently developed quantum technologies. Sharing this fragile property between superconducting microwave circuits and optical or atomic systems would enable new functionalities, but this has been hindered by an energy scale mismatch of >104 and the resulting mutually imposed loss and noise. In this work, we created and verified entanglement between microwave and optical fields in a millikelvin environment. Using an optically pulsed superconducting electro-optical device, we show entanglement between propagating microwave and optical fields in the continuous variable domain. This achievement not only paves the way for entanglement between superconducting circuits and telecom wavelength light, but also has wide-ranging implications for hybrid quantum networks in the context of modularization, scaling, sensing, and cross-platform verification.","lang":"eng"}],"_id":"13106","acknowledgement":"This work was supported by the European Research Council (grant no. 758053, ERC StG QUNNECT) and the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Program (grant no. 899354, FETopen SuperQuLAN). L.Q. acknowledges generous support from the ISTFELLOW program. W.H. is the recipient of an ISTplus postdoctoral fellowship with funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Program (Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant no. 754411). G.A. is the recipient of a DOC fellowship of the Austrian Academy of Sciences at IST Austria. J.M.F. acknowledges support from the Austrian Science Fund (FWF) through BeyondC (grant no. F7105) and the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Program (grant no. 862644, FETopen QUARTET).","year":"2023","date_published":"2023-05-18T00:00:00Z","main_file_link":[{"url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2301.03315","open_access":"1"}],"publication_status":"published","oa":1,"related_material":{"record":[{"status":"public","id":"13122","relation":"research_data"}],"link":[{"description":"News on ISTA Website","url":"https://ista.ac.at/en/news/wiring-up-quantum-circuits-with-light/","relation":"press_release"}]},"intvolume":"       380","citation":{"apa":"Sahu, R., Qiu, L., Hease, W. J., Arnold, G. M., Minoguchi, Y., Rabl, P., &#38; Fink, J. M. (2023). <i>Entangling microwaves with light</i>. American Association for the Advancement of Science. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1126/science.adg3812\">https://doi.org/10.1126/science.adg3812</a>","mla":"Sahu, Rishabh, et al. <i>Entangling Microwaves with Light</i>. Vol. 380, American Association for the Advancement of Science, 2023, pp. 718–21, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1126/science.adg3812\">10.1126/science.adg3812</a>.","ista":"Sahu R, Qiu L, Hease WJ, Arnold GM, Minoguchi Y, Rabl P, Fink JM. 2023. Entangling microwaves with light. American Association for the Advancement of Science.","ama":"Sahu R, Qiu L, Hease WJ, et al. Entangling microwaves with light. 2023;380:718-721. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1126/science.adg3812\">10.1126/science.adg3812</a>","short":"R. Sahu, L. Qiu, W.J. Hease, G.M. Arnold, Y. Minoguchi, P. Rabl, J.M. Fink, Entangling Microwaves with Light, American Association for the Advancement of Science, 2023.","chicago":"Sahu, Rishabh, Liu Qiu, William J Hease, Georg M Arnold, Y. Minoguchi, P. Rabl, and Johannes M Fink. “Entangling Microwaves with Light.” American Association for the Advancement of Science, 2023. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1126/science.adg3812\">https://doi.org/10.1126/science.adg3812</a>.","ieee":"R. Sahu <i>et al.</i>, “Entangling microwaves with light,” American Association for the Advancement of Science, 2023."},"status":"public","external_id":{"isi":["000996515200004"],"arxiv":["2301.03315"]}},{"article_number":"2998","arxiv":1,"title":"Tunable directional photon scattering from a pair of superconducting qubits","author":[{"id":"2C21D6E8-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","full_name":"Redchenko, Elena","last_name":"Redchenko","first_name":"Elena"},{"full_name":"Poshakinskiy, Alexander V.","first_name":"Alexander V.","last_name":"Poshakinskiy"},{"id":"2E6D040E-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","full_name":"Sett, Riya","first_name":"Riya","last_name":"Sett"},{"last_name":"Zemlicka","first_name":"Martin","id":"2DCF8DE6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","full_name":"Zemlicka, Martin"},{"full_name":"Poddubny, Alexander N.","first_name":"Alexander N.","last_name":"Poddubny"},{"first_name":"Johannes M","last_name":"Fink","full_name":"Fink, Johannes M","orcid":"0000-0001-8112-028X","id":"4B591CBA-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87"}],"day":"24","file":[{"relation":"main_file","content_type":"application/pdf","file_size":1654389,"creator":"dernst","success":1,"file_name":"2023_NaturePhysics_Redchenko.pdf","date_created":"2023-06-06T07:31:20Z","access_level":"open_access","date_updated":"2023-06-06T07:31:20Z","file_id":"13123","checksum":"a857df40f0882859c48a1ff1e2001ec2"}],"publication":"Nature Communications","tmp":{"legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","image":"/images/cc_by.png","name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)","short":"CC BY (4.0)"},"article_type":"original","article_processing_charge":"No","ec_funded":1,"scopus_import":"1","user_id":"4359f0d1-fa6c-11eb-b949-802e58b17ae8","publisher":"Springer Nature","department":[{"_id":"JoFi"}],"doi":"10.1038/s41467-023-38761-6","quality_controlled":"1","publication_identifier":{"eissn":["2041-1723"]},"isi":1,"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"project":[{"grant_number":"F07105","name":"Integrating superconducting quantum circuits","call_identifier":"FWF","_id":"26927A52-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425"},{"grant_number":"758053","name":"A Fiber Optic Transceiver for Superconducting Qubits","_id":"26336814-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425","call_identifier":"H2020"},{"name":"Controllable Collective States of Superconducting Qubit Ensembles","_id":"26B354CA-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425"},{"_id":"eb9b30ac-77a9-11ec-83b8-871f581d53d2","name":"Protected states of quantum matter"}],"volume":14,"file_date_updated":"2023-06-06T07:31:20Z","date_created":"2023-06-04T22:01:02Z","month":"05","type":"journal_article","oa_version":"Published Version","date_updated":"2024-08-07T07:11:50Z","abstract":[{"text":"The ability to control the direction of scattered light is crucial to provide flexibility and scalability for a wide range of on-chip applications, such as integrated photonics, quantum information processing, and nonlinear optics. Tunable directionality can be achieved by applying external magnetic fields that modify optical selection rules, by using nonlinear effects, or interactions with vibrations. However, these approaches are less suitable to control microwave photon propagation inside integrated superconducting quantum devices. Here, we demonstrate on-demand tunable directional scattering based on two periodically modulated transmon qubits coupled to a transmission line at a fixed distance. By changing the relative phase between the modulation tones, we realize unidirectional forward or backward photon scattering. Such an in-situ switchable mirror represents a versatile tool for intra- and inter-chip microwave photonic processors. In the future, a lattice of qubits can be used to realize topological circuits that exhibit strong nonreciprocity or chirality.","lang":"eng"}],"_id":"13117","acknowledgement":"The authors thank W.D. Oliver for discussions, L. Drmic and P. Zielinski for software development, and the MIBA workshop and the IST nanofabrication facility for technical support. This work was supported by the Austrian Science Fund (FWF) through BeyondC (F7105) and IST Austria. E.R. is the recipient of a DOC fellowship of the Austrian Academy of Sciences at IST Austria. J.M.F. and M.Z. acknowledge support from the European Research Council under grant agreement No 758053 (ERC StG QUNNECT) and a NOMIS foundation research grant. The work of A.N.P. and A.V.P. has been supported by the Russian Science Foundation under the grant No 20-12-00194.","year":"2023","ddc":["530"],"date_published":"2023-05-24T00:00:00Z","acknowledged_ssus":[{"_id":"M-Shop"},{"_id":"NanoFab"}],"oa":1,"publication_status":"published","has_accepted_license":"1","intvolume":"        14","related_material":{"record":[{"relation":"research_data","status":"public","id":"13124"}]},"citation":{"mla":"Redchenko, Elena, et al. “Tunable Directional Photon Scattering from a Pair of Superconducting Qubits.” <i>Nature Communications</i>, vol. 14, 2998, Springer Nature, 2023, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-38761-6\">10.1038/s41467-023-38761-6</a>.","ista":"Redchenko E, Poshakinskiy AV, Sett R, Zemlicka M, Poddubny AN, Fink JM. 2023. Tunable directional photon scattering from a pair of superconducting qubits. Nature Communications. 14, 2998.","apa":"Redchenko, E., Poshakinskiy, A. V., Sett, R., Zemlicka, M., Poddubny, A. N., &#38; Fink, J. M. (2023). Tunable directional photon scattering from a pair of superconducting qubits. <i>Nature Communications</i>. Springer Nature. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-38761-6\">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-38761-6</a>","ama":"Redchenko E, Poshakinskiy AV, Sett R, Zemlicka M, Poddubny AN, Fink JM. Tunable directional photon scattering from a pair of superconducting qubits. <i>Nature Communications</i>. 2023;14. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-38761-6\">10.1038/s41467-023-38761-6</a>","short":"E. Redchenko, A.V. Poshakinskiy, R. Sett, M. Zemlicka, A.N. Poddubny, J.M. Fink, Nature Communications 14 (2023).","ieee":"E. Redchenko, A. V. Poshakinskiy, R. Sett, M. Zemlicka, A. N. Poddubny, and J. M. Fink, “Tunable directional photon scattering from a pair of superconducting qubits,” <i>Nature Communications</i>, vol. 14. Springer Nature, 2023.","chicago":"Redchenko, Elena, Alexander V. Poshakinskiy, Riya Sett, Martin Zemlicka, Alexander N. Poddubny, and Johannes M Fink. “Tunable Directional Photon Scattering from a Pair of Superconducting Qubits.” <i>Nature Communications</i>. Springer Nature, 2023. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-38761-6\">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-38761-6</a>."},"status":"public","external_id":{"isi":["001001099700002"],"arxiv":["2205.03293"]}},{"department":[{"_id":"GradSch"},{"_id":"JoFi"}],"user_id":"8b945eb4-e2f2-11eb-945a-df72226e66a9","publisher":"Institute of Science and Technology Austria","tmp":{"legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/legalcode","image":"/images/cc_by_nc_sa.png","name":"Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0)","short":"CC BY-NC-SA (4.0)"},"ec_funded":1,"article_processing_charge":"No","day":"05","file":[{"file_size":18688376,"relation":"main_file","content_type":"application/pdf","creator":"cchlebak","file_name":"thesis_pdfa.pdf","success":1,"date_created":"2023-06-30T08:17:25Z","access_level":"open_access","file_id":"13176","date_updated":"2023-06-30T08:17:25Z","checksum":"7d03f1a5a5258ee43dfc3323dea4e08f"},{"file_size":37847025,"relation":"source_file","content_type":"application/x-zip-compressed","creator":"cchlebak","file_name":"thesis.zip","date_created":"2023-07-06T11:35:15Z","access_level":"closed","file_id":"13196","date_updated":"2023-07-06T11:35:15Z","checksum":"c3b45317ae58e0527533f98c202d81b7"}],"author":[{"orcid":"0000-0001-6264-2162","id":"47D26E34-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","full_name":"Sahu, Rishabh","last_name":"Sahu","first_name":"Rishabh"}],"degree_awarded":"PhD","title":"Cavity quantum electrooptics","project":[{"name":"A Fiber Optic Transceiver for Superconducting Qubits","call_identifier":"H2020","_id":"26336814-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425","grant_number":"758053"},{"grant_number":"899354","name":"Quantum Local Area Networks with Superconducting Qubits","call_identifier":"H2020","_id":"9B868D20-BA93-11EA-9121-9846C619BF3A"},{"_id":"bdb108fd-d553-11ed-ba76-83dc74a9864f","name":"QUANTUM INFORMATION SYSTEMS BEYOND CLASSICAL CAPABILITIES / P5- Integration of Superconducting Quantum Circuits"}],"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"keyword":["quantum optics","electrooptics","quantum networks","quantum communication","transduction"],"publication_identifier":{"isbn":["978-3-99078-030-5"],"issn":["2663 - 337X"]},"doi":"10.15479/at:ista:13175","year":"2023","_id":"13175","type":"dissertation","month":"05","oa_version":"Published Version","abstract":[{"text":"About