---
_id: '1104'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: In the early visual system, cells of the same type perform the same computation
    in different places of the visual field. How these cells code together a complex
    visual scene is unclear. A common assumption is that cells of a single-type extract
    a single-stimulus feature to form a feature map, but this has rarely been observed
    directly. Using large-scale recordings in the rat retina, we show that a homogeneous
    population of fast OFF ganglion cells simultaneously encodes two radically different
    features of a visual scene. Cells close to a moving object code quasilinearly
    for its position, while distant cells remain largely invariant to the object's
    position and, instead, respond nonlinearly to changes in the object's speed. We
    develop a quantitative model that accounts for this effect and identify a disinhibitory
    circuit that mediates it. Ganglion cells of a single type thus do not code for
    one, but two features simultaneously. This richer, flexible neural map might also
    be present in other sensory systems.
article_number: '1964'
article_processing_charge: No
author:
- first_name: Stephane
  full_name: Deny, Stephane
  last_name: Deny
- first_name: Ulisse
  full_name: Ferrari, Ulisse
  last_name: Ferrari
- first_name: Emilie
  full_name: Mace, Emilie
  last_name: Mace
- first_name: Pierre
  full_name: Yger, Pierre
  last_name: Yger
- first_name: Romain
  full_name: Caplette, Romain
  last_name: Caplette
- first_name: Serge
  full_name: Picaud, Serge
  last_name: Picaud
- first_name: Gasper
  full_name: Tkacik, Gasper
  id: 3D494DCA-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Tkacik
  orcid: 0000-0002-6699-1455
- first_name: Olivier
  full_name: Marre, Olivier
  last_name: Marre
citation:
  ama: Deny S, Ferrari U, Mace E, et al. Multiplexed computations in retinal ganglion
    cells of a single type. <i>Nature Communications</i>. 2017;8(1). doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-017-02159-y">10.1038/s41467-017-02159-y</a>
  apa: Deny, S., Ferrari, U., Mace, E., Yger, P., Caplette, R., Picaud, S., … Marre,
    O. (2017). Multiplexed computations in retinal ganglion cells of a single type.
    <i>Nature Communications</i>. Nature Publishing Group. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-017-02159-y">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-017-02159-y</a>
  chicago: Deny, Stephane, Ulisse Ferrari, Emilie Mace, Pierre Yger, Romain Caplette,
    Serge Picaud, Gašper Tkačik, and Olivier Marre. “Multiplexed Computations in Retinal
    Ganglion Cells of a Single Type.” <i>Nature Communications</i>. Nature Publishing
    Group, 2017. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-017-02159-y">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-017-02159-y</a>.
  ieee: S. Deny <i>et al.</i>, “Multiplexed computations in retinal ganglion cells
    of a single type,” <i>Nature Communications</i>, vol. 8, no. 1. Nature Publishing
    Group, 2017.
  ista: Deny S, Ferrari U, Mace E, Yger P, Caplette R, Picaud S, Tkačik G, Marre O.
    2017. Multiplexed computations in retinal ganglion cells of a single type. Nature
    Communications. 8(1), 1964.
  mla: Deny, Stephane, et al. “Multiplexed Computations in Retinal Ganglion Cells
    of a Single Type.” <i>Nature Communications</i>, vol. 8, no. 1, 1964, Nature Publishing
    Group, 2017, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-017-02159-y">10.1038/s41467-017-02159-y</a>.
  short: S. Deny, U. Ferrari, E. Mace, P. Yger, R. Caplette, S. Picaud, G. Tkačik,
    O. Marre, Nature Communications 8 (2017).
date_created: 2018-12-11T11:50:10Z
date_published: 2017-12-06T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2023-09-20T11:41:19Z
day: '06'
ddc:
- '571'
department:
- _id: GaTk
doi: 10.1038/s41467-017-02159-y
ec_funded: 1
external_id:
  isi:
  - '000417241200004'
file:
- access_level: open_access
  content_type: application/pdf
  creator: system
  date_created: 2018-12-12T10:16:06Z
  date_updated: 2018-12-12T10:16:06Z
  file_id: '5191'
  file_name: IST-2018-921-v1+1_s41467-017-02159-y.pdf
  file_size: 2872887
  relation: main_file
file_date_updated: 2018-12-12T10:16:06Z
has_accepted_license: '1'
intvolume: '         8'
isi: 1
issue: '1'
language:
- iso: eng
month: '12'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
project:
- _id: 25CD3DD2-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425
  call_identifier: FP7
  grant_number: '604102'
  name: Localization of ion channels and receptors by two and three-dimensional immunoelectron
    microscopic approaches
- _id: 254D1A94-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425
  call_identifier: FWF
  grant_number: P 25651-N26
  name: Sensitivity to higher-order statistics in natural scenes
publication: Nature Communications
publication_identifier:
  issn:
  - '20411723'
publication_status: published
publisher: Nature Publishing Group
publist_id: '6266'
pubrep_id: '921'
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: Multiplexed computations in retinal ganglion cells of a single type
tmp:
  image: /images/cc_by.png
  legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode
  name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)
  short: CC BY (4.0)
type: journal_article
user_id: c635000d-4b10-11ee-a964-aac5a93f6ac1
volume: 8
year: '2017'
...
