[{"publication":"iScience","has_accepted_license":"1","month":"07","article_number":"104580","acknowledged_ssus":[{"_id":"Bio"},{"_id":"LifeSc"}],"oa_version":"Published Version","project":[{"_id":"25D4A630-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425","call_identifier":"H2020","grant_number":"715571","name":"Microglia action towards neuronal circuit formation and function in health and disease"},{"_id":"B67AFEDC-15C9-11EA-A837-991A96BB2854","name":"IST Austria Open Access Fund"},{"name":"How human microglia shape developing neurons during health and inflammation","grant_number":"SC19-017","_id":"9B99D380-BA93-11EA-9121-9846C619BF3A"}],"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"date_published":"2022-07-15T00:00:00Z","type":"journal_article","tmp":{"legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","short":"CC BY (4.0)","image":"/images/cc_by.png","name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)"},"oa":1,"publication_identifier":{"eissn":["2589-0042"]},"related_material":{"record":[{"status":"public","id":"12117","relation":"other"}]},"status":"public","user_id":"3E5EF7F0-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","file":[{"file_size":19400048,"checksum":"a470b74e1b3796c710189c81a4cd4329","date_created":"2022-07-04T08:19:25Z","file_name":"2022_iScience_Bartalska.pdf","content_type":"application/pdf","date_updated":"2022-07-04T08:19:25Z","relation":"main_file","success":1,"access_level":"open_access","creator":"cchlebak","file_id":"11480"}],"author":[{"full_name":"Bartalska, Katarina","last_name":"Bartalska","first_name":"Katarina","id":"4D883232-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87"},{"full_name":"Hübschmann, Verena","last_name":"Hübschmann","first_name":"Verena","id":"32B7C918-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87"},{"first_name":"Medina","last_name":"Korkut","orcid":"0000-0003-4309-2251","full_name":"Korkut, Medina","id":"4B51CE74-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87"},{"id":"850B2E12-9CD4-11E9-837F-E719E6697425","orcid":"0000-0003-0002-1867","full_name":"Cubero, Ryan J","first_name":"Ryan J","last_name":"Cubero"},{"id":"41CB84B2-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","first_name":"Alessandro","last_name":"Venturino","orcid":"0000-0003-2356-9403","full_name":"Venturino, Alessandro"},{"first_name":"Karl","last_name":"Rössler","full_name":"Rössler, Karl"},{"first_name":"Thomas","last_name":"Czech","full_name":"Czech, Thomas"},{"id":"36ACD32E-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","last_name":"Siegert","first_name":"Sandra","full_name":"Siegert, Sandra","orcid":"0000-0001-8635-0877"}],"issue":"7","_id":"11478","scopus_import":"1","title":"A systematic characterization of microglia-like cell occurrence during retinal organoid differentiation","intvolume":"        25","publication_status":"published","date_created":"2022-07-03T22:01:33Z","article_processing_charge":"Yes","department":[{"_id":"SaSi"}],"file_date_updated":"2022-07-04T08:19:25Z","ec_funded":1,"quality_controlled":"1","article_type":"original","publisher":"Elsevier","isi":1,"external_id":{"isi":["000830428500005"]},"date_updated":"2023-11-02T12:21:33Z","year":"2022","citation":{"chicago":"Bartalska, Katarina, Verena Hübschmann, Medina Korkut, Ryan J Cubero, Alessandro Venturino, Karl Rössler, Thomas Czech, and Sandra Siegert. “A Systematic Characterization of Microglia-like Cell Occurrence during Retinal Organoid Differentiation.” <i>IScience</i>. Elsevier, 2022. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isci.2022.104580\">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isci.2022.104580</a>.","ieee":"K. Bartalska <i>et al.</i>, “A systematic characterization of microglia-like cell occurrence during retinal organoid differentiation,” <i>iScience</i>, vol. 25, no. 7. Elsevier, 2022.","ama":"Bartalska K, Hübschmann V, Korkut M, et al. A systematic characterization of microglia-like cell occurrence during retinal organoid differentiation. <i>iScience</i>. 2022;25(7). doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isci.2022.104580\">10.1016/j.isci.2022.104580</a>","apa":"Bartalska, K., Hübschmann, V., Korkut, M., Cubero, R. J., Venturino, A., Rössler, K., … Siegert, S. (2022). A systematic characterization of microglia-like cell occurrence during retinal organoid differentiation. <i>IScience</i>. Elsevier. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isci.2022.104580\">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isci.2022.104580</a>","ista":"Bartalska K, Hübschmann V, Korkut M, Cubero RJ, Venturino A, Rössler K, Czech T, Siegert S. 2022. A systematic characterization of microglia-like cell occurrence during retinal organoid differentiation. iScience. 25(7), 104580.","short":"K. Bartalska, V. Hübschmann, M. Korkut, R.J. Cubero, A. Venturino, K. Rössler, T. Czech, S. Siegert, IScience 25 (2022).","mla":"Bartalska, Katarina, et al. “A Systematic Characterization of Microglia-like Cell Occurrence during Retinal Organoid Differentiation.” <i>IScience</i>, vol. 25, no. 7, 104580, Elsevier, 2022, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isci.2022.104580\">10.1016/j.isci.2022.104580</a>."},"abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"Cerebral organoids differentiated from human-induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSC) provide a unique opportunity to investigate brain development. However, organoids usually lack microglia, brain-resident immune cells, which are present in the early embryonic brain and participate in neuronal circuit development. Here, we find IBA1+ microglia-like cells alongside retinal cups between week 3 and 4 in 2.5D culture with an unguided retinal organoid differentiation protocol. Microglia do not infiltrate the neuroectoderm and instead enrich within non-pigmented, 3D-cystic compartments that develop in parallel to the 3D-retinal organoids. When we guide the retinal organoid differentiation with low-dosed BMP4, we prevent cup development and enhance microglia and 3D-cysts formation. Mass spectrometry identifies these 3D-cysts to express mesenchymal and epithelial markers. We confirmed this microglia-preferred environment also within the unguided protocol, providing insight into microglial behavior and migration and offer a model to study how they enter and distribute within the human brain."