a 100 years ago, we discovered that our universe is inherently noisy, that is, measuring any physical quantity with a precision beyond a certain point is not possible because of an omnipresent inherent noise. We call this - the quantum noise. Certain physical processes allow this quantum noise to get correlated in conjugate physical variables. These quantum correlations can be used to go beyond the potential of our inherently noisy universe and obtain a quantum advantage over the classical applications. \r\n\r\nQuantum noise being inherent also means that, at the fundamental level, the physical quantities are not well defined and therefore, objects can stay in multiple states at the same time. For example, the position of a particle not being well defined means that the particle is in multiple positions at the same time. About 4 decades ago, we started exploring the possibility of using objects which can be in multiple states at the same time to increase the dimensionality in computation. Thus, the field of quantum computing was born. We discovered that using quantum entanglement, a property closely related to quantum correlations, can be used to speed up computation of certain problems, such as factorisation of large numbers, faster than any known classical algorithm. Thus began the pursuit to make quantum computers a reality. \r\n\r\nTill date, we have explored quantum control over many physical systems including photons, spins, atoms, ions and even simple circuits made up of superconducting material. However, there persists one ubiquitous theme. The more readily a system interacts with an external field or matter, the more easily we can control it. But this also means that such a system can easily interact with a noisy environment and quickly lose its coherence. Consequently, such systems like electron spins need to be protected from the environment to ensure the longevity of their coherence. Other systems like nuclear spins are naturally protected as they do not interact easily with the environment. But, due to the same reason, it is harder to interact with such systems. \r\n\r\nAfter decades of experimentation with various systems, we are convinced that no one type of quantum system would be the best for all the quantum applications. We would need hybrid systems which are all interconnected - much like the current internet where all sorts of devices can all talk to each other - but now for quantum devices. A quantum internet. \r\n\r\nOptical photons are the best contenders to carry information for the quantum internet. They can carry quantum information cheaply and without much loss - the same reasons which has made them the backbone of our current internet. Following this direction, many systems, like trapped ions, have already demonstrated successful quantum links over a large distances using optical photons. However, some of the most promising contenders for quantum computing which are based on microwave frequencies have been left behind. This is because high energy optical photons can adversely affect fragile low-energy microwave systems. \r\n\r\nIn this thesis, we present substantial progress on this missing quantum link between microwave and optics using electrooptical nonlinearities in lithium niobate. The nonlinearities are enhanced by using resonant cavities for all the involved modes leading to observation of strong direct coupling between optical and microwave frequencies. With this strong coupling we are not only able to achieve almost 100\\% internal conversion efficiency with low added noise, thus presenting a quantum-enabled transducer, but also we are able to observe novel effects such as cooling of a microwave mode using optics. The strong coupling regime also leads to direct observation of dynamical backaction effect between microwave and optical frequencies which are studied in detail here. Finally, we also report first observation of microwave-optics entanglement in form of two-mode squeezed vacuum squeezed 0.7dB below vacuum level. \r\nWith this new bridge between microwave and optics, the microwave-based quantum technologies can finally be a part of a quantum network which is based on optical photons - putting us one step closer to a future with quantum internet. ","lang":"eng"}],"date_updated":"2024-10-29T09:11:06Z","page":"202","date_created":"2023-06-30T08:07:43Z","file_date_updated":"2023-07-06T11:35:15Z","status":"public","alternative_title":["ISTA Thesis"],"citation":{"ama":"Sahu R. Cavity quantum electrooptics. 2023. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.15479/at:ista:13175\">10.15479/at:ista:13175</a>","apa":"Sahu, R. (2023). <i>Cavity quantum electrooptics</i>. Institute of Science and Technology Austria. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.15479/at:ista:13175\">https://doi.org/10.15479/at:ista:13175</a>","mla":"Sahu, Rishabh. <i>Cavity Quantum Electrooptics</i>. Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2023, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.15479/at:ista:13175\">10.15479/at:ista:13175</a>.","ista":"Sahu R. 2023. Cavity quantum electrooptics. Institute of Science and Technology Austria.","chicago":"Sahu, Rishabh. “Cavity Quantum Electrooptics.” Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2023. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.15479/at:ista:13175\">https://doi.org/10.15479/at:ista:13175</a>.","ieee":"R. Sahu, “Cavity quantum electrooptics,” Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2023.","short":"R. Sahu, Cavity Quantum Electrooptics, Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2023."},"related_material":{"record":[{"relation":"old_edition","id":"12900","status":"public"},{"id":"9114","status":"public","relation":"part_of_dissertation"},{"relation":"part_of_dissertation","status":"public","id":"10924"}]},"has_accepted_license":"1","oa":1,"publication_status":"published","acknowledged_ssus":[{"_id":"M-Shop"},{"_id":"SSU"},{"_id":"NanoFab"}],"ddc":["537","535","539"],"date_published":"2023-05-05T00:00:00Z","supervisor":[{"first_name":"Johannes M","last_name":"Fink","orcid":"0000-0001-8112-028X","id":"4B591CBA-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","full_name":"Fink, Johannes M"}]},{"_id":"13200","year":"2023","acknowledgement":"This work was supported by the European Research Council under grant agreement no. 758053 (ERC StG QUNNECT), the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under grant agreement no. 899354 (FETopen SuperQuLAN), and the Austrian Science Fund (FWF) through BeyondC (F7105). L.Q. acknowledges generous support from the ISTFELLOW programme. W.H. is the recipient of an ISTplus postdoctoral fellowship with funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant agreement no. 754411. G.A. is the recipient of a DOC fellowship of the Austrian Academy of Sciences at IST Austria.","date_created":"2023-07-09T22:01:11Z","file_date_updated":"2023-07-10T10:10:54Z","volume":14,"date_updated":"2024-08-07T07:11:55Z","abstract":[{"text":"Recent quantum technologies have established precise quantum control of various microscopic systems using electromagnetic waves. Interfaces based on cryogenic cavity electro-optic systems are particularly promising, due to the direct interaction between microwave and optical fields in the quantum regime. Quantum optical control of superconducting microwave circuits has been precluded so far due to the weak electro-optical coupling as well as quasi-particles induced by the pump laser. Here we report the coherent control of a superconducting microwave cavity using laser pulses in a multimode electro-optical device at millikelvin temperature with near-unity cooperativity. Both the stationary and instantaneous responses of the microwave and optical modes comply with the coherent electro-optical interaction, and reveal only minuscule amount of excess back-action with an unanticipated time delay. Our demonstration enables wide ranges of applications beyond quantum transductions, from squeezing and quantum non-demolition measurements of microwave fields, to entanglement generation and hybrid quantum networks.","lang":"eng"}],"oa_version":"Published Version","type":"journal_article","month":"06","citation":{"short":"L. Qiu, R. Sahu, W.J. Hease, G.M. Arnold, J.M. Fink, Nature Communications 14 (2023).","ieee":"L. Qiu, R. Sahu, W. J. Hease, G. M. Arnold, and J. M. Fink, “Coherent optical control of a superconducting microwave cavity via electro-optical dynamical back-action,” <i>Nature Communications</i>, vol. 14. Nature Research, 2023.","chicago":"Qiu, Liu, Rishabh Sahu, William J Hease, Georg M Arnold, and Johannes M Fink. “Coherent Optical Control of a Superconducting Microwave Cavity via Electro-Optical Dynamical Back-Action.” <i>Nature Communications</i>. Nature Research, 2023. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-39493-3\">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-39493-3</a>.","ista":"Qiu L, Sahu R, Hease WJ, Arnold GM, Fink JM. 2023. Coherent optical control of a superconducting microwave cavity via electro-optical dynamical back-action. Nature Communications. 14, 3784.","mla":"Qiu, Liu, et al. “Coherent Optical Control of a Superconducting Microwave Cavity via Electro-Optical Dynamical Back-Action.” <i>Nature Communications</i>, vol. 14, 3784, Nature Research, 2023, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-39493-3\">10.1038/s41467-023-39493-3</a>.","apa":"Qiu, L., Sahu, R., Hease, W. J., Arnold, G. M., &#38; Fink, J. M. (2023). Coherent optical control of a superconducting microwave cavity via electro-optical dynamical back-action. <i>Nature Communications</i>. Nature Research. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-39493-3\">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-39493-3</a>","ama":"Qiu L, Sahu R, Hease WJ, Arnold GM, Fink JM. Coherent optical control of a superconducting microwave cavity via electro-optical dynamical back-action. <i>Nature Communications</i>. 2023;14. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-39493-3\">10.1038/s41467-023-39493-3</a>"},"intvolume":"        14","external_id":{"pmid":["37355691"],"isi":["001018100800002"],"arxiv":["2210.12443"]},"status":"public","ddc":["000"],"date_published":"2023-06-24T00:00:00Z","has_accepted_license":"1","publication_status":"published","oa":1,"ec_funded":1,"article_processing_charge":"No","scopus_import":"1","article_type":"original","tmp":{"legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","image":"/images/cc_by.png","name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)","short":"CC BY (4.0)"},"publication":"Nature Communications","pmid":1,"department":[{"_id":"JoFi"}],"publisher":"Nature Research","user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","arxiv":1,"title":"Coherent optical control of a superconducting microwave cavity via electro-optical dynamical back-action","article_number":"3784","day":"24","file":[{"date_created":"2023-07-10T10:10:54Z","access_level":"open_access","file_id":"13206","date_updated":"2023-07-10T10:10:54Z","checksum":"ec7ccd2c08f90d59cab302fd0d7776a4","file_size":1349134,"relation":"main_file","content_type":"application/pdf","creator":"alisjak","file_name":"2023_NatureComms_Qiu.pdf","success":1}],"author":[{"orcid":"0000-0003-4345-4267","id":"45e99c0d-1eb1-11eb-9b96-ed8ab2983cac","full_name":"Qiu, Liu","last_name":"Qiu","first_name":"Liu"},{"last_name":"Sahu","first_name":"Rishabh","full_name":"Sahu, Rishabh","id":"47D26E34-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","orcid":"0000-0001-6264-2162"},{"id":"29705398-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","orcid":"0000-0001-9868-2166","full_name":"Hease, William J","first_name":"William J","last_name":"Hease"},{"first_name":"Georg M","last_name":"Arnold","id":"3770C838-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","orcid":"0000-0003-1397-7876","full_name":"Arnold, Georg M"},{"id":"4B591CBA-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","orcid":"0000-0001-8112-028X","full_name":"Fink, Johannes M","first_name":"Johannes M","last_name":"Fink"}],"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"isi":1,"project":[{"name":"A Fiber Optic Transceiver for Superconducting Qubits","call_identifier":"H2020","_id":"26336814-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425","grant_number":"758053"},{"_id":"9B868D20-BA93-11EA-9121-9846C619BF3A","call_identifier":"H2020","name":"Quantum Local Area Networks with Superconducting Qubits","grant_number":"899354"},{"name":"QUANTUM INFORMATION SYSTEMS BEYOND CLASSICAL CAPABILITIES / P5- Integration of Superconducting Quantum