---
_id: '1094'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: Immunogold labeling of freeze-fracture replicas has recently been used for
    high-resolution visualization of protein localization in electron microscopy.
    This method has higher labeling efficiency than conventional immunogold methods
    for membrane molecules allowing precise quantitative measurements. However, one
    of the limitations of freeze-fracture replica immunolabeling is difficulty in
    keeping structural orientation and identifying labeled profiles in complex tissues
    like brain. The difficulty is partly due to fragmentation of freeze-fracture replica
    preparations during labeling procedures and limited morphological clues on the
    replica surface. To overcome these issues, we introduce here a grid-glued replica
    method combined with SEM observation. This method allows histological staining
    before dissolving the tissue and easy handling of replicas during immunogold labeling,
    and keeps the whole replica surface intact without fragmentation. The procedure
    described here is also useful for matched double-replica analysis allowing further
    identification of labeled profiles in corresponding P-face and E-face.
acknowledged_ssus:
- _id: EM-Fac
acknowledgement: 'We thank Prof. Elek Molnár for providing us a pan-AMPAR anti-body
  used in Fig.2 and Dr. Ludek Lovicar for technical assistance in scanning electron
  microscope imaging. This work was supported by the European Union (HBP—Project Ref.
  604102). '
alternative_title:
- Methods in Molecular Biology
article_processing_charge: No
author:
- first_name: Harumi
  full_name: Harada, Harumi
  id: 2E55CDF2-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Harada
  orcid: 0000-0001-7429-7896
- first_name: Ryuichi
  full_name: Shigemoto, Ryuichi
  id: 499F3ABC-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Shigemoto
  orcid: 0000-0001-8761-9444
citation:
  ama: 'Harada H, Shigemoto R. Immunogold protein localization on grid-glued freeze-fracture
    replicas. In: <i>High-Resolution Imaging of Cellular Proteins</i>. Vol 1474. Springer;
    2016:203-216. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-6352-2_12">10.1007/978-1-4939-6352-2_12</a>'
  apa: Harada, H., &#38; Shigemoto, R. (2016). Immunogold protein localization on
    grid-glued freeze-fracture replicas. In <i>High-Resolution Imaging of Cellular
    Proteins</i> (Vol. 1474, pp. 203–216). Springer. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-6352-2_12">https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-6352-2_12</a>
  chicago: Harada, Harumi, and Ryuichi Shigemoto. “Immunogold Protein Localization
    on Grid-Glued Freeze-Fracture Replicas.” In <i>High-Resolution Imaging of Cellular
    Proteins</i>, 1474:203–16. Springer, 2016. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-6352-2_12">https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-6352-2_12</a>.
  ieee: H. Harada and R. Shigemoto, “Immunogold protein localization on grid-glued
    freeze-fracture replicas,” in <i>High-Resolution Imaging of Cellular Proteins</i>,
    vol. 1474, Springer, 2016, pp. 203–216.
  ista: 'Harada H, Shigemoto R. 2016.Immunogold protein localization on grid-glued
    freeze-fracture replicas. In: High-Resolution Imaging of Cellular Proteins. Methods
    in Molecular Biology, vol. 1474, 203–216.'
  mla: Harada, Harumi, and Ryuichi Shigemoto. “Immunogold Protein Localization on
    Grid-Glued Freeze-Fracture Replicas.” <i>High-Resolution Imaging of Cellular Proteins</i>,
    vol. 1474, Springer, 2016, pp. 203–16, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-6352-2_12">10.1007/978-1-4939-6352-2_12</a>.
  short: H. Harada, R. Shigemoto, in:, High-Resolution Imaging of Cellular Proteins,
    Springer, 2016, pp. 203–216.
date_created: 2018-12-11T11:50:06Z
date_published: 2016-08-12T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2023-09-05T14:09:01Z
day: '12'
department:
- _id: RySh
doi: 10.1007/978-1-4939-6352-2_12
ec_funded: 1
intvolume: '      1474'
language:
- iso: eng
month: '08'
oa_version: None
page: 203 - 216
project:
- _id: 25CD3DD2-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425
  call_identifier: FP7
  grant_number: '604102'
  name: Localization of ion channels and receptors by two and three-dimensional immunoelectron
    microscopic approaches
publication: High-Resolution Imaging of Cellular Proteins
publication_identifier:
  eissn:
  - 1611-3349
  issn:
  - 0302-9743
publication_status: published
publisher: Springer
publist_id: '6281'
quality_controlled: '1'
status: public
title: Immunogold protein localization on grid-glued freeze-fracture replicas
type: book_chapter
user_id: c635000d-4b10-11ee-a964-aac5a93f6ac1
volume: 1474
year: '2016'
...