}],"doi":"10.1016/j.isci.2022.104580","day":"15","ddc":["610"],"volume":25,"acknowledgement":"We thank the scientific service units at ISTA, specifically the lab support facility and imaging & optics facility for their support; Nicolas Armel for performing the Mass Spectrometry. We thank Alexandra Lang and Tanja Peilnsteiner for their help in human brain tissue collection, Rouven Schulz for his insights into the functional assays We thank all members of the Siegert group for constant feedback on the project and Margaret Maes, Rouven Schulz, and Marco Benevento for feedback on the manuscript. This project has received funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program (grant No. 715571 to S.S.) and from the Gesellschaft für Forschungsförderung Niederösterreich (grant No. Sc19-017 to V.H.)."},{"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"keyword":["General Immunology and Microbiology","General Biochemistry","Genetics and Molecular Biology","General Neuroscience"],"oa_version":"Published Version","acknowledged_ssus":[{"_id":"Bio"}],"project":[{"_id":"25D4A630-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425","call_identifier":"H2020","grant_number":"715571","name":"Microglia action towards neuronal circuit formation and function in health and disease"},{"_id":"9B99D380-BA93-11EA-9121-9846C619BF3A","name":"How human microglia shape developing neurons during health and inflammation","grant_number":"SC19-017"}],"month":"12","article_number":"101866","publication":"STAR Protocols","has_accepted_license":"1","file":[{"checksum":"3c71b8a60633d42c2f77c49025d5559b","file_size":6251945,"date_created":"2023-01-23T09:50:51Z","file_name":"2022_STARProtocols_Huebschmann.pdf","content_type":"application/pdf","date_updated":"2023-01-23T09:50:51Z","success":1,"access_level":"open_access","relation":"main_file","creator":"dernst","file_id":"12340"}],"status":"public","user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","related_material":{"record":[{"relation":"other","id":"11478","status":"public"}]},"publication_identifier":{"issn":["2666-1667"]},"oa":1,"tmp":{"legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/legalcode","short":"CC BY-NC-ND (4.0)","name":"Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)","image":"/images/cc_by_nc_nd.png"},"date_published":"2022-12-16T00:00:00Z","type":"journal_article","publisher":"Elsevier","article_type":"letter_note","quality_controlled":"1","ec_funded":1,"file_date_updated":"2023-01-23T09:50:51Z","publication_status":"published","department":[{"_id":"SaSi"},{"_id":"GradSch"}],"article_processing_charge":"No","date_created":"2023-01-12T11:56:38Z","title":"Assessing human iPSC-derived microglia identity and function by immunostaining, phagocytosis, calcium activity, and inflammation assay","intvolume":"         3","_id":"12117","scopus_import":"1","author":[{"id":"32B7C918-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","last_name":"Hübschmann","first_name":"Verena","full_name":"Hübschmann, Verena"},{"id":"4B51CE74-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","orcid":"0000-0003-4309-2251","full_name":"Korkut, Medina","first_name":"Medina","last_name":"Korkut"},{"first_name":"Sandra","last_name":"Siegert","orcid":"0000-0001-8635-0877","full_name":"Siegert, Sandra","id":"36ACD32E-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87"}],"issue":"4","acknowledgement":"This project has received funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program (grant No. 715571 to S.S.) and from the Gesellschaft für Forschungsförderung Niederösterreich (grant No. Sc19-017 to V.H.). We thank Rouven Schulz and Alessandro Venturino for their insights into functional assays and data analysis, Verena Seiboth for insights into necessary institutional permission, and ISTA imaging & optics facility (IOF) especially Bernhard Hochreiter for their support.","volume":3,"ddc":["570"],"doi":"10.1016/j.xpro.2022.101866","day":"16","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"To understand how potential gene manipulations affect in vitro microglia, we provide a set of short protocols to evaluate microglia identity and function. We detail steps for immunostaining to determine microglia identity. We describe three functional assays for microglia: phagocytosis, calcium response following ATP stimulation, and cytokine expression upon inflammatory stimuli. We apply these protocols to human induced-pluripotent-stem-cell (hiPSC)-derived microglia, but they can be also applied to other in vitro microglial models including primary mouse microglia.\r\nFor complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Bartalska et al. (2022).1"}],"date_updated":"2023-11-02T12:21:32Z","citation":{"mla":"Hübschmann, Verena, et al. “Assessing Human IPSC-Derived Microglia Identity and Function by Immunostaining, Phagocytosis, Calcium Activity, and Inflammation Assay.” <i>STAR Protocols</i>, vol. 3, no. 4, 101866, Elsevier, 2022, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.xpro.2022.101866\">10.1016/j.xpro.2022.101866</a>.","short":"V. Hübschmann, M. Korkut, S. Siegert, STAR Protocols 3 (2022).","ista":"Hübschmann V, Korkut M, Siegert S. 2022. Assessing human iPSC-derived microglia identity and function by immunostaining, phagocytosis, calcium activity, and inflammation assay. STAR Protocols. 3(4), 101866.","apa":"Hübschmann, V., Korkut, M., &#38; Siegert, S. (2022). Assessing human iPSC-derived microglia identity and function by immunostaining, phagocytosis, calcium activity, and inflammation assay. <i>STAR Protocols</i>. Elsevier. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.xpro.2022.101866\">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.xpro.2022.101866</a>","ama":"Hübschmann V, Korkut M, Siegert S. Assessing human iPSC-derived microglia identity and function by immunostaining, phagocytosis, calcium activity, and inflammation assay. <i>STAR Protocols</i>. 2022;3(4). doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.xpro.2022.101866\">10.1016/j.xpro.2022.101866</a>","chicago":"Hübschmann, Verena, Medina Korkut, and Sandra Siegert. “Assessing Human IPSC-Derived Microglia Identity and Function by Immunostaining, Phagocytosis, Calcium Activity, and Inflammation Assay.” <i>STAR Protocols</i>. Elsevier, 2022. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.xpro.2022.101866\">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.xpro.2022.101866</a>.","ieee":"V. Hübschmann, M. Korkut, and S. Siegert, “Assessing human iPSC-derived microglia identity and function by immunostaining, phagocytosis, calcium activity, and inflammation assay,” <i>STAR Protocols</i>, vol. 3, no. 4. Elsevier, 2022."},"year":"2022"},{"file_date_updated":"2023-01-30T08:06:56Z","page":"1379-1393","quality_controlled":"1","ec_funded":1,"article_type":"original","publisher":"Springer Nature","author":[{"id":"3483CF6C-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","orcid":"0000-0001-9434-8902","full_name":"Colombo, Gloria","first_name":"Gloria","last_name":"Colombo"},{"id":"850B2E12-9CD4-11E9-837F-E719E6697425","full_name":"Cubero, Ryan J","orcid":"0000-0003-0002-1867","last_name":"Cubero","first_name":"Ryan J"},{"first_name":"Lida","last_name":"Kanari","full_name":"Kanari, Lida"},{"id":"41CB84B2-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","first_name":"Alessandro","last_name":"Venturino","orcid":"0000-0003-2356-9403","full_name":"Venturino, Alessandro"},{"id":"4C5E7B96-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","orcid":"0000-0001-5297-733X","full_name":"Schulz, Rouven","first_name":"Rouven","last_name":"Schulz"},{"first_name":"Martina","last_name":"Scolamiero","full_name":"Scolamiero, Martina"},{"last_name":"Agerberg","first_name":"Jens","full_name":"Agerberg, Jens"},{"last_name":"Mathys","first_name":"Hansruedi","full_name":"Mathys, Hansruedi"},{"full_name":"Tsai, Li-Huei","last_name":"Tsai","first_name":"Li-Huei"},{"full_name":"Chachólski, Wojciech","first_name":"Wojciech","last_name":"Chachólski"},{"full_name":"Hess, Kathryn","first_name":"Kathryn","last_name":"Hess"},{"first_name":"Sandra","last_name":"Siegert","orcid":"0000-0001-8635-0877","full_name":"Siegert, Sandra","id":"36ACD32E-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87"}],"issue":"10","pmid":1,"_id":"12244","scopus_import":"1","title":"A tool for mapping microglial morphology, morphOMICs, reveals brain-region and sex-dependent phenotypes","intvolume":"        25","publication_status":"published","department":[{"_id":"SaSi"}],"date_created":"2023-01-16T09:53:07Z","article_processing_charge":"No","ddc":["570"],"volume":25,"acknowledgement":"We thank the scientific service units at ISTA, in particular M. Schunn’s team at the preclinical facility, and especially our colony manager S. Haslinger, for excellent support. We are also grateful to the ISTA Imaging & Optics Facility, and in particular C. Sommer for helping with the data file conversions. We thank R. Erhart from the ISTA Scientific Computing Unit for improving the script performance. We thank M. Maes, B. Nagy, S. Oakeley and M. Benevento and all members of the Siegert group for constant feedback on the project and on the manuscript. This research was supported by the European Union Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie Actions program (754411 to R.J.A.C.), and by the European Research Council (grant no. 715571 to S.S.). L.K. was supported by funding to the Blue Brain Project, a research center of the École polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne, from the Swiss government’s ETH Board of the Swiss Federal Institutes of Technology. L.-H.T. was supported by NIH (grant no. R37NS051874) and by the JPB Foundation. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish or preparation of the manuscript.","isi":1,"external_id":{"isi":["000862214700001"],"pmid":["36180790"]},"date_updated":"2024-03-25T23:30:10Z","citation":{"mla":"Colombo, Gloria, et al. “A Tool for Mapping Microglial Morphology, MorphOMICs, Reveals Brain-Region and Sex-Dependent Phenotypes.” <i>Nature Neuroscience</i>, vol. 25, no. 10, Springer Nature, 2022, pp. 1379–93, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41593-022-01167-6\">10.1038/s41593-022-01167-6</a>.","short":"G. Colombo, R.J. Cubero, L. Kanari, A. Venturino, R. Schulz, M. Scolamiero, J. Agerberg, H. Mathys, L.-H. Tsai, W. Chachólski, K. Hess, S. Siegert, Nature Neuroscience 25 (2022) 1379–1393.","ista":"Colombo G, Cubero RJ, Kanari L, Venturino A, Schulz R, Scolamiero M, Agerberg J, Mathys H, Tsai L-H, Chachólski W, Hess K, Siegert S. 2022. A tool for mapping microglial morphology, morphOMICs, reveals brain-region and sex-dependent phenotypes. Nature Neuroscience. 25(10), 1379–1393.","ama":"Colombo G, Cubero RJ, Kanari L, et al. A tool for mapping microglial morphology, morphOMICs, reveals brain-region and sex-dependent phenotypes. <i>Nature Neuroscience</i>. 2022;25(10):1379-1393. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41593-022-01167-6\">10.1038/s41593-022-01167-6</a>","apa":"Colombo, G., Cubero, R. J., Kanari, L., Venturino, A., Schulz, R., Scolamiero, M., … Siegert, S. (2022). A tool for mapping microglial morphology, morphOMICs, reveals brain-region and sex-dependent phenotypes. <i>Nature Neuroscience</i>. Springer Nature. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41593-022-01167-6\">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41593-022-01167-6</a>","ieee":"G. Colombo <i>et al.