Circuits","_id":"bdb108fd-d553-11ed-ba76-83dc74a9864f"},{"_id":"260C2330-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425","call_identifier":"H2020","name":"ISTplus - Postdoctoral Fellowships","grant_number":"754411"},{"name":"International IST Postdoc Fellowship Programme","call_identifier":"FP7","_id":"25681D80-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425","grant_number":"291734"},{"name":"Coherent on-chip conversion of superconducting qubit signals from microwaves to optical frequencies","_id":"2671EB66-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425"}],"quality_controlled":"1","doi":"10.1038/s41467-023-39493-3","publication_identifier":{"eissn":["2041-1723"]}},{"_id":"12900","year":"2023","date_created":"2023-05-05T11:08:50Z","file_date_updated":"2023-07-06T11:37:40Z","page":"190","oa_version":"Published Version","month":"05","type":"dissertation","abstract":[{"text":"About a 100 years ago, we discovered that our universe is inherently noisy, that is, measuring any physical quantity with a precision beyond a certain point is not possible because of an omnipresent inherent noise. We call this - the quantum noise. Certain physical processes allow this quantum noise to get correlated in conjugate physical variables. These quantum correlations can be used to go beyond the potential of our inherently noisy universe and obtain a quantum advantage over the classical applications. \r\n\r\nQuantum noise being inherent also means that, at the fundamental level, the physical quantities are not well defined and therefore, objects can stay in multiple states at the same time. For example, the position of a particle not being well defined means that the particle is in multiple positions at the same time. About 4 decades ago, we started exploring the possibility of using objects which can be in multiple states at the same time to increase the dimensionality in computation. Thus, the field of quantum computing was born. We discovered that using quantum entanglement, a property closely related to quantum correlations, can be used to speed up computation of certain problems, such as factorisation of large numbers, faster than any known classical algorithm. Thus began the pursuit to make quantum computers a reality. \r\n\r\nTill date, we have explored quantum control over many physical systems including photons, spins, atoms, ions and even simple circuits made up of superconducting material. However, there persists one ubiquitous theme. The more readily a system interacts with an external field or matter, the more easily we can control it. But this also means that such a system can easily interact with a noisy environment and quickly lose its coherence. Consequently, such systems like electron spins need to be protected from the environment to ensure the longevity of their coherence. Other systems like nuclear spins are naturally protected as they do not interact easily with the environment. But, due to the same reason, it is harder to interact with such systems. \r\n\r\nAfter decades of experimentation with various systems, we are convinced that no one type of quantum system would be the best for all the quantum applications. We would need hybrid systems which are all interconnected - much like the current internet where all sorts of devices can all talk to each other - but now for quantum devices. A quantum internet. \r\n\r\nOptical photons are the best contenders to carry information for the quantum internet. They can carry quantum information cheaply and without much loss - the same reasons which has made them the backbone of our current internet. Following this direction, many systems, like trapped ions, have already demonstrated successful quantum links over a large distances using optical photons. However, some of the most promising contenders for quantum computing which are based on microwave frequencies have been left behind. This is because high energy optical photons can adversely affect fragile low-energy microwave systems. \r\n\r\nIn this thesis, we present substantial progress on this missing quantum link between microwave and optics using electrooptical nonlinearities in lithium niobate. The nonlinearities are enhanced by using resonant cavities for all the involved modes leading to observation of strong direct coupling between optical and microwave frequencies. With this strong coupling we are not only able to achieve almost 100\\% internal conversion efficiency with low added noise, thus presenting a quantum-enabled transducer, but also we are able to observe novel effects such as cooling of a microwave mode using optics. The strong coupling regime also leads to direct observation of dynamical backaction effect between microwave and optical frequencies which are studied in detail here. Finally, we also report first observation of microwave-optics entanglement in form of two-mode squeezed vacuum squeezed 0.7dB below vacuum level. \r\nWith this new bridge between microwave and optics, the microwave-based quantum technologies can finally be a part of a quantum network which is based on optical photons - putting us one step closer to a future with quantum internet. ","lang":"eng"}],"date_updated":"2024-10-29T09:11:05Z","related_material":{"record":[{"relation":"part_of_dissertation","id":"9114","status":"public"},{"status":"public","id":"10924","relation":"part_of_dissertation"},{"id":"13175","status":"public","relation":"new_edition"}]},"citation":{"ama":"Sahu R. Cavity quantum electrooptics. 2023. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.15479/at:ista:12900\">10.15479/at:ista:12900</a>","mla":"Sahu, Rishabh. <i>Cavity Quantum Electrooptics</i>. Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2023, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.15479/at:ista:12900\">10.15479/at:ista:12900</a>.","ista":"Sahu R. 2023. Cavity quantum electrooptics. Institute of Science and Technology Austria.","apa":"Sahu, R. (2023). <i>Cavity quantum electrooptics</i>. Institute of Science and Technology Austria. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.15479/at:ista:12900\">https://doi.org/10.15479/at:ista:12900</a>","ieee":"R. Sahu, “Cavity quantum electrooptics,” Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2023.","chicago":"Sahu, Rishabh. “Cavity Quantum Electrooptics.” Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2023. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.15479/at:ista:12900\">https://doi.org/10.15479/at:ista:12900</a>.","short":"R. Sahu, Cavity Quantum Electrooptics, Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2023."},"alternative_title":["ISTA Thesis"],"status":"public","ddc":["537","535","539"],"date_published":"2023-05-05T00:00:00Z","supervisor":[{"full_name":"Fink, Johannes M","id":"4B591CBA-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","orcid":"0000-0001-8112-028X","first_name":"Johannes M","last_name":"Fink"}],"acknowledged_ssus":[{"_id":"M-Shop"},{"_id":"SSU"},{"_id":"NanoFab"}],"publication_status":"published","has_accepted_license":"1","tmp":{"legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/legalcode","image":"/images/cc_by_nc_sa.png","name":"Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0)","short":"CC BY-NC-SA (4.0)"},"ec_funded":1,"article_processing_charge":"No","user_id":"8b945eb4-e2f2-11eb-945a-df72226e66a9","publisher":"Institute of Science and Technology Austria","department":[{"_id":"GradSch"},{"_id":"JoFi"}],"title":"Cavity quantum electrooptics","degree_awarded":"PhD","author":[{"first_name":"Rishabh","last_name":"Sahu","id":"47D26E34-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","orcid":"0000-0001-6264-2162","full_name":"Sahu, Rishabh"}],"file":[{"access_level":"closed","date_created":"2023-05-09T08:45:14Z","checksum":"8cbdab9c37ee55e591092a6f66b272c4","file_id":"12928","date_updated":"2023-06-06T22:30:03Z","creator":"rsahu","embargo_to":"open_access","file_size":36767177,"content_type":"application/x-zip-compressed","relation":"source_file","file_name":"thesis.zip"},{"creator":"rsahu","file_size":17501990,"relation":"main_file","content_type":"application/pdf","file_name":"thesis_pdfa_final.pdf","access_level":"closed","date_created":"2023-05-09T08:51:17Z","checksum":"439659ead46618147309be39d9dd5a8c","file_id":"12929","date_updated":"2023-07-06T11:37:40Z"}],"day":"05","keyword":["quantum optics","electrooptics","quantum networks","quantum communication","transduction"],"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"project":[{"grant_number":"758053","call_identifier":"H2020","_id":"26336814-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425","name":"A Fiber Optic Transceiver for Superconducting Qubits"},{"name":"Quantum Local Area Networks with Superconducting Qubits","call_identifier":"H2020","_id":"9B868D20-BA93-11EA-9121-9846C619BF3A","grant_number":"899354"},{"name":"QUANTUM INFORMATION SYSTEMS BEYOND CLASSICAL CAPABILITIES / P5- Integration of Superconducting Quantum Circuits","_id":"bdb108fd-d553-11ed-ba76-83dc74a9864f"}],"doi":"10.15479/at:ista:12900","publication_identifier":{"issn":["2663 - 337X"],"isbn":["978-3-99078-030-5"]}},{"external_id":{"isi":["000767892300013"],"arxiv":["2107.08303"]},"status":"public","citation":{"short":"R. Sahu, W.J. Hease, A.R. Rueda Sanchez, G.M. Arnold, L. Qiu, J.M. Fink, Nature Communications 13 (2022).","ieee":"R. Sahu, W. J. Hease, A. R. Rueda Sanchez, G. M. Arnold, L. Qiu, and J. M. Fink, “Quantum-enabled operation of a microwave-optical interface,” <i>Nature Communications</i>, vol. 13. Springer Nature, 2022.","chicago":"Sahu, Rishabh, William J Hease, Alfredo R Rueda Sanchez, Georg M Arnold, Liu Qiu, and Johannes M Fink. “Quantum-Enabled Operation of a Microwave-Optical Interface.” <i>Nature Communications</i>. Springer Nature, 2022. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-022-28924-2\">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-022-28924-2</a>.","mla":"Sahu, Rishabh, et al. “Quantum-Enabled Operation of a Microwave-Optical Interface.” <i>Nature Communications</i>, vol. 13, 1276, Springer Nature, 2022, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-022-28924-2\">10.1038/s41467-022-28924-2</a>.","ista":"Sahu R, Hease WJ, Rueda Sanchez AR, Arnold GM, Qiu L, Fink JM. 2022. Quantum-enabled operation of a microwave-optical interface. Nature Communications. 13, 1276.","apa":"Sahu, R., Hease, W. J., Rueda Sanchez, A. R., Arnold, G. M., Qiu, L., &#38; Fink, J. M. (2022). Quantum-enabled operation of a microwave-optical interface. <i>Nature Communications</i>. Springer Nature. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-022-28924-2\">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-022-28924-2</a>","ama":"Sahu R, Hease WJ, Rueda Sanchez AR, Arnold GM, Qiu L, Fink JM. Quantum-enabled operation of a microwave-optical interface. <i>Nature Communications</i>. 2022;13. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-022-28924-2\">10.1038/s41467-022-28924-2</a>"},"related_material":{"record":[{"relation":"dissertation_contains","id":"12900","status":"public"},{"id":"13175","status":"public","relation":"dissertation_contains"}]},"intvolume":"        13","has_accepted_license":"1","oa":1,"publication_status":"published","acknowledged_ssus":[{"_id":"M-Shop"}],"ddc":["530"],"date_published":"2022-03-11T00:00:00Z","year":"2022","acknowledgement":"The authors thank S. Wald and F. Diorico for their help with optical filtering, O. Hosten\r\nand M. Aspelmeyer for equipment, H.G.L. Schwefel for materials and discussions, L.\r\nDrmic and P. Zielinski for software support, and the MIBA workshop at IST Austria for\r\nmachining the microwave cavity. This work was supported by the European Research\r\nCouncil under grant agreement no. 758053 (ERC StG QUNNECT) and the European\r\nUnion’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under grant agreement no.\r\n899354 (FETopen SuperQuLAN). W.H. is the recipient of an ISTplus postdoctoral fellowship\r\nwith funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation\r\nprogram under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant agreement no. 754411. G.A. is the\r\nrecipient of a DOC fellowship of the Austrian Academy of Sciences at IST Austria. J.M.F.