[{"type":"journal_article","author":[{"last_name":"Scappucci","first_name":"Giordano","full_name":"Scappucci, Giordano"},{"full_name":"Kloeffel, Christoph","first_name":"Christoph","last_name":"Kloeffel"},{"last_name":"Zwanenburg","first_name":"Floris A.","full_name":"Zwanenburg, Floris A."},{"first_name":"Daniel","full_name":"Loss, Daniel","last_name":"Loss"},{"last_name":"Myronov","full_name":"Myronov, Maksym","first_name":"Maksym"},{"last_name":"Zhang","first_name":"Jian-Jun","full_name":"Zhang, Jian-Jun"},{"full_name":"Franceschi, Silvano De","first_name":"Silvano De","last_name":"Franceschi"},{"orcid":"0000-0001-8342-202X","id":"38DB5788-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","last_name":"Katsaros","full_name":"Katsaros, Georgios","first_name":"Georgios"},{"first_name":"Menno","full_name":"Veldhorst, Menno","last_name":"Veldhorst"}],"day":"01","title":"The germanium quantum information route","ec_funded":1,"citation":{"mla":"Scappucci, Giordano, et al. “The Germanium Quantum Information Route.” <i>Nature Reviews Materials</i>, vol. 6, Springer Nature, 2021, pp. 926–943, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41578-020-00262-z\">10.1038/s41578-020-00262-z</a>.","ista":"Scappucci G, Kloeffel C, Zwanenburg FA, Loss D, Myronov M, Zhang J-J, Franceschi SD, Katsaros G, Veldhorst M. 2021. The germanium quantum information route. Nature Reviews Materials. 6, 926–943.","ieee":"G. Scappucci <i>et al.</i>, “The germanium quantum information route,” <i>Nature Reviews Materials</i>, vol. 6. Springer Nature, pp. 926–943, 2021.","chicago":"Scappucci, Giordano, Christoph Kloeffel, Floris A. Zwanenburg, Daniel Loss, Maksym Myronov, Jian-Jun Zhang, Silvano De Franceschi, Georgios Katsaros, and Menno Veldhorst. “The Germanium Quantum Information Route.” <i>Nature Reviews Materials</i>. Springer Nature, 2021. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41578-020-00262-z\">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41578-020-00262-z</a>.","apa":"Scappucci, G., Kloeffel, C., Zwanenburg, F. A., Loss, D., Myronov, M., Zhang, J.-J., … Veldhorst, M. (2021). The germanium quantum information route. <i>Nature Reviews Materials</i>. Springer Nature. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41578-020-00262-z\">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41578-020-00262-z</a>","ama":"Scappucci G, Kloeffel C, Zwanenburg FA, et al. The germanium quantum information route. <i>Nature Reviews Materials</i>. 2021;6:926–943. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41578-020-00262-z\">10.1038/s41578-020-00262-z</a>","short":"G. Scappucci, C. Kloeffel, F.A. Zwanenburg, D. Loss, M. Myronov, J.-J. Zhang, S.D. Franceschi, G. Katsaros, M. Veldhorst, Nature Reviews Materials 6 (2021) 926–943."},"doi":"10.1038/s41578-020-00262-z","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"acknowledgement":"G.S., M.W.,F.A.Z acknowledge financial support from The Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO). F.Z., D.L., G.K. acknowledge funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under Grand Agreement Nr. 862046. G.K. acknowledges funding from FP7 ERC Starting Grant 335497, FWF Y 715-N30, FWF P-30207. S.D. acknowledges support from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 program under Grant\r\nAgreement No. 81050 and from the Agence Nationale de la Recherche through the TOPONANO and CMOSQSPIN projects. J.Z. acknowledges support from the National Key R&D Program of China (Grant No. 2016YFA0301701) and Strategic Priority Research Program of CAS (Grant No. XDB30000000). D.L. and C.K. acknowledge the Swiss National Science Foundation and NCCR QSIT.","project":[{"name":"Towards Spin qubits and Majorana fermions in Germanium selfassembled hut-wires","grant_number":"335497","_id":"25517E86-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425","call_identifier":"FP7"},{"name":"Loch Spin-Qubits und Majorana-Fermionen in Germanium","grant_number":"Y00715","_id":"2552F888-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425","call_identifier":"FWF"},{"_id":"2641CE5E-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425","call_identifier":"FWF","name":"Hole spin orbit qubits in Ge quantum wells","grant_number":"P30207"}],"date_created":"2020-12-02T10:52:51Z","month":"10","page":"926–943 ","intvolume":"         6","status":"public","quality_controlled":"1","department":[{"_id":"GeKa"}],"publication":"Nature Reviews Materials","isi":1,"publisher":"Springer Nature","oa_version":"Preprint","year":"2021","article_type":"original","publication_identifier":{"eissn":["2058-8437"]},"user_id":"3E5EF7F0-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","date_updated":"2024-03-07T14:48:57Z","scopus_import":"1","external_id":{"arxiv":["2004.08133"],"isi":["000600826100003"]},"_id":"8911","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"In the worldwide endeavor for disruptive quantum technologies, germanium is emerging as a versatile material to realize devices capable of encoding, processing, or transmitting quantum information. These devices leverage special properties of the germanium valence-band states, commonly known as holes, such as their inherently strong spin-orbit coupling and the ability to host superconducting pairing correlations. In this Review, we initially introduce the physics of holes in low-dimensional germanium structures with key insights from a theoretical perspective. We then examine the material science progress underpinning germanium-based planar heterostructures and nanowires. We review the most significant experimental results demonstrating key building blocks for quantum technology, such as an electrically