</i>, “A tool for mapping microglial morphology, morphOMICs, reveals brain-region and sex-dependent phenotypes,” <i>Nature Neuroscience</i>, vol. 25, no. 10. Springer Nature, pp. 1379–1393, 2022.","chicago":"Colombo, Gloria, Ryan J Cubero, Lida Kanari, Alessandro Venturino, Rouven Schulz, Martina Scolamiero, Jens Agerberg, et al. “A Tool for Mapping Microglial Morphology, MorphOMICs, Reveals Brain-Region and Sex-Dependent Phenotypes.” <i>Nature Neuroscience</i>. Springer Nature, 2022. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41593-022-01167-6\">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41593-022-01167-6</a>."},"year":"2022","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"Environmental cues influence the highly dynamic morphology of microglia. Strategies to characterize these changes usually involve user-selected morphometric features, which preclude the identification of a spectrum of context-dependent morphological phenotypes. Here we develop MorphOMICs, a topological data analysis approach, which enables semiautomatic mapping of microglial morphology into an atlas of cue-dependent phenotypes and overcomes feature-selection biases and biological variability. We extract spatially heterogeneous and sexually dimorphic morphological phenotypes for seven adult mouse brain regions. This sex-specific phenotype declines with maturation but increases over the disease trajectories in two neurodegeneration mouse models, with females showing a faster morphological shift in affected brain regions. Remarkably, microglia morphologies reflect an adaptation upon repeated exposure to ketamine anesthesia and do not recover to control morphologies. Finally, we demonstrate that both long primary processes and short terminal processes provide distinct insights to morphological phenotypes. MorphOMICs opens a new perspective to characterize microglial morphology."}],"doi":"10.1038/s41593-022-01167-6","day":"01","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"keyword":["General Neuroscience"],"publication":"Nature Neuroscience","has_accepted_license":"1","month":"10","acknowledged_ssus":[{"_id":"PreCl"},{"_id":"Bio"},{"_id":"ScienComp"}],"oa_version":"Published Version","project":[{"name":"ISTplus - Postdoctoral Fellowships","grant_number":"754411","_id":"260C2330-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425","call_identifier":"H2020"},{"_id":"25D4A630-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425","call_identifier":"H2020","grant_number":"715571","name":"Microglia action towards neuronal circuit formation and function in health and disease"}],"related_material":{"record":[{"id":"12378","relation":"dissertation_contains","status":"public"}],"link":[{"url":"https://ista.ac.at/en/news/morphomics-revealing-the-hidden-meaning-of-microglia-shape/","description":"News on ISTA website","relation":"press_release"}]},"user_id":"4359f0d1-fa6c-11eb-b949-802e58b17ae8","status":"public","file":[{"success":1,"access_level":"open_access","relation":"main_file","creator":"dernst","file_id":"12437","checksum":"28431146873096f52e0107b534f178c9","file_size":23789835,"date_created":"2023-01-30T08:06:56Z","file_name":"2022_NatureNeuroscience_Colombo.pdf","content_type":"application/pdf","date_updated":"2023-01-30T08:06:56Z"}],"date_published":"2022-10-01T00:00:00Z","type":"journal_article","tmp":{"legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","short":"CC BY (4.0)","image":"/images/cc_by.png","name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)"},"oa":1,"publication_identifier":{"issn":["1097-6256"],"eissn":["1546-1726"]}},{"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"oa_version":"Published Version","acknowledged_ssus":[{"_id":"Bio"},{"_id":"PreCl"}],"project":[{"name":"International IST Doctoral Program","grant_number":"665385","call_identifier":"H2020","_id":"2564DBCA-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425"},{"grant_number":"754411","name":"ISTplus - Postdoctoral Fellowships","call_identifier":"H2020","_id":"260C2330-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425"},{"call_identifier":"H2020","_id":"25D4A630-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425","grant_number":"715571","name":"Microglia action towards neuronal circuit formation and function in health and disease"}],"month":"07","article_number":"109313","publication":"Cell Reports","has_accepted_license":"1","file":[{"checksum":"f056255f6d01fd9a86b5387635928173","file_size":56388540,"date_created":"2021-07-19T13:32:17Z","content_type":"application/pdf","file_name":"2021_CellReports_Venturino.pdf","date_updated":"2021-07-19T13:32:17Z","access_level":"open_access","relation":"main_file","success":1,"creator":"cziletti","file_id":"9693"}],"status":"public","related_material":{"link":[{"url":"https://ist.ac.at/en/news/the-twinkle-and-the-brain/","relation":"press_release","description":"News on IST Homepage"}]},"user_id":"4359f0d1-fa6c-11eb-b949-802e58b17ae8","publication_identifier":{"eissn":["22111247"]},"oa":1,"tmp":{"legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","short":"CC BY (4.0)","image":"/images/cc_by.png","name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)"},"date_published":"2021-07-06T00:00:00Z","type":"journal_article","publisher":"Elsevier","article_type":"original","quality_controlled":"1","ec_funded":1,"file_date_updated":"2021-07-19T13:32:17Z","publication_status":"published","department":[{"_id":"SaSi"}],"date_created":"2021-07-11T22:01:16Z","article_processing_charge":"No","title":"Microglia enable mature perineuronal nets disassembly upon anesthetic ketamine exposure or 60-Hz light entrainment in the healthy brain","intvolume":"        