\r\nacknowledges support from the Austrian Science Fund (FWF) through BeyondC (F7105)\r\nand the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programs under grant\r\nagreement no. 862644 (FETopen QUARTET).","_id":"10924","type":"journal_article","oa_version":"Published Version","month":"03","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"Solid-state microwave systems offer strong interactions for fast quantum logic and sensing but photons at telecom wavelength are the ideal choice for high-density low-loss quantum interconnects. A general-purpose interface that can make use of single photon effects requires < 1 input noise quanta, which has remained elusive due to either low efficiency or pump induced heating. Here we demonstrate coherent electro-optic modulation on nanosecond-timescales with only 0.16+0.02−0.01 microwave input noise photons with a total bidirectional transduction efficiency of 8.7% (or up to 15% with 0.41+0.02−0.02), as required for near-term heralded quantum network protocols. The use of short and high-power optical pump pulses also enables near-unity cooperativity of the electro-optic interaction leading to an internal pure conversion efficiency of up to 99.5%. Together with the low mode occupancy this provides evidence for electro-optic laser cooling and vacuum amplification as predicted a decade ago."}],"date_updated":"2024-10-29T09:11:06Z","date_created":"2022-03-27T22:01:45Z","file_date_updated":"2022-03-28T08:02:12Z","volume":13,"project":[{"call_identifier":"H2020","_id":"26336814-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425","name":"A Fiber Optic Transceiver for Superconducting Qubits","grant_number":"758053"},{"grant_number":"899354","name":"Quantum Local Area Networks with Superconducting Qubits","call_identifier":"H2020","_id":"9B868D20-BA93-11EA-9121-9846C619BF3A"},{"name":"ISTplus - Postdoctoral Fellowships","_id":"260C2330-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425","call_identifier":"H2020","grant_number":"754411"},{"grant_number":"F07105","name":"Integrating superconducting quantum circuits","call_identifier":"FWF","_id":"26927A52-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425"},{"grant_number":"862644","name":"Quantum readout techniques and technologies","call_identifier":"H2020","_id":"237CBA6C-32DE-11EA-91FC-C7463DDC885E"}],"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"isi":1,"publication_identifier":{"eissn":["20411723"]},"quality_controlled":"1","doi":"10.1038/s41467-022-28924-2","department":[{"_id":"JoFi"}],"publisher":"Springer Nature","user_id":"4359f0d1-fa6c-11eb-b949-802e58b17ae8","tmp":{"legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","image":"/images/cc_by.png","name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)","short":"CC BY (4.0)"},"article_type":"original","ec_funded":1,"scopus_import":"1","article_processing_charge":"No","publication":"Nature Communications","day":"11","file":[{"success":1,"file_name":"2022_NatureCommunications_Sahu.pdf","content_type":"application/pdf","relation":"main_file","file_size":1167492,"creator":"dernst","date_updated":"2022-03-28T08:02:12Z","file_id":"10929","checksum":"7c5176db7b8e2ed18a4e0c5aca70a72c","date_created":"2022-03-28T08:02:12Z","access_level":"open_access"}],"author":[{"first_name":"Rishabh","last_name":"Sahu","full_name":"Sahu, Rishabh","id":"47D26E34-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","orcid":"0000-0001-6264-2162"},{"last_name":"Hease","first_name":"William J","full_name":"Hease, William J","orcid":"0000-0001-9868-2166","id":"29705398-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87"},{"last_name":"Rueda Sanchez","first_name":"Alfredo R","orcid":"0000-0001-6249-5860","id":"3B82B0F8-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","full_name":"Rueda Sanchez, Alfredo R"},{"last_name":"Arnold","first_name":"Georg M","id":"3770C838-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","orcid":"0000-0003-1397-7876","full_name":"Arnold, Georg M"},{"orcid":"0000-0003-4345-4267","id":"45e99c0d-1eb1-11eb-9b96-ed8ab2983cac","full_name":"Qiu, Liu","last_name":"Qiu","first_name":"Liu"},{"first_name":"Johannes M","last_name":"Fink","orcid":"0000-0001-8112-028X","id":"4B591CBA-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","full_name":"Fink, Johannes M"}],"article_number":"1276","title":"Quantum-enabled operation of a microwave-optical interface","arxiv":1},{"doi":"10.15479/at:ista:12132","publication_identifier":{"isbn":["978-3-99078-024-4"],"issn":["2663-337X"]},"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"project":[{"_id":"2564DBCA-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425","call_identifier":"H2020","name":"International IST Doctoral Program","grant_number":"665385"},{"grant_number":"758053","_id":"26336814-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425","call_identifier":"H2020","name":"A Fiber Optic Transceiver for Superconducting Qubits"},{"grant_number":"862644","name":"Quantum readout techniques and technologies","call_identifier":"H2020","_id":"237CBA6C-32DE-11EA-91FC-C7463DDC885E"}],"title":"Controllable states of superconducting Qubit ensembles","degree_awarded":"PhD","author":[{"first_name":"Elena","last_name":"Redchenko","full_name":"Redchenko, Elena","id":"2C21D6E8-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87"}],"day":"26","file":[{"file_name":"Final_Thesis_ES_Redchenko.pdf","file_size":56076868,"relation":"main_file","embargo":"2022-12-28","content_type":"application/pdf","creator":"cchlebak","file_id":"12367","date_updated":"2023-01-26T23:30:44Z","checksum":"39eabb1e006b41335f17f3b29af09648","date_created":"2023-01-25T09:41:49Z","access_level":"open_access"}],"article_processing_charge":"No","ec_funded":1,"publisher":"Institute of Science and Technology Austria","user_id":"8b945eb4-e2f2-11eb-945a-df72226e66a9","department":[{"_id":"GradSch"},{"_id":"JoFi"}],"supervisor":[{"full_name":"Fink, Johannes M","orcid":"0000-0001-8112-028X","id":"4B591CBA-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","first_name":"Johannes M","last_name":"Fink"}],"ddc":["530"],"date_published":"2022-09-26T00:00:00Z","acknowledged_ssus":[{"_id":"NanoFab"},{"_id":"M-Shop"},{"_id":"EM-Fac"}],"oa":1,"publication_status":"published","has_accepted_license":"1","citation":{"mla":"Redchenko, Elena. <i>Controllable States of Superconducting Qubit Ensembles</i>. Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2022, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.15479/at:ista:12132\">10.15479/at:ista:12132</a>.","ista":"Redchenko E. 2022. Controllable states of superconducting Qubit ensembles. Institute of Science and Technology Austria.","apa":"Redchenko, E. (2022). <i>Controllable states of superconducting Qubit ensembles</i>. Institute of Science and Technology Austria. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.15479/at:ista:12132\">https://doi.org/10.15479/at:ista:12132</a>","ama":"Redchenko E. Controllable states of superconducting Qubit ensembles. 2022. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.15479/at:ista:12132\">10.15479/at:ista:12132</a>","short":"E. Redchenko, Controllable States of Superconducting Qubit Ensembles, Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2022.","ieee":"E. Redchenko, “Controllable states of superconducting Qubit ensembles,” Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2022.","chicago":"Redchenko, Elena. “Controllable States of Superconducting Qubit Ensembles.” Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2022. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.15479/at:ista:12132\">https://doi.org/10.15479/at:ista:12132</a>."},"alternative_title":["ISTA Thesis"],"status":"public","date_created":"2023-01-25T09:17:02Z","file_date_updated":"2023-01-26T23:30:44Z","page":"168","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"Recent substantial advances in the feld of superconducting circuits have shown its\r\npotential as a leading platform for future quantum computing. In contrast to classical\r\ncomputers based on bits that are represented by a single binary value, 0 or 1, quantum\r\nbits (or qubits) can be in a superposition of both. Thus, quantum computers can store\r\nand handle more information at the same time and a quantum advantage has already\r\nbeen demonstrated for two types of computational tasks. Rapid progress in academic\r\nand industry labs accelerates the development of superconducting processors which may\r\nsoon fnd applications in complex computations, chemical simulations, cryptography, and\r\noptimization. Now that these machines are scaled up to tackle such problems the questions\r\nof qubit interconnects and networks becomes very relevant. How to route signals on-chip\r\nbetween diferent processor components? What is the most efcient way to entangle\r\nqubits? And how to then send and process entangled signals between distant cryostats\r\nhosting superconducting processors?\r\nIn this thesis, we are looking for solutions to these problems by studying the collective\r\nbehavior of superconducting qubit ensembles. We frst demonstrate on-demand tunable\r\ndirectional scattering of microwave photons from a pair of qubits in a waveguide. Such a\r\ndevice can route microwave photons on-chip with a high diode efciency. Then we focus\r\non studying ultra-strong coupling regimes between light (microwave photons) and matter\r\n(superconducting qubits), a regime that could be promising for extremely fast multi-qubit\r\nentanglement generation. Finally, we show coherent pulse storage and periodic revivals\r\nin a fve qubit ensemble strongly coupled to a resonator. Such a reconfgurable storage\r\ndevice could be used as part of a quantum repeater that is needed for longer-distance\r\nquantum communication.\r\nThe achieved high degree of control over multi-qubit ensembles highlights not only the\r\nbeautiful physics of circuit quantum electrodynamics, it also represents the frst step\r\ntoward new quantum simulation and communication methods, and certain techniques\r\nmay also fnd applications in future superconducting quantum computing hardware.\r\n"}],"date_updated":"2024-08-07T07:11:56Z","type":"dissertation","oa_version":"Published Version","month":"09","_id":"12366","year":"2022"},{"_id":"7910","year":"2020","volume":6,"date_created":"2020-05-31T22:00:49Z","file_date_updated":"2020-07-14T12:48:05Z","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"Quantum illumination uses entangled signal-idler photon pairs to boost the detection efficiency of low-reflectivity objects in environments with bright thermal noise. Its advantage is particularly evident at low signal powers, a promising feature for applications such as noninvasive biomedical scanning or low-power short-range radar. Here, we experimentally investigate the concept of quantum illumination at microwave frequencies. We generate entangled fields to illuminate a room-temperature object at a distance of 1 m in a free-space detection setup. We implement a digital phase-conjugate receiver based on linear quadrature measurements that outperforms a symmetric classical noise radar in the same conditions, despite the entanglement-breaking signal path. Starting from experimental data, we also simulate the case of perfect idler photon number detection, which results in a quantum advantage compared with the relative classical benchmark. Our results highlight the opportunities and challenges in the way toward a first room-temperature application of microwave quantum circuits."}],"date_updated":"2024-09-10T12:23:52Z","month":"05","type":"journal_article","oa_version":"Published Version","related_material":{"link":[{"relation":"press_release","description":"News on IST Homepage","url":"https://ist.ac.at/en/news/scientists-demonstrate-quantum-radar-prototype/"}],"record":[{"status":"public","id":"9001","relation":"later_version"}]},"intvolume":"         6","citation":{"short":"S. Barzanjeh, S. Pirandola, D. Vitali, J.M. Fink, Science Advances 6 (2020).","ieee":"S. Barzanjeh, S. Pirandola, D. Vitali, and J. M. Fink, “Microwave quantum illumination using a digital receiver,” <i>Science Advances</i>, vol. 6, no. 19. AAAS, 2020.","chicago":"Barzanjeh, Shabir, S. Pirandola, D Vitali, and Johannes M Fink. “Microwave Quantum Illumination Using a Digital Receiver.” <i>Science Advances</i>. AAAS, 2020. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.abb0451\">https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.abb0451</a>.","ista":"Barzanjeh S, Pirandola S, Vitali D, Fink JM. 2020. Microwave quantum illumination using a digital receiver. Science Advances. 6(19), eabb0451.","mla":"Barzanjeh, Shabir, et al. “Microwave Quantum Illumination Using a Digital Receiver.” <i>Science Advances</i>, vol. 6, no. 19, eabb0451, AAAS, 2020, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.abb0451\">10.1126/sciadv.abb0451</a>.","apa":"Barzanjeh, S., Pirandola, S., Vitali, D., &#38; Fink, J. M. (2020). Microwave quantum illumination using a digital receiver. <i>Science Advances</i>. AAAS. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.abb0451\">https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.abb0451</a>","ama":"Barzanjeh S, Pirandola S, Vitali D, Fink JM. Microwave quantum illumination using a digital receiver. <i>Science Advances</i>. 