---
_id: '12469'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: 'Hosts can carry many viruses in their bodies, but not all of them cause disease.
    We studied ants as a social host to determine both their overall viral repertoire
    and the subset of actively infecting viruses across natural populations of three
    subfamilies: the Argentine ant (Linepithema humile, Dolichoderinae), the invasive
    garden ant (Lasius neglectus, Formicinae) and the red ant (Myrmica rubra, Myrmicinae).
    We used a dual sequencing strategy to reconstruct complete virus genomes by RNA-seq
    and to simultaneously determine the small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) by small RNA
    sequencing (sRNA-seq), which constitute the host antiviral RNAi immune response.
    This approach led to the discovery of 41 novel viruses in ants and revealed a
    host ant-specific RNAi response (21 vs. 22 nt siRNAs) in the different ant species.
    The efficiency of the RNAi response (sRNA/RNA read count ratio) depended on the
    virus and the respective ant species, but not its population. Overall, we found
    the highest virus abundance and diversity per population in Li. humile, followed
    by La. neglectus and M. rubra. Argentine ants also shared a high proportion of
    viruses between populations, whilst overlap was nearly absent in M. rubra. Only
    one of the 59 viruses was found to infect two of the ant species as hosts, revealing
    high host-specificity in active infections. In contrast, six viruses actively
    infected one ant species, but were found as contaminants only in the others. Disentangling
    spillover of disease-causing infection from non-infecting contamination across
    species is providing relevant information for disease ecology and ecosystem management.'
acknowledgement: "We thank D.J. Obbard for sharing the details of the dual RNA-seq/sRNA-seq
  approach, S.\r\nMetzler and R. Ferrigato for the photographs (Figure 1), M. Konrad,
  B. Casillas-Perez, C.D.\r\nPull and X. Espadaler for help with ant collection, and
  the Social Immunity Team at IST\r\nAustria, in particular J. Robb, A. Franschitz,
  E. Naderlinger, E. Dawson and B. Casillas-Perez\r\nfor support and comments on the
  manuscript. The study was funded by the Austrian Science\r\nFund (FWF; M02076-B25
  to MAF) and the Academy of Finland (343022 to LV). "
article_number: '1119002'
article_processing_charge: Yes (via OA deal)
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Lumi
  full_name: Viljakainen, Lumi
  last_name: Viljakainen
- first_name: Matthias
  full_name: Fürst, Matthias
  id: 393B1196-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Fürst
  orcid: 0000-0002-3712-925X
- first_name: Anna V
  full_name: Grasse, Anna V
  id: 406F989C-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Grasse
- first_name: Jaana
  full_name: Jurvansuu, Jaana
  last_name: Jurvansuu
- first_name: Jinook
  full_name: Oh, Jinook
  id: 403169A4-080F-11EA-9993-BF3F3DDC885E
  last_name: Oh
  orcid: 0000-0001-7425-2372
- first_name: Lassi
  full_name: Tolonen, Lassi
  last_name: Tolonen
- first_name: Thomas
  full_name: Eder, Thomas
  last_name: Eder
- first_name: Thomas
  full_name: Rattei, Thomas
  last_name: Rattei
- first_name: Sylvia
  full_name: Cremer, Sylvia
  id: 2F64EC8C-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Cremer
  orcid: 0000-0002-2193-3868
citation:
  ama: Viljakainen L, Fürst M, Grasse AV, et al. Antiviral immune response reveals
    host-specific virus infections in natural ant populations. <i>Frontiers in Microbiology</i>.
    2023;14. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2023.1119002">10.3389/fmicb.2023.1119002</a>
  apa: Viljakainen, L., Fürst, M., Grasse, A. V., Jurvansuu, J., Oh, J., Tolonen,
    L., … Cremer, S. (2023). Antiviral immune response reveals host-specific virus
    infections in natural ant populations. <i>Frontiers in Microbiology</i>. Frontiers.
    <a href="https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2023.1119002">https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2023.1119002</a>
  chicago: Viljakainen, Lumi, Matthias Fürst, Anna V Grasse, Jaana Jurvansuu, Jinook
    Oh, Lassi Tolonen, Thomas Eder, Thomas Rattei, and Sylvia Cremer. “Antiviral Immune
    Response Reveals Host-Specific Virus Infections in Natural Ant Populations.” <i>Frontiers
    in Microbiology</i>. Frontiers, 2023. <a href="https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2023.1119002">https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2023.1119002</a>.
  ieee: L. Viljakainen <i>et al.</i>, “Antiviral immune response reveals host-specific
    virus infections in natural ant populations,” <i>Frontiers in Microbiology</i>,
    vol. 14. Frontiers, 2023.
  ista: Viljakainen L, Fürst M, Grasse AV, Jurvansuu J, Oh J, Tolonen L, Eder T, Rattei
    T, Cremer S. 2023. Antiviral immune response reveals host-specific virus infections
    in natural ant populations. Frontiers in Microbiology. 14, 1119002.
  mla: Viljakainen, Lumi, et al. “Antiviral Immune Response Reveals Host-Specific
    Virus Infections in Natural Ant Populations.” <i>Frontiers in Microbiology</i>,
    vol. 14, 1119002, Frontiers, 2023, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2023.1119002">10.3389/fmicb.2023.1119002</a>.
  short: L. Viljakainen, M. Fürst, A.V. Grasse, J. Jurvansuu, J. Oh, L. Tolonen, T.
    Eder, T. Rattei, S. Cremer, Frontiers in Microbiology 14 (2023).
date_created: 2023-01-31T08:13:40Z
date_published: 2023-03-16T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2023-08-01T12:39:58Z
day: '16'
ddc:
- '570'
department:
- _id: SyCr
doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1119002
external_id:
  isi:
  - '000961542100001'
  pmid:
  - 'PPR559293 '
file:
- access_level: open_access
  checksum: cd52292963acce1111634d9fac08c699
  content_type: application/pdf
  creator: dernst
  date_created: 2023-04-17T07:49:09Z
  date_updated: 2023-04-17T07:49:09Z
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  file_name: 2023_FrontMicrobiology_Viljakainen.pdf
  file_size: 4866332
  relation: main_file
  success: 1
file_date_updated: 2023-04-17T07:49:09Z
has_accepted_license: '1'
intvolume: '        14'
isi: 1
language:
- iso: eng
month: '03'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
pmid: 1
project:
- _id: 25DF61D8-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425
  call_identifier: FWF
  grant_number: M02076
  name: Viral pathogens and social immunity in ants
publication: Frontiers in Microbiology
publication_identifier:
  eissn:
  - 1664-302X
publication_status: published
publisher: Frontiers
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: Antiviral immune response reveals host-specific virus infections in natural
  ant populations
tmp:
  image: /images/cc_by.png
  legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode
  name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)
  short: CC BY (4.0)
type: journal_article
user_id: 4359f0d1-fa6c-11eb-b949-802e58b17ae8
volume: 14
year: '2023'
...