36","pmid":1,"_id":"9642","scopus_import":"1","author":[{"orcid":"0000-0003-2356-9403","full_name":"Venturino, Alessandro","first_name":"Alessandro","last_name":"Venturino","id":"41CB84B2-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87"},{"first_name":"Rouven","last_name":"Schulz","orcid":"0000-0001-5297-733X","full_name":"Schulz, Rouven","id":"4C5E7B96-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87"},{"first_name":"Héctor","last_name":"De Jesús-Cortés","full_name":"De Jesús-Cortés, Héctor"},{"first_name":"Margaret E","last_name":"Maes","orcid":"0000-0001-9642-1085","full_name":"Maes, Margaret E","id":"3838F452-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87"},{"id":"93C65ECC-A6F2-11E9-8DF9-9712E6697425","full_name":"Nagy, Balint","first_name":"Balint","last_name":"Nagy"},{"first_name":"Francis","last_name":"Reilly-Andújar","full_name":"Reilly-Andújar, Francis"},{"id":"3483CF6C-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","full_name":"Colombo, Gloria","orcid":"0000-0001-9434-8902","last_name":"Colombo","first_name":"Gloria"},{"id":"850B2E12-9CD4-11E9-837F-E719E6697425","orcid":"0000-0003-0002-1867","full_name":"Cubero, Ryan J","first_name":"Ryan J","last_name":"Cubero"},{"full_name":"Schoot Uiterkamp, Florianne E","last_name":"Schoot Uiterkamp","first_name":"Florianne E","id":"3526230C-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87"},{"last_name":"Bear","first_name":"Mark F.","full_name":"Bear, Mark F."},{"id":"36ACD32E-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","orcid":"0000-0001-8635-0877","full_name":"Siegert, Sandra","first_name":"Sandra","last_name":"Siegert"}],"issue":"1","volume":36,"acknowledgement":"We thank the scientific service units at IST Austria, especially the IST bioimaging facility, the preclinical facility, and, specifically, Michael Schunn and Sonja Haslinger for excellent support; Plexxikon for the PLX food; the Csicsvari group for advice and equipment for in vivo recording; Jürgen Siegert for the light-entrainment design; Marco Benevento, Soledad Gonzalo Cogno, Pat King, and all Siegert group members for constant feedback on the project and manuscript; Lorena Pantano (PILM Bioinformatics Core) for assisting with sample-size determination for OD plasticity experiments; and Ana Morello from MIT for technical assistance with VEPs recordings. This research was supported by a DOC Fellowship from the Austrian Academy of Sciences at the Institute of Science and Technology Austria to R.S., from the European Union Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie Actions program (grants 665385 to G.C.; 754411 to R.J.A.C.), the European Research Council (grant 715571 to S.S.), and the National Eye Institute of the National Institutes of Health under award numbers R01EY029245 (to M.F.B.) and R01EY023037 (diversity supplement to H.D.J-C.).","ddc":["570"],"doi":"10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109313","day":"06","abstract":[{"text":"Perineuronal nets (PNNs), components of the extracellular matrix, preferentially coat parvalbumin-positive interneurons and constrain critical-period plasticity in the adult cerebral cortex. Current strategies to remove PNN are long-lasting, invasive, and trigger neuropsychiatric symptoms. Here, we apply repeated anesthetic ketamine as a method with minimal behavioral effect. We find that this paradigm strongly reduces PNN coating in the healthy adult brain and promotes juvenile-like plasticity. Microglia are critically involved in PNN loss because they engage with parvalbumin-positive neurons in their defined cortical layer. We identify external 60-Hz light-flickering entrainment to recapitulate microglia-mediated PNN removal. Importantly, 40-Hz frequency, which is known to remove amyloid plaques, does not induce PNN loss, suggesting microglia might functionally tune to distinct brain frequencies. Thus, our 60-Hz light-entrainment strategy provides an alternative form of PNN intervention in the healthy adult brain.","lang":"eng"}],"date_updated":"2023-08-10T14:09:39Z","citation":{"ama":"Venturino A, Schulz R, De Jesús-Cortés H, et al. Microglia enable mature perineuronal nets disassembly upon anesthetic ketamine exposure or 60-Hz light entrainment in the healthy brain. <i>Cell Reports</i>. 2021;36(1). doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109313\">10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109313</a>","apa":"Venturino, A., Schulz, R., De Jesús-Cortés, H., Maes, M. E., Nagy, B., Reilly-Andújar, F., … Siegert, S. (2021). Microglia enable mature perineuronal nets disassembly upon anesthetic ketamine exposure or 60-Hz light entrainment in the healthy brain. <i>Cell Reports</i>. Elsevier. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109313\">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109313</a>","chicago":"Venturino, Alessandro, Rouven Schulz, Héctor De Jesús-Cortés, Margaret E Maes, Balint Nagy, Francis Reilly-Andújar, Gloria Colombo, et al. “Microglia Enable Mature Perineuronal Nets Disassembly upon Anesthetic Ketamine Exposure or 60-Hz Light Entrainment in the Healthy Brain.” <i>Cell Reports</i>. Elsevier, 2021. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109313\">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109313</a>.","ieee":"A. Venturino <i>et al.</i>, “Microglia enable mature perineuronal nets disassembly upon anesthetic ketamine exposure or 60-Hz light entrainment in the healthy brain,” <i>Cell Reports</i>, vol. 36, no. 1. Elsevier, 2021.","short":"A. Venturino, R. Schulz, H. De Jesús-Cortés, M.E. Maes, B. Nagy, F. Reilly-Andújar, G. Colombo, R.J. Cubero, F.E. Schoot Uiterkamp, M.F. Bear, S. Siegert, Cell Reports 36 (2021).","mla":"Venturino, Alessandro, et al. “Microglia Enable Mature Perineuronal Nets Disassembly upon Anesthetic Ketamine Exposure or 60-Hz Light Entrainment in the Healthy Brain.” <i>Cell Reports</i>, vol. 36, no. 1, 109313, Elsevier, 2021, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109313\">10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109313</a>.","ista":"Venturino A, Schulz R, De Jesús-Cortés H, Maes ME, Nagy B, Reilly-Andújar F, Colombo G, Cubero RJ, Schoot Uiterkamp FE, Bear MF, Siegert S. 2021. Microglia enable mature perineuronal nets disassembly upon anesthetic ketamine exposure or 60-Hz light entrainment in the healthy brain. Cell Reports. 