2020;6(19). doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.abb0451\">10.1126/sciadv.abb0451</a>"},"status":"public","external_id":{"isi":["000531171100045"],"arxiv":["1908.03058"]},"date_published":"2020-05-06T00:00:00Z","ddc":["530"],"publication_status":"published","oa":1,"has_accepted_license":"1","publication":"Science Advances","article_processing_charge":"No","ec_funded":1,"scopus_import":"1","tmp":{"legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","image":"/images/cc_by.png","name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)","short":"CC BY (4.0)"},"article_type":"original","publisher":"AAAS","user_id":"4359f0d1-fa6c-11eb-b949-802e58b17ae8","department":[{"_id":"JoFi"}],"title":"Microwave quantum illumination using a digital receiver","arxiv":1,"article_number":"eabb0451","author":[{"id":"2D25E1F6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","orcid":"0000-0003-0415-1423","full_name":"Barzanjeh, Shabir","first_name":"Shabir","last_name":"Barzanjeh"},{"last_name":"Pirandola","first_name":"S.","full_name":"Pirandola, S."},{"full_name":"Vitali, D","first_name":"D","last_name":"Vitali"},{"first_name":"Johannes M","last_name":"Fink","id":"4B591CBA-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","orcid":"0000-0001-8112-028X","full_name":"Fink, Johannes M"}],"day":"06","file":[{"file_name":"2020_ScienceAdvances_Barzanjeh.pdf","relation":"main_file","content_type":"application/pdf","file_size":795822,"creator":"dernst","date_updated":"2020-07-14T12:48:05Z","file_id":"7913","checksum":"16fa61cc1951b444ee74c07188cda9da","date_created":"2020-06-02T09:18:36Z","access_level":"open_access"}],"isi":1,"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"issue":"19","project":[{"grant_number":"758053","name":"A Fiber Optic Transceiver for Superconducting Qubits","call_identifier":"H2020","_id":"26336814-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425"},{"grant_number":"862644","name":"Quantum readout techniques and technologies","_id":"237CBA6C-32DE-11EA-91FC-C7463DDC885E","call_identifier":"H2020"},{"grant_number":"707438","name":"Microwave-to-Optical Quantum Link: Quantum Teleportation and Quantum Illumination with cavity Optomechanics SUPEREOM","call_identifier":"H2020","_id":"258047B6-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425"},{"grant_number":"732894","_id":"257EB838-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425","call_identifier":"H2020","name":"Hybrid Optomechanical Technologies"},{"grant_number":"F07105","call_identifier":"FWF","_id":"26927A52-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425","name":"Integrating superconducting quantum circuits"}],"doi":"10.1126/sciadv.abb0451","quality_controlled":"1","publication_identifier":{"eissn":["23752548"]}},{"scopus_import":"1","ec_funded":1,"article_processing_charge":"Yes (via OA deal)","tmp":{"legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","image":"/images/cc_by.png","name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)","short":"CC BY (4.0)"},"article_type":"original","publication":"Quantum Science and Technology","department":[{"_id":"JoFi"}],"user_id":"4359f0d1-fa6c-11eb-b949-802e58b17ae8","publisher":"IOP Publishing","title":"Efficient microwave frequency conversion mediated by a photonics compatible silicon nitride nanobeam oscillator","article_number":"034011","day":"25","file":[{"date_created":"2020-06-30T10:29:10Z","access_level":"open_access","file_id":"8072","date_updated":"2020-07-14T12:48:08Z","checksum":"8f25f05053f511f892ae8fa93f341e61","file_size":2600967,"content_type":"application/pdf","relation":"main_file","creator":"cziletti","file_name":"2020_QuantumSciTechnol_Fink.pdf"}],"author":[{"full_name":"Fink, Johannes M","orcid":"0000-0001-8112-028X","id":"4B591CBA-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","first_name":"Johannes M","last_name":"Fink"},{"full_name":"Kalaee, M.","first_name":"M.","last_name":"Kalaee"},{"last_name":"Norte","first_name":"R.","full_name":"Norte, R."},{"first_name":"A.","last_name":"Pitanti","full_name":"Pitanti, A."},{"first_name":"O.","last_name":"Painter","full_name":"Painter, O."}],"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"issue":"3","isi":1,"project":[{"grant_number":"758053","name":"A Fiber Optic Transceiver for Superconducting Qubits","call_identifier":"H2020","_id":"26336814-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425"},{"name":"Integrating superconducting quantum circuits","call_identifier":"FWF","_id":"26927A52-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425","grant_number":"F07105"},{"name":"Hybrid Optomechanical Technologies","call_identifier":"H2020","_id":"257EB838-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425","grant_number":"732894"},{"_id":"2622978C-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425","name":"Hybrid Semiconductor - Superconductor Quantum Devices"}],"quality_controlled":"1","doi":"10.1088/2058-9565/ab8dce","publication_identifier":{"eissn":["20589565"]},"_id":"8038","year":"2020","file_date_updated":"2020-07-14T12:48:08Z","date_created":"2020-06-29T07:59:35Z","volume":5,"date_updated":"2024-08-07T07:11:51Z","abstract":[{"text":"Microelectromechanical systems and integrated photonics provide the basis for many reliable and compact circuit elements in modern communication systems. Electro-opto-mechanical devices are currently one of the leading approaches to realize ultra-sensitive, low-loss transducers for an emerging quantum information technology. Here we present an on-chip microwave frequency converter based on a planar aluminum on silicon nitride platform that is compatible with slot-mode coupled photonic crystal cavities. We show efficient frequency conversion between two propagating microwave modes mediated by the radiation pressure interaction with a metalized dielectric nanobeam oscillator. We achieve bidirectional coherent conversion with a total device efficiency of up to ~60%, a dynamic range of 2 × 10^9 photons/s and an instantaneous bandwidth of up to 1.7 kHz. A high fidelity quantum state transfer would be possible if the drive dependent output noise of currently ~14 photons s^−1 Hz^−1 is further reduced. Such a silicon nitride based transducer is in situ reconfigurable and could be used for on-chip classical and quantum signal routing and filtering, both for microwave and hybrid microwave-optical applications.","lang":"eng"}],"type":"journal_article","month":"05","oa_version":"Published Version","citation":{"ieee":"J. M. Fink, M. Kalaee, R. Norte, A. Pitanti, and O. Painter, “Efficient microwave frequency conversion mediated by a photonics compatible silicon nitride nanobeam oscillator,” <i>Quantum Science and Technology</i>, vol. 5, no. 3. IOP Publishing, 2020.","chicago":"Fink, Johannes M, M. Kalaee, R. Norte, A. Pitanti, and O. Painter. “Efficient Microwave Frequency Conversion Mediated by a Photonics Compatible Silicon Nitride Nanobeam Oscillator.” <i>Quantum Science and Technology</i>. IOP Publishing, 2020. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1088/2058-9565/ab8dce\">https://doi.org/10.1088/2058-9565/ab8dce</a>.","short":"J.M. Fink, M. Kalaee, R. Norte, A. Pitanti, O. Painter, Quantum Science and Technology 5 (2020).","ama":"Fink JM, Kalaee M, Norte R, Pitanti A, Painter O. Efficient microwave frequency conversion mediated by a photonics compatible silicon nitride nanobeam oscillator. <i>Quantum Science and Technology</i>. 2020;5(3). doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1088/2058-9565/ab8dce\">10.1088/2058-9565/ab8dce</a>","ista":"Fink JM, Kalaee M, Norte R, Pitanti A, Painter O. 2020. Efficient microwave frequency conversion mediated by a photonics compatible silicon nitride nanobeam oscillator. Quantum Science and Technology. 5(3), 034011.","mla":"Fink, Johannes M., et al. “Efficient Microwave Frequency Conversion Mediated by a Photonics Compatible Silicon Nitride Nanobeam Oscillator.” <i>Quantum Science and Technology</i>, vol. 5, no. 3, 034011, IOP Publishing, 2020, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1088/2058-9565/ab8dce\">10.1088/2058-9565/ab8dce</a>.","apa":"Fink, J. M., Kalaee, M., Norte, R., Pitanti, A., &#38; Painter, O. (2020). Efficient microwave frequency conversion mediated by a photonics compatible silicon nitride nanobeam oscillator. <i>Quantum Science and Technology</i>. IOP Publishing. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1088/2058-9565/ab8dce\">https://doi.org/10.1088/2058-9565/ab8dce</a>"},"intvolume":"         5","status":"public","external_id":{"isi":["000539300800001"]},"ddc":["530"],"date_published":"2020-05-25T00:00:00Z","has_accepted_license":"1","oa":1,"publication_status":"published"},{"_id":"8529","year":"2020","acknowledgement":"We thank Yuan Chen for performing supplementary FEM simulations and Andrew Higginbotham, Ralf Riedinger, Sungkun Hong, and Lorenzo Magrini for valuable discussions. This work was supported by IST Austria, the IST nanofabrication facility (NFF), the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under grant agreement no. 732894 (FET Proactive HOT) and the European Research Council under grant agreement no. 758053 (ERC StG QUNNECT). G.A. is the recipient of a DOC fellowship of the Austrian Academy of Sciences at IST Austria. W.H. is the recipient of an ISTplus postdoctoral fellowship with funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant agreement no. 754411. J.M.F. acknowledges support from the Austrian Science Fund (FWF) through BeyondC (F71), a NOMIS foundation research grant, and the EU’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under grant agreement no. 862644 (FET Open QUARTET).","date_created":"2020-09-18T10:56:20Z","file_date_updated":"2020-09-18T13:02:37Z","volume":11,"month":"09","oa_version":"Published Version","type":"journal_article","date_updated":"2024-08-07T07:11:51Z","abstract":[{"text":"Practical quantum networks require low-loss and noise-resilient optical interconnects as well as non-Gaussian resources for entanglement distillation and distributed quantum computation. The latter could be provided by superconducting circuits but existing solutions to interface the microwave and optical domains lack either scalability or efficiency, and in most cases the conversion noise is not known. In this work we utilize the unique opportunities of silicon photonics, cavity optomechanics and superconducting circuits to demonstrate a fully integrated, coherent transducer interfacing the microwave X and the telecom S bands with a total (internal) bidirectional transduction efficiency of 1.2% (135%) at millikelvin temperatures. The coupling relies solely on the radiation pressure interaction mediated by the femtometer-scale motion of two silicon nanobeams reaching a <jats:italic>V</jats:italic><jats:sub><jats:italic>π</jats:italic></jats:sub> as low as 16 μV for sub-nanowatt pump powers. Without the associated optomechanical gain, we achieve a total (internal) pure conversion efficiency of up to 0.019% (1.6%), relevant for future noise-free operation on this qubit-compatible platform.","lang":"eng"}],"citation":{"chicago":"Arnold, Georg M, Matthias Wulf, Shabir Barzanjeh, Elena Redchenko, Alfredo R Rueda Sanchez, William J Hease, Farid Hassani, and Johannes M Fink. “Converting Microwave and Telecom Photons with a Silicon Photonic Nanomechanical Interface.” <i>Nature Communications</i>. Springer Nature, 2020. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-18269-z\">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-18269-z</a>.","ieee":"G. M. Arnold <i>et al.</i>, “Converting microwave and telecom photons with a silicon photonic nanomechanical interface,” <i>Nature Communications</i>, vol. 11. Springer Nature, 2020.","short":"G.M. Arnold, M. Wulf, S. Barzanjeh, E. Redchenko, A.R. Rueda Sanchez, W.J. Hease, F. Hassani, J.M. Fink, Nature Communications 11 (2020).","ama":"Arnold GM, Wulf M, Barzanjeh S, et al. Converting microwave and telecom photons with a silicon photonic nanomechanical interface. <i>Nature Communications</i>. 2020;11. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-18269-z\">10.1038/s41467-020-18269-z</a>","apa":"Arnold, G. M., Wulf, M., Barzanjeh, S., Redchenko, E., Rueda Sanchez, A. R., Hease, W. J., … Fink, J. M. (2020). Converting microwave and telecom photons with a silicon photonic nanomechanical interface. <i>Nature Communications</i>. Springer Nature. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-18269-z\">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-18269-z</a>","mla":"Arnold, Georg M., et al. “Converting Microwave and Telecom Photons with a Silicon Photonic Nanomechanical Interface.” <i>Nature Communications</i>, vol. 11, 4460, Springer Nature, 2020, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-18269-z\">10.1038/s41467-020-18269-z</a>.","ista":"Arnold GM, Wulf M, Barzanjeh S, Redchenko E, Rueda Sanchez AR, Hease WJ, Hassani F, Fink JM. 2020. Converting microwave and telecom photons with a silicon photonic nanomechanical interface. Nature Communications. 11, 4460."},"related_material":{"record":[{"status":"public","id":"13056","relation":"research_data"}],"link":[{"relation":"erratum","url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-18912-9"},{"relation":"press_release","description":"News on IST Homepage","url":"https://ist.ac.at/en/news/how-to-transport-microwave-quantum-information-via-optical-fiber/"}]},"intvolume":"        11","status":"public","external_id":{"isi":["000577280200001"]},"acknowledged_ssus":[{"_id":"NanoFab"}],"ddc":["530"],"date_published":"2020-09-08T00:00:00Z","has_accepted_license":"1","publication_status":"published","oa":1,"tmp":{"legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","image":"/images/cc_by.png","name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)","short":"CC BY (4.0)"},"article_type":"original","article_processing_charge":"No","ec_funded":1,"publication":"Nature Communications","department":[{"_id":"JoFi"}],"publisher":"Springer Nature","user_id":"4359f0d1-fa6c-11eb-b949-802e58b17ae8","article_number":"4460","title":"Converting microwave and telecom photons with a silicon photonic nanomechanical interface","day":"08","file":[{"content_type":"application/pdf","relation":"main_file","file_size":1002818,"creator":"dernst","success":1,"file_name":"2020_NatureComm_Arnold.pdf","date_created":"2020-09-18T13:02:37Z","access_level":"open_access","date_updated":"2020-09-18T13:02:37Z","file_id":"8530","checksum":"88f92544889eb18bb38e25629a422a86"}],"author":[{"id":"3770C838-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","orcid":"0000-0003-1397-7876","full_name":"Arnold, Georg M","last_name":"Arnold","first_name":"Georg M"},{"last_name":"Wulf","first_name":"Matthias","orcid":"0000-0001-6613-1378","id":"45598606-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","full_name":"Wulf, Matthias"},{"first_name":"Shabir","last_name":"Barzanjeh","id":"2D25E1F6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","orcid":"0000-0003-0415-1423","full_name":"Barzanjeh, Shabir"},{"last_name":"Redchenko","first_name":"Elena","id":"2C21D6E8-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","full_name":"Redchenko, Elena"},{"orcid":"0000-0001-6249-5860","id":"3B82B0F8-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","full_name":"Rueda Sanchez, Alfredo R","first_name":"Alfredo R","last_name":"Rueda Sanchez"},{"full_name":"Hease, William J","id":"29705398-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","orcid":"0000-0001-9868-2166","first_name":"William J","last_name":"Hease"},{"first_name":"Farid","last_name":"Hassani","id":"2AED110C-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","orcid":"0000-0001-6937-5773","full_name":"Hassani, Farid"},{"full_name":"Fink, Johannes M","orcid":"0000-0001-8112-028X","id":"4B591CBA-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","last_name":"Fink","first_name":"Johannes M"}],"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"keyword":["General Biochemistry","Genetics and Molecular Biology","General Physics and Astronomy","General Chemistry"],"isi":1,"project":[{"_id":"257EB838-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425","call_identifier":"H2020","name":"Hybrid Optomechanical Technologies","grant_number":"732894"},{"call_identifier":"H2020","_id":"26336814-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425","name":"A Fiber Optic Transceiver for Superconducting Qubits","grant_number":"758053"},{"name":"ISTplus - Postdoctoral Fellowships","_id":"260C2330-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425","call_identifier":"H2020","grant_number":"754411"},{"grant_number":"862644","name":"Quantum readout techniques and technologies","_id":"237CBA6C-32DE-11EA-91FC-C7463DDC885E","call_identifier":"H2020"},{"name":"Coherent on-chip conversion of superconducting qubit signals from microwaves to optical frequencies","_id":"2671EB66-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425"}],"quality_controlled":"1","doi":"10.1038/s41467-020-18269-z","publication_identifier":{"issn":["2041-1723"]}},{"author":[{"first_name":"Matilda","last_name":"Peruzzo","full_name":"Peruzzo, Matilda","id":"3F920B30-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","orcid":"0000-0002-3415-4628"},{"id":"42F71B44-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","full_name":"Trioni, Andrea","last_name":"Trioni","first_name":"Andrea"},{"id":"2AED110C-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","orcid":"0000-0001-6937-5773","full_name":"Hassani, Farid","first_name":"Farid","last_name":"Hassani"},{"last_name":"Zemlicka","first_name":"Martin","id":"2DCF8DE6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","full_name":"Zemlicka, Martin"},{"full_name":"Fink, Johannes M","orcid":"0000-0001-8112-028X","id":"4B591CBA-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","last_name":"Fink","first_name":"Johannes M"}],"file":[{"success":1,"file_name":"2020_PhysReviewApplied_Peruzzo.pdf","content_type":"application/pdf","relation":"main_file","file_size":2607823,"creator":"dernst","date_updated":"2021-03-29T11:43:20Z","file_id":"9300","checksum":"2a634abe75251ae7628cd54c8a4ce2e8","date_created":"2021-03-29T11:43:20Z","access_level":"open_access"}],"day":"29","article_number":"044055","arxiv":1,"title":"Surpassing the resistance quantum with a geometric superinductor","publisher":"American Physical Society","user_id":"4359f0d1-fa6c-11eb-b949-802e58b17ae8","department":[{"_id":"JoFi"}],"publication":"Physical Review Applied","article_type":"original","ec_funded":1,"article_processing_charge":"No","scopus_import":"1","publication_identifier":{"eissn":["23317019"]},"doi":"10.1103/PhysRevApplied.14.044055","quality_controlled":"1","project":[{"grant_number":"F07105","_id":"26927A52-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425","call_identifier":"FWF","name":"Integrating superconducting quantum circuits"},{"name":"Hybrid Optomechanical Technologies","_id":"257EB838-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425","call_identifier":"H2020","grant_number":"732894"},{"name":"Quantum readout techniques and technologies","_id":"237CBA6C-32DE-11EA-91FC-C7463DDC885E","call_identifier":"H2020","grant_number":"862644"},{"grant_number":"758053","name":"A Fiber Optic Transceiver for Superconducting Qubits","_id":"26336814-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425","call_identifier":"H2020"}],"isi":1,"issue":"4","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"oa_version":"Published Version","month":"10","type":"journal_article","date_updated":"2024-08-07T07:11:55Z","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"The superconducting circuit community has recently discovered the promising potential of superinductors. These circuit elements have a characteristic impedance exceeding the resistance quantum RQ ≈ 6.45 kΩ which leads to a suppression of ground state charge fluctuations. Applications include the realization of hardware protected qubits for fault tolerant quantum computing, improved coupling to small dipole moment objects and defining a new quantum metrology standard for the ampere. In this work we refute the widespread notion that superinductors can only be implemented based on kinetic inductance, i.e. using disordered superconductors or Josephson junction arrays. We present modeling, fabrication and characterization of 104 planar aluminum coil resonators with a characteristic impedance up to 30.9 kΩ at 5.6 GHz and a capacitance down to ≤ 1 fF, with lowloss and a power handling reaching 108 intra-cavity photons. Geometric superinductors are free of uncontrolled tunneling events and offer high reproducibility, linearity and the ability to couple magnetically - properties that significantly broaden the scope of future quantum circuits. "}],"volume":14,"date_created":"2020-11-15T23:01:17Z","file_date_updated":"2021-03-29T11:43:20Z","acknowledgement":"The authors acknowledge the support from I. Prieto and the IST Nanofabrication Facility. This work was supported by IST Austria and a NOMIS foundation research grant and the Austrian Science Fund (FWF) through BeyondC (F71). MP is the recipient of a P¨ottinger scholarship at IST Austria. JMF acknowledges support from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programs under grant agreement No 732894 (FET Proactive HOT), 862644 (FET Open QUARTET), and the European Research Council under grant agreement\r\nnumber 758053 (ERC StG QUNNECT). ","year":"2020","_id":"8755","oa":1,"publication_status":"published","has_accepted_license":"1","date_published":"2020-10-29T00:00:00Z","ddc":["530"],"acknowledged_ssus":[{"_id":"NanoFab"}],"external_id":{"isi":["000582797300003"],"arxiv":["2007.01644"]},"status":"public","related_material":{"record":[{"relation":"research_data","id":"13070","status":"public"},{"relation":"dissertation_contains","id":"9920","status":"public"}]},"intvolume":"        14","citation":{"ama":"Peruzzo M, Trioni A, Hassani F, Zemlicka M, Fink JM. Surpassing the resistance quantum with a geometric superinductor. <i>Physical Review Applied</i>. 2020;14(4). doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevApplied.14.044055\">10.1103/PhysRevApplied.14.044055</a>","apa":"Peruzzo, M., Trioni, A., Hassani, F., Zemlicka, M., &#38; Fink, J. M. (2020). Surpassing the resistance quantum with a geometric superinductor. <i>Physical Review Applied</i>. American Physical Society. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevApplied.14.044055\">https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevApplied.14.044055</a>","ista":"Peruzzo M, Trioni A, Hassani F, Zemlicka M, Fink JM. 2020. Surpassing the resistance quantum with a geometric superinductor. Physical Review Applied. 14(4), 044055.","mla":"Peruzzo, Matilda, et al. “Surpassing the Resistance Quantum with a Geometric Superinductor.” <i>Physical Review Applied</i>, vol. 14, no. 4, 044055, American Physical Society, 2020, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevApplied.14.044055\">10.1103/PhysRevApplied.14.044055</a>.","chicago":"Peruzzo, Matilda, Andrea Trioni, Farid Hassani, Martin Zemlicka, and Johannes M Fink. “Surpassing the Resistance Quantum with a Geometric Superinductor.” <i>Physical Review Applied</i>. American Physical Society, 2020. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevApplied.14.044055\">https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevApplied.14.044055</a>.","ieee":"M. Peruzzo, A. Trioni, F. Hassani, M. Zemlicka, and J. M. Fink, “Surpassing the resistance quantum with a geometric superinductor,” <i>Physical Review Applied</i>, vol. 14, no. 4. American Physical Society, 2020.","short":"M. Peruzzo, A. Trioni, F. Hassani, M. Zemlicka, J.M. Fink, Physical Review Applied 14 (2020)."