driven universal quantum gate set with spin qubits in quantum dots and superconductor-semiconductor devices for hybrid quantum systems. We conclude by identifying the most promising prospects\r\ntoward scalable quantum information processing. "}],"date_published":"2021-10-01T00:00:00Z","article_processing_charge":"No","arxiv":1,"volume":6,"oa":1,"main_file_link":[{"open_access":"1","url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2004.08133"}],"publication_status":"published"},{"day":"25","type":"journal_article","author":[{"full_name":"Watzinger, Hannes","first_name":"Hannes","last_name":"Watzinger","id":"35DF8E50-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87"},{"last_name":"Kukucka","full_name":"Kukucka, Josip","first_name":"Josip","id":"3F5D8856-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87"},{"last_name":"Vukusic","first_name":"Lada","full_name":"Vukusic, Lada","orcid":"0000-0003-2424-8636","id":"31E9F056-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87"},{"first_name":"Fei","full_name":"Gao, Fei","last_name":"Gao"},{"last_name":"Wang","full_name":"Wang, Ting","first_name":"Ting"},{"last_name":"Schäffler","full_name":"Schäffler, Friedrich","first_name":"Friedrich"},{"last_name":"Zhang","full_name":"Zhang, Jian","first_name":"Jian"},{"last_name":"Katsaros","first_name":"Georgios","full_name":"Katsaros, Georgios","id":"38DB5788-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","orcid":"0000-0001-8342-202X"}],"citation":{"apa":"Watzinger, H., Kukucka, J., Vukušić, L., Gao, F., Wang, T., Schäffler, F., … Katsaros, G. (2018). A germanium hole spin qubit. <i>Nature Communications</i>. Nature Publishing Group. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-06418-4\">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-06418-4</a>","ama":"Watzinger H, Kukucka J, Vukušić L, et al. A germanium hole spin qubit. <i>Nature Communications</i>. 2018;9(3902). doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-06418-4\">10.1038/s41467-018-06418-4</a>","short":"H. Watzinger, J. Kukucka, L. Vukušić, F. Gao, T. Wang, F. Schäffler, J. Zhang, G. Katsaros, Nature Communications 9 (2018).","mla":"Watzinger, Hannes, et al. “A Germanium Hole Spin Qubit.” <i>Nature Communications</i>, vol. 9, no. 3902, Nature Publishing Group, 2018, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-06418-4\">10.1038/s41467-018-06418-4</a>.","ista":"Watzinger H, Kukucka J, Vukušić L, Gao F, Wang T, Schäffler F, Zhang J, Katsaros G. 2018. A germanium hole spin qubit. Nature Communications. 9(3902).","ieee":"H. Watzinger <i>et al.</i>, “A germanium hole spin qubit,” <i>Nature Communications</i>, vol. 9, no. 3902. Nature Publishing Group, 2018.","chicago":"Watzinger, Hannes, Josip Kukucka, Lada Vukušić, Fei Gao, Ting Wang, Friedrich Schäffler, Jian Zhang, and Georgios Katsaros. “A Germanium Hole Spin Qubit.” <i>Nature Communications</i>. Nature Publishing Group, 2018. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-06418-4\">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-06418-4</a>."},"ec_funded":1,"title":"A germanium hole spin qubit","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"ddc":["530"],"doi":"10.1038/s41467-018-06418-4","related_material":{"record":[{"id":"7977","relation":"popular_science"},{"relation":"dissertation_contains","id":"7996","status":"public"}]},"project":[{"name":"Towards Spin qubits and Majorana fermions in Germanium selfassembled hut-wires","grant_number":"335497","_id":"25517E86-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425","call_identifier":"FP7"},{"_id":"2552F888-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425","call_identifier":"FWF","name":"Loch Spin-Qubits und Majorana-Fermionen in Germanium","grant_number":"Y00715"}],"month":"09","date_created":"2018-12-11T11:44:30Z","publication":"Nature Communications","quality_controlled":"1","department":[{"_id":"GeKa"}],"status":"public","intvolume":"         9","publisher":"Nature Publishing Group","isi":1,"article_type":"original","year":"2018","oa_version":"Published Version","has_accepted_license":"1","external_id":{"isi":["000445560800010"]},"scopus_import":"1","user_id":"c635000d-4b10-11ee-a964-aac5a93f6ac1","date_updated":"2023-09-08T11:44:02Z","acknowledged_ssus":[{"_id":"M-Shop"},{"_id":"NanoFab"}],"file":[{"creator":"dernst","file_size":1063469,"file_name":"2018_NatureComm_Watzinger.pdf","access_level":"open_access","date_updated":"2020-07-14T12:48:02Z","checksum":"e7148c10a64497e279c4de570b6cc544","file_id":"5687","relation":"main_file","content_type":"application/pdf","date_created":"2018-12-17T10:28:30Z"}],"date_published":"2018-09-25T00:00:00Z","_id":"77","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"Holes confined in quantum dots have gained considerable interest in the past few years due to their potential as spin qubits. Here we demonstrate two-axis control of a spin 3/2 qubit in natural Ge. The qubit is formed in a hut wire double quantum dot device. The Pauli spin blockade principle allowed us to demonstrate electric dipole spin resonance by applying a radio frequency electric field to one of the electrodes defining the double quantum dot. Coherent hole spin oscillations with Rabi frequencies reaching 140 MHz are demonstrated and dephasing times of 130 ns are measured. The reported results emphasize the potential of Ge as a platform for fast and electrically tunable hole spin qubit devices."}],"article_processing_charge":"Yes","issue":"3902 ","file_date_updated":"2020-07-14T12:48:02Z","tmp":{"legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)","image":"/images/cc_by.png","short":"CC BY (4.0)"},"volume":9,"publication_status":"published","oa":1}]