36(1), 109313."},"year":"2021","isi":1,"external_id":{"pmid":["34233180"],"isi":["000670188500004"]}},{"file":[{"success":1,"access_level":"open_access","relation":"main_file","creator":"cchlebak","file_id":"10570","checksum":"9ea2501056c5df99e84726b845e9b976","file_size":6207060,"date_created":"2021-12-20T08:58:40Z","file_name":"2021_STARProt_Venturino.pdf","content_type":"application/pdf","date_updated":"2021-12-20T08:58:40Z"}],"user_id":"3E5EF7F0-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","status":"public","tmp":{"legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","short":"CC BY (4.0)","image":"/images/cc_by.png","name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)"},"type":"journal_article","date_published":"2021-12-17T00:00:00Z","publication_identifier":{"eissn":["2666-1667"]},"oa":1,"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"has_accepted_license":"1","publication":"STAR Protocols","project":[{"call_identifier":"H2020","_id":"25D4A630-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425","name":"Microglia action towards neuronal circuit formation and function in health and disease","grant_number":"715571"}],"oa_version":"Published Version","acknowledged_ssus":[{"_id":"Bio"}],"article_number":"101012","month":"12","acknowledgement":"This research was supported by the European Research Council (grant 715571 to S.S.). We thank Rouven Schulz, Michael Schunn, Claudia Gold, Gabriel Krens, Sarah Gorkiewicz, Margaret Maes, Jürgen Siegert, Marco Benevento, and Sara Oakeley for comments on the manuscript and the IST Austria Bioimaging Facility for the technical support.","volume":2,"ddc":["573"],"citation":{"ista":"Venturino A, Siegert S. 2021. Minimally invasive protocols and quantification for microglia-mediated perineuronal net disassembly in mouse brain. STAR Protocols. 2(4), 101012.","mla":"Venturino, Alessandro, and Sandra Siegert. “Minimally Invasive Protocols and Quantification for Microglia-Mediated Perineuronal Net Disassembly in Mouse Brain.” <i>STAR Protocols</i>, vol. 2, no. 4, 101012, Elsevier ; Cell Press, 2021, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.xpro.2021.101012\">10.1016/j.xpro.2021.101012</a>.","short":"A. Venturino, S. Siegert, STAR Protocols 2 (2021).","chicago":"Venturino, Alessandro, and Sandra Siegert. “Minimally Invasive Protocols and Quantification for Microglia-Mediated Perineuronal Net Disassembly in Mouse Brain.” <i>STAR Protocols</i>. Elsevier ; Cell Press, 2021. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.xpro.2021.101012\">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.xpro.2021.101012</a>.","ieee":"A. Venturino and S. Siegert, “Minimally invasive protocols and quantification for microglia-mediated perineuronal net disassembly in mouse brain,” <i>STAR Protocols</i>, vol. 2, no. 4. Elsevier ; Cell Press, 2021.","ama":"Venturino A, Siegert S. Minimally invasive protocols and quantification for microglia-mediated perineuronal net disassembly in mouse brain. <i>STAR Protocols</i>. 2021;2(4). doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.xpro.2021.101012\">10.1016/j.xpro.2021.101012</a>","apa":"Venturino, A., &#38; Siegert, S. (2021). Minimally invasive protocols and quantification for microglia-mediated perineuronal net disassembly in mouse brain. <i>STAR Protocols</i>. Elsevier ; Cell Press. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.xpro.2021.101012\">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.xpro.2021.101012</a>"},"year":"2021","date_updated":"2023-11-16T13:11:04Z","day":"17","doi":"10.1016/j.xpro.2021.101012","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"Enzymatic digestion of the extracellular matrix with chondroitinase-ABC reinstates juvenile-like plasticity in the adult cortex as it also disassembles the perineuronal nets (PNNs). The disadvantage of the enzyme is that it must be applied intracerebrally and it degrades the ECM for several weeks. Here, we provide two minimally invasive and transient protocols for microglia-enabled PNN disassembly in mouse cortex: repeated treatment with ketamine-xylazine-acepromazine (KXA) anesthesia and 60-Hz light entrainment. We also discuss how to analyze PNNs within microglial endosomes-lysosomes. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Venturino et al. (2021)."}],"ec_funded":1,"quality_controlled":"1","file_date_updated":"2021-12-20T08:58:40Z","publisher":"Elsevier ; Cell Press","article_type":"original","scopus_import":"1","_id":"10565","issue":"4","author":[{"id":"41CB84B2-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","first_name":"Alessandro","last_name":"Venturino","orcid":"0000-0003-2356-9403","full_name":"Venturino, Alessandro"},{"full_name":"Siegert, Sandra","orcid":"0000-0001-8635-0877","last_name":"Siegert","first_name":"Sandra","id":"36ACD32E-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87"}],"date_created":"2021-12-19T23:01:32Z","department":[{"_id":"SaSi"}],"article_processing_charge":"Yes","publication_status":"published","intvolume":"         2","title":"Minimally invasive protocols and quantification for microglia-mediated perineuronal net disassembly in mouse brain"},{"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"publication":"Molecular Therapy - Methods and Clinical Development","has_accepted_license":"1","month":"12","acknowledged_ssus":[{"_id":"Bio"},{"_id":"LifeSc"},{"_id":"PreCl"}],"oa_version":"Published Version","project":[{"call_identifier":"H2020","_id":"25D4A630-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425","grant_number":"715571","name":"Microglia action towards neuronal circuit formation and function in health and disease"}],"status":"public","user_id":"3E5EF7F0-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","file":[{"access_level":"open_access","success":1,"relation":"main_file","creator":"cchlebak","file_id":"10657","checksum":"77dc540e8011c5475031bdf6ccef20a6","file_size":4794147,"date_created":"2022-01-24T07:43:09Z","file_name":"2021_MolTherMethodsClinDev_Maes.pdf","content_type":"application/pdf","date_updated":"2022-01-24T07:43:09Z"}],"date_published":"2021-12-10T00:00:00Z","type":"journal_article","tmp":{"legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","short":"CC BY (4.0)","image":"/images/cc_by.png","name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)"},"oa":1,"publication_identifier":{"eissn":["2329-0501"]},"file_date_updated":"2022-01-24T07:43:09Z","page":"210-224","quality_controlled":"1","ec_funded":1,"article_type":"original","publisher":"Elsevier","author":[{"id":"3838F452-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","full_name":"Maes, Margaret E","orcid":"0000-0001-9642-1085","last_name":"Maes","first_name":"Margaret E"},{"first_name":"Gabriele M.","last_name":"Wögenstein","full_name":"Wögenstein, Gabriele M."},{"id":"3483CF6C-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","orcid":"0000-0001-9434-8902","full_name":"Colombo, Gloria","first_name":"Gloria","last_name":"Colombo"},{"id":"15240fc1-dbcd-11ea-9d1d-ac5a786425fd","first_name":"Raquel","last_name":"Casado Polanco","orcid":"0000-0001-8293-4568","full_name":"Casado Polanco, Raquel"},{"id":"36ACD32E-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","first_name":"Sandra","last_name":"Siegert","orcid":"0000-0001-8635-0877","full_name":"Siegert, Sandra"}],"_id":"10655","scopus_import":"1","title":"Optimizing AAV2/6 microglial targeting identified enhanced efficiency in the photoreceptor degenerative environment","intvolume":"        23","publication_status":"published","department":[{"_id":"SaSi"},{"_id":"SiHi"}],"article_processing_charge":"Yes","date_created":"2022-01-23T23:01:28Z","ddc":["570"],"acknowledgement":"This project has received funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (grant agreement no. 715571). The research was supported by the Scientific Service Units (SSU) of IST Austria through resources provided by the Bioimaging Facility, the Life Science Facility, and the Pre-Clinical Facility, namely Sonja Haslinger and Michael Schunn for their animal colony management and support. We would also like to thank Chakrabarty Lab for sharing the plasmids for AAV2/6 production. Finally, we would like to thank the Siegert team members for discussion about the manuscript.","volume":23,"isi":1,"external_id":{"isi":["000748748500019"]},"date_updated":"2023-11-16T13:12:03Z","citation":{"ieee":"M. E. Maes, G. M. Wögenstein, G. Colombo, R. Casado Polanco, and S. Siegert, “Optimizing AAV2/6 microglial targeting identified enhanced efficiency in the photoreceptor degenerative environment,” <i>Molecular Therapy - Methods and Clinical Development</i>, vol. 23. Elsevier, pp. 210–224, 2021.","chicago":"Maes, Margaret E, Gabriele M. Wögenstein, Gloria Colombo, Raquel Casado Polanco, and Sandra Siegert. “Optimizing AAV2/6 Microglial Targeting Identified Enhanced Efficiency in the Photoreceptor Degenerative Environment.” <i>Molecular Therapy - Methods and Clinical Development</i>. Elsevier, 2021. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.omtm.2021.09.006\">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.omtm.2021.09.006</a>.","apa":"Maes, M. E., Wögenstein, G. M., Colombo, G., Casado Polanco, R., &#38; Siegert, S. (2021). Optimizing AAV2/6 microglial targeting identified enhanced efficiency in the photoreceptor degenerative environment. <i>Molecular Therapy - Methods and Clinical Development</i>. Elsevier. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.omtm.2021.09.006\">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.omtm.2021.09.006</a>","ama":"Maes ME, Wögenstein GM, Colombo G, Casado Polanco R, Siegert S. Optimizing AAV2/6 microglial targeting identified enhanced efficiency in the photoreceptor degenerative environment. <i>Molecular Therapy - Methods and Clinical Development</i>. 2021;23:210-224. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.omtm.2021.09.006\">10.1016/j.omtm.2021.09.006</a>","ista":"Maes ME, Wögenstein GM, Colombo G, Casado Polanco R, Siegert S. 2021. Optimizing AAV2/6 microglial targeting identified enhanced efficiency in the photoreceptor degenerative environment. Molecular Therapy - Methods and Clinical Development. 23, 210–224.","mla":"Maes, Margaret E., et al. “Optimizing AAV2/6 Microglial Targeting Identified Enhanced Efficiency in the Photoreceptor Degenerative Environment.” <i>Molecular Therapy - Methods and Clinical Development</i>, vol. 23, Elsevier, 2021, pp. 210–24, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.omtm.2021.09.006\">10.1016/j.omtm.2021.09.006</a>.","short":"M.E. Maes, G.M. Wögenstein, G. Colombo, R. Casado Polanco, S. Siegert, Molecular Therapy - Methods and Clinical Development 23 (2021) 210–224."},"year":"2021","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"Adeno-associated viruses (AAVs) are widely used to deliver genetic material in vivo to distinct cell types such as neurons or glial cells, allowing for targeted manipulation. Transduction of microglia is mostly excluded from this strategy, likely due to the cells’ heterogeneous state upon environmental changes, which makes AAV design challenging. Here, we established the retina as a model system for microglial AAV validation and optimization. First, we show that AAV2/6 transduced microglia in both synaptic layers, where layer preference corresponds to the intravitreal or subretinal delivery method. Surprisingly, we observed significantly enhanced microglial transduction during photoreceptor degeneration. Thus, we modified the AAV6 capsid to reduce heparin binding by introducing four point mutations (K531E, R576Q, K493S, and K459S), resulting in increased microglial transduction in the outer plexiform layer. Finally, to improve microglial-specific transduction, we validated a Cre-dependent transgene delivery cassette for use in combination with the Cx3cr1CreERT2 mouse line. Together, our results provide a foundation for future studies optimizing AAV-mediated microglia transduction and highlight that environmental conditions influence microglial transduction efficiency.