}},{"arxiv":1,"title":"Microwave quantum illumination with a digital phase-conjugated receiver","article_number":"9266397","author":[{"id":"2D25E1F6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","orcid":"0000-0003-0415-1423","full_name":"Barzanjeh, Shabir","last_name":"Barzanjeh","first_name":"Shabir"},{"full_name":"Pirandola, Stefano","last_name":"Pirandola","first_name":"Stefano"},{"full_name":"Vitali, David","last_name":"Vitali","first_name":"David"},{"full_name":"Fink, Johannes M","orcid":"0000-0001-8112-028X","id":"4B591CBA-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","last_name":"Fink","first_name":"Johannes M"}],"day":"21","publication":"IEEE National Radar Conference - Proceedings","ec_funded":1,"scopus_import":"1","article_processing_charge":"No","publisher":"IEEE","user_id":"4359f0d1-fa6c-11eb-b949-802e58b17ae8","department":[{"_id":"JoFi"}],"doi":"10.1109/RadarConf2043947.2020.9266397","quality_controlled":"1","publication_identifier":{"issn":["1097-5659"],"isbn":["9781728189420"]},"isi":1,"conference":{"start_date":"2020-09-21","name":"RadarConf: National Conference on Radar","location":"Florence, Italy","end_date":"2020-09-25"},"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"issue":"9","project":[{"grant_number":"758053","name":"A Fiber Optic Transceiver for Superconducting Qubits","_id":"26336814-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425","call_identifier":"H2020"},{"call_identifier":"H2020","_id":"237CBA6C-32DE-11EA-91FC-C7463DDC885E","name":"Quantum readout techniques and technologies","grant_number":"862644"},{"name":"Microwave-to-Optical Quantum Link: Quantum Teleportation and Quantum Illumination with cavity Optomechanics SUPEREOM","call_identifier":"H2020","_id":"258047B6-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425","grant_number":"707438"},{"_id":"257EB838-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425","call_identifier":"H2020","name":"Hybrid Optomechanical Technologies","grant_number":"732894"}],"volume":2020,"date_created":"2021-01-10T23:01:17Z","date_updated":"2024-09-10T12:23:52Z","abstract":[{"text":"Quantum illumination is a sensing technique that employs entangled signal-idler beams to improve the detection efficiency of low-reflectivity objects in environments with large thermal noise. The advantage over classical strategies is evident at low signal brightness, a feature which could make the protocol an ideal prototype for non-invasive scanning or low-power short-range radar. Here we experimentally investigate the concept of quantum illumination at microwave frequencies, by generating entangled fields using a Josephson parametric converter which are then amplified to illuminate a room-temperature object at a distance of 1 meter. Starting from experimental data, we simulate the case of perfect idler photon number detection, which results in a quantum advantage compared to the relative classical benchmark. Our results highlight the opportunities and challenges on the way towards a first room-temperature application of microwave quantum circuits.","lang":"eng"}],"month":"09","type":"conference","oa_version":"Preprint","_id":"9001","acknowledgement":"This work was supported by the Institute of Science and Technology Austria (IST Austria), the European Research Council under grant agreement number 758053 (ERC StG QUNNECT) and the EU’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement number 862644 (FET Open QUARTET). S.B. acknowledges support from the Marie Skłodowska Curie\r\nfellowship number 707438 (MSC-IF SUPEREOM), DV acknowledge support from EU’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement number 732894 (FET Proactive HOT) and the Project QuaSeRT funded by the QuantERA ERANET Cofund in Quantum Technologies, and J.M.F from the Austrian Science Fund (FWF) through BeyondC (F71), a NOMIS foundation research grant, and the EU’s Horizon 2020 research and\r\ninnovation programme under grant agreement number 732894 (FET Proactive\r\nHOT).","year":"2020","date_published":"2020-09-21T00:00:00Z","main_file_link":[{"open_access":"1","url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/1908.03058"}],"oa":1,"publication_status":"published","intvolume":"      2020","related_material":{"record":[{"relation":"earlier_version","status":"public","id":"7910"}]},"citation":{"ieee":"S. Barzanjeh, S. Pirandola, D. Vitali, and J. M. Fink, “Microwave quantum illumination with a digital phase-conjugated receiver,” in <i>IEEE National Radar Conference - Proceedings</i>, Florence, Italy, 2020, vol. 2020, no. 9.","chicago":"Barzanjeh, Shabir, Stefano Pirandola, David Vitali, and Johannes M Fink. “Microwave Quantum Illumination with a Digital Phase-Conjugated Receiver.” In <i>IEEE National Radar Conference - Proceedings</i>, Vol. 2020. IEEE, 2020. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1109/RadarConf2043947.2020.9266397\">https://doi.org/10.1109/RadarConf2043947.2020.9266397</a>.","short":"S. Barzanjeh, S. Pirandola, D. Vitali, J.M. Fink, in:, IEEE National Radar Conference - Proceedings, IEEE, 2020.","ama":"Barzanjeh S, Pirandola S, Vitali D, Fink JM. Microwave quantum illumination with a digital phase-conjugated receiver. In: <i>IEEE National Radar Conference - Proceedings</i>. Vol 2020. IEEE; 2020. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1109/RadarConf2043947.2020.9266397\">10.1109/RadarConf2043947.2020.9266397</a>","ista":"Barzanjeh S, Pirandola S, Vitali D, Fink JM. 2020. Microwave quantum illumination with a digital phase-conjugated receiver. IEEE National Radar Conference - Proceedings. RadarConf: National Conference on Radar vol. 2020, 9266397.","mla":"Barzanjeh, Shabir, et al. “Microwave Quantum Illumination with a Digital Phase-Conjugated Receiver.” <i>IEEE National Radar Conference - Proceedings</i>, vol. 2020, no. 9, 9266397, IEEE, 2020, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1109/RadarConf2043947.2020.9266397\">10.1109/RadarConf2043947.2020.9266397</a>.","apa":"Barzanjeh, S., Pirandola, S., Vitali, D., &#38; Fink, J. M. (2020). Microwave quantum illumination with a digital phase-conjugated receiver. In <i>IEEE National Radar Conference - Proceedings</i> (Vol. 2020). Florence, Italy: IEEE. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1109/RadarConf2043947.2020.9266397\">https://doi.org/10.1109/RadarConf2043947.2020.9266397</a>"},"external_id":{"isi":["000612224900089"],"arxiv":["1908.03058"]},"status":"public"},{"title":"Bidirectional electro-optic wavelength conversion in the quantum ground state","article_number":"020315","author":[{"last_name":"Hease","first_name":"William J","full_name":"Hease, William J","id":"29705398-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","orcid":"0000-0001-9868-2166"},{"full_name":"Rueda Sanchez, Alfredo R","orcid":"0000-0001-6249-5860","id":"3B82B0F8-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","first_name":"Alfredo R","last_name":"Rueda Sanchez"},{"orcid":"0000-0001-6264-2162","id":"47D26E34-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","full_name":"Sahu, Rishabh","last_name":"Sahu","first_name":"Rishabh"},{"orcid":"0000-0001-6613-1378","id":"45598606-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","full_name":"Wulf, Matthias","last_name":"Wulf","first_name":"Matthias"},{"orcid":"0000-0003-1397-7876","id":"3770C838-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","full_name":"Arnold, Georg M","first_name":"Georg M","last_name":"Arnold"},{"full_name":"Schwefel, Harald G.L.","first_name":"Harald G.L.","last_name":"Schwefel"},{"full_name":"Fink, Johannes M","orcid":"0000-0001-8112-028X","id":"4B591CBA-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","first_name":"Johannes M","last_name":"Fink"}],"day":"23","file":[{"file_id":"9115","date_updated":"2021-02-12T11:16:16Z","checksum":"b70b12ded6d7660d4c9037eb09bfed0c","date_created":"2021-02-12T11:16:16Z","access_level":"open_access","file_name":"2020_PRXQuantum_Hease.pdf","success":1,"file_size":2146924,"relation":"main_file","content_type":"application/pdf","creator":"dernst"}],"publication":"PRX Quantum","article_processing_charge":"No","ec_funded":1,"tmp":{"legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","image":"/images/cc_by.png","name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)","short":"CC BY (4.0)"},"article_type":"original","user_id":"4359f0d1-fa6c-11eb-b949-802e58b17ae8","publisher":"American Physical Society","department":[{"_id":"JoFi"}],"doi":"10.1103/prxquantum.1.020315","quality_controlled":"1","publication_identifier":{"issn":["2691-3399"]},"isi":1,"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"issue":"2","project":[{"grant_number":"758053","call_identifier":"H2020","_id":"26336814-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425","name":"A Fiber Optic Transceiver for Superconducting Qubits"},{"call_identifier":"H2020","_id":"260C2330-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425","name":"ISTplus - Postdoctoral Fellowships","grant_number":"754411"},{"grant_number":"899354","name":"Quantum Local Area Networks with Superconducting Qubits","_id":"9B868D20-BA93-11EA-9121-9846C619BF3A","call_identifier":"H2020"},{"name":"Integrating superconducting quantum circuits","call_identifier":"FWF","_id":"26927A52-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425","grant_number":"F07105"},{"name":"Coherent on-chip conversion of superconducting qubit signals from microwaves to optical frequencies","_id":"2671EB66-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425"}],"volume":1,"date_created":"2021-02-12T10:41:28Z","file_date_updated":"2021-02-12T11:16:16Z","date_updated":"2024-10-29T09:11:05Z","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"Microwave photonics lends the advantages of fiber optics to electronic sensing and communication systems. In contrast to nonlinear optics, electro-optic devices so far require classical modulation fields whose variance is dominated by electronic or thermal noise rather than quantum fluctuations. Here we demonstrate bidirectional single-sideband conversion of X band microwave to C band telecom light with a microwave mode occupancy as low as 0.025 ± 0.005 and an added output noise of less than or equal to 0.074 photons. This is facilitated by radiative cooling and a triply resonant ultra-low-loss transducer operating at millikelvin temperatures. The high bandwidth of 10.7 MHz and total (internal) photon conversion\r\nefficiency of 0.03% (0.67%) combined with the extremely slow heating rate of 1.1 added output noise photons per second for the highest available pump power of 1.48 mW puts near-unity efficiency pulsed quantum transduction within reach. Together with the non-Gaussian resources of superconducting qubits this might provide the practical foundation to extend the range and scope of current quantum networks in analogy to electrical repeaters in classical fiber optic communication."}],"type":"journal_article","month":"11","oa_version":"Published Version","_id":"9114","acknowledgement":"The authors acknowledge the support of T. Menner, A. Arslani, and T. Asenov from the Miba machine shop for machining the microwave cavity, and thank S. Barzanjeh, F. Sedlmeir, and C. Marquardt for fruitful discussions. This work is supported by IST Austria and the European Research Council under Grant No. 758053 (ERC StG QUNNECT). W.H. is the recipient of an ISTplus postdoctoral fellowship with funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie Grant No. 754411.\r\nG.A. is the recipient of a DOC fellowship of the Austrian Academy of Sciences at IST Austria. J.M.F. acknowledges support from the Austrian Science Fund (FWF) through BeyondC (F71) and the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under Grant No. 899354 (FET Open SuperQuLAN). H.G.L.S. acknowledges support from the Aotearoa/New Zealand’s MBIE Endeavour Smart Ideas Grant No UOOX1805.","year":"2020","ddc":["530"],"date_published":"2020-11-23T00:00:00Z","acknowledged_ssus":[{"_id":"M-Shop"}],"publication_status":"published","oa":1,"has_accepted_license":"1","related_material":{"link":[{"relation":"press_release","description":"News on IST Homepage","url":"https://ist.ac.at/en/news/how-to-transport-microwave-quantum-information-via-optical-fiber/"}],"record":[{"id":"13071","status":"public","relation":"research_data"},{"id":"12900","status":"public","relation":"dissertation_contains"},{"relation":"dissertation_contains","status":"public","id":"13175"}]},"intvolume":"         1","citation":{"short":"W.J. Hease, A.R. Rueda Sanchez, R. Sahu, M. Wulf, G.M. Arnold, H.G.L. Schwefel, J.M. Fink, PRX Quantum 1 (2020).","ieee":"W. J. Hease <i>et al.</i>, “Bidirectional electro-optic wavelength conversion in the quantum ground state,” <i>PRX Quantum</i>, vol. 1, no. 2. American Physical Society, 2020.","chicago":"Hease, William J, Alfredo R Rueda Sanchez, Rishabh Sahu, Matthias Wulf, Georg M Arnold, Harald G.L. Schwefel, and Johannes M Fink. “Bidirectional Electro-Optic Wavelength Conversion in the Quantum Ground State.” <i>PRX Quantum</i>. American Physical Society, 2020. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/prxquantum.1.020315\">https://doi.org/10.1103/prxquantum.1.020315</a>.","ista":"Hease WJ, Rueda Sanchez AR, Sahu R, Wulf M, Arnold GM, Schwefel HGL, Fink JM. 2020. Bidirectional electro-optic wavelength conversion in the quantum ground state. PRX Quantum. 1(2), 020315.","mla":"Hease, William J., et al. “Bidirectional Electro-Optic Wavelength Conversion in the Quantum Ground State.” <i>PRX Quantum</i>, vol. 1, no. 2, 020315, American Physical Society, 2020, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/prxquantum.1.020315\">10.1103/prxquantum.1.020315</a>.","apa":"Hease, W. J., Rueda Sanchez, A. R., Sahu, R., Wulf, M., Arnold, G. M., Schwefel, H. G. L., &#38; Fink, J. M. (2020). Bidirectional electro-optic wavelength conversion in the quantum ground state. <i>PRX Quantum</i>. American Physical Society. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/prxquantum.1.020315\">https://doi.org/10.1103/prxquantum.1.020315</a>","ama":"Hease WJ, Rueda Sanchez AR, Sahu R, et al. Bidirectional electro-optic wavelength conversion in the quantum ground state. <i>PRX Quantum</i>. 2020;1(2). doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/prxquantum.1.020315\">10.1103/prxquantum.1.020315</a>"},"external_id":{"isi":["000674680100001"]},"status":"public"},{"ddc":["530"],"date_published":"2019-12-01T00:00:00Z","publication_status":"published","oa":1,"has_accepted_license":"1","intvolume":"         5","citation":{"ieee":"A. R. Rueda Sanchez, W. J. Hease, S. Barzanjeh, and J. M. Fink, “Electro-optic entanglement source for microwave to telecom quantum state transfer,” <i>npj Quantum Information</i>, vol. 5. Springer Nature, 2019.","chicago":"Rueda Sanchez, Alfredo R, William J Hease, Shabir Barzanjeh, and Johannes M Fink. “Electro-Optic Entanglement Source for Microwave to Telecom Quantum State Transfer.” <i>Npj Quantum Information</i>. Springer Nature, 2019. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41534-019-0220-5\">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41534-019-0220-5</a>.","short":"A.R. Rueda Sanchez, W.J. Hease, S. Barzanjeh, J.M. Fink, Npj Quantum Information 5 (2019).","ama":"Rueda Sanchez AR, Hease WJ, Barzanjeh S, Fink JM. Electro-optic entanglement source for microwave to telecom quantum state transfer. <i>npj Quantum Information</i>. 2019;5. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41534-019-0220-5\">10.1038/s41534-019-0220-5</a>","mla":"Rueda Sanchez, Alfredo R., et al. “Electro-Optic Entanglement Source for Microwave to Telecom Quantum State Transfer.” <i>Npj Quantum Information</i>, vol. 5, 108, Springer Nature, 2019, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41534-019-0220-5\">10.1038/s41534-019-0220-5</a>.","ista":"Rueda Sanchez AR, Hease WJ, Barzanjeh S, Fink JM. 2019. Electro-optic entanglement source for microwave to telecom quantum state transfer. npj Quantum Information. 5, 108.","apa":"Rueda Sanchez, A. R., Hease, W. J., Barzanjeh, S., &#38; Fink, J. M. (2019). Electro-optic entanglement source for microwave to telecom quantum state transfer. <i>Npj Quantum Information</i>. Springer Nature. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41534-019-0220-5\">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41534-019-0220-5</a>"},"status":"public","external_id":{"arxiv":["1909.01470"],"isi":["000502996200003"]},"volume":5,"date_created":"2019-12-09T08:18:56Z","file_date_updated":"2020-07-14T12:47:50Z","month":"12","type":"journal_article","oa_version":"Published Version","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"We propose an efficient microwave-photonic modulator as a resource for stationary entangled microwave-optical fields and develop the theory for deterministic entanglement generation and quantum state transfer in multi-resonant electro-optic systems. The device is based on a single crystal whispering gallery mode resonator integrated into a 3D-microwave cavity. The specific design relies on a new combination of thin-film technology and conventional machining that is optimized for the lowest dissipation rates in the microwave, optical, and mechanical domains. We extract important device properties from finite-element simulations and predict continuous variable entanglement generation rates on the order of a Mebit/s for optical pump powers of only a few tens of microwatts. We compare the quantum state transfer fidelities of coherent, squeezed, and non-Gaussian cat states for both teleportation and direct conversion protocols under realistic conditions. Combining the unique capabilities of circuit quantum electrodynamics with the resilience of fiber optic communication could facilitate long-distance solid-state qubit networks, new methods for quantum signal synthesis, quantum key distribution, and quantum enhanced detection, as well as more power-efficient classical sensing and modulation."}],"date_updated":"2024-08-07T07:11:55Z","_id":"7156","year":"2019","doi":"10.1038/s41534-019-0220-5","quality_controlled":"1","publication_identifier":{"issn":["2056-6387"]},"isi":1,"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"project":[{"call_identifier":"H2020","_id":"26336814-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425","name":"A Fiber Optic Transceiver for Superconducting Qubits","grant_number":"758053"},{"_id":"258047B6-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425","call_identifier":"H2020","name":"Microwave-to-Optical Quantum Link: Quantum Teleportation and Quantum Illumination with cavity Optomechanics SUPEREOM","grant_number":"707438"},{"_id":"257EB838-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425","call_identifier":"H2020","name":"Hybrid Optomechanical Technologies","grant_number":"732894"},{"grant_number":"F07105","_id":"26927A52-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425","call_identifier":"FWF","name":"Integrating superconducting quantum circuits"}],"article_number":"108","title":"Electro-optic entanglement source for microwave to telecom quantum state transfer","arxiv":1,"author":[{"full_name":"Rueda Sanchez, Alfredo R","orcid":"0000-0001-6249-5860","id":"3B82B0F8-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","last_name":"Rueda Sanchez","first_name":"Alfredo R"},{"orcid":"0000-0001-9868-2166","id":"29705398-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","full_name":"Hease, William J","last_name":"Hease","first_name":"William J"},{"full_name":"Barzanjeh, Shabir","orcid":"0000-0003-0415-1423","id":"2D25E1F6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","last_name":"Barzanjeh","first_name":"Shabir"},{"id":"4B591CBA-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","orcid":"0000-0001-8112-028X","full_name":"Fink, Johannes M","first_name":"Johannes M","last_name":"Fink"}],"file":[{"file_name":"2019_NPJ_Rueda.pdf","creator":"dernst","file_size":1580132,"content_type":"application/pdf","relation":"main_file","checksum":"13e0ea1d4f9b5f5710780d9473364f58","file_id":"7157","date_updated":"2020-07-14T12:47:50Z","access_level":"open_access","date_created":"2019-12-09T08:25:06Z"}],"day":"01","publication":"npj Quantum Information","tmp":{"legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","image":"/images/cc_by.png","name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)","short":"CC BY (4.0)"},"article_type":"original","ec_funded":1,"article_processing_charge":"No","scopus_import":"1","publisher":"Springer Nature","user_id":"c635000d-4b10-11ee-a964-aac5a93f6ac1","department":[{"_id":"JoFi"}]},{"citation":{"short":"S. Barzanjeh, E. Redchenko, M. Peruzzo, M. Wulf, D. Lewis, G.M. Arnold, J.M. Fink, Nature 570 (2019) 480–483.","ieee":"S. Barzanjeh <i>et al.</i>, “Stationary entangled radiation from micromechanical motion,” <i>Nature</i>, vol. 570. Nature Publishing Group, pp. 480–483, 2019.","chicago":"Barzanjeh, Shabir, Elena Redchenko, Matilda Peruzzo, Matthias Wulf, Dylan Lewis, Georg M Arnold, and Johannes M Fink. “Stationary Entangled Radiation from Micromechanical Motion.” <i>Nature</i>. Nature Publishing Group, 2019. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-019-1320-2\">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-019-1320-2</a>.","mla":"Barzanjeh, Shabir, et al. “Stationary Entangled Radiation from Micromechanical Motion.” <i>Nature</i>, vol. 570, Nature Publishing Group, 2019, pp. 480–83, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-019-1320-2\">10.1038/s41586-019-1320-2</a>.","ista":"Barzanjeh S, Redchenko E, Peruzzo M, Wulf M, Lewis D, Arnold GM, Fink JM. 2019. Stationary entangled radiation from micromechanical motion. Nature. 570, 480–483.","apa":"Barzanjeh, S., Redchenko, E., Peruzzo, M., Wulf, M., Lewis, D., Arnold, G. M., &#38; Fink, J. M. (2019). Stationary entangled radiation from micromechanical motion. <i>Nature</i>. Nature Publishing Group. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-019-1320-2\">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-019-1320-2</a>","ama":"Barzanjeh S, Redchenko E, Peruzzo M, et al. Stationary entangled radiation from micromechanical motion. <i>Nature</i>. 2019;570:480-483. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-019-1320-2\">10.1038/s41586-019-1320-2</a>"},"intvolume":"       570","status":"public","external_id":{"arxiv":["1809.05865"],"isi":["000472860000042"]},"main_file_link":[{"open_access":"1","url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/1809.05865"}],"acknowledged_ssus":[{"_id":"NanoFab"}],"date_published":"2019-06-27T00:00:00Z","publication_status":"published","oa":1,"_id":"6609","year":"2019","date_created":"2019-07-07T21:59:20Z","volume":570,"date_updated":"2024-08-07T07:11:54Z","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"Mechanical systems facilitate the development of a hybrid quantum technology comprising electrical, optical, atomic and acoustic degrees of freedom1, and entanglement is essential to realize quantum-enabled devices. Continuous-variable entangled fields—known as Einstein–Podolsky–Rosen (EPR) states—are spatially separated two-mode squeezed states that can be used for quantum teleportation and quantum communication2. In the optical domain, EPR states are typically generated using nondegenerate optical amplifiers3, and at microwave frequencies Josephson circuits can serve as a nonlinear medium4,5,6. An outstanding goal is to deterministically generate and distribute entangled states with a mechanical oscillator, which requires a carefully arranged balance between excitation, cooling and dissipation in an ultralow noise environment. Here we observe stationary emission of path-entangled microwave radiation from a parametrically driven 30-micrometre-long silicon nanostring oscillator, squeezing the joint field operators of two thermal modes by 3.40 decibels below the vacuum level. The motion of this micromechanical system correlates up to 50 photons per second per hertz, giving rise to a quantum discord that is robust with respect to microwave noise7. Such generalized quantum correlations of separable states are important for quantum-enhanced detection8 and provide direct evidence of the non-classical nature of the mechanical oscillator without directly measuring its state9. This noninvasive measurement scheme allows to infer information about otherwise inaccessible objects, with potential implications for sensing, open-system dynamics and fundamental tests of quantum gravity. In the future, similar on-chip devices could be used to entangle subsystems on very different energy scales, such as microwave and optical photons."}],"oa_version":"Preprint","type":"journal_article","month":"06","page":"480-483","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"isi":1,"project":[{"call_identifier":"H2020","_id":"257EB838-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425","name":"Hybrid Optomechanical Technologies","grant_number":"732894"},{"name":"A Fiber Optic Transceiver for Superconducting Qubits","_id":"26336814-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425","call_identifier":"H2020","grant_number":"758053"},{"_id":"258047B6-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425","call_identifier":"H2020","name":"Microwave-to-Optical Quantum Link: Quantum Teleportation and Quantum Illumination with cavity Optomechanics","grant_number":"707438"},{"name":"Coherent on-chip conversion of superconducting qubit signals from microwaves to optical frequencies","_id":"2671EB66-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425"}],"quality_controlled":"1","doi":"10.1038/s41586-019-1320-2","article_processing_charge":"No","ec_funded":1,"scopus_import":"1","publication":"Nature","department":[{"_id":"JoFi"}],"publisher":"Nature Publishing Group","user_id":"4359f0d1-fa6c-11eb-b949-802e58b17ae8","arxiv":1,"title":"Stationary entangled radiation from micromechanical motion","day":"27","author":[{"first_name":"Shabir","last_name":"Barzanjeh","full_name":"Barzanjeh, Shabir","id":"2D25E1F6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","orcid":"0000-0003-0415-1423"},{"full_name":"Redchenko, Elena","id":"2C21D6E8-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","first_name":"Elena","last_name":"Redchenko"},{"id":"3F920B30-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","orcid":"0000-0002-3415-4628","full_name":"Peruzzo, Matilda","last_name":"Peruzzo","first_name":"Matilda"},{"full_name":"Wulf, Matthias","id":"45598606-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","orcid":"0000-0001-6613-1378","first_name":"Matthias","last_name":"Wulf"},{"full_name":"Lewis, Dylan","last_name":"Lewis","first_name":"Dylan"},{"full_name":"Arnold, Georg M","orcid":"0000-0003-1397-7876","id":"3770C838-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","first_name":"Georg M","last_name":"Arnold"},{"first_name":"Johannes M","last_name":"Fink","orcid":"0000-0001-8112-028X","id":"4B591CBA-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","full_name":"Fink, Johannes M"}]}]