\r\n"}],"doi":"10.1016/j.omtm.2021.09.006","day":"10"},{"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"has_accepted_license":"1","publication":"Neuroscience Letters","article_number":"134310","month":"08","project":[{"call_identifier":"H2020","_id":"2564DBCA-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425","name":"International IST Doctoral Program","grant_number":"665385"},{"grant_number":"715571","name":"Microglia action towards neuronal circuit formation and function in health and disease","call_identifier":"H2020","_id":"25D4A630-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425"},{"name":"Modulating microglia through G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) signaling","_id":"267F75D8-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425"}],"oa_version":"Published Version","user_id":"4359f0d1-fa6c-11eb-b949-802e58b17ae8","status":"public","file":[{"access_level":"open_access","relation":"main_file","file_id":"6551","creator":"dernst","date_created":"2019-06-08T11:44:20Z","checksum":"553c9dbd39727fbed55ee991c51ca4d1","file_size":1779287,"date_updated":"2020-07-14T12:47:33Z","content_type":"application/pdf","file_name":"2019_Neuroscience_Maes.pdf"}],"type":"journal_article","date_published":"2019-08-10T00:00:00Z","tmp":{"legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","short":"CC BY (4.0)","image":"/images/cc_by.png","name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)"},"oa":1,"publication_identifier":{"issn":["0304-3940"]},"file_date_updated":"2020-07-14T12:47:33Z","ec_funded":1,"quality_controlled":"1","article_type":"original","publisher":"Elsevier","author":[{"id":"3838F452-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","last_name":"Maes","first_name":"Margaret E","full_name":"Maes, Margaret E","orcid":"0000-0001-9642-1085"},{"orcid":"0000-0001-9434-8902","full_name":"Colombo, Gloria","first_name":"Gloria","last_name":"Colombo","id":"3483CF6C-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87"},{"orcid":"0000-0001-5297-733X","full_name":"Schulz, Rouven","first_name":"Rouven","last_name":"Schulz","id":"4C5E7B96-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87"},{"id":"36ACD32E-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","orcid":"0000-0001-8635-0877","full_name":"Siegert, Sandra","first_name":"Sandra","last_name":"Siegert"}],"scopus_import":"1","pmid":1,"_id":"6521","intvolume":"       707","title":"Targeting microglia with lentivirus and AAV: Recent advances and remaining challenges","department":[{"_id":"SaSi"}],"article_processing_charge":"No","date_created":"2019-06-05T13:16:24Z","publication_status":"published","ddc":["570"],"volume":707,"external_id":{"isi":["000486094600037"],"pmid":["31158432"]},"isi":1,"year":"2019","citation":{"ista":"Maes ME, Colombo G, Schulz R, Siegert S. 2019. Targeting microglia with lentivirus and AAV: Recent advances and remaining challenges. Neuroscience Letters. 707, 134310.","short":"M.E. Maes, G. Colombo, R. Schulz, S. Siegert, Neuroscience Letters 707 (2019).","mla":"Maes, Margaret E., et al. “Targeting Microglia with Lentivirus and AAV: Recent Advances and Remaining Challenges.” <i>Neuroscience Letters</i>, vol. 707, 134310, Elsevier, 2019, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neulet.2019.134310\">10.1016/j.neulet.2019.134310</a>.","chicago":"Maes, Margaret E, Gloria Colombo, Rouven Schulz, and Sandra Siegert. “Targeting Microglia with Lentivirus and AAV: Recent Advances and Remaining Challenges.” <i>Neuroscience Letters</i>. Elsevier, 2019. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neulet.2019.134310\">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neulet.2019.134310</a>.","ieee":"M. E. Maes, G. Colombo, R. Schulz, and S. Siegert, “Targeting microglia with lentivirus and AAV: Recent advances and remaining challenges,” <i>Neuroscience Letters</i>, vol. 707. Elsevier, 2019.","apa":"Maes, M. E., Colombo, G., Schulz, R., &#38; Siegert, S. (2019). Targeting microglia with lentivirus and AAV: Recent advances and remaining challenges. <i>Neuroscience Letters</i>. Elsevier. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neulet.2019.134310\">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neulet.2019.134310</a>","ama":"Maes ME, Colombo G, Schulz R, Siegert S. Targeting microglia with lentivirus and AAV: Recent advances and remaining challenges. <i>Neuroscience Letters</i>. 2019;707. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neulet.2019.134310\">10.1016/j.neulet.2019.134310</a>"},"date_updated":"2023-08-28T09:30:57Z","abstract":[{"text":"Microglia have emerged as a critical component of neurodegenerative diseases. Genetic manipulation of microglia can elucidate their functional impact in disease. In neuroscience, recombinant viruses such as lentiviruses and adeno-associated viruses (AAVs) have been successfully used to target various cell types in the brain, although effective transduction of microglia is rare. In this review, we provide a short background of lentiviruses and AAVs, and strategies for designing recombinant viral vectors. Then, we will summarize recent literature on successful microglial transductions in vitro and in vivo, and discuss the current challenges. Finally, we provide guidelines for reporting the efficiency and specificity of viral targeting in microglia, which will enable the microglial research community to assess and improve methodologies for future studies.","lang":"eng"}],"day":"10","doi":"10.1016/j.